Abstract: A propellant isolation barrier including an ionic liquid is configured to have a solid phase at temperatures less than a predetermined temperature and a liquid phase at temperatures greater than the predetermined temperature. The ionic liquid is configured to create a propellant isolation barrier in the solid phase, mix with a primary liquid propellant in the liquid phase, and remain in the liquid phase and miscible with the primary liquid propellant at temperatures greater than and less than the predetermined temperature when mixed with the primary propellant.

Abstract: Embodiments relate to formulations comprising sodium acetate trihydrate and other components. In addition, embodiments further relate to methods of preparing such formulations. Furthermore, embodiments relate to products including such formulations.

Abstract: This invention generally relates to phase-change materials (PCM) comprising colloidally-protected wax-based microstructures and optionally, an absorbent material such as activated carbon. This invention also relates to such PCMs configured in various physical forms. This invention further relates to a process of configuring such PCMs for a variety of end-use applications in which dampening of temperature fluctuations by absorption and desorption of heat is desired. This invention also relates to PCM with reduced leaking of paraffin from the CPWB microstructures. This invention further relates to preparing colloidally-protected wax-based microstructures in particulate form that function as PCMs.

Abstract: The invention is directed to compositions and methods for using a synthetic polymerization composite to produce thermal dissipative products such as heat sinks, enclosures and supporting structures. The composition for forming a synthetic polymerization composite includes at least one polymerizable resin, at least one additive, and at least one curing agent.

Abstract: A composite material part including reinforcement made of carbon fibers or yarns consolidated by an organic matrix. The part includes one or more thermally and electrically conductive portions in which the carbon fibers or yarns are free of matrix at least in part, the matrix-free carbon fiber or yarn portions being in contact with a material that is thermally and electrically conductive.

Abstract: A composition includes a continuous phase of water, alcohol, or a mixture of water and alcohol; hexagonal boron nitride nanoparticles dispersed in the continuous phase; and a compound having a formula (I) or a salt thereof, wherein n is an integer between 50 and 200 and y is an integer between 20 and 200.

Abstract: Treatment fluids and methods for treating a subterranean formation are disclosed that include introducing a treatment fluid into a subterranean formation, the treatment fluid containing temporarily inactive cellulose nanoparticles.

Abstract: Some embodiments described herein relate to methods comprising providing a proposed invert emulsion formulation, wherein the proposed invert emulsion formulation comprises an oil phase, an aqueous phase, and a particulates fraction comprising a first sub-fraction and a second sub-fraction, wherein the first sub-fraction comprises high-gravity particulates and the second sub-fraction comprises low-gravity particulates; calculating an initial associative stability value of the proposed invert emulsion based on the degree of association between the aqueous phase and the particulates fraction comprising both the first sub-fraction and the second sub-fraction; manipulating the proposed invert emulsion based on the initial associative stability value so as to produce an associatively stable invert emulsion having a final associative stability value in the range of between about 50% and about 100%; and introducing the associatively stable invert emulsion into a subterranean formation.

Abstract: A cement composition and method for well treatment employing the cement composition that is effective at achieving zonal isolation, controlling gas migration, preventing corrosive conditions and sustaining wellbore integrity during drilling or construction of boreholes in such subterranean formations. The cement composition includes spent cracking catalyst from oil cracking processes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing mineral oil from an underground mineral oil deposit using a composition (Z) and to the use of the composition (Z) as a medium for mineral oil production.

Abstract: The present invention is related to the obtaining and use of zwitterionic geminal liquids based on hydroxypropyl betaine, as wettability modifiers of rocks such as limestone, dolomite, sandstone, quartz or heterogeneous lithologies, in the presence of brines with high content of divalent ions as calcium, magnesium, barium and strontium, at high temperature and high pressure conditions during the application of enhanced oil recovery processes. The zwitterionic geminal liquids based hydroxypropyl betaine of the present invention have also the property of acting as inhibitors/dispersing of asphaltenes, both at extraction and production operations of petroleum industry, thus allowing to increase the level of crude oil production. An additional advantage presented by zwitterionic geminal liquid based on hydroxypropyl betaine which can be dissolved in distilled water, brine, aliphatic hydrocarbons or other polar and nonpolar solvents.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of treating a hydrocarbon containing formation, comprising the following steps: a) providing a composition comprising two or more surfactants to at least a portion of the hydrocarbon containing formation having a salinity, wherein said two or more surfactants are selected such that the salinity range within which the interfacial tension between water and the hydrocarbons in the hydrocarbon containing formation can be reduced to a certain level is widened as compared to the cases wherein only one of said two or more surfactants is used; and b) allowing said two or more surfactants from the composition to interact with the hydrocarbons in the hydrocarbon containing formation.

Abstract: A fracturing fluid system for increasing hydrocarbon production in a subterranean reservoir formation is provided. The fracturing fluid system comprising a fluid composition and a base fluid, the fluid composition comprising a nano-crosslinker, and a base polymer; and the base fluid operable to suspend the fluid composition, the base fluid comprising water; wherein the fluid composition and the base fluid are combined to produce the fracturing fluid system, wherein the fracturing fluid system is operable to stimulate the subterranean reservoir formation. In certain embodiments, the nano-crosslinker is an amine-containing nano-crosslinker and the base polymer is an acrylamide-based polymer. In certain embodiments, the fracturing fluid systems comprise proppants for enhancing hydraulic fracturing stimulation in a subterranean hydrocarbon reservoir.

Abstract: An acid curing agent inclusion according to the present invention contains an acid curing agent having an acidic group; and a polyester. The acid curing agent exists in a state that the acidic group thereof is blocked by a compound having reactivity with the acidic group. This makes it possible to provide an acid curing agent inclusion capable of preparing a resin composition which can reliably cure an acid curable resin at a required place, and a method for producing (preparing) such an acid curing agent inclusion.

Abstract: A method for treating a subterranean formation penetrated by a wellbore, comprising: providing a treatment slurry comprising a carrying fluid, a solid particulate and an anchorant; injecting the treatment slurry into a fracture to form a substantially uniformly distributed mixture of the solid particulate and the anchorant; and transforming the substantially uniform mixture into areas that are rich in solid particulate and areas that are substantially free of solid particulate, wherein the solid particulate and the anchorant have substantially dissimilar velocities in the fracture and wherein said transforming results from said substantially dissimilar velocities is provided.

Abstract: Methods for manufacturing electrically-conductive proppant particles are disclosed. The methods can include preparing a slurry containing water, a binder, and a raw material having an alumina content, atomizing the slurry into droplets, and coating seeds containing alumina with the droplets to form a plurality of green pellets. The green pellets can be contacted with an activation solution containing at least one catalytically active material to provide activated green pellets including the at least one catalytically active material. The method can include sintering the activated green pellets to provide a plurality of proppant particles. The plurality of proppant particles can be contacted with a plating solution containing one or more electrically-conductive material to provide electrically-conductive proppant particles.

Abstract: Ceramic inks formulated for additive formation of proppants are provided, as well as methods of manufacturing such ink and ink systems including such ink. The proppant formed can contain a proppant core, a proppant shell, a proppant outer coating or any combination thereof. Additive methods for forming proppants are also provided. The ceramic ink can be applied drop-wise, linearly, in a planar fashion, or any combination thereof to form proppants. Additive fabricators configured to produce proppant are further provided, as are systems including the same and software for running the same.

Abstract: Water production from a subterranean formation is inhibited or controlled by pumping a fluid containing coated particles through a wellbore into the formation. The particles have been previously coated with a relative permeability modifier (RPM). Upon contact with water, the RPM coating expands or swells and inhibits and controls the production of water. The RPM may be a water hydrolyzable polymer having a weight average molecular weight greater than 100,000. The particles may be conventional proppants or gravel.

Abstract: A method of treating a treatment zone of a subterranean formation penetrated by a wellbore of a well, the method including the steps of: (A) forming a treatment fluid comprising: (i) an aqueous phase comprising water having at least 1,000 ppm total dissolved inorganic salts; (ii) a carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, wherein: (a) the carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose has a carboxymethyl degree of substitution is in the range of about 0.3 to about 0.45 per glucopyranose unit in the polymer; and (b) the carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose has a hydroxyethyl molecular substitution is in the range of about 2.1 to about 2.8 per glucopyranose unit in the polymer; and (iii) a breaker for the carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose; and (B) introducing the treatment fluid into the treatment zone. In embodiments, the carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose may or may not be crosslinked.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein include a method comprising: providing a treatment fluid comprising an aqueous base fluid, a viscosifier-scale inhibitor agent, and a breaker, wherein the viscosifier-scale inhibitor agent comprises a polysaccharide gelling agent grafted with a chelating moiety; introducing the treatment fluid into a subterranean formation, wherein the polysaccharide gelling agent increases the viscosity of the treatment fluid and the chelating moiety remains inert; breaking treatment fluid with the breaker so as to reduce the viscosity of the treatment fluid and chemically release the chelating moiety from the polysaccharide gelling agent; and inhibiting scale within the subterranean formation using the chelating moiety.

Abstract: A phosphor composition is presented. The phosphor composition includes a first phosphor that includes a phase of general formula (I): L3ZO4(Br2-nXn):Eu2+?? (I) wherein 0?n?1; L is Zn, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, or combinations thereof; Z is Si, Ge, or a combination thereof; and X is F, Cl, I, or combinations thereof. A lighting apparatus that includes a light source and the phosphor composition radiationally coupled to the light source is also presented.

Abstract: Metal halide scintillators are described. More particularly, the scintillators include doped (e.g., europium-doped) ternary metal halides, such as those of the formulas A2BX4 and AB2X5, wherein A is an alkali metal, such as Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs or any combination thereof; B is an alkali earth metal, such as Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba or any combination thereof; and X is a halide, such as Cl, Br, I, F or any combination thereof. Radiation detectors comprising the novel metal halide scintillators and other ternary metal halides, such as those of the formulas A2EuX4 and AEu2X5, wherein A is an alkali metal and X is a halide, are also described.

Abstract: Certain nanocrystals possess exceptional optical properties that may make them valuable probes for biological imaging, but rendering these nanoparticles biocompatible requires that they be small enough not to perturb cellular systems. This invention describes a phosphorescent upconverting sub-10 nm nanoparticle comprising a lanthanide-doped hexagonal ?-phase NaYF4 nanocrystal and methods for making the same.

Abstract: The method for enhancing strength and durability of weak soils includes the steps of selecting a weak soil, such as marl or dune sand, mixing the weak soil with 2% cement by weight and between 5% and 30% by weight of Electric Arc Furnace Dust (EAFD) to form a dry mixture, mixing the dry mixture with water to form a substantially homogenized mixture, and curing the homogenized mixture, wherein curing can include the step of sealing the homogenized mixture in an environment having a temperature between 19° C. and 25° C., inclusive, for seven days.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to compounds of the following General Formula I. The cyclopropyl-bearing liquid crystal compounds of Formula I of the present invention have a positive or negative dielectric anisotropy (??), an appropriate optical anisotropy (?n), an appropriate clearing point (CP), good low-temperature miscibility with other liquid crystals, a low rotary viscosity, and good UV stability and high-temperature thermal stability, and therefore have good use value. The compounds of the present invention can be used for preparing positive and negative liquid crystal compositions and can also be employed in passive and active matrix displays.

Abstract: The present invention relates to nematic liquid crystal compositions having a negative dielectric anisotropy (??) and useful as liquid crystal display materials and to liquid crystal display devices including such liquid crystal compositions. The present invention provides a liquid crystal composition with sufficiently low viscosity (?), sufficiently low rotational viscosity (?1), high elastic constant (K33), and a dielectric anisotropy (??) large in absolute value without decreasing the refractive index anisotropy (?n) or nematic-isotropic liquid phase transition temperature (Tni) thereof. A liquid crystal display device including such a liquid crystal composition has high response speed and good display quality with few or no display defects. The liquid crystal display device is particularly useful as an active-matrix liquid crystal display device. The liquid crystal display device is applicable to display modes such as the VA mode and the PSVA mode.

Abstract: A liquid crystal composition satisfies at least one of characteristics such as a high maximum temperature of a nematic phase, a low minimum temperature of the nematic phase, small viscosity, suitable optical anisotropy, large negative dielectric anisotropy, large specific resistance, high stability to ultraviolet light and heat, or has a suitable balance regarding at least two of the characteristics. The composition contains a specific compound having high stability to ultraviolet light as a first component, and a liquid crystal display device includes the composition. The composition may contain a specific compound having large negative dielectric anisotropy as a second component, a specific compound having high maximum temperature or small viscosity as a third component, and a specific compound having a polymerizable group as an additive component.

Abstract: The invention relates to a liquid-crystalline medium comprising at least one compound of the formula I, in which R1 and R2 have the meanings indicated in Claim 1, and to the use thereof in electro-optical liquid-crystal displays.

Abstract: An aspect of the present invention provides a monomer from which a polymer layer capable of keeping high display quality even in high temperature and high humidity environments can be formed. The monomer in an aspect of the present invention is a compound represented by P-Sp1-Z2-A1-(Z1-A2)n1-Z3-Sp2-P: in the formula, P denotes the same or different radical polymerizable group; and at least one of Z1, Z2, and Z3 denotes —NRCO— or —CONR— group.

Abstract: A polar compound has a high chemical stability, high ability to align liquid crystal molecules and high solubility in a liquid crystal composition, and causes no decrease of liquid crystallinity of the liquid crystal composition, a liquid crystal composition contains the compound, and a liquid crystal display device includes the composition. The compound is represented by formula (1), the composition contains the compound, and the liquid crystal display device uses the composition. In formula (1), R1 is alkyl having 3 to 15 carbons, alkenyl having 4 to 15 carbons or the like; a is an integer from 2 to 12; and R2 is a group represented by formula (1a), formula (1b) or formula (1c). In the formulas, S1 and S2 are independently a single bond, alkylene having 1 to 10 carbons; S3 is >CH— or >N—; S4 is >C< or >Si<; and X1 is —OH, —NH2 or the like.

Abstract: A liquid crystal alignment agent contains a polymer composition, a polysiloxane, and a solvent. The polymer composition is obtained by subjecting a mixture including a tetracarboxylic dianhydride component and a diamine component to a reaction. The diamine component includes first and second diamine compounds defined herein. The polysiloxane contains an epoxy-based group and a polymerizable unsaturated group defined herein. A liquid crystal display element made from the aforesaid liquid crystal alignment agent has reduced ion density.

Abstract: A liquid crystal alignment agent contains a polymer composition, a polysiloxane, and a solvent. The polymer composition is obtained by subjecting a mixture including a tetracarboxylic dianhydride component and a diamine component to a reaction. The diamine component includes first and second diamine compounds. The polysiloxane contains an epoxy-based group. A liquid crystal display element made from the aforesaid liquid crystal alignment agent has reduced ion density.

Abstract: A hydroxyphenyl or alkoxyphenyl phosphine oxide composition comprising (i) a first mixture of mono-(hydroxyphenyl) or (alkoxyphenyl)phosphine oxide isomers, (ii) a second mixture of bis-(hydroxyaryl) or (alkoxyphenyl)phosphine oxide isomers, (iii) a third mixture of tris-(hydroxyaryl) or (alkoxyphenyl)phosphine oxide isomers, and optionally iv) a minority amount of non-hydroxy or non-alkoxy tris-phenyl phosphine oxides is provided. Also provided are epoxy resins compositions with excellent flame retardancy and physical properties, which resins comprise the phosphine oxide composition.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a system and method for devolatilizing a carbonaceous feedstock. The system includes a devolatilization reactor having a unit shell, at least one tube bundle, a pump, and a control valve. The unit shell is configured to allow a heating fluid to flow within. The at least one tube bundle is configured to allow the feedstock to flow within the tube bundle and further configured to be positioned at least partially within the unit shell. The tube bundle comprises at least one tube and at least one tube bend. The at least one tube bend is disposed external to the unit shell. The pump is configured to pump the feedstock into the at least one tube bundle. The control valve is configured to control the flow rate of feedstock into the at least one tube bundle.

Abstract: This method for inhibiting the occurrence of a pyrolysis deposit in a pyrolysis gasification system includes: gasifying biomass (S2) through pyrolysis in a pyrolysis gasification furnace (5); separating, in a solid-gas separation unit (7), a pyrolysis gas (G1) and a carbide (C) continuously formed through pyrolysis of the biomass (S2); feeding an oxygen-containing gas (G3) to the separated pyrolysis gas (G1); and introducing the pyrolysis gas (G1) together with the oxygen-containing gas (G3) to a combustion furnace (6) through a pipe (9) which constitutes a pyrolysis gas line (8).

Abstract: A single solvent method and machine for separating bitumen from oil sand ore are disclosed. The method includes the use of a single light paraffinic solvent, such as propane or butane as the agent to separate the bitumen from mined oil sand ore. Since light paraffinic solvents are vapors at atmospheric pressure and temperatures, the ore is placed in a pressurized container so that the solvent remains in a liquid state. When the container is pressurized, by the addition of the solvent itself, the liquid solvent is mixed with the ore to effect separation. The proposed machine settles more than 80% of the solids out under gravity in a modest period of time. The solvent-bitumen mixture is drained after the cleaning cycle, the container is depressured to a vapor recovery system and the remaining solids dumped out. The fine solids, drained with the liquids, are separated from the liquid mixture with relative ease by the use of current technology in other downstream equipment.

Abstract: Methods and systems for producing one or more alkanes from biomass by hydrodeoxygenation are disclosed. Biomass may be converted to one or more alkanes by heating the biomass with a catalyst mixture that includes a noble metal and at least one of a transition metal and derivative thereof. The catalyst mixture may further include a solid acid. Heating may be performed at a single temperature and pressure.

Abstract: A method of depolymerizing coal includes preparing a high temperature depolymerizing medium consisting of heavy hydrocarbon oils and mixing it with coal to form a mixture, performing an optional first distillation at a temperature below 250° C. to recover naphthalene, heating the mixture to a temperature between 350° C. and 450° C. to create a digested coal, centrifuging the digested coal to remove ash and obtain a centrate, and distillation of the centrate into separate fractions. The high temperature depolymerizing medium may be a heavy hydrocarbon with a hydrogen to carbon (H/C) ratio higher than 7.0% and may include liquids chosen from the group consisting of: coal tar distillate, decant oil, anthracene oil, and heavy aromatic oils. The high temperature depolymerizing medium may be blended with an oil, preferably with H/C ratio higher than 10.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and apparatuses are provided for upgrading a bio-oil by reaction with an olefin in the presence of a catalyst. For example, upgraded bio-oil may have improved miscibility with hydrophobic fuels.

Abstract: This invention relates to a new process to directly produce transportation gasoline from synthesis gas containing principally carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen. The process entails three sequential catalytic stages with intermediate heat exchange to provide the requisite temperature in each stage, but with no interstage separation. The recycle loop enhances the conversion of the synthesis gas to the desired products and also serves as heat sink for the highly exothermic reactions involved in each stage.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a system for converting synthesis gas to liquid hydrocarbons with comparable energy content to gasoline within mixed catalyst bed single reactor or double reactor systems. Varying catalyst composition and temperature profiles allow for significant tailoring of reaction conditions to the specific feedstocks or the desired products.

Abstract: A process for the decoking of a hydrocarbon steam cracking furnace having a firebox, radiant coils, a transfer line exchanger, and an oil quench connection wherein liquid quench oil is injected to directly cool the steam-cracked effluent. Decoking feed comprising steam and air is supplied to the furnace under conditions sufficient to at least partially combust coke accumulated on the interior of the radiant coils, the transfer line exchanger, and the quench connection. Quench steam is supplied and injected into the decoking process effluent in an amount sufficient to cool the decoking process effluent below the metallurgical temperature limit of downstream piping. Also, a pyrolysis furnace for the production of ethylene is also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates a process for removing coke formed during steam-cracking of a hydrocarbon feed. The process includes providing a decoking feed to at least one radiant coil of a steam-cracking furnace under conditions to remove at least a portion of coke from the at least one radiant coil to form a decoking effluent. The decoking effluent is cooled with a liquid quench medium to provide an partially-quenched decoking effluent. The partially-quenched decoking effluent is cooled with a gaseous quench medium to provide a quenched effluent. An apparatus configured to perform such a process is also described.

Abstract: The invention relates weldments useful as heat transfer tubes in pyrolysis furnaces. The invention relates to tubes that are useful in pyrolysis furnaces. The weldments include a tubular member and at least one mixing element. The tubular member comprises an aluminum-containing alloy. The mixing element comprises an aluminum-containing alloy. The mixing element's aluminum-containing alloy can be the same as or different from the tubular member's aluminum-containing alloy. Other aspects of the invention relate to pyrolysis furnaces which include such weldments, and the use of such pyrolysis furnaces for hydrocarbon conversion processes such as steam cracking.

Abstract: Methods for co-processing pyrolysis oil streams and fuel processing apparatuses are provided. In one example, a method for co-processing a pyrolysis oil stream and a hydrocarbon stream is provided. The method includes mixing the pyrolysis oil stream and the hydrocarbon stream with a surfactant to form an emulsion. The method introduces the emulsion to a reaction zone in an fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) unit. The method includes contacting the emulsion with a catalyst in the reaction zone to form an FCC product stream.

Abstract: A process for removing sulfur and nitrogen contaminants from a hydrocarbon stream using a Brønsted acid or an ionic liquid and a Brønsted acid is described. The process includes contacting the hydrocarbon stream comprising the contaminant with a Brønsted acid or a hydrocarbon-immiscible ionic liquid and the Brønsted acid to produce a mixture comprising the hydrocarbon and the Brønsted acid comprising at least a portion of the removed contaminant or a hydrocarbon-immiscible ionic liquid comprising at least a portion of the removed contaminant; and separating the mixture to produce a hydrocarbon effluent having a reduced level of the contaminant and a Brønsted acid effluent comprising the Brønsted acid comprising at least the portion of the removed contaminant or a hydrocarbon-immiscible ionic liquid effluent comprising the hydrocarbon-immiscible ionic liquid comprising at least the portion of the removed contaminant.

Abstract: A process for removing a contaminant from a kerosene stream using a lactamium based ionic liquid is described. The process includes contacting the kerosene stream comprising the contaminant with a lean kerosene-immiscible lactamium ionic liquid to produce a mixture comprising the kerosene and a rich kerosene-immiscible lactamium ionic liquid comprising at least a portion of the removed contaminant; and separating the mixture to produce a kerosene effluent and a rich kerosene-immiscible lactamium ionic liquid effluent comprising the rich kerosene-immiscible lactamium ionic liquid.

Abstract: Methods for separating an aromatic compound from a lube base stock are provided herein. The method includes contacting a lube base stock containing an aromatic compound with an organosilica material as provided herein.

Abstract: Methods for fabricating a membrane with an organosilica material which is a polymer comprising independent units of Formula [Z3Z4SiCH2]3 (I), wherein each Z3 represents a hydroxyl group, a C1-C4 alkoxy group or an oxygen atom bonded to a silicon atom of another unit or an active site on the support and each Z4 represents a hydroxyl group, a C1-C4 alkoxy group, a C1-C4 alkyl group, an oxygen atom bonded to a silicon atom of another unit or an active site on the support are provided. Methods of removing a contaminant from a hydrocarbon stream are also provided.

Abstract: A process for hydrogenating a Fischer-Tropsch (“FT”) wax includes placing hydrogenation catalyst particles within a low-temperature hydrogenation reactor having a mixing sub-system and a vent at the top for excess hydrogen, placing the FT wax at a low temperature up to a predetermined level within the low-temperature, hydrogenation reactor, leaving a vapor space above the predetermined level, adding hydrogen under a desired pressure into the low-temperature hydrogenation reactor, mixing the input FT wax, the hydrogen gas and the hydrogenating catalyst particles together to create a mixture using the mixing subsystem and continuing the mixing until the FT wax has hydrogenated, stopping the mixing to allow the hydrogenation catalyst particles to settle, and removing an hydrogenated FT wax with residual hydrogenating catalyst particles from the low-temperature hydrogenation reactor. The hydrogenated FT wax may be filtered and subjected to vacuum distillation. Other embodiments are also disclosed.