Abstract: A process for controlling hydrocracking reactions in a hydrocracking reactor by passing aqueous ammonia to the hydrocracking reactor. The aqueous ammonia is injected into the process at various locations at a low pressure, typically between approximately 0.17 to approximately 2.07 MPa (25 to 300 psi). A wash fluid can be used to lower the concentration of ammonia in the hydrocracking reactor, and thus, increase the catalytic activity of the hydrocracking catalyst.

Abstract: Processes and systems are provided for reforming and isomerizing hydrocarbons to produce octane upgraded hydrocarbons. The process involves providing a reforming feedstream to a reforming zone containing a reforming catalyst and operating the reforming zone at reforming conditions including reforming pressure in a range of from about 1 to about 18 atmospheres to generate a reforming zone effluent. The reforming zone effluent is separated to form a net gas stream comprising primarily hydrogen and a liquid reforming product stream, and then providing the net gas stream and an isomerization feedstream to an isomerization zone containing an isomerization catalyst. The isomerization zone is operated at an isomerization pressure that is greater than the reforming pressure, to produce an isomerization zone effluent.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a gas-to-liquid (GTL) producing method and system for floating production, storage, and offloading (FPSO). The gas-to-liquid (GTL) producing method for FPSO according to the present invention, which is to produce GTL in FPSO, may include: 1) a pre-treating step of pre-treating natural gas produced at an offshore gas field; 2) a reforming step of reacting the pre-treated natural gas in a presence of a catalyst to produce syngas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide; 3) a synthesis step of supplying the syngas to a Fischer-Tropsch reactor and reacting the syngas to produce liquid hydrocarbon; and 4) an upgrading step of separating the liquid hydrocarbon into gas, naphtha, and syncrude and supplying hydrogen to hydrofinish the liquid hydrocarbon.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process to prepare two or more base oils, which process at least comprises the following steps: (a) providing a paraffmic hydrocarbon feedstock stream; (b) subjecting a paraffmic hydrocarbon feedstock stream provided in step (a) to a hydrocracking/hydroisomerization step to obtain an at least partially isomerised product stream; (c) separating the product stream of step (b), thereby obtaining a lower boiling fraction and a higher boiling fraction; (d) dewaxing the lower boiling fraction of step (c) to obtain a light base oil; and (e) dewaxing the higher boiling fraction of step (c) to obtain a heavy base oil.

Abstract: A process for converting ethane to liquid fuels may involve directing an ethane stream into an ethane cracking unit to produce an intermediate hydrocarbon stream and a raw ethylene stream; fractionating the intermediate hydrocarbon stream into a gasoline fraction and a diesel fraction; introducing the raw ethylene stream into an oligomerization unit; contacting the raw ethylene stream with an oligomerization catalyst to produce a liquid hydrocarbon stream and an off-gas stream; recycling an off-gas recycle stream from an off-gas stream of the oligomerization unit separation unit to an inlet of the oligomerization reactor; introducing at least part of the off-gas stream into a hydrogenation reactor to remove unconverted olefins; separating a hydrogen component and a plurality of light paraffin components in a post hydrogenation reactor separation unit using a PSA technology or membrane technology; and recycling the light paraffins stream into the ethane cracking unit.

Abstract: A fluidized bed biogasifier is provided for gasifying biosolids. The biogasifier includes a reactor vessel and a feeder for feeding biosolids into the reactor vessel at a desired feed rate during steady-state operation of the biogasifier. A fluidized bed in the base of the reactor vessel has a cross-sectional area that is proportional to at least the fuel feed rate such that the superficial velocity of gas is in the range of 0.1 m/s (0.33 ft/s) to 3 m/s (9.84 ft/s). In a method for gasifying biosolids, biosolids are fed into a fluidized bed reactor. Oxidant gases are applied to the fluidized bed reactor to produce a superficial velocity of producer gas in the range of 0.1 m/s (0.33 ft/s) to 3 m/s (9.84 ft/s). The biosolids are heated inside the fluidized bed reactor to a temperature range between 900° F. (482.2° C.) and 1700° F. (926.7° C.) in an oxygen-starved environment having a sub-stoichiometric oxygen level, whereby the biosolids are gasified.

Abstract: A system includes a gasifier configured to gasify a feed to generate syngas. The gasifier comprises a first axis. The system also includes a first gasification reaction zone disposed in the gasifier. The first gasification reaction zone is defined at least partially by a first wall substantially perpendicular to the first axis. The system also includes a first feed injector coupled to the gasifier. The first feed injector is configured to inject the feed into the first gasification reaction zone beneath the first wall in a first direction relative to the first axis.

Abstract: The method serves for cleaning dust-laden synthesis gases (1) which are formed in reactors or shaft furnaces (2) by carbothermal and/or electrothermal processes and which after departing the reactor or the shaft furnace at elevated temperatures are freed from dusty solids (4) via physical separation techniques (3) and are cooled by means of a downstream heat exchanger (5). In order to achieve a combination of long filter service life with effective synthesis gas cleaning, the proposal is that the dust-laden synthesis gas (1) after departing the reactor (2) and before being freed from dusty solids be passed in the presence of steam via a residence section (6), with the difference between the final gas temperature (T3) of the synthesis gas after it has been freed from the dusty solids and cooled and the maximum gas temperature in the residence section (T2) being set to at least 400 K.

Abstract: Improved methods for producing colloidal dispersions of cerium-containing oxide nanoparticles in substantially non-polar solvents are disclosed. The cerium-containing oxide nanoparticles of an aqueous colloid are transferred to a substantially non-polar liquid comprising one or more amphiphilic materials, one or more low-polarity solvents, and, optionally, one or more glycol ether promoter materials. The transfer is achieved by mixing the aqueous and substantially non-polar materials, forming an emulsion, followed by a phase separation into a remnant polar solution phase and a substantially non-polar organic colloid phase. The organic colloid phase is then collected.

Abstract: To provide a coal for a boiler fuel (10) used as a fuel for a coal-fired boiler, the coal for a boiler fuel comprising a reformed coal (10) comprising a raw coal (2) and calcium ion-exchanged on a raw coal (2). The raw coal (2) comprises a lignite or a subbituminous coal, and the amount of calcium is an equimolar amount relative to the molar amount of sulfur contained in the raw coal (2).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and system for reducing the amount of polluting contents in the exhaust gas of liquid fueled combustion engines, characterized in that a water-in-oil-emulsion is prepared and fed to the combustion system, comprising the steps a) injecting an organic oil phase, an emulsifier and an aqueous phase into a first mixing area; b) mixing of the components in order to achieve a High Internal Phase Emulsion (HIPE); c) injecting the High Internal Phase Emulsion (HIPE) of step b) and an additional organic oil phase into a second mixing area; d) mixing the components in order to achieve a homogeneous water-in-oil-emulsion and e) providing the water-in-oil-emulsion to the combustion system.

Abstract: The use as an intake valve deposit clean-up additive in a fuel composition for a port fuel injection spark-ignition internal combustion engine or a fuel injector deposit clean-up additive in a fuel composition for a direct injection spark-ignition internal combustion engine of a combination of: a. at least one hydrocarbyl-substituted aromatic compound; and b. at least one polyalkylene amine.

Abstract: A motor fuel comprising gasoline comprising 70-99 wt % gasoline and 1 to 30 wt % of mesitylene. This fuel can advantageously contain conventional additives used in gasoline. The use of mesitylene in gasoline blend yields a fuel blend with a higher research octane number and motor octane number. In addition, an improved jet fuel is provided, having from 1-10 wt % mesitylene added to the jet fuel, having improved carbon emission characteristics while maintaining required specifications. Further, an improved bio-fuel is provided, which may function as a replacement for conventional Jet A/JP-8 fuel and has lowered carbon emission specifications, the bio-fuel comprised of 75-90 wt % synthetic parafinnic kerosene (SPK) and 10-25 wt % mesitylene.

Abstract: Provided is a refrigerating machine oil which comprises an ester between a polyol consisting of at least one of pentaerythritol and dipentaerythritol represented by formula (I) and 2-propylheptanoic acid, and is characterized in that the refrigerating machine oil can be used in combination with a refrigerant consisting of 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234ze). When the refrigerating machine oil is used in combination with a refrigerant consisting of HFO-1234ze, excellent miscibility with the refrigerant, lubricity, thermal and chemical stability and the like can be achieved.

Abstract: GER fluids are improved by the addition of a polar molecule additive. By addition of a polar molecule additive, yield stresses under electric field are improved by over 50% while the current density is reduced to less than a quarter of the original GER. The reversible response time still remains the same, and the sedimentation stability is greatly enhanced. The zero field viscosity of the modified GER fluid remains the same as that of the original GER fluid without the additive. The improved GER characteristics improve general functionality as an electrical-mechanical interface, attendant with applications to car clutches, fluid brakes, and vehicle shock absorbers.

Abstract: Disclosed is a composition of brake fluid for a vehicle. The composition includes an amount of about 30 to 60 wt % of a boric ester compound; an amount of about 30 to 60 wt % of alkylene glycol alkyl ether; and an amount of about 0.05 to 10 wt % of oil soluble polyalkylene glycol (OSP), based on the total weight of the composition. Accordingly, the OSP-containing composition for brake fluid may decreases a moisture absorption amount of the brake fluid in the air and maintain a high boiling point of the brake fluid for a long period of time, thereby extending a period for changing brake fluid and improving corrosion prevention performance, metal wear prevention performance, and an operation of a master cylinder.

Abstract: The invention provides a lubricating composition containing (a) an oil of lubricating viscosity, (b) a phosphite having at least one hydrocarbyl group that has 4 or more carbon atoms, and (c) a compound derived from a hydroxy-carboxylic acid. The invention further relates to the use of the lubricating composition in an internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A gear oil composition includes base oil including poly-alpha-olefin (PAO) synthetic oil in 70 to 95% by weight and oil-soluble polyalkylene glycol (OSP) synthetic oil in 5 to 30% by weight based on the weight of the base oil. The gear oil further includes a polyalkyl methacrylate-based Viscosity modifer in 5 to 20 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the base oil.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a lubricating composition including at least one base oil, at least one compound including a dithiocarbamate group, at least one compound including a phosphite group, at least one compound including a dithiophosphate group and at least one compound including a thiadiazole group. The lubricating composition simultaneously exhibits good anti-wear properties, extreme-pressure, a low friction coefficient and good anti-seizing properties. The lubricating composition can be used for lubricating transmissions such as gearboxes, axles, preferably manual gearboxes of motor vehicles.

Abstract: Compositions for increasing corn oil recovery and embodiments of methods for using the composition for corn oil separation are described. The composition(s) incorporate an admixture that includes a polymer selected from a polyglycol ester, a polyethyleneoxide-polypropyleneoxide block copolymer, a poloxamine, or a mixture thereof. The methods include admixing the compositions with a process stream for, for example, the extraction of oil from milled corn and residues from a fermentation step, including stillage (e.g., thin stillage or mid stillage), distiller's wet grain, distiller's dry grain and distiller's dry grains with solubles.

Abstract: A novel microcapsule which is endowed for example with reduced leakage of encapsulated materials. The microcapsule contains one or more fragrances and is suitable for inclusion in non-edible consumer goods products, laundry products, personal care products and cosmetic products. The microcapsule can be obtained in an economic and efficient manner by polymerizing an emulsion so that emulsion droplets are encapsulated into a subsequently cured polymeric shell.

Abstract: A novel aqueous dispersion including a plurality of microcapsules and which contains high fragrance loadings. The dispersion is suitable for inclusion into non-edible consumer goods products, laundry products, personal care products and cosmetic products. The dispersion can be obtained in an economic and efficient manner by polymerizing an emulsion so that emulsion droplets are finally encapsulated into polymeric shells.

Abstract: Accordingly, there are provided coated microcapsules including: a microcapsule including a polymeric shell and a liquid core material encapsulated therein; and a metallic coating surrounding said microcapsule, wherein the metallic coating comprises particles of a first metal adsorbed on said polymeric shell and a film of a second metal formed thereon; wherein said particles of the first metal are charge-stabilised nanoparticles; processes for preparing the coated microcapsules, as well as formulations related thereto are also included.

Abstract: Accordingly, there are provided coated microcapsules including: a microcapsule including a polymeric shell and a liquid core material encapsulated therein; and a metallic coating surrounding said microcapsule, wherein the metallic coating includes particles of a first metal adsorbed on said polymeric shell and a film of a second metal formed thereon; wherein the particles of the first metal are adsorbed on said polymeric shell by contacting the polymeric shell with a reducing agent and a solution comprising ions of the first metal, thereby reducing said ions and forming particles of the first metal adsorbed on said polymeric shell; method and formulations related thereto are also provided.

Abstract: Accordingly, there are provided coated microcapsules including: a microcapsule including a polymeric shell and a liquid core material encapsulated therein; and a metallic coating surrounding said microcapsule, wherein the metallic coating includes particles of a first metal adsorbed on said polymeric shell and a film of a second metal formed thereon; wherein the particles of the first metal are sterically-stabilised nanoparticles; processes for preparing the coated microcapsules, as well as formulations related thereto are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to free flowing, solid, high active alkyl ether sulfates and process for manufacturing such solid alkyl ether sulfates at processing temperature of 80° C. and above on an industrial scale. The solid alkyl ether sulfates have improved flow properties, improved appearance, and improved solubility.

Abstract: A liquid cleaning composition comprising a soil dispersant and a microcapsule that comprises a cationically charged coating. The composition provides improved delivery efficiency of microcapsules. Also, the use of such a liquid cleaning composition for pretreating a fabric is disclosed.

Abstract: A method is described for washing and cleaning textiles, wherein A) a liquid composition comprising one or more surfactants and one or more enzymes but no bleaching agents is added to the washing liquor comprising water and the textiles to be washed and cleaned and B) 15 to 30 minutes after adding the liquid composition to the washing liquor, one or more bleaching agents are metered into the washing liquor. The method is characterized in particular by an advantageous washing and cleaning power.

Abstract: The efficacy of peroxy compounds such as hydrogen peroxide in bleaching compositions and the like may be enhanced by the presence of manganese carboxylates containing branched chain carboxylate and/or tartrate groups. The invention relates to the activation of peroxy compounds using particular types of manganese carboxylates so as to render such compounds more effective in bleaching stains from substrate surfaces and other such applications.

Abstract: A liquid cleaning composition comprising an amphoteric surfactant and a microcapsule that comprises a cationically charged coating. Also, the use of such a liquid cleaning composition for pretreating a fabric is disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a multi-compartment laundry detergent water-soluble pouch, wherein the pouch comprises a first compartment and a second compartment, wherein the first compartment comprises a benefit delivery composition, wherein the second compartment comprises a detergent ingredient, wherein the benefit delivery composition comprises a lamellar phase composition and a viscous hydrophobic ingredient, wherein the lamellar phase composition comprises a mixture of surfactant and fatty amphiphile in lamellar phase, wherein the viscous hydrophobic ingredient comprises silicone and/or petrolatum.

Abstract: A container for a fabric treatment composition having: (a) a container floor extending to a floor boundary; (b) a sump adjacent to at least a portion of the container floor, wherein a portion of the container floor adjacent the sump has a container floor elevation head, wherein the sump has a sump elevation head less than the container floor elevation head adjacent the sump, at least a portion of the sump being located on a longitudinal axis of the container; (c) a peripheral wall extending from the container floor; and (e) a needle piercable membrane operatively engaged with the peripheral wall to define an interior volume, wherein the interior volume contains between about 10 mL and about 100 mL a liquid fabric treatment composition.

Abstract: In a method for treating a hop product exhibiting a moisture in excess of 18% GG water content, the hop product is sterilized in an airtight container, and stored in an airtight packaging.

Abstract: To provide a malt fermented beverage having refreshing finish, namely clear taste while ensuring robust feel by making use proportion of malt in starting materials high. Provided is a malt fermented beverage which includes an alcohol-containing material obtained by fermentation using wheat or barley as a part of starting material, serving as a component A; and an alcohol-containing distillate obtained by distilling an alcohol-containing material at least partly made of wheat or barley, serving as a component B; and is produced by adding the component B to the component A. Preferably, the component A is beer, and the component B is mugi shochu.

Abstract: A photobioreactor is provided for culturing phototrophic microorganisms comprising a plurality of reaction chambers composed of a translucent, pliable, water-impermeable material, each of the reaction chambers being an elongate sleeve capable of holding a culture medium, and a modular support structure comprising a framework defining first and second sides and a first and second end, and configured to support a plurality of horizontally oriented, vertically spaced shelves, each of the shelves extending from the first to the second side of the framework and having disposed thereon one of the plurality of reaction chambers. The design of the photobioreactor is modular, which can be expanded as needed, while maintaining the ratio of a high density of reaction chambers-to-small external footprint. The bioreactor can be used to grow single-celled micro-organisms and other small multi-cellular organisms.

Abstract: A bioreactor system for growing a photosynthetic culture includes a vessel containing an aqueous liquid and a lighting system to irradiate the photosynthetic culture. The lighting system includes at least one lighting panel.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are capillary fabrication devices comprising living cells within a support medium. Culture of the cells produces viable lumenized capillary networks with natural or pre-determined geometries and ECM and basement membrane associated with the capillary networks. The capillary networks and the ECM and basement membrane detachable from the capillary networks are useful for tissue engineering applications.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel method for cultivating micro-organisms by confinement in micro-bioreactors. Said method comprises using a capillary tube in which a carrier fluid for moving a train of droplets forward flows, said capillary tube comprising micro-bioreactors in which the culture of said micro-organisms takes place, wherein said micro-bioreactors are separated by a spacing fluid which is a gas. The diameter of the micro-bioreactors (5) is smaller than that of the capillary tube (8) and the size of the bubble (6) of said spacing fluid is within a range of two to ten times the diameter of said capillary tube (8). The method can be used for cultivating micro-organisms such as thread-like fungi or planktonic algae.

Abstract: Provided is a culturing method capable of causing a three-dimensional aggregate in which cell function is similar to in vivo function to adhere to a culturing vessel while improving permeability of nutrients, oxygen, drugs and reagents from the culture medium and maintaining cell function. By sowing isolated cells in a culturing vessel, and after the cells have settled on the culturing surface, administering microscaffold particles that are cell-adhesive and substance-permeable onto the cells, it is possible to cause the cells to adhere to the culturing vessel while forming cell aggregates that encompass the particles. For example, cell aggregates encompassing the particles are formed by administering gelatin particles in which the size of the culture carrier to be encompassed in the cell aggregate is at least ? of the cell diameter at a cell number:particle number of at least 80:1 with respect to the number of cultured cells per unit culturing area.

Abstract: The current is directed to a device comprising, a reaction chamber where a reaction takes place, one or more feeding chambers which contain feeding solution comprising chemicals required for the reaction, and one or more porous membranes separating the reaction chamber from the one or more feeding chambers, and wherein the one or more porous membranes are in substantially vertical position. The current invention is also directed to an apparatus comprising a plurality of devices, wherein each device comprises of a reaction chamber where a reaction takes place, one or more feeding chambers which contain feeding solution comprising chemicals required for the reaction, and one or more porous membranes which separate the reaction chamber from feeding chambers, wherein the one or more porous membranes are in substantially vertical position. These devices and apparatuses can be used for high throughput synthesis of biomolecules and chemicals and biological screening assays.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method that can accelerate reproduction of odor from an air-conditioner by segmenting microorganisms, a temperature/humidity condition and nutrients for metabolism of the microorganisms as conditions for reproducing the odor from the air-conditioner and setting the segmented microorganisms, a temperature/humidity condition and nutrients for metabolism of the microorganisms according to an accelerated condition thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and device to adjust the concentration of at least two gasses in a fluid. The method comprises the steps of a) adjusting the concentration of a first gas in the fluid by a means for adjusting a first gas concentration, and b) adjusting the concentration of a second gas in the fluid by a means for adjusting a second gas concentration, wherein the means for adjusting the concentration of the first gas and the means for adjusting the concentration of the second gas are separate from each other.

Abstract: In a method for producing a cell concentrate using a cell suspension treatment system including a storage container of a cell suspension, which has a solution inlet port, a circulation outlet port, and a circulation inlet port, a cell suspension treatment device for concentrating the cell suspension by separating liquid from the cell suspension by filtration, the device including a container having a cell suspension introduction port, a cell suspension lead-out port, and a filtrate outlet, which is filled with a hollow fiber separation membrane, a circulation circuit for concentrating the cell suspension while circulating the cell suspension between the storage container and the cell suspension treatment device, a collection container of a cell concentrate obtained by concentration, a collection path for feeding the cell concentrate to the collection container, an injection path for injecting a solution into the solution inlet port of the storage container, and a detecting unit.

Abstract: An integrated system for the cultivation of algae or plants and the production of electric energy, comprising:—at least one luminescent solar concentrator (LSC) in which at least one photovoltaic cell (or solar cell) is positioned on at least one of its outer sides;—at least one cultivation area.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for separation of rare cells of interest from a biological sample are provided. The present methods and apparatus effectively reduce fragile rare cell exposure to manipulations that adversely impact cell integrity and collection.

Abstract: The invention is an adherend recovery method capable of recovering adherends such as cells no matter the types of adherends. An adherend recovery method for recovering an adherend from a support includes exposing a stack disposed on the support, the stack including a photosensitive gas generation layer, an adhesive layer and the adherend in this order on the support, generating a gas from the photosensitive gas generation layer by the exposure to separate the support and the stack from each other by the action of the gas, and recovering the adherend from the support by recovering the stack separated.

Abstract: A hierarchy of endothelial colony forming cells (EPCs) was identified from mammalian cord blood, umbilical vein and aorta. A newly isolated cell named high proliferative potential-endothelial colony forming cell (HPP-ECFC) was isolated and characterized. Single cell assays were developed that test the proliferative and clonogenic potential of endothelial cells derived from cord blood, or from HUVECs and HAECs. EPCs were found to reside in vessel walls. Use of a feeder layer of cells derived from high proliferative potential-endothelial colony forming cells (HPP-ECPCS) from human umbilical cord blood, stimulates growth and survival of repopulating hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Stimulation of growth and survival was determined by increased numbers of progenitor cells in in vitro cultures and increased levels of human cell engraftment in the NOD/SCID immunodeficient mouse transplant system.

Abstract: Methods of tissue preparation for the transformation of sugar cane are provided. The methods comprise a pre-culture treatment of sugar cane embryogenic tissue prior to transformation. The methods comprise excising a segment of plant tissue from a shoot of sugar cane; culturing said segment to produce sugar cane embryogenic tissues; performing a pre-culturing treatment by sub-culturing responding embryogenic tissue on fresh media for a period of time of at least 7 days, in the same media; and with no intervening step and no changes of media, performing transformation of embryogenic tissue. Transformation can be performed via Agrobacterium-mediated gene delivery, biolistic transformation, and the like. Transgenic plants are regenerated from plantlets grown under conditions favoring growth of transformed cells while substantially inhibiting growth of non-transformed cells.

Abstract: The invention is directed to in vitro methods of inducing differentiation of anterior foregut endoderm and the enriched populations of anterior foregut endoderm produced by such methods. Such enriched populations are useful for studies of the molecular events that occur during differentiation and for generating cells for cell replacement therapy.

Abstract: New cell lines designated as Hepa-SC and Hepa-RP, originating from human hepatoma line HEPARG® are disclosed. Methods of inducing stemness in parental cells lines using mechano-transduction techniques, and redirecting stem-like cells to reprogrammed cells of a target differentiated population are also described.