Abstract: A method and system for optically inspecting a manufactured part at a single inspection station having a measurement axis are provided. The system comprises a fixture assembly which includes a rotatable first fixturing component to support a part in a generally vertical orientation and a rotatable second fixturing component mating with and removably connected to the first fixturing component to transmit torque from the first fixturing component to the second fixturing component. The second fixturing component includes a device for holding the part in a generally horizontal orientation and to permit rotation of the horizontally held part about the measurement axis between first and second predetermined angular positions about the axis. The system also comprises an actuator assembly, a backside illumination assembly, a frontside illumination device, a lens and detector assembly and at least one processor to process electrical signals generated by the lens and detector assembly.

Abstract: A bioremediation device (10) for degrading hydrocarbons on components, the bioremediation device having a housing (18), a basin (28) partially seating within the housing with the basin (28) including an upper condensation chamber (39) to permit vapour from a lower basin portion (35) to enter and to condense to be returned to the lower basin portion (37). A control module (46) is immersed in the lower basin portion (37) and has a heater (52), a pump (56,76), a filter (74) and a valve (58) for directing fluid either to the filter (74) or to an aeration device (44).

Abstract: The present invention is a pressure wash system for applying pressurized water to the interior of a mix drum, for example a concrete mix drum. The invention includes a support frame for supporting a boom, a boom centering tube that is horizontally adjustable for centering the boom, a boom mount tube and a controller having a plurality of inputs and outputs for controlling the vertical adjustment of the boom, the horizontal adjustment of said centering tube, and the extension and retraction of the boom into the interior of said mix drum.

Abstract: In a method of cleaning and sterilizing an ultrapure water manufacturing system including an ultrapure water manufacturing apparatus, a point of use of ultrapure water, and an ultrapure water channel connecting the ultrapure water manufacturing apparatus and the point of use, a cleaning and sterilizing process including an alkali cleaning step for cleaning at least part of the inside of the system with alkaline solution and a sterilizing step for sterilizing the system with sterile water after the alkali cleaning is treated twice or more. By treating the cleaning and sterilizing process twice or more, metals, organic substances, particles, and bacteria inside the ultrapure water manufacturing system can be highly efficiently removed, and thereby ultrapure water satisfying required water quality can be produced within a short period of time after the cleaning and sterilizing.

Abstract: Contaminant which sticks to an outer pod which is exposed to the outside air is prevented from contaminating an inner pod and the two can be cleaned so the cleaning precision can be improved. A substrate case C which is provided with an inner pod N which holds a substrate at the inside and an outer pod M which holds the inner pod N at the inside is cleaned in a state with no substrate. A booth 10 which forms a clean space is provided. Inside the booth 1, a first cleaning tank 40 which cleans the parts of the outer base Mb and outer shell Ms of the outer pod M in a separated state and a second cleaning tank 50 which holds and cleans the parts of the inner base Nb and inner shell Ns of the inner pod N in a separated state are provided. A conveyance mechanism is provided with conveys these parts to the corresponding first cleaning tank 40 and second cleaning tank 50.

Abstract: Parts of a substrate case can be separated and cleaned inside a tank body while making the cleaning solution evenly reach it. A substrate case C which is provided with a base Mb and shell Ms and holds a substrate inside is cleaned in a state with no substrate.

Abstract: A megasonic cleaning method and a megasonic cleaning apparatus are provided. Microcavitation bubbles may be formed by applying an electromotive force to a cleaning solution using a megasonic energy in a separate room from an object to be cleaned. The microcavitation bubbles having a stable oscillation among the formed microcavitation bubbles may be moved to the object to be cleaned. A surface of the object to be cleaned may be cleaned using the microcavitation bubbles having the stable oscillation. Particles attached onto the surface of the object to be cleaned may be effectively removed while preventing pattern damage.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method and system of processing and removing hydrocarbon sludge from a tank wherein the hydrocarbon sludges are the product of gravity settling in the bottom of the tank to form a sludge consisting of inorganic and organic materials not readily flowable or pumpable for removal in the found state and where a process is used to selectively separate, grind, disperse and suspend these materials with a mechanical classifier system, and where flow agents may be metered to effect a slurry stream directed thru a nozzle system towards the sludge in the tank and by reducing the surface tension and mechanical conditioning of the sludge, create a pumpable slurry that may be removed from the tank with minimal time, cost and environmental impact.

Abstract: Movement from a carrying table to a support table can be prevented from becoming complicated and made simpler and positioning on the support table can be easily performed.

Abstract: A processing container (100) is provided for processing waste material. The processing container has a housing (150) and a processing zone (152) in said housing for containing waste material to be processed. The housing (150) has a portion (154) directed inwardly of said container to form an opening (160) for the charging and discharging of said processing container. The processing container is rotatable about its axis in a first direction to enable charging of said container through said opening and in a second opposite direction to enable discharging of said container through said opening. The processing chamber is used in an apparatus (10) for processing waste material. The apparatus also includes an oven (12) that contains the processing chamber (14); a gas inlet (200) for introducing said hot gasses into the oven; and a gas outlet (202) for extracting gas from said oven. The processing container (100) is mounted for rotation in said oven.

Abstract: Contaminated soil can be in-situ cleaned without an excavation process. Heated gas can be injected to the contaminated soil to heat the soil for vaporizing the contaminants. Vacuum extraction can be used for extracting the volatile contaminants. Cool air can be injected to the cleaned soil to prevent total organic carbon degradation.

Abstract: A stainless steel plate is manufactured by performing temper rolling using a dull roller after the finish cold rolling and bright annealing. The stainless steel plate has an arithmetic mean roughness Ra of 0.2 to 1.2 ?m in a direction perpendicular to the rolling direction of the steel plate surface. Furthermore, the stainless steel plate has a transfer ratio of 15 to 70% which is an area ratio of a portion onto which a dull pattern is transferred relative to the steel plate surface. In addition, the micro-pits being formed in the steel plate surface, having a depth of 0.5 ?m or more, and having an opening area of 10 ?m2 or more, have an existing density in the steel plate surface of 10.0 or less per 0.01 mm2, and an opening area ratio in the steel plate surface of 1.0% or less.

Abstract: A method and tool for calibrating an extruded tube for use in a manufacturing operation. According to the method, the tube is stretched while in a clamping tool by approximately 3%. The tool encloses the tube while a stretching mechanism is clamped to opposite longitudinal ends of the tube and applies a stretching force to opposite ends of the tube. The tool includes a clamping mechanism that clamps the tube into a cavity and a stretching mechanism with clamps that are attached to opposite longitudinal ends of the tube to calibrate the tube by longitudinally stretching the tube.

Abstract: A reshaping device for reshaping a workpiece, includes a worktable, a reshaping assembly, a measuring unit, a positioning assembly, and a controller electrically connected to the reshaping assembly, the measuring unit, and the positioning assembly. The positioning assembly includes a pair of positioning subassemblies and a movable supporting subassembly. Each positioning subassembly comprises a supporting bracket and two positioning members, the two supporting brackets are distributed on the worktable, spaced from each other, for holding the workpiece. The movable supporting subassembly comprises two transmission members and two driving members. The two transmission members are stacked on top of each other and disposed on the worktable. The two driving members are respectively assembled to the two transmission members and drive the two transmission members to slide along different directions, thereby supporting the workpiece. The present disclosure further discloses a positioning assembly.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for controlling flare in roll-forming processes are disclosed. An example method involves predefining a plurality of position values to adjust a tilt angle of a flange roller and adjusting the tilt angle of the flange roller based on one of the pre-defined position values to change an amount of flare in a zone of a component. The one of the pre-defined position values is associated with the zone of the component.

Abstract: A pre-notched drip edge assembly and related method includes a plurality of drip edge sections interconnected end-to-end to form a continuous water barrier along a roof edge. Each drip edge section has a formed one-piece construction with a top flange and a bottom flange having an inverted L-shape with upper and lower legs. The forward edges of the top flange and the upper leg are integrally interconnected along a folded-over nose having a wedge-shape. A pair of notches are formed in the opposite ends of each drip edge section which extend through the upper edge of the lower leg and the forward edges of the upper leg and the top flange to define flat end tab areas that are inserted into the noses of the next adjacent drip edge sections to horizontally and vertically locate the same along the building roof.

Abstract: This disclosure presents a heat exchanger that comprises a header frame having end plates, a plurality of rows of finned hairpins, each extending through a cooling fin and each having ends extending through the end plates, and at least one finless hairpin having ends extending through the end plates. Additionally, a support sheet is coupled to the header frame and at least on finless hairpin extends through the support sheet and is supported thereby. A method of manufacturing the heat exchanger is also presented as well as a heat ventilation air conditioning system in which the heat exchanger may be employed.

Abstract: An induction heating coil manufacturing apparatus includes a winding device that winds a wire around a winding shaft having a quadrangular cross section, and a bending device that bends the wire at a position at which the wire is to be wound around a corner of the winding shaft before the winding device winds the wire at the position around the winding shaft.

Abstract: A method of programming control of a forming machine which has a plurality of controllable machine axes includes displaying an axis selection menu with graphical symbols for machine axes of the forming machine; receiving an input for selection of a machine axis to be programmed; displaying an axial movement menu containing options for the input of movement parameters for definition of a course of movement of the axial movement of the selected machine axis; receiving inputs for definition of movement parameters; displaying an axial movement coordination menu containing options for input of coordination parameters for definition of a coordination of courses of movement of the axial movements of machine axes; receiving inputs for definition of values for coordination parameters.

Abstract: A bead ring winding device includes a traverse mechanism (12) formed of a rotary body (21), a traverse roller (35), and an air cylinder (44). The rotary body (21) is rotatable about a rotary shaft and has an outer circumferential surface provided with an annular winding unit (23) for wire winding. The traverse roller (35) makes a fit to a wire (W) wound by the winding unit (23) to align turns of the wire (W) in juxtaposition in a direction in which the rotary shaft extends. The air cylinder (44) applies biasing force to the traverse roller (35) in a direction in which the wire (W) is pressed. The winding unit (23) has a bottom surface of a tapered shape. The traverse mechanism (12) includes a cam member (63) having a sloping cam surface (63a). The sloping cam surface (63a) guides the traverse roller (35) such that the traverse roller (35) traverses parallel to a tapered surface (24a) of the winding unit (23).

Abstract: An assembly tool includes a head and an actuator system. The head includes a collar swaging tool that is moveable along a first axis substantially perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the assembly tool. A sensor system detects a first position of the head within the confined space, and a second position of the collar swaging tool relative to the target object. The actuator system positions the head within the confined space, and the collar swaging tool relative to the target object.

Abstract: The present invention provides a hydro-pneumatically operated fastener installation tool (2), including a head (4) having hydraulically driven gripping and pulling means for gripping and pulling the stem of a fastener, thereby to install the fastener, and a hydraulic inlet port (6) provided in the head (4) for supplying hydraulic fluid to a cylinder (8) to drive the gripping and pulling means, wherein the cross-sectional shape of the hydraulic inlet port (6) is non-circular, such that a cross section of the inlet port (6) has a longitudinal axis and lateral axis, wherein the longitudinal axis runs widthways across the tool head (4).

Abstract: A die cast part of a die casting mold having at least one first component comprising a pressure zone, at least one second component and at least one heat exchange chamber permeated by a fluid and formed by the components for controlling the temperature of the pressure zone. The first component comprises a heat transfer surface integral to at least one wall of the heat exchange chamber and thermally associated with the pressure zone, and the pressure zone bounds at least one region of the gate region. The second component comprises at least one fluid guiding protrusion protruding into the heat transfer chamber and/or a fluid guiding recess open toward the first component. The fluid guiding recess forms at least one portion of the heat exchange chamber and/or the fluid guiding protrusion and/or the fluid guiding recess forms a flow contour surface of the second component in particular adapted to the curve of the heat transfer surface.

Abstract: In a vacuum-die casting machine comprising a casting mold having stationary and movable mold halves defining therebetween a mold cavity, a casting chamber which is in communication with the mold cavity and includes a piston and an evacuation arrangement connectable to the casting chamber for drawing melt from a melt storage into the casting chamber, a control arrangement is provided for controlling the mold cavity pressure depending on the pressure difference between the mold cavity and a cavity pressure and a counter pressure of the metal melt.

Abstract: A metallic housing of an electronic device, includes a metallic outer frame and an inner structural member. The metallic outer frame comprises a plurality of latching portions protruding, and a plurality of latching grooves. The inner structural member is made from metal-alloy and embedded in the outer frame by die-casting. The inner structural member comprises a peripheral sidewall, a plurality of engaging portions, and a plurality of matching portions. The plurality of engaging portions and the plurality of matching portions protrude from the peripheral sidewall outwardly. Each latching portion comprises at least two parallel latching ribs, and forms a receiving groove between two adjacent latching ribs. The plurality of engaging portions is respectively embedded in the plurality of receiving grooves, and the plurality of matching portions is respectively embedded in the plurality of latching grooves. The present disclosure further provides a manufacturing method for the metallic housing.

Abstract: Apparatus, methods and systems for nano/micro machining. A lathe head has a microscopic pivot aperture for seating a conical tip. The conical tip is carried on a turnable part at one end thereof and is polished down to a microscopic apex. The microscopic pivot aperture is dimensioned for seating the concentric tip in the pivot aperture such that an apex of the conical tip protrudes through and beyond the aperture to a position in close proximity with the aperture. A driver system can comprise a rotator for axially rotating the turnable part, including the conical tip seated in the pivot aperture, and a forward pressure applicator for concurrently applying forward pressure to the conical tip in the direction of the pivot aperture. A light/particle beam system can be utilized to machine the rotating conical tip and the rotating turnable part, including the tip, can be easily removed after machining.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a quadrangular indexable drill insert comprising a substantially flat top surface and bottom surface, a side surface adjoining the top and bottom surfaces; four identical cutting edges formed at intersection of side surface and top surface, each cutting edge comprising, a concave curved part edge of predetermined radius at corner of the insert; a first part edge oriented towards axis of drill body and is having negative slope, said first part edge is connected to the concave curved part edge through a nose portion; a second part edge connected to first part edge through a transitional edge, said second part edge is tangentially oriented to an imaginary inscribed circle; a third part edge connected to the second part edge through a transitional edge, and a nose portion of adjoining the third part edge with concave curved part edge of succeeding cutting edge.

Abstract: A rotary chuck includes a housing for rotation about an axis, keyways in the housing which extend radially away from the axis, jaw assemblies slidably received in the keyways and an actuating mechanism as well as a speed ring for moving the jaw assemblies along the keyways in accordance with different gear ratios. Each jaw assembly includes an inner jaw keyed to the associated keyway adjacent to the bottom thereof and an outer jaw keyed to the associated keyway near a mouth thereof so that the jaws can slide independently along their respective keyways. Each jaw assembly also has a locking device for locking its jaws together when they are opposite one another to prevent their relative radial movement and means enabling release of the locking device from the outside to permit ready removal of the outer jaw from its keyway.

Abstract: A drilling system may include a plurality of robotic drilling units. Each one of the robotic drilling units may include a drill end effector positioned inside a barrel section. The barrel section may be configured as a composite sandwich structure having an inner face sheet. The robotic drilling units maybe operable in synchronized movement with one another to drill a plurality of perforations into the inner face sheet using the drill end effectors in a manner providing a predetermined percent-open-area of the inner face sheet.

Abstract: An adjustable doweling jig is provided. The adjustable doweling jig has a pair of bore guide carriers that are symmetrically and simultaneously adjustable relative to a base structure of the doweling jig. The bore guide carriers carry a plurality of bore guides such that dowel holes can be placed using the bore guides at a broad range of locations, limited only by the size of the jig.

Abstract: A bit exchangeable drill includes a detachable cutting head at the tip of a drill body, and the cutting head includes a cutting edge extending linearly from a rotation center to a radial outer end in axial end view, and a helical flute. At a rake face continuous with the cutting edge, a thinning face inclined relative to the rotation axis and rendering an axial rake angle of the cutting edge negative is formed entirely from a radial inner end to a radial outer end of the cutting edge.

Abstract: A milling tool for use with a rotary drive mechanism. The tool includes a cylindrical torque transmission shaft, a cylindrical sleeve which receives the torque transmission shaft therein, and a hood for attaching to the sleeve member, where the torque transmission shaft is rotatably supported in the sleeve. The tool also includes a hood having a cylindrical body portion, a transverse flange and a C-shaped collar attached to and extending outwardly from an outer edge of the flange. The tool also includes a fence which is adjustably attached to the hood, and a cutting wheel including a rotatable disc and a plurality of cutting bits respectively mounted on the disc. The cutting wheel is disposed inside the collar and proximate the fence, and is affixed to an end of the torque transmission shaft for concurrent rotation therewith. Methods of using the milling tool for machining weld seams are also described.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for precision machining of crankshafts or camshafts to final dimensional tolerances Rz<10 ?m, preferably ?5 ?m and concentricity tolerances ?30 ?m, preferably ?6 ?m, which have been machined and at least partially subjected to hardening, wherein after the first machining has been carried out and subsequent hardening to 45 to 60 HRC, preferably 50 to 53 HRC, a final machining is carried out by means of at least one milling tool, wherein it is provided that the final machining is carried out by means of cutting inserts made of coated hard metal. The invention further relates to a milling tool for precision machining of crankshafts or camshafts by carrying out the method of the invention.

Abstract: A cutting insert has cutting edge portions at intersection ridge portions between each of two end surfaces at the opposite side to each other and the peripheral side surface. Both the end surfaces are formed to be plane-symmetrical. In each end surface, long side portions and short side portions are alternately connected through raised corners or lowered corners. Each cutting edge portion is formed in regard to the raised corner, and has a corner cutting edge formed in the raised corner, a major cutting edge connected to the corner cutting edge and extending in the long side portion, and a minor cutting edge connected to the corner cutting edge at the opposite side and extending in the short side portion.

Abstract: A cutting insert has a first cutting edge provided with a chip breaker suitable for cutting an outermost region of a hole. The cutting insert has a substantially polygonal upper face, a substantially polygonal lower face, and a plurality of side faces extending between the upper face and the lower face. The plurality of side faces include a main side face constituting a flank of a linear cutting edge and a sub side face constituting a flank of a corner cutting edge; the main side face has a relief angle of 0°, the sub side face has a relief angle larger than 0°. A second cutting edge is further provided at an intersection portion between the main side face and the lower face.

Abstract: A saw blade including cutting teeth, having at least one of chip-limiters protruding from the teeth or secondary teeth in the gullets of the cutting teeth configured to mitigate the blade from over-feeding. The chip limiters and/or secondary teeth provide that only a limited portion of an object that the saw blade encounters during cutting falls below the cutting tips of the cutting teeth. The chip limiters and/or secondary teeth also assist the cutting teeth in cutting.

Abstract: A powered threading machine is described. The threading machine is compact and portable. The threading machine includes a tube frame having a rearward wheel assembly and an extendable handle at the front of the machine. A particular sump configuration is used to prevent loss of cutting oil during operation and transport of the machine.

Abstract: An electric discharge machine performs a hole machining on a workpiece by applying a voltage between an electrode and the workpiece to generate an electric discharge therebetween and moving the electrode to a position of a command depth. The electric discharge machine comprises: a storage unit; a current-coordinate detection unit; an electric-discharge-voltage detection unit a penetration detection unit; and a calculation unit. The storage unit stores therein a penetration determination voltage, a penetration determining duration, and a first projecting amount. The current-coordinate detection unit detects a current position of the electrode. The electric-discharge-voltage detection unit detects a minimum voltage of the electric discharge for each predetermined period. The penetration detection unit determines the electrode has penetrated through the workpiece.

Abstract: A wire electric discharge machine corrects a machining route according to an angle between two moving blocks that form a corner portion. A correction distance and a return distance are computed based on a detected corner angle. The correction is implemented so that an end point of a block to be machined first is extended according to the correction distance, and a portion extending from a start point of a block to be machined subsequently to an intermediate point of this block is removed according to the return distance. A machining route is created so that the end point of the new block created by the extension is connected to the start point of the other block created by the removal, and the wire electrode is moved along the machining route relative to a workpiece.

Abstract: A wave soldering machine includes a housing and a conveyor coupled to the housing. The conveyor is configured to deliver a printed circuit board through the housing. The wave soldering machine further includes a wave soldering station coupled to the housing. The wave soldering station includes a reservoir of solder material, and a wave solder nozzle system adapted to create a solder wave. The wave solder nozzle system has a nozzle frame, and a nozzle plate secured to the nozzle frame. The nozzle plate includes a first zone of openings positioned adjacent a leading edge of the nozzle plate, a second zone of openings positioned proximate a middle of the nozzle plate, and a third zone having no openings positioned adjacent a trailing edge of the nozzle plate.

Abstract: A brazing system has a first gas source, a second gas source, an enclosure, a brazing torch, and a control system configured to control a ratio of the first gas source and the second gas source.

Abstract: A mobile cutting system includes a vehicle including a vehicle body and a drive system, a cutter attached to the vehicle body, and a controller in communication with the drive system, the cutter and the base station. The base station includes a post extending perpendicular to a surface, one or more fluid sources each storing a corresponding fluid used by the cutter to cut, and a reel attached proximate to a distal end of the post. The system further includes one or more feed lines each providing fluid communication between the cutter and corresponding ones of the fluid sources. Each feed line is received by the reel and suspended above the surface between the reel and the vehicle. The reel is configured to enable the feed lines to release as the vehicle maneuvers away from the base station or retract as the vehicle maneuvers toward the base station.

Abstract: An electrode extension guide for use with welding systems is provided. This electrode extension guide includes a barrel adapted to be connected to a contact tip, wherein the barrel has a predetermined length, a predetermined outer diameter, a predetermined inner diameter, and a plurality of apertures formed therein, wherein each aperture extends from the outer diameter through to the inner diameter of the barrel, and wherein the inner diameter further defines a channel passing lengthwise through the barrel; a plurality of bearings, wherein each bearing is inserted into one of the apertures formed in the barrel such that the bearing extends a predetermined distance into the channel, and wherein each bearing is electrically non-conductive; and a sleeve disposed around the outer diameter of the barrel along the length thereof, wherein the sleeve is operative to retain the bearings within the apertures at the outer diameter of the barrel.

Abstract: A coating removal apparatus removes a coating from a surface. The apparatus has a movable scanning head and scanning optics. The scanning head is movable in one dimension, and the scanning optics adjust in two dimensions to compensate for movement of the scanning head to implement long range scanning with a uniform scanning pattern. Further, a surface roughness is determined by measuring specular and scattered reflections at various angles. For composite surfaces, the apparatus utilizes UV laser radiation and a controlled atmosphere to remove coating and alter the chemical characteristics at the surface.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device (and a corresponding method) for the interference structuring of a planar sample, comprising a laser, a focusing element, which is arranged in the beam path of the laser and by means of which the laser radiation can be focused in a first spatial direction, a first prism, in particular a biprism, which is arranged in the beam path of the laser and by means of which the laser radiation can be directed at a sample volume in a second spatial direction preferably perpendicular to the first spatial direction by means of two beams, in such a way that the two beams interfere within the sample volume in an interference area, the sample volume, in which the planar sample is or can be placed in the interference area, and a moving unit, by means of which the beam(s) of the laser radiation can be moved in the first, the second, or the first and second spatial directions and/or by means of which a/the sample can be moved in the sample volume in the first, the second, or the first and secon

Abstract: A battery case of a rectangular battery includes a lid member welded to an opening portion in a main body member. Each opening rounded portion of the opening portion has, in the circumferential direction, a support projecting portion which projects inward over the entire opening rounded portion and which supports the lid member. Meanwhile, in the circumferential direction along an entire opening short side portion, the opening short side portion has a low projecting portion which projects inward at a position lower than the support projecting portion in the depth direction of the main body member.

Abstract: A method for repairing a multi-valve cylinder head, having a fuel injector or spark plug, or pre-chamber opening near the valve openings, that provides an insert with structural integrity that is capable of providing for both a repair for the crack and injector sleeve functionality in the finish-machined cylinder head. The present invention overcomes the consequences and structural limitations typically confronting larger diameter configurations while providing for a reliable sealing approach.

Abstract: A process including brazing a first plate-like member formed from a heat-resistant alloy, and a second plate-like member formed from a heat-resistant alloy and having fins on the surface, with the fins facing the first plate-like member, by interposing a brazing filler metal comprising a melting point lowering element between the two plate-like members, molding the plate-like assembly to form a combustor structural member, identifying, in accordance with the shape of the combustor structural member, strain locations where the strain generated during the press molding step exceeds a predetermined value, performing localized heating of the locations within the plate-like assembly corresponding with the strain locations identified, and as the above press molding step subjecting the plate-like assembly to cold press molding with the temperature of the heated locations corresponding with the strain locations maintained at a desired temperature.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a piston can prevent casting defects such as oxide inclusions or shrinkage cavities on the surface of a combustion chamber over a piston head after casting. The method includes casting a head top having a bowl by pouring a first molten metallic material into a first mold with a bonding portion of the head top to be formed at an upper portion in the first mold and a first riser on the bonding portion of the head top, casting the body by pouring a second molten metallic material into a second mold, with a bonding portion of the body to be formed at an upper portion in the second mold and a second riser on the bonding portion of the body, removing the risers from the head top and the body, and integrally bonding the head top and the body to form the piston.

Abstract: In judging loosening of a crew, a measuring section measures a position of a bit as a relative position in relation to a placement surface of a screw supplying device when the screw is acquired from the screw supplying device. The measuring section also measures the position of the bit as a relative position in relation to a workpiece surface when fastening of the screw onto a workpiece has been completed. A judging section judges that screw loosening has not occurred when, based on the first and second bit positions, a difference between the first and second bit positions falls within an allowable range. The judging section judges that screw loosening has occurred when the difference does not fall within the allowable range.