Abstract: The sheet feeding apparatus includes a sheet tray on which sheets are stacked, a feeding roller which contacts a top sheet on the sheet tray and feeds the sheet in a sheet feeding direction, and a pair of intermediate conveying rollers which receives the fed sheet and conveys the sheet in a sheet conveying direction. The sheet feeding apparatus further includes a fixed slope portion, a sheet separation member, and an opposite member. The fixed slope portion includes a separation slope which is inclined in downstream of the sheet feeding direction as it is closer to the pair of intermediate conveying rollers, so as to abut against the sheet fed by the feeding roller and separate the sheet one by one. The sheet separation member and the opposite member have a separation nip portion which separates the sheet having passed through the separation slope one by one.

Abstract: A sheet processing apparatus including: a supporting section over which a sheet is hung to be supported from below, the sheet being folded in a mountain shape with a folding line formed at a central portion; a conveyance section which conveys the sheet supported by the supporting section in a direction orthogonal to the folding line in a horizontal plane including the folding line; a control section which controls a sheet conveyance operation by the conveyance section; a first pressing section which presses the folding line of the sheet supported by the supporting section from above; and a second pressing section which presses the sheet from a rear side in an advancing direction when the conveyance section conveys the sheet.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a horizontal strip accumulator in a continuous processing strip line, comprising a looping carriage riding on a pair of external rails (6) and a plurality of adjacent strip supporting roll carriages (1) riding on the same external rails (6) to support the strip (10) between the looping carriage and a strip feeding location, wherein the strip supporting carriages (1) have a horizontal triangular lower part (2) and a vertical framework (3), the triangular lower part (2) having an open transverse base (15) opposite to an apex (14), to allow the telescoping of the strip supporting carriages (1) in the internal triangular space between the open base (15) and the two other triangular sides rejoining at the opposite apex (14).

Abstract: In an image forming apparatus, a discharge roller discharges a sheet conveyed by a first conveying path. The discharge roller switches between: a mode of conveying a sheet in a sheet discharging direction to discharge a sheet; and a mode of reversing a direction of conveying a sheet from the sheet discharging direction and feeding a sheet to a re-conveying path. A pivot plate at an open position constitutes a second conveying path. The pivot plate at a closed position closes the second conveying path. The pivot plate is provided with a penetrating portion penetrating the pivot plate over an entire thickness of the pivot plate. The penetrating portion constitutes part of the re-conveying path when the pivot plate is disposed at the closed position. Part of the pivot plate is exposed outside the housing.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for implementing an auger-based transport device as a vertical compiler in an image forming system. The auger-based transport device includes a plurality of mechanical augers for vertical transport of image receiving media substrates, or sets of substrates in a controlled manner. The disclosed auger-type drive systems leverage comparatively simpler mechanical operations to provide a plurality of auger devices that simplify the motions and mechanisms of the component elements in a vertical transport path in a manner that maintains positive control of each set of image receiving media substrates in a manner that does not disturb the sets as they are lowered vertically, eliminating errors introduced by random dropping of substrates in conventional vertical image receiving media substrate handling mechanisms. The auger components are not particularly limited in number, in pitch (constant or variable), in diameter and/or in use/function.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide new and improved folding apparatuses and methods for interfolding a continuous stream of sheets into a single-fold interfolded pattern of sheets while passing all of the sheets substantially along a single sheet path. More particularly, all sheets in the continuous stream of sheets pass through the nips between adjacent components.

Abstract: An elevator safety system including a controller, and a hoistway safety node arranged at a pit portion of an elevator hoistway. The hoistway node is operatively connected to one of a pit safety device and a lower hoistway device arranged at the elevator pit. A first bus links the hoistway node and the controller. The first bus passes communication signals directly from the hoistway node to the controller. A car node is arranged in an elevator car. The car node is operatively connected to a car safety device arranged at the elevator car. A second bus links the car node and the controller. The second bus passes communication signals directly from the car node to the controller.

Abstract: An elevator installation comprises a drive frame and a drive unit, wherein a support element couples an elevator cage with a counterweight, wherein a drive roller and a spacer roller are mounted at the drive frame on a mounting device associated therewith, wherein the support element is guided over the spacer roller of the drive roller, wherein at least one of the mounting devices is fixable to the drive frame at at least two positions so that a horizontal support element spacing is thereby variable and wherein a portion of the support element between the drive roller and the spacer roller is substantially linear.

Abstract: An exemplary elevator system includes an elevator car. A plurality of belts are situated relative to the elevator car such that movement of the belts for causing movement of the elevator car is approximately four times a corresponding movement of the elevator car. First, second, third and fourth sheaves are supported for vertical movement with the elevator car and rotational movement relative to the elevator car. Each belt has a portion extending across the elevator car between the first and second sheaves that is vertically aligned with another portion of the same belt extending across the elevator car between the third and fourth sheaves.

Abstract: A triangular lift frame may include a first load block, a second load block and a third lift block, each load block including a hoist ring at each end. A first frame member extends between the first and second load blocks; a second frame member extends between the second and third load blocks; and a third frame member extends between the first and third load blocks. The frame members are arranged in a triangular fashion. In one embodiment, the triangular fashion may be such that a load force carried by each respective pair of load blocks is transmitted linearly longitudinally along a respective frame member extending between the respective pair of load blocks.

Abstract: A locking device for supporting members for a mobile machine, which supporting members are arranged on a chassis or load-bearing frame and can be extended, pivoted or telescoped from a retracted transport position into a deployed working position, has a locking bolt which can be displaced between a locked position and an unlocked position in a guide sleeve which is fixed to the frame and is arranged transversely with respect to the pulling-out direction of the supporting member, which locking bolt is prestressed in the direction of the locked position under the action of a spring, has an actuating member which displaces the locking bolt between the locked position and the unlocked position, and has a latching and guiding member for the locking bolt, which latching and guiding member is arranged rigidly on the supporting member, wherein the latching and guiding member has a guiding curve which pushes the locking bolt into a release slope, and wherein the locking bolt can be moved in the release slope automatic

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for erecting a main boom of a truck crane, which at least consists of a telescopic boom, with a fly jib which is braced via bracing trestles and bracing rods, and with a spatial boom bracing. In accordance with the invention, the main boom is braced by means of the spatial bracing before being completely connected with the fly jib.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transporting a pipeline pig provides a housing having an interior. A jacking mechanism is contained within the housing interior. A carriage is supported by the jacking mechanism for movement between an upper extended and a lower retracted position. The carriage has a concave surface that generally cradles a pipeline pig to be transported. A pulling device on the housing enables a pipeline pig to be pulled from a location that is not on the carriage to a position that is on the carriage. The position that is not on the carriage can be for example a pig trap. As part of the method of the present invention, the pulling device pulls the pig from the pig trap or other location to the carriage and then the carriage is retracted into the housing for transport to a remote location.

Abstract: A hand operated forklift with either a cable winch lift assembly or scissor arm lift assembly for lifting pallets and other heavy items. The forklift includes a mast assembly having a mast frame with winch assembly and winch cable mounted thereon. The mast frame is mounted on top of a mast base frame. The frame includes a pair of large front wheels and a pair of large rear pivot wheels. A handle is attached to the rear of the frame for turning the rear wheels and moving the forklift. A fork assembly is mounted on front of the mast assembly and includes a fork frame and two adjustable, “L” shaped lift forks. The forks are used for engaging and lifting pallets. The fork frame is slidably mounted on the mast frame and connected to a lift assembly. The lift assembly is used for raising and lowering the fork frame and forks on the mast frame.

Abstract: A moldable funnel is provided. A plurality of through holes are evenly arranged in a hand-moldable sheet, and at least parts of the through holes are unopened at a perimeter edge of the hand-moldable sheet. The hand-moldable sheet has shape-retention characteristics to retain the moldable funnel in a specific shape into which it is molded. Two covering layers at least cover two corresponding surfaces of the hand-moldable sheet respectively and are connected to each other via at least parts of the through holes. Whereby, the moldable funnel can be molded in a specific shape suitable for a specific space, so as to provide advantageous effects of adding liquid easily, conveniently, safely and rapidly, and the moldable funnel is light in weight, convenient for storage and space-saving.

Abstract: A method and system for managing the dispensing of beverages from an automatic beverage dispensing unit. The beverages may be comprised of a single or multiple ingredients, including a first plurality of liquids, a second plurality of liquids, and/or a combination of one or more first and second plurality of liquids. In addition, garnishes and sides may be included in the beverage. The beverages are dispensed according to a pouring schema. The pouring schema may be a beverage recipe and may be preprogrammed by a system manager, or alternatively, be chosen by a consumer during operation of the system. The first plurality of liquids may include liquors and the second plurality of beverages may include mixers which are mixed with the liquors to create the beverage.

Abstract: A micromechanical component having a sensor chip is described, on and/or in which at least one sensor element is disposed, and a cladding, formed of an injection-molding material, encloses the sensor chip in such a way that at least one partial area of a surface of the sensor chip is covered in airtight fashion by the injection-molding material. At least one channel is formed in the injection-molding material, which takes a course, straight or not straight, from an outer surrounding area of the cladding toward the at least one sensor element of such a length that a change in shape and/or a change in chemical consistency of at least one part of the at least one sensor element is able to be brought about as a function of at least one physical property and/or at least one chemical partial composition of a medium present in the at least one channel.

Abstract: A low-profile packaging structure for a microelectromechanical-system (MEMS) resonator system includes an electrical lead having internal and external electrical contact surfaces at respective first and second heights within a cross-sectional profile of the packaging structure and a die-mounting surface at an intermediate height between the first and second heights. A resonator-control chip is mounted to the die-mounting surface of the electrical lead such that at least a portion of the resonator-control chip is disposed between the first and second heights and wire-bonded to the internal electrical contact surface of the electrical lead.

Abstract: Microstructure plating systems and methods are described herein. One method includes depositing a plating-resistant material between a microstructure and a bonding layer, wherein the microstructure comprises a plating process base material and immersing the microstructure in a plating solution.

Abstract: MEMS devices and methods for forming the same are provided. A first metal interconnect structure is formed on a first semiconductor substrate to connect to a CMOS control circuit in the first semiconductor substrate. A bonding layer having a cavity is formed on the first metal interconnect structure, and then bonded with a second semiconductor substrate. A conductive plug passes through a first region of the second semiconductor substrate, through the bonding layer, and on the first metal interconnect structure. A second metal interconnect structure includes a first end formed on the first region of the second semiconductor substrate, and a second end connected to the conductive plug. Through-holes are disposed through a second region of the second semiconductor substrate and through a top portion of the bonded layer that is on the cavity to leave a movable electrode to form the MEMS device.

Abstract: A silicon etching method of etching a silicon substrate to form silicon trenches having different width dimensions includes: S1, providing a silicon substrate; S2, depositing a mask layer on the silicon substrate; S3, corroding the mask layer to form windows having different width dimensions, wherein a mask layer having a certain thickness is reserved at least at a bottom portion of a window having a non-minimum width dimension, such that all the silicon trenches have the same depth after step S4; and S4, corroding the mask layer at the bottom portion of the window and the silicon substrate to form the silicon trenches. The mask layer having a certain thickness is reserved at the bottom portion of the window having the non-minimum width dimension, a relatively large window is protected, and a relatively small window is etched first, so that the finally obtained silicon trenches have the same depth.

Abstract: A substrate processing method for forming a through-hole in a substrate by reactive ion etching includes preparing a substrate that has a first surface and a second surface and on the first surface side of which a first layer and a second layer are disposed, the second surface being on the opposite side to the first surface, the second layer covering the first layer; and performing reactive ion etching on the substrate from the second surface to form a through-hole extending through the substrate from the first surface to the second surface, the reactive ion etching being performed to reach the first layer. The etching rate of the second layer for the reactive ion etching is lower than that of the first layer.

Abstract: Single source precursors or pre-copolymers of single source precursors are subjected to microwave radiation to form particles of a I-III-VI2 material. Such particles may be formed in a wurtzite phase and may be converted to a chalcopyrite phase by, for example, exposure to heat. The particles in the wurtzite phase may have a substantially hexagonal shape that enables stacking into ordered layers. The particles in the wurtzite phase may be mixed with particles in the chalcopyrite phase (i.e., chalcopyrite nanoparticles) that may fill voids within the ordered layers of the particles in the wurtzite phase thus produce films with good coverage. In some embodiments, the methods are used to form layers of semiconductor materials comprising a I-III-VI2 material. Devices such as, for example, thin-film solar cells may be fabricated using such methods.

Abstract: High efficiency electricity generation processes and systems with substantially zero CO2 emissions are provided. A closed looping between the unit that generates gaseous fuel (H2, CO, etc) and the fuel cell anode side is formed. In certain embodiments, the heat and exhaust oxygen containing gas from the fuel cell cathode side are also utilized for the gaseous fuel generation. The resulting power generation efficiencies are improved due to the minimized steam consumption for the gaseous fuel production in the fuel cell anode loop as well as the strategic mass and energy integration schemes.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide systems and methods for efficiently producing both a low-pressure ozone stream and high-pressure oxygen stream using a single air separation unit. The low-pressure ozone stream and high-pressure oxygen stream can be produced with significant energy savings and can be used in variety of applications, including the extraction of precious metals from ore with aqueous oxidation reactors and high-pressure oxidation reactors.

Abstract: A system including: an ozone generating device including discharge electrodes forming a discharge space; a gas supplying device; a power source device that supplies power to the discharge electrodes; a temperature adjustment device that adjusts temperature of the discharge electrodes; a control unit that controls the ozone generating device; and a detection unit that detects an ozone generation parameter in the ozone generating device. The control unit increases temperature of the discharge electrodes up to a vaporizing temperature of dinitrogen pentoxide by controlling the temperature adjustment device and the gas supplying device or the temperature adjustment device and the power source device, based on the output ozone generation parameter, to thereby switch operation from a normal operation mode to a cleaning operation mode in which surfaces of the discharge electrodes and the discharge space are cleaned up while continuing generation of ozone in the discharge space.

Abstract: A method for producing phosphoric acid, comprising attack in an aqueous medium of phosphated rock with sulfuric acid, with formation of a first dihydrate slurry suspended in an aqueous phase having a free P2O5 content between 38 and 50% and a free SO3 content of less than 0.5%, conversion of this first slurry by heating with recrystallization of the solubilized calcium sulfate giving rise to a second hemihydrate slurry, and separation in the second slurry between a production phosphoric acid and a hemihydrate cake, characterized in that it comprises during the attack, addition of a fluorine source in the first slurry in a content from 1% to 5% by weight of F relatively to the P2O5 contained in the phosphated rock.

Abstract: An apatite crystal is a single crystal expressed by a general formula (M2)5(PO4)3X. In this formula, M2 indicates at least one type of element selected from the group consisting of bivalent alkaline-earth metals and Eu, and X indicates at least one type of element or molecule selected from the group consisting of halogen elements and OH. And the single crystal is of a tubular shape. The outer shape of the apatite may be a hexagonal prism. The shape of an opening of a hole formed in the upper surface or lower surface of the hexagonal prism may be a hexagon.

Abstract: Disclosed is a trekking atom nanotube growth technology capable of continuously growing long, high quality nanotubes. This patent application is a Continuation In Part of the Proximate Atom Nanotube Growth patent application Ser. No. 13/694,088 filed on Oct. 29, 2012. The current invention represents a departure from chemical vapor deposition technology as the atomic feedstock does not originate in the gaseous environment surrounding the nanotubes. The technology mitigates the problems that cease carbon nanotube growth in chemical vapor deposition growth techniques: 1) The accumulation of material on the surface of the catalyst particles, suspected to be primarily amorphous carbon, 2) The effect of Ostwald ripening that reduces the size of smaller catalyst particles and enlarges larger catalyst particles, 3) The effect of some catalyst materials diffusing into the substrate used to grow carbon nanotubes and ceasing growth when the catalyst particle becomes too small.

Abstract: A polyamide-imide represented by the following formula is provided. A graphite film prepared by performing a thermal treatment process on the polyamide-imide represented by the above-mentioned formula is also provided. In the thermal treatment process, the temperature range of the thermal treatment process ranges from 25° C. to 2,900° C.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for forming graphene at a low temperature, to a method for direct transfer of graphene using same, and to a graphene sheet. The method for forming graphene at a low temperature comprises supplying a carbon-source-containing gas to a metal catalyst layer for graphene growth formed on a substrate, and forming graphene at a low temperature of 500° C. or less by means of inductively coupled plasma-chemical vapor deposition (ICP-CVD).

Abstract: A method of preparing graphene includes supplying a gas on a metal catalyst, the gas including CO2, CH4, and H2O, and reacting and cooling the resultant.

Abstract: Provided is a more suitable method for producing ceramic microparticles. The present invention uses at least two types of fluids to be processed; at least one of the fluids to be processed is a fluid containing a ceramic starting material liquid that mixes and/or dissolves a ceramic starting material in a basic solvent; of the fluids aside from the ceramic starting material liquid, at least one of the fluids to be processed is a fluid containing a solvent for precipitating ceramic microparticles; and ceramic microparticles are precipitated by mixing the fluid containing the ceramic starting material liquid and the fluid containing the solvent for precipitating ceramic microparticles within a thin film fluid formed between at least two surfaces (1,2) for processing that are provided facing each other, are able to approach and separate each other, and of which one is able to rotate with respect to the other.

Abstract: The present invention may provide talc calciner systems and methods to produce better and more efficient products by engineering a* and b* values for calcinated products perhaps by processing low iron talc in an indirectly heated, multiple zoned calciner which may progressively heat the feed supply at perhaps specifics residence times to produce a desired product.

Abstract: The present invention provides a titanium-silicalite molecular sieve and a method for preparing the same. The method includes the steps of preparing a mixture of a titanium source, a silicon source, a transition metal source, a template agent and water; heating the mixture to form a gel mixture; heating the gel mixture in a water bath; and calcining the gel mixture after the gel mixture in the water bath to form the titanium-silicalite molecular sieve. The present invention further provides a method for preparing cyclohexanone oxime by using the titanium-silicalite molecular sieve as the catalyst which results in high conversion rate, high selectivity and high usage efficiency of hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract: A tin containing zeolitic material having an MWW-type framework structure (Sn-MWW), having a tin content of at most 2 weight-%, calculated as element and based on the weight of the Sn-MWW, and having an X-ray diffraction pattern comprising peaks at 2 theta diffraction angles of (6.6±0.1)°, (7.1±0.1)°, and (7.9±0.1)°.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an ammonia gas generator for generating ammonia from an ammonia precursor substance and to the use thereof for reducing nitrogen oxides in exhaust, in particular from industrial facilities, from combustion engines, from gas engines, from diesel engines or from petrol engines.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of precipitated calcium carbonate, comprising the following steps: a) providing a reaction vessel containing an aqueous phase at an initial temperature; b) injecting a carbon dioxide generating compound into the aqueous phase until the pH of the aqueous phase is in the range of around 5 to around 7; and c) subsequently adding a calcium hydroxide slurry at an initial temperature to the reaction vessel while continuing the injection of the carbon dioxide generating compound, in order to obtain an aqueous slurry of the precipitated calcium carbonate. The addition rate of the calcium hydroxide slurry to the reaction vessel in step c) is such that an average electrical conductivity of the reaction contents in the reaction vessel during the reaction is in a range of 100 to 6,000 ?S/cm.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a process for the recovery or removal of one or more crystallizable compounds from an aqueous solution containing, apart from the said crystallizable compounds, one or more organic or inorganic scale-forming or scale-inducing materials having a lower solubility in water than the said crystallizable compounds, said process comprising subjecting the said solution to at least one eutectic freeze crystallization step with recovery of ice and said one or more crystallizable compounds in crystalline form, recycling at least part of the mother liquor formed in the said eutectic crystallization step and subjecting the said recycle to a treatment with seed crystals for said scale forming or scale inducing compounds, removing at least part of the solid material obtained in said treatment step and recycle of the aqueous liquid thus obtained to the eutectic freeze crystallization step or to the feed thereto.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for retrofit hydrolization of seawater for production of halogen biocides in situ. A method for effecting an in situ generation of biocide as an aid in anti-biofouling of a device disposed in a volume of salt water includes a) associating a cathode electrode to the device; b) associating an anode electrode to the device with the anode electrode spaced apart from the cathode electrode; and c) hydrolyzing one or more components in the volume of salt water to generate a halogen biocide at the anode electrode with the biocide flowing from the anode electrode away from the cathode electrode as a biocide film, the film responsive to a physical arrangement of the associations of the electrodes with the device.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to an effective system and method for reducing or eliminating the formation of scale in desalination systems. The system utilizes at least one pair of electrodes in direct contact with a liquid to induce an oscillating electric field directly in a portion of the liquid or a liquid stream of the desalination system. The electric field is capable of inducing bulk precipitation of ions, minerals, salts, particulates, contaminants or a combination thereof from the liquid stream.

Abstract: A drainless reverse osmosis (RO) water purification system provides relatively pure water for on-demand dispensing, while recycling brine to a domestic hot water system. The drainless purification system includes a pre-filter catalyst cartridge for removing chlorine-based contaminants from a tap water supply upstream from an RO membrane. The catalyst is regularly refreshed by a high through-flow of water to a conventional cold water dispense faucet, thereby significantly prolonging the service life of the RO membrane. The RO membrane is incorporated into a multi-cartridge unit adapted for facilitated slide-out removal and replacement as needed. A control valve recycles brine from the RO membrane to the hot water system during pure water production, and recirculates tap water through the RO membrane when a pure water reservoir is substantially filled. The multi-cartridge unit may further include an air filtration system for providing a flow of filtered air.

Abstract: A glass base material elongating method of sequentially feeding rod-like glass base materials hung by a glass base material feeding mechanism into a heating furnace, and pulling a glass rod with a smaller diameter by a pulling chuck at a lower part of the heating furnace, includes: aligning, by an alignment guiding device that guides the glass rod, a guiding center of the alignment guiding device with an axis of the glass rod, the alignment guiding device guiding the glass rod between the heating furnace and the pulling chuck.

Abstract: A compositional range of fusion-formable, high strain point sodium free, silicate, aluminosilicate and boroaluminosilicate glasses are described herein. The glasses can be used as substrates for photovoltaic devices, for example, thin film photovoltaic devices such as CIGS photovoltaic devices. These glasses can be characterized as having strain points?540° C., thermal expansion coefficient of from 6.5 to 10.5 ppm/° C., as well as liquidus viscosities in excess of 50,000 poise. As such they are ideally suited for being formed into sheet by the fusion process.

Abstract: A glass element is provided that is made of a glass having SiO2, Al2O3, B2O3, and Na2O. The glass has a scratch tolerance that when scratches of 1 mm length are introduced using a Knoop diamond indenter which presses upon a surface of the glass with a force of 4 Newton and is displaced along the surface with a traverse speed of 0.4 mm/s, not more than 20% of the scratches have a noticeable width including visible chipping of more than 25 ?m. In some embodiments, the glass, after chemical tempering, has sodium ions that are at least partially exchanged for potassium ions so that a compressive stress zone is provided at the surface of the glass. The compressive stress is at least 700 MPa and an exchange depth of alkali ions is at least 25 ?m.

Abstract: Lithium disilicate apatite glass-ceramics are described which are characterized by a high chemical stability and can therefore be used in particular as restoration material in dentistry.

Abstract: A process for forming an array of irregularities or features that are submicron-size in height and that have a characteristic lateral dimension that is micron- or submicron-size, over a surface of a material, by ion erosion, the process including: supplying the material with a thickness at least equal to 100 nm, the material being a solid hybrid material that includes: a simple oxide or a mixed oxide of one or more elements, an oxide molar percentage in the material being at least 40%; and a species, of a different nature to the one or more elements of the oxide, a molar percentage of the species in the material ranging from 6 mol % up to 50 mol % while remaining below the percentage of the oxide, most of the species having a largest characteristic dimension smaller than 50 nm, optionally heating the hybrid material before the erosion; structuring the surface of the hybrid material with an erosion that lasts less than one hour over an erosion area greater than 1 cm2, until the array of features is formed, the

Abstract: A process for forming an array of irregularities or features that are submicron-size in height and that have a characteristic lateral dimension that is micron- or submicron-size, over a surface of a material by reactive-ion etching, the process including: supplying the material with a thickness at least equal to 100 nm, the material being a solid hybrid material that includes: a simple silicon oxide or a mixed silicon oxide, most of the oxides in the case of a mixed oxide being silicon oxide, an oxide molar percentage in the material being at least 40%; and a species, of a different nature to the silicon of the oxide, a molar percentage of the species in the material ranging from 1 mol % or even up to 50 mol % while remaining below the percentage of the silicon oxide, at least most of the species having a largest characteristic dimension smaller than 50 nm, optionally heating the hybrid material before the etching; structuring the surface of the hybrid material, without masking, with etching that lasts less t

Abstract: In the method according to the invention for producing cement clinker, raw cement meal is preheated in a preheater, the preheated raw cement meal is precalcined in a calciner and the precalcined raw cement meal is burnt in a kiln, fuel and combustion air having an oxygen content of at least 75 mol % being used in the calciner, and the raw cement meal being precalcined in a fluidized bed in the calciner. The exhaust gases occurring in the kiln are delivered to the preheater, bypassing the calciner, and the exhaust gases of the calciner are delivered to a CO2 preparation device.

Abstract: This invention relates to high purity yttria or ytterbia stabilized zirconia powders comprising from about 0 to about 0.15 weight percent impurity oxides, from about 0 to about 2 weight percent hafnium oxide (hafnia), from about 6 to about 25 weight percent yttrium oxide (yttria) or from about 10 to about 36 weight percent ytterbium oxide (ytterbia), and the balance zirconium oxide (zirconia). Thermal barrier coatings for protecting a component such as blades, vanes and seal surfaces of gas turbine engines, made from the high purity yttria or ytterbia stabilized zirconia powders, have a density greater than 88% of the theoretical density with a plurality of verticalzA macrocracks homogeneously dispersed throughout the coating to improve its thermal fatigue resistance.