Abstract: Embodiments for controlling boost pressure in a turbocharged engine are provided. In one embodiment, a method for an engine having a throttle comprises, if an inferred throttle inlet pressure (TIP) value is different than a measured TIP value, adjusting a wastegate of a turbocharger based on the inferred TIP value and not based on the measured TIP value, the inferred TIP value based on air flow through the throttle, throttle angle, and manifold absolute pressure (MAP). In this way, boost pressure control may be provided by the inferred TIP value under some conditions.

Abstract: A restoring unit for an internal combustion engine may include a restoring console including a substantially cylindrical bearing dome. A first bearing unit may include a first receiving opening. The bearing dome may be rotatably inserted into the first receiving opening about an axis of the restoring console. A spring element may be arranged at least partially on an outer circumferential face of the bearing dome, and the restoring console may be preloaded via the spring element against the first bearing unit. The bearing dome may be detachably arranged in the first receiving opening via a clip connection. The clip connection may include a radial through-slot disposed on a first face side of the bearing dome facing the first receiving opening. The bearing dome may have a console bearing face mounting the restoring console within the first bearing unit.

Abstract: This invention relates to a ceramic composite that comprises of a mixture of infrared-emitting metal oxides having specific spectral luminance in 3-20 ?m (micrometers) wavelength range and an effective amount of pyroelectric material that helps enhance infrared emissions of said oxides in said wavelength range. Said ceramic composite can be deviced to provide an effective means of improving hydrocarbon fuel efficiency in internal combustion engines for better engine performance with increased torque and power, improved fuel economy, and reduced exhaust emissions. Such ceramic composites can also be used in other applications that utilize infrared emissions in said wavelength range.

Abstract: The free-piston engine 10 includes a combustion space F for combusting an air-fuel mixture, a piston 12 capable of reciprocation between a most-compressed position and a most-expanded position, suction ports 14 for introducing outside air into the combustion space F, and exhaust ports 16 for directing the exhaust gas to the outside. The piston 12 extracts power by moving from the most-compressed position to the most-expanded position by a combustion explosive force and returns from the most-expanded position to the most-compressed position by the actuation of a piston drive device. Furthermore, the piston 12 opens the exhaust port 16 to the combustion space F when the piston 12 has reached the most-expanded position, whereas the piston 12 closes the exhaust ports 16 to the combustion space F when the piston is present in a different position.

Abstract: The invention relates generally to electrical power systems, including generating capacity of a gas turbine, and more specifically to pressurized air injection that is useful for providing additional electrical power during periods of peak electrical power demand from a gas turbine system power plant, as well as to inlet heating to allow increased engine turn down during periods of reduced electrical demand.

Abstract: A casing for a can annular gas turbine engine, including: a compressed air section (40) spanning between a last row of compressor blades (26) and a first row of turbine blades (28), the compressed air section (40) having a plurality of openings (50) there through, wherein a single combustor/advanced duct assembly (64) extends through each opening (50); and one top hat (68) associated with each opening (50) configured to enclose the associated combustor/advanced duct assembly (64) and seal the opening (50). A volume enclosed by the compressed air section (40) is not greater than a volume of a frustum (54) defined at an upstream end (56) by an inner diameter of the casing at the last row of compressor blades (26) and at a downstream end (60) by an inner diameter of the casing at the first row of turbine blades (28).

Abstract: A buffer air cooler system for gas turbine engines disposed in a bypass duct of the engine, includes a housing for containing the buffer air cooler therein and an inlet portion attached to the housing. In one embodiment, the inlet portion has a double-skin configuration in at least one region of a top, bottom and sides of the inlet portion.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a gas turbine engine assembly comprises an engine assembly disposed about a longitudinal axis, a core nozzle positioned adjacent the engine assembly to direct a core flow generated by the engine assembly, a fan nozzle surrounding at least a portion of the core nozzle to direct a fan flow, wherein the core nozzle defines a plenum to receive a portion of the core stream flow from the core nozzle and a thermoelectric generator assembly positioned in the plenum. Other embodiments may be described.

Abstract: A recuperator inserted in the exhaust duct of a gas turbine engine includes a casing surrounding a core having spiral cross channels. Inlet and outlet openings are defined in the casing for the passage of hot exhaust gases through the exhaust channels in the core. Feeder members extend radially across the outlet opening for passing the pre-combustion stage air through the air channels of the core, and header members extend radially across the inlet opening of the casing for receiving and redirecting air from the air channels in the core towards the combustor section. The feeder and header members each have a tapered configuration from the casing to the axial center of the casing so as to maintain a relatively constant pressure over the radial extent of the respective feeders and headers.

Abstract: A swirler inlet valve plate for a fuel injector of a gas turbine engine includes a blocker ring and a pivot sleeve mechanically connected to the blocker ring. The blocker ring is formed from at least a portion of a toroid shape. The blocker ring includes a blocking surface perpendicular to an axis of the blocker ring formed from at least a portion of an annulus. The blocker ring also includes a flow surface, an inner circumferential surface of the toroidal shape. The pivot sleeve includes a sleeve portion extending adjacent the blocker ring. The sleeve portion includes a rotation transmission mechanism.

Abstract: A sealing system is provided for a flanged joint. The sealing system includes a split seal and a spring. The split seal includes a radial outer surface, an axial outer surface, and a chamfered surface inclined with respect to the radial outer surface and the axial outer surface. The spring is disposed in urging contact with the chamfered surface and configured to apply an axial force, and a radial force on the axial outer surface, and the radial outer surface respectively.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a gas turbine engine control system includes an engine controller configured to control multiple parameters associated with operation of a gas turbine engine system. The gas turbine engine control system also includes multiple remote interface units communicatively coupled to the engine controller. The remote interface unit is configured to receive an input signal from the engine controller indicative of respective target values of at least one parameter, and the remote interface unit is configured to provide closed-loop control of the at least one parameter based on the input signal and feedback signals indicative of respective measured values of the at least one parameter.

Abstract: An exemplary method for switching over a combustion device from operation with a first premix fuel to a second premix fuel includes reducing and stopping a first premix fuel supply and then starting a second premix fuel supply. In an intermediate phase, after the first premix fuel supply stop and before the second premix fuel supply start, the combustion device is operated with one or more pilot fuels generating diffusion flames.

Abstract: Embodiments for generating vacuum at a throttle are presented. In one example, a system comprises a throttle positioned in an intake of an engine, and a peripheral venturi proximate the throttle, the venturi having an inlet positioned to interface with an edge of the throttle when the throttle is in a partially open position. In this way, vacuum may be generated by flow air through the venturi.

Abstract: An airtightness maintaining structure for a butterfly valve includes a valve element having a rotating shaft and a valve body, a rotation supporting portion having a pivotably supporting member that fits onto the rotating shaft and pivotably supports the rotating shaft, and a rotating shaft seal arranged to contact in a fitting state both an end surface of a member on an outer radial and a surface of a member on an inner side either the rotation shaft or the pivotably supporting member and has an annular portion. In a closed valve state of the valve element, the rotating shaft seal moves radially due to a pressure difference between a high fluid pressure acting on one side of the valve element and a low fluid pressure acting on the other side and contacts both the valve element and the rotation supporting portion on the high fluid pressure side.

Abstract: A control device for an internal combustion engine which includes a variable compression ratio mechanism arranged to vary a mechanical compression ratio, and a high pressure fuel pump arranged to supply a high pressure fuel to a common rail, and to be driven from a crank shaft through a chain, the control device includes: a fuel pressure abnormal state sensing section configured to sense an abnormal increase of a fuel pressure within the common rail, the control device being configured to decrease the compression ratio in the abnormal state of the fuel pressure.

Abstract: An engine system and method for operating an internal combustion engine in dynamically varying conditions. An exemplary system comprises an internal combustion engine configured to receive both a primary fuel and a secondary fuel into one or more chambers in which a combustion process occurs, a fuel injection system, an air intake manifold and a fuel manifold; an electronic system which controls timing and metering of the primary fuel and/or the secondary fuel in the combustion process; and a plurality of sensors positioned to measure one or more variables associated with combustion of the primary fuel in the presence of the secondary fuel. The electronic system is configured to apply a control signal to adjust an engine setting to reduce NOx emissions based in part on the magnitude of the variable.

Abstract: Vehicles capable of operating in an energy conserving mode may include an interface for conveying inhibitors preventing activation of the energy conserving mode. The system may identify the inhibiting features and prompt an operator of the vehicle for authorization to disable the inhibiting features or adjust the feature states to enable the energy conserving mode. In response to receiving authorization, the system may automatically control feature interfaces to remove inhibits to the energy conserving mode. The interface may communicate active inhibitors to an operator using a display or a speaker, or both. Additionally, the interface may query the operator to approve automatic deactivation of the inhibiting features and facilitate the receipt of operator input to the query.

Abstract: A speed-determining system in an internal combustion engine is disclosed. The internal combustion engine includes a crankshaft, a camshaft, and an engine control module (ECM). The system includes a first gear that rotates with the crankshaft and a second gear attached to the camshaft. At least one idler gear is operatively meshed with the first gear and the second gear. A fuel pump gear, meshed with the idler gear, is driven proportionally to the first gear and the second gear. The fuel pump gear includes a transversal face, a circumferential lip portion, and a number of notches along the circumferential lip portion. A proximity sensor, in communication with the ECM, is spaced from the second gear. A rotation of the fuel pump gear moves the notches relative to the proximity sensor, triggering the proximity sensor to register movement of the fuel pump gear and calculate at least a camshaft speed.

Abstract: A control system for a vehicle performs torque down control to reduce torque of an engine by cutting off supply of fuel to at least one of the cylinders of the engine during an inertia phase of a power-on upshift. During the torque down control, the throttle opening is reduced to smaller than a throttle opening including an amount by which the throttle opening is increased so as to compensate for a part of the amount of torque reduction, by means of one or more cylinders to which the fuel continues to be supplied.

Abstract: A system is provided for controlling power generation. For example, the system may include a drive, an electrical generator coupled to the drive, and a controller coupled to the drive. The controller may include a stabilizing mode responsive to a utility signal representative of a grid destabilizing event.

Abstract: A control system includes a control module that receives a first request corresponding to a control value for at least one of a plurality of actuators, selectively receives a second request associated with a predicted future control value for at least one of the plurality of actuators, determines a target value for the actuator based on the first request if the second request was not received, and generates a reference signal representing the second request if the second request was received. The reference signal indicates at least one of a predicted increase in the control value and a predicted decrease in the control value. A model predictive control module receives the reference signal and adjusts one of the plurality of actuators associated with the predicted future control value based on the reference signal.

Abstract: A method is described for operating an internal combustion engine, having a plurality of cylinders in an homogeneous operation, in which an exhaust gas lambda value and an unsteady running of the internal combustion engine are recorded, a mixture composition being cyclically varied, at least intermittently. In a test operation, the mixture composition is cyclically varied, in a selected cylinder, about a determined lambda value, whereas meanwhile the mixture composition is held constant in the remaining cylinders. From the magnitude of a cyclical fluctuation of the unsteady running or of a variable characterizing this, one may conclude upon a trimming of the mixture composition in the selected cylinder.

Abstract: A method of controlling a charging pressure of an internal combustion engine having a particle filter for the treatment of exhaust gases, wherein the charging pressure is controlled to achieve a nominal charging pressure value and wherein the nominal charging pressure value is set as a function of operating parameters, wherein there is determined a first value for a charging pressure minimizing a fuel consumption, taking into account a direct influence of the charging pressure on the fuel consumption of an internal combustion engine; as well as an internal combustion engine having a particle filter for the treatment of exhaust gases, using such a control method.

Abstract: The exhaust gas purification apparatus 100 according to the present invention is provided with an exhaust gas purification catalyst 40, an upstream O2 sensor 14, a downstream O2 sensor 15, and a control section 30 that executes main F/B control and sub-F/B control. This exhaust gas purification apparatus 100 contains, on a support in a prescribed region 45 from a catalyst-outlet-side end 43a at the downstream side of an exhaust gas purification catalyst 40, an OSC material having a pyrochlore structure and an OSC material having an oxygen storage rate that is faster than that of the OSC material having a pyrochlore structure.

Abstract: A prediction module, based on a set of possible target values for M future times and a model of an engine, determines predicted torques of the engine for the M future times, respectively. M is an integer greater than one. A cost module determines a cost for the set of possible target values based on comparisons of the predicted torques for the M future times with engine torque requests for the M future times, respectively. A selection module, based on the cost, selects the set of possible target values from a group including the set of possible target values and N other sets of possible target values, wherein N is an integer greater than zero, and sets target values based on the selected set of possible target values. An actuator module controls an engine actuator based on a first one of the target values.

Abstract: A system and method is provided for the use of the ion current signal characteristics for onboard cycle-by-cycle, cylinder-by-cylinder measurement, for example soot measurement, load measurement such as indicated or brake mean effective pressure, or fuel consumption measurement in an internal combustion engine. The system may acquire an ion current signal, measures one or more of soot, load, fuel consumption and may control the engine operating parameters accordingly.

Abstract: When a given learning performance condition is met, a partial lift injection for opening a fuel injector is performed by an injection pulse which brings about a partial lift state in which a lift quantity of a valve body of the fuel injector does not reach a full lift position, and an integrated value of a drive current is calculated which flows through a drive coil of the fuel injector after an injection pulse of the partial lift injection is turned off. An inductance of the drive coil is calculated in consideration of a direct current superposition characteristic of the drive coil on the basis of the integrated value of the drive current, whereby the inductance of the drive coil is calculated with high accuracy. Then, the lift quantity of the valve body is estimated on the basis of the inductance, whereby the lift quantity of the valve body is estimated with high accuracy.

Abstract: A method of operating an internal combustion engine with gaseous fuel includes providing fuel to a plurality of cylinders with both central point injection and multipoint injection. Central point injection, which provides good air/fuel mixing, may provide a majority of steady-state fueling, and multipoint injection is used for supplementing the central point injection during steady-state and for providing rapid transient response to load changes.

Abstract: In order to control an adjusting device of a motor vehicle, in particular a window lift, having a motor-driven adjusting part, the speed of the drive is controlled to a desired speed value during normal operation at least in a sub-range of an adjustment travel and the driving force is controlled to a desired force value in the event of difficult motion for a first time period. After the first time period has ended, the adjusting part is reversed or the drive is at least stopped in the event of pinching. If the difficult motion is not an event of pinching, the speed of the drive is controlled anew to the desired speed value, wherein the driving force is first reduced to a first force and is increased to the desired force value within a second time period and/or a value realized during normal operation is used as a desired force value for the driving force.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine for a motor vehicle, having a cylinder housing in the form of a light metal alloy casting with working cylinder sections including cylinder liners which consist of rough-surface iron castings and which are integrally cast into the working cylinder sections with housing webs formed between adjacent liners, the cylinder housing has cooling channels formed in the housing webs between adjacent cylinder liners and the working cylinder sections of the cylinder housing for directly cooling the cylinder liners.

Abstract: In order to provide a valve cover to which at least one line is securable simply and by using a small number of fastening elements, it is proposed that the valve cover includes the following: a base body that, in the mounted condition of the valve cover, is arranged on an engine block of an internal combustion engine and covers over a valve chamber of the internal combustion engine, and at least one fixing device for securing at least one line to the base body of the valve cover, wherein the fixing device includes a fixing element and at least one fixing element receiver which is arranged on the base body and to which the fixing element is securable or secured by latching.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes: a chain cover that is attached to an internal combustion engine main body having a crankshaft; an oil seal that is mounted on the crankshaft in the vicinity of the chain cover; a metallic oil seal fixing member that is disposed on a surface of the chain cover and fixes the oil seal, the surface being present opposite to the internal combustion engine main body; and a first sealing member that is disposed between the oil sealing fixing member and the chain cover.

Abstract: The invention provides systems and methods for a network of cogenerations systems. In some cases, each system includes at least one cogeneration plant and at least one host facility, where the systems in the network are under the control of a common control system that optimizes a result for the network as a whole. In some cases, each cogeneration system in the network has an individual profile that is used by the control system for controlling that individual cogeneration system.

Abstract: An aircraft nacelle comprising a lip extended by an inner conduit forming an air intake, a front frame delimiting with said lip an annular channel within which hot air flows and a panel for acoustic treatment having, from outside inwardly, an acoustic resistive layer, at least one honeycomb structure and a reflective layer as well as ducts for channeling hot air, each including one inlet communicating with the annular channel and one outlet communicating with the inner conduit, wherein the panel for acoustic treatment comprises at least a stabilization chamber in the form of an annular channel with a cross-section larger than that of the ducts which extends over at least a portion of the nacelle circumference and which communicates with a plurality of ducts, the inlets and outlets not being aligned in the longitudinal direction.

Abstract: A blocker door actuation system for use in an aircraft thrust reverser is provided. The blocker door actuation system may comprise a rack, a gear, a gear housing, a screw shaft, and a link. The blocker door actuation system may be mounted to a translating sleeve in an aircraft nacelle. In response to the thrust reverser being activated and the translating sleeve moving aft, the blocker door actuation system may move the blocker door from a stowed position to a deployed position in a fan air duct.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a holding assembly to hold a front frame of a thrust reverser to a turbojet engine casing. The assembly includes at least one connecting flange connecting the front frame to the turbojet engine casing, and also a system for locking the connecting flange. The system includes an actuating handle pivotally mounted on one of two facing ends of the connecting flange, and a connecting rod interposed between the other end of the two facing ends and a portion of the actuating handle. The system locks together the two facing ends, and the actuating handle includes a support provided with a groove and a screw for adjusting a free length of the groove. Furthermore, the connecting rod has, at its one end, an axis pivoting and sliding in the groove.

Abstract: Disclosed is an exhaust gas recirculation system for an engine (1), wherein at least a downstream sub-region of a region of an exhaust passage (33) upstream of a turbine wheel (52) is divided into two sub-passages (R1, R2) by a partition wall (20a, 30a) extending along an exhaust gas flow direction. A high-speed sub-passage (R2) in the two sub-passages (R1, R2) is equipped with an openable-closable exhaust variable valve (23). The exhaust variable valve (23) is configured to be controlled to open the high-speed sub-passage (R2) when an engine speed is equal to or greater than a reference speed, and close the high-speed sub-passage (R2) when the engine speed is less than the reference speed. An inlet (60a) of an EGR passage (60) on the side of the exhaust passage (33) is opened to the high-speed sub-passage (R2) at a position downstream of the exhaust variable valve (23).

Abstract: In an intake controller for an internal combustion engine, an opening controlling unit performs, when a light load operation is performed during a manual forced regeneration process of a diesel particulate filter which reduces an amount of particulate matter included in exhaust gas exhausted from the internal combustion engine, control to form a bypass passage by setting an open-close valve to a fully closed state and a variable turbo nozzle to a fully closed state and which performs, when an amount of the injected fuel detected by a fuel injection amount detecting unit becomes zero, control to set the open-close valve from the fully closed state to a fully opened state and the variable turbo nozzle from the fully closed state to a fully opened state.

Abstract: A needle sleeve, in particular for pivotably mounting the throttle valve shaft of a control device for recirculating exhaust gas in internal combustion engines. The needle sleeve provides a thin-walled outer ring formed without cutting. A needle roller and cage assembly is inserted in the outer ring. The needle cage carries the bearing needles at uniform spacings in the circumferential direction. The needle sleeve has, at its axial sides, two radially inward facing ribs holding the needle roller and cage assembly in the outer ring and has multiple seals that seal the sleeve to prevent exhaust gas condensates from flowing through. The outer ring of the needle sleeve is a rimless, cylindrical sleeve, and the seals are two lip sealing rings having an S-shaped cross-sectional profile. The seals are located at least partially outside the outer ring and are pressed onto its axial edges, and provide the radially inward facing ribs.

Abstract: An EGR valve includes a housing formed with a passage, a valve seat provided in the passage, a valve element seatable on the valve seat, a valve stem provided with the valve element at an end, and an actuator for making stroke movement of the valve stem. The valve element is moved together with the valve stem with respect to the valve seat to change an open area of a measuring section, thereby changing an opening degree of the valve element, to adjust a flow rate of EGR gas in the passage. The EGR valve has high-resolution flow-rate characteristics in a low opening region of the valve element and large flow-rate characteristics in a high opening region. The valve element and the valve seat have predetermined shapes to cause the flow-rate characteristics in the low opening region to change in a curve without a step.

Abstract: A pressure-assisted precision purge valve system is provided in an evaporative emission control system that provides flow of fuel vapor-air mixture from a fuel tank to an intake manifold. The pressure-assisted precision purge valve system comprises an absorbent canister through which the fuel vapor-air mixture flows, a purge valve configured to regulate flow of the fuel vapor-air mixture to the intake manifold and a fuel vapor pump configured to provide a forced flow to the purge valve dependent on a system differential pressure. The output of the purge valve can be connected to an upstream injection point and/or a downstream injection point of a forced induction device.

Abstract: Methods and systems are described for depressurizing a fuel tank prior to refueling. In one example, before refueling the fuel tank having a pressure above a first predetermined pressure, the pressure may be released through a first valve to the first predetermined pressure and the first valve may be closed. Further, a second valve may be opened to further reduce the pressure to a second predetermined pressure, and if flow through the second valve is less than desired, then the first valve may be opened until the second predetermined pressure is reached.

Abstract: A control system for a vehicle having a fixed gear transmission and an engine that outputs an actual RPM signal is provided. The control system includes a vehicle bus, a shifting module, a simulated RPM module, and an engine sound enhancement (“ESE”) module. The vehicle bus transmits a signal indicating a plurality of operating conditions of the vehicle. The shifting module receives the signal from the vehicle bus to determine if the operating parameters of the vehicle indicate that a gear shift by the fixed gear transmission is imminent within a predetermined amount of time. The simulated RPM module is in communication with the shifting module for generating a simulated RPM signal if the gear shift is imminent. The simulated RPM signal has a greater increase in engine RPM with respect to time prior to the gear shift compared to the actual RPM signal.

Abstract: A fuel delivery system is described in the present disclosure. The fuel delivery system includes a kidney loop filtration system for filtering fuel stored in a tank. The kidney loop filtration system is fluidly connected to the tank and to a fuel transfer pump. The kidney loop filtration system includes a pump, at least one primary filter, and a swing-check valve. The swing-check valve allows flow of fuel in a first direction in a first mode of operation and in a second direction in a second mode of operation. The swing-check valve further includes a flow passage and a perforated flap. The perforated flap filters fuel during the flow of fuel, in the second direction.

Abstract: A fuel circulation system and methods are provided. The system includes a supply pump for providing an outlet flow of fuel. The system also includes at least a first and a second servo. The first servo is connected to an outlet of the supply pump. A flow regulation device is interposed between the first and second servos. At least a portion of the outlet flow from the supply pump is directed through the first servo, flow regulation device, and second servo and is returned to an inlet of the supply pump.

Abstract: A fuel system is disclosed which is adapted to improve engine ignition properties by ensuring that, when the engine ignition is turned off, residual fuel left over in the engine area after use is not returned to the fuel tank but instead remains in a common rail injector area.

Abstract: A resilient member is accommodated within a single support column, which connects a flange and a pump unit. The resilient member presses the pump unit in an axial direction toward a bottom part of a fuel tank through a holder member. The support column is formed in a polygonal tube shape and has a specific range in a part in the axial direction. A peripheral wall in the specific range is concave relative to corner parts of peripheral walls in an outside of the specific range so that a longitudinal groove having a groove bottom is provided to separate an inside and an outside of the support column. The holder member holding the pump unit is formed in a polygonal hole shape to be fitted with the peripheral walls. The holder member has a slide protrusion, which slidingly moves in the longitudinal groove in a state that the holder member is pushed into the longitudinal groove from the outside of the support column.

Abstract: A fuel accumulator block is provided for testing high-pressure components of fuel injection devices. The fuel accumulator block includes an accumulator body and at least one pressure control valve, which is accommodated in a receptacle in the accumulator body. The accumulator body is connected to a test line for a test medium and to a cooling line for a cooling medium. Within the accumulator body a test line run is developed for the test medium and a cooling line run is developed for the cooling medium. The cooling line run has at least one section which runs in the vicinity of the receptacle for the pressure control valve.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a fuel injection valve for an internal combustion engine. The fuel injection valve includes a valve body (10), a nozzle (20), a valve plate (30), a main needle spindle (40), a main needle (50), a main needle spring (60), a spring plate (70), a pilot needle spring (80), a pilot needle spindle (90) and a pilot needle (100). In the present invention, both the main needle and the pilot needle are opened or only the pilot needle is opened by compressed high-pressure fuel oil or compressed air, thereby enabling main injection and pilot injection to be separately performed by the single fuel-injection valve. Furthermore, because opening of the main needle valve can be controlled by compressed air for ignition or control of an engine, only the pilot injection may be conducted even without using a separate compression apparatus or the like.