Abstract: A vehicle control device controls a maximum velocity of a forklift by restricting a maximum speed of an engine. Further, the vehicle control device monitors a vehicle velocity. When the vehicle velocity is equal to or higher than a restriction triggering vehicle velocity obtained by subtracting a predetermined velocity from the maximum velocity, the vehicle control device restricts the maximum speed of the engine.

Abstract: An arrangement for dispensing an additive into a liquid stream is provided. The arrangement includes a conduit for guiding a liquid stream and a dosing device. An opening is provided through a wall of the conduit. The dosing device is arranged at the opening of the conduit for dispensing an additive into the stream through the opening. The dosing device extends above the conduit. The conduit and the dosing device are arranged such that a vertical distance is defined between the dosing device and the liquid stream to prevent direct contact between them when in use. A refrigerator door that includes the arrangement and a method of dispensing an additive into a liquid stream are also provided.

Abstract: A fully recyclable valve housing for engagement with a neck of a container, such as a beer keg, has an inner port for liquid and a concentric outer port for pressurized gas, with openings for admitting pressurized gas into the container. A dip tube is connected to a bottom end fitting, communicating with a valve stem within the valve housing. A valve member controls flow through the concentric ports, and a spring element located about the valve stem urges the valve member upwards to close the ports. The spring element is molded from a resilient polymeric material and comprises a plurality of C-shaped sections angularly arranged in two interconnected stacks on opposite sides of the valve stem such that movement of the valve member causes concurrent resilient deformation of all the sections.

Abstract: A beverage dispenser (11) is disclosed for use in combination with a water cooler, wherein the water cooler comprises a cooling device (5) and a water bottle (1) and the beverage dispenser is intended to be positioned between the cooling device and the water bottle.

Abstract: A method of controlling overflow in a below-ground transfer pump sump used in the dispensing of liquid fuels. The method comprises providing a sump having a sump bottom below a level of ground immediately adjacent the sump, providing a storage tank having an internal cavity for the storage of liquid fuel, the storage tank having a conduit in communication with the sump and providing an overflow assembly having an inlet disposed within the sump and an outlet communicating with the conduit. The method includes permitting water from the ground adjacent the sump to enter the sump and mix with any liquid fuel in the sump and if the liquid fuel and water mixture in the sump reaches a predetermined level, allowing the liquid mixture to pass through the overflow assembly, into the conduit and into the storage tank containing the liquid fuel.

Abstract: The microelectromechanical component has a semiconductor substrate (1), which has a cavity (2a) formed in the semiconductor substrate. The cavity is covered by a reversibly deformable membrane (2). A sensor (17) for detecting a deformation of the membrane (2) is formed within the region of the membrane (2). A test actuator (28, 29, 30) for deforming the membrane (2) for testing purposes is also arranged within the region of the membrane (2). Finally, the microelectromechanical component has an evaluation and activation unit (41) connected to the sensor (17) and the test actuator (28, 29, 30) for activating the test actuator (28, 29, 30) in order to deform the membrane (2) as a test and for evaluating a measurement signal of the sensor (17) as a sensor detection of a deformation of the membrane (2) as a result of the activation of the test actuator (28, 29, 30).

Abstract: The invention relates to an MEMS structure with a stack made of different layers and a spring-and-mass system varying in its thickness which is formed of the stack, and wherein, starting from a back side of the stack and the substrate, at laterally different positions, the substrate while leaving the first semiconductor layer, or the substrate, the first etch-stop layer and the first semiconductor layer are removed, and to a method for manufacturing such a structure.

Abstract: A plurality of MEMS transducer packages is manufactured by placement of a plurality of transducers onto a panel of undivided package substrates, attachment of a plurality of individual covers onto a panel and over the transducers, depositing an epoxy into the channels between the covers, and then singulating the panel into individual MEMS transducer packages.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for gas-phase reduction/oxidation is disclosed. The apparatus includes a reactor including at least one reactor tube or containment vessel with active redox material within the reactor tube or containment vessel, a first reactant gas or vacuum for reducing the active redox material, and a second reactant gas for oxidizing the active redox material. The method may be run under substantially isothermal conditions and/or energy supplied to the apparatus may include solar energy, which may be concentrated.

Abstract: A method for degrading Rhodamine B including: mixing BiOBr and Rhodamine B; and irradiating the mixture with a radiation having a wavelength of from 440 nm to 554 nm. The Rhodamine B may be in an aqueous solution. The BiOBr may be added to the aqueous solution of Rhodamine B in an amount of from 0.2 to 0.5 mg/ml. The BiOBr may have a sheet-like structure with particles having a diameter of from 3 ?m to 5 ?m. The BiOBr may be in a pure crystal tetragonal phase.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing a water-resistant aluminum nitride powder capable of adding a good water-resistant property to an aluminum nitride powder wherein yttria exists on a particle surface. The method is for producing a water-resistant aluminum nitride powder by carrying out a treatment to a particle surface of an aluminum nitride powder, the method including the successive steps of (i) making an aluminum nitride powder contact with an acid solution wherein yttria exists at least on a particle surface of the aluminum nitride powder; and (ii) making the aluminum nitride powder contact with a phosphorous acid compound, wherein the amount of yttria which is extracted when the aluminum nitride powder is filtered, washed with water, and dried after the step (i) and is thereafter subjected to extraction with 1 mol/L hydrochloric acid is no more than 1000 mg per 100 g of the aluminum nitride powder.

Abstract: Disclosed are carbon nanotubes and a method for manufacturing the same wherein the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) which comprise a three-component carbon nanotube catalyst containing a catalytic component and an active component and have a potato or spherical shape with a particle diameter distribution (Dcnt) of 0.5 to 1.0 can be manufactured at a high yield using an impregnated supported catalyst by simultaneously removing activity and a fine powder of the impregnated supported catalyst in an attempt to solve a drawback of conventional impregnation methods for producing CNTs, namely, the difficulty in improving a yield of CNTs.

Abstract: A substance-encapsulating carbon nanohorn aggregate which has improved chemical stability by isolating the encapsulated substance from outside and which is useful as a targeting material which can be led from the outside of the body or as a contrast medium by holding the encapsulated substance in an aggregated form, and a process for producing the same are provided. The substance-encapsulating carbon nanohorn aggregate is characterized in that the encapsulated substance is aggregated in a central part of the carbon nanohorn aggregate or a neighborhood thereof with being isolated from outside. The process includes aggregating a substance to be encapsulated in a central part or a neighborhood thereof by a heat treatment.

Abstract: Granules of graphene oxide may be produced from a dispersion of nanoscale graphene oxide sheets by a spray drying method. Such granules have a three-dimensional corrugated morphology. The complexity of the corrugations, and the size distribution of the granules can be varied through selection of the spray-drying equipment used, and variation of the composition of the dispersion and the spray-drying parameters. Structural modifiers may be included in the graphene oxide dispersion to control the ultimate morphology of the granules. The granules of graphene oxide may be thermally reduced at a moderate temperature of 220° C. to increase the granules' electrical conductivity. The reduced granules may be used to fabricate electrodes for supercapacitors. The power and energy density of such an electrode material is comparable to those of conventional/commercial activated carbon-based electrodes.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing a two-dimensional nanomaterial by chemical vapor deposition (CVD), the process comprising contacting a substrate in a reaction chamber with a first flow which contains hydrogen and a second flow which contains a precursor for said material, wherein the contacting takes place under conditions such that the precursor reacts in the chamber to form said material on a surface of the substrate, wherein the ratio of the flow rate of the first flow to the flow rate of the second flow is at least 5:1. Two-dimensional nanomaterials obtainable by said process are also provided, as well as devices comprising said nanomaterials.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst for preparing phosgene and a method for preparing phosgene using the catalyst. Said method comprises: modifying the surface of an activated carbon coating/foamed silicon carbide structural catalyst using an alkali metal salt; filling the catalysts having different thickness of the activated carbon coating and different amount of the alkali metal salt in different sections in the axial direction of the multi-tubular reactor of the fixed bed, and preparing phosgene using Cl2 and CO. The radial and axial temperature difference of the catalyst bed is lowered by using the alkali metal salt-modified activated carbon coating/foamed silicon carbide structural catalyst and by segmental filling, so that high temperature of tube wall is obtained in the case of a larger tube diameter, and high quality of steam is obtained stably.

Abstract: A method for preparing silicon carbide powder according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes the steps of: mixing a silicon (Si) source with a carbon (C) source including a solid carbon source or an organic carbon compound, and a silicon dioxide (SiO2) source, to form a mixture; and allowing the mixture to react, wherein the molar ratio of silicon dioxide in the silicon dioxide source to the sum of silicon in the silicon source and carbon in the carbon source is 0.01:1 to 0.3:1.

Abstract: A silicon focus ring in a processing chamber of a plasma etching apparatus is provided. The silicon focus ring comprises: silicon wastes an amount of which is determined based on a content of impurity in the silicon wastes and a target value of an electrical resistance of the silicon focus ring; a silicon source material an amount of which is determined based on the content of impurity in the silicon wastes and the target value of the electrical resistance of the silicon focus ring; and impurity an amount of which is determined based on the content of impurity in the silicon wastes and the target value of the electrical resistance of the silicon focus ring. The target value of the electrical resistance of the silicon focus ring is about 2?.

Abstract: A zircon body for use in glass manufacturing is provided containing zircon grains and an intergranular phase present between the zircon grains. The intergranular phase may contain silicon oxide. The body may be exposed to a halide to at least partially remove at least a majority of the silicon oxide contained in the intergranular phase from the outer portion or to at least partially remove the intergranular phase along an outer portion of the component.

Abstract: A device for making nano-scale particles of titanium dioxide includes a vacuum chamber; an evaporator, a gas supplier, a vacuum pump assembly, and a product collecting device. The evaporator is mounted in the vacuum chamber. The gas supplier communicates with the vacuum chamber. The vacuum pump assembly communicates with the vacuum chamber. The product collecting device includes a pump, a guide pipe connected with the pump, and a powder collector communicating with the guide pipe. The pump communicates with the vacuum chamber. The guide pipe is inserted in the powder collector, the powder collector is filled with organic solvents. A method of making nano-scale particles of titanium dioxide using the device is also provided.

Abstract: A system includes a gasifier configured to gasify a fuel contained within a fuel slurry in order to generate syngas and a black water. The fuel slurry includes at least the fuel and water. The system also includes a black water treatment system fluidly coupled to the gasifier. The black water treatment system is configured to treat the black water to generate a grey water. The black water treatment system includes a first flash tank configured to process the black water by reducing a pressure of the black water to generate a first discharged black water. The black water treatment system also includes a first flow path fluidly coupling a first discharged black water outlet of the first flash tank with a feedstock preparation system configured to generate the fuel slurry in order to provide at least a first portion of the first discharged black water of the first flash tank to the feedstock preparation system.

Abstract: The electrolysis water-making apparatus (A) which is an apparatus for making electrolysis water (W5) by electrolyzing a raw material solution (W1, W3) including a chlorine ion includes: an electrolytic cell (2); a raw material solution feed pump (3) used to supply the raw material solution (W1, W3) to the electrolytic cell (2); and a pipe (32, 36) connecting an outlet (3b) of the raw material solution feed pump (3) allowing the raw material solution (W1, W3) to be discharged therefrom and an inlet (26) allowing the raw material solution (W1, W3) to flow into the electrolytic cell (2). In addition, the raw material solution feed pump (3) is provided so that the outlet (3b) is disposed on a lower side of the inlet (26).

Abstract: Glycine is an organic compound that can be used in the making of a synthetic base that obviates all the drawbacks of strong bases such as sodium hydroxide. The new compound is made by dissolving glycine in water and adding calcium hydroxide at a molar ration of about 1:1. Next, sodium percarbonate is dissolved in the solution to produce the new compound, which can be referred to as glycine hydroxide.

Abstract: Certain exemplary embodiments can provide a system, machine, device, manufacture, circuit, composition, and/or user interface adapted for and/or resulting from, and/or a method and/or machine-readable medium comprising machine-implementable instructions for, activities that can comprise and/or relate to, in a treatment zone, reacting an oxygen-comprising gas, one or more selected ferric/ferrous chelates, one or more selected nitrates and/or nitrites, and/or anaerobic wastewater.

Abstract: An effective amount of at least one nitrogen-containing compound may be added to a wastewater stream within a water treatment system. The wastewater stream may have or include an aqueous-based fluid, a first bacteria, a second bacteria, organic acids, and combinations thereof. The first bacteria may be or include, but is not limited to, filamentous bacteria, Zoogloea bacteria, and combinations thereof. The second bacteria may be or include, but is not limited to facultative bacteria, spore-forming bacteria, phenol degrading bacteria, denitrifying bacteria, organic acid-degrading bacteria, high temperature bacteria, and combinations thereof. The addition of the nitrates to an anoxic zone within the wastewater treatment system may at least partially reduce the amount of the first bacteria within the wastewater stream as compared to an otherwise identical wastewater stream in the absence of the nitrogen-containing compound(s).

Abstract: In a method for utilizing phosphorus-containing alternative fuels in the cement clinker production, the alternative fuels are thermolyzed using waste heat from the cement clinker production process in a thermolysis reactor different from a rotary kiln of the cement clinker production process, the energy released thereby is supplied to the cement clinker production process, and the thermolysis residues of the phosphorus-containing alternative fuels are discharged from the thermolysis reactor, so that the thermolysis residues of the phosphorus-containing alternative fuels are mixed in the thermolysis reactor with cement kiln bypass products as halogen carriers and the heavy-metal halides produced are drawn off.

Abstract: A method of forming a glass article includes drawing a glass ribbon from a draw housing in a downstream direction, heating portions of only a bead of the glass ribbon to form compressive stress regions in the bead, scoring the glass ribbon to form a score line on which the glass ribbon is broken. The bead is heated at a position upstream from the score line. An apparatus for manufacturing a glass article includes a draw housing for forming a glass ribbon having a bead, a heating apparatus with a heat source for forming compressive stress regions in portions of only the bead of the glass ribbon, and a scoring apparatus that forms a score line on which the glass ribbon is broken to form the glass article. The heat source moves downstream simultaneously with the glass ribbon.

Abstract: A mask for laser sealing a temperature and environmentally sensitive element, such as an OLED device, surrounded by a frit wall between first and second substrates. The mask is opaque and has a transparent elongate transmission region. The width of the transmission region may be substantially equal to the width of the frit wall. A strip of opaque mask material extends approximately along a longitudinal center line of the elongate transmission region. The mask is located between a laser and the first or second substrate. The laser emits a generally circular beam having a diameter that is larger than the width of the frit wall and is directed through the transmission region in the mask, such that opaque portions of the mask block portions the laser beam and the transparent transmission region allows a portion of the laser beam to pass through the mask and impinge upon the frit wall to melt the frit wall, thereby joining the first and second substrates and hermetically sealing the element therebetween.

Abstract: A manufacturing method for a glass film includes a cleaving step of dividing a glass film having a band shape into a product glass portion and an unnecessary glass portion, and a collecting step of sequentially shattering the unnecessary glass portion, and collecting the shattered unnecessary glass portion. The cleaving step is followed by vibration regulating processing of regulating vibrations of the unnecessary glass portion in a thickness direction thereof, the vibration regulating processing being executed in at least one location in the longitudinal direction of the unnecessary glass portion, and the collecting step being executed on a downstream side of the at least one location of the vibration regulating processing.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods and systems for bonding multiple wafers. An example system may include a sealable chamber with a first and second substantially vertical post positioned inside of the sealable chamber. The system may also include a first latch connected to the first post via a first pin, wherein the first pin allows the first latch to rotate about the first pin. The system may also include a second latch similarly configured to the first latch. The system may also include a base plate positioned between the first and second posts. The base plate is arranged such that when a first wafer rests on the base plate and a second wafer rests on the first and second latches, moving the base plate from a first position to a second position causes a top surface of the first wafer to contact a bottom surface of the second wafer.

Abstract: The description relates to production of fly ash with properties suitable for use in Portland cement. The fly ash compositions will contain coal ash, water-insoluble copper compositions and metallic mercury adsorbed onto ash particles. In one aspect, the coal ash composition will have a total mercury content of from 0.1 to 2.0 ppm and the water-soluble mercury is less than 20% of the total mercury content. The process entails combusting coal to produce hot combustion gases containing fly ash, CO2, chlorine, and mercury, cooling the combustion gases and introducing into the combustion gases at a temperature of less than 1000° F., preferably within the range of from about 250° to about 900° F., a copper-based chloride remediator (CBCR), and collecting the fly ash which comprises insoluble copper compositions and water insoluble mercury compositions.

Abstract: To provide a method and an apparatus for removing radioactive cesium from waste containing radioactive cesium at low cost. A radioactive cesium removal apparatus 1 including: an incinerator 22 for burning an inflammable waste polluted with radioactive cesium; a suspension preheater 23 for, with the combustion exhaust gas G5 and a sensible heat of the incineration ash of a combustible C discharged from the incinerator, generating calcium oxide or/and magnesium oxide from a source of calcium oxide or/and a source of magnesium oxide, cyclones of the suspension preheater being arranged in multistages; a rotary kiln 21 for burning an inorganic substance S polluted with radioactive cesium together with the calcium oxide or/and the magnesium oxide and the incineration ash D3 including the radioactive cesium; and collectors 31, 32 for collecting cesium volatilized in the rotary kiln.

Abstract: A strain-hardening cementitious composite (SHCC) can include cement, fly ash (FA), dune sand (DS), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers. The amount of DS in the SHCC can be at least 25% by weight. The cement can be Type I ordinary Portland cement, conforming to ASTM C150 specifications. The fly ash can be Class F fly ash (FA). The median particle size of the cement can be 14 ?m. The median particle size of the FA can be 10 ?m.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of producing a sintered composite body comprising cubic boron nitride particles dispersed in a cemented carbide matrix by sintering a mixture comprising cubic boron nitride particles and a cemented carbide powder at a sintering temperature below 1350° C. without applying a pressure.

Abstract: Use of extruded pellets comprising carboxymethyl cellulose and at least another ceramic glaze additive for the preparation of ceramic glaze slips.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of producing a range of particulate energetic materials with tailored particle sizes and extremely narrow particle size distributions. The use of membrane emulsification apparatus provides a means of formulating explosives with a selectable particle size, without the use of milling techniques to physically reduce the size of the particulates.

Abstract: A process is presented for increasing the conversion efficiency of oxygenates to olefins. The conversion of oxygenates recycles unconverted oxygenates and oxygenate by-products to a second reactor unit. The present of oxygenate by-products decreases the efficiency of the methanol to olefins reaction, and passing recycled oxygenates to a second reactor unit maintains the methanol to olefins conversion efficiency while converting the by-products in a secondary zone.

Abstract: A process for making an alkylate is presented. The process includes mixing an isoparaffin stream with an olefin stream in an alkylation reactor. The alkylation reactor includes a catalyst for performing the reaction. The catalyst is an ionic liquid that is a quaternary chloroaluminate based ionic liquid, and the reaction is performed at or near ambient temperatures.

Abstract: The inventing relates to hydrocarbon conversion, and more particularly to catalytically converting alkane in the presence of oxygen released from an oxygen storage material. Conversion products include C2 hydrocarbon, such as C2+ olefin. The hydrocarbon conversion process can be an oxidative coupling reaction, which refers to the catalytic conversion of methane in the presence of oxidant to produce the olefin product. Flow-through reactors can be used to carry out oxygen storage and the oxidative coupling reaction. Reverse-flow reactors are examples of flow-through reactors, which can be used to carry out oxygen storage and the oxidative coupling reaction.

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalyst which comprises a catalytically active multimetal oxide which comprises molybdenum and at least one further metal has the general formula (I) Mo12BiaMnbCocFedX1eX2fOx??(I), where the variables have the following meanings: X1=Si and/or Al; X2=Li, Na, K, Cs and/or Rb; a=0.2 to 1; b=0 to 2; c=2 to 10; d=0.5 to 10; e=0 to 10; f=0 to 0.5; and x=is a number determined by the valence and abundance of the elements other than oxygen in (I).

Abstract: Embodiments of apparatuses and methods for reforming of hydrocarbons including recovery of products are provided. In one example, a method comprises separating a reforming-zone effluent into a net gas phase stream and a liquid phase hydrocarbon stream. The net gas phase stream is separated for forming an H2-rich stream and a first intermediate liquid phase hydrocarbon stream. The H2-rich stream is contacted with an adsorbent to form an H2-ultra rich stream and a PSA tail gas stream. The PSA tail gas stream is contacted with an H2/hydrocarbon separation membrane to separate the PSA tail gas stream and form an H2-ultra rich permeate stream and a PSA tail gas hydrocarbon-containing non-permeate residue stream.

Abstract: A process for recovery of ethylene from a polymerization product stream of a polyethylene production system, comprising separating a light gas stream from the polymerization product stream, wherein the light gas stream comprises ethane and unreacted ethylene, contacting the light gas stream with an absorption solvent system, wherein the contacting the light gas stream with the absorption solvent system occurs at a temperature in a range of from about 40° F. to about 110° F., wherein at least a portion of the unreacted ethylene from the light gas stream is absorbed by the absorption solvent system, and recovering unreacted ethylene from the absorption solvent system to yield recovered ethylene.

Abstract: The present process relates to a method for minimizing the formation of 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoropropane in a liquid phase reaction of 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene and HF in the presence of a hydrofluorination catalyst comprising: (a) reacting HF with sufficient amount of 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene in the presence of a hydrofluorination catalyst under conditions effective to form 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane, the hydrofluorination catalyst being present in sufficient amounts to catalyze said reaction and the 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane being formed with both a conversion of greater than 80% and a 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoropropane selectivity lower than 20%; and (b) maintaining the 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane being formed with both a conversion of about 80% or more and a 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoropropane selectivity of about 20% or less by adding said hydrofluorination catalyst to the reactor in small increments.

Abstract: A continuous process for converting carbohydrates to ethylene and propylene glycol. The carbohydrates are mixed with water and passed through a reactor at a temperature that hydrolyzes the carbohydrate mixture at least partially to monosaccharides. The reactor has a first zone comprising a retro-aldol catalyst and a second zone comprising a reducing catalyst. The aldose is converted in the first zone into glycolaldehyde by the retro-aldol catalyst and the glycolaldehyde, in the presence of hydrogen, is converted to ethylene glycol in the second zone of the reactor. The reaction products are removed from the reactor and the ethylene glycol is recovered. The selectivity to propylene glycol can be enhanced via feeding ketose as the carbohydrate.

Abstract: A method of acetalizing an aldehyde comprising reacting said aldehyde with an alcohol in the presence of a polymeric catalyst to form an acetal wherein the polymeric catalyst is a mesoporous poly-melamine-formaldehyde polymer.

Abstract: Methods of treating or suppressing pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs) including; autistic disorder, Asperger's syndrome, childhood disintegrative disorder (CDD), Rett's disorder, and PDD-not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) or attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of one or more compounds as disclosed herein.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of producing formic acid in a catalyzed chemical reaction from hydrogen gas and carbon dioxide gas, said reaction being conducted in an acidic medium comprising a polar solvent over a wide range of temperatures at total gas pressure of hydrogen and carbon dioxide up to 250 bar without the addition of base, carbonate, hydrogen carbonate or formate. The method of the present invention is advantageous since the reaction may be conducted in a polar solvent such as water or DMSO.

Abstract: Conjugated diene acids and derivatives thereof, are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the conjugated diene acids and derivatives thereof are derived from the metathesis of a natural oil followed by isomerization. Uses of conjugated diene acids and derivatives thereof in various compositions are also disclosed herein.

Abstract: Disclosed is a catalyst for hydrogenation of 4,4?-methylenedianiline (MDA), including a support, a magnesium-aluminum oxide layer covering the support, and a rhodium-ruthenium active layer loaded on the magnesium-aluminum oxide layer, wherein the rhodium and the ruthenium of the rhodium-ruthenium active layer have a weight ratio of 40:60 to 10:90. The hydrogenation catalyst can be collocated with hydrogen for hydrogenation of the MDA to form bis(para-amino cyclohexyl) methane (PACM), and the PACM contains 0 mol % to 25 mol % of (t,t)-isomer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of 4-aminobenzoamidine (4-AMBA) salts of general formula (I) preferably the salts thereof with hydrochloric or hydrobromic acid, particularly preferred the dichloride salt.