Abstract: An exhaust gas cooling device, which cools exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine mounted on a vehicle through heat exchange between the exhaust gas and a coolant, includes: a plurality of tubes through which the exhaust gas flows; a tubular shell which houses the plurality of tubes and is configured to allow the coolant to flow therethrough; and a header plate disposed at an end portion in the shell to prevent the coolant from flowing out of the shell. The header plate includes support holes in which end portions of the plurality of the tubes are fitted and supported, and each of axial end faces of the plurality of tubes is located in the corresponding support hole at a position between both ends of the header plate in a thickness direction of the header plate.

Abstract: A method for a fuel system is provided, comprising: during a first engine-off condition, coupling a fuel tank to a fuel vapor canister, and indicating degradation based on a change in pressure at the fuel vapor canister, and during a second engine-off condition, coupling the fuel vapor canister to an intake of an engine, and indicating degradation based on a change in pressure at the fuel vapor canister. The first engine-off condition may include an absolute fuel tank pressure greater than a threshold, while the second engine-off condition may include an engine spinning unfueled. In this way, a vacuum or pressure may be applied to the fuel vapor canister during an engine-off condition without requiring a dedicated vacuum pump coupled to the fuel vapor canister.

Abstract: The invention addresses a challenge for providing an intake manifold that is able to suppress interference of the intake manifold with fuel injection valves at the time of a collision of a vehicle. In an intake manifold, joint faces and joint portions are connected to each other such that lines extended from the joint faces of flange portions and joint faces of the joint portions are oriented toward positions clear of fuel injection valves. In the intake manifold, each joint portion is formed such that a length of the joint face in a direction in which the joint face extends is longer than a maximum spaced distance between the corresponding fuel injection valve and the corresponding flange portion.

Abstract: An intake sound generator for an internal combustion engine of a vehicle, the internal combustion engine having an intake manifold for distributing a combustion mixture to a plurality of cylinders of the engine, and an engine throttle controlled by an electronic engine management system for regulating the flow of the combustion mixture into the intake manifold, the engine management system being coupled to an engine throttle lever whose position indicates the engine throttle position desired by a driver of the vehicle, and the intake sound generator comprising: a sound outlet port at an intake manifold; a first sound transmission tube connected to the sound outlet port and adapted to conduct engine-generated sound pulses from the intake manifold; sound receiving means coupled to the first sound transmission tube and operable to receive engine-generated sound pulses conducting along the first sound transmission tube; a sound throttle connected along the first sound transmission tube at a point intermediate bet

Abstract: An intake sound introducing apparatus has, for example, a branch pipe, a sound creator, a communication pipe, and a resonator. The branch pipe branches from an intake pipe of the engine. The sound creator includes a vibrator that vibrates with the intake pulsation of the intake sound propagating within the branch pipe. The communication pipe provides communication between the inside of a casing of the sound creator and the inside of the cabin. The resonator is provided in the communication pipe.

Abstract: A fuel pump module for a fuel tank having a plurality of fuel tank rooms includes a jet pump with a jet part, a suction part, and a swirling flow formation member that has relatively-small openings that are symmetrically disposed on a center axis of the jet part on one side of the member close to the suction part. The fuel passing through the openings are induced into a swirling flow that is injected into the suction part for transporting the fuel from one tank to an other tank. As a result, fuel may be efficiently transported from the one tank to the other tank without having a fuel pump in the one tank.

Abstract: A valve device for conveying a liquid includes a housing, a valve needle which is arranged such that it can be deflected in a valve-needle chamber of the housing, and a drive device for the valve needle, wherein the drive device comprises an electric drive component which brings about a direct deflection of the valve needle. Furthermore, the drive device includes a hydraulic drive component which can be activated in addition to the electric drive component and brings about a ballistic deflection of the valve needle.

Abstract: A feedthrough device includes first and second opposing outer end faces. The feedthrough device includes an opening, between the first and second opposing outer end faces, that allows fluid communication between an interior and an exterior of the feedthrough device. A conductor extends through the feedthrough device from the first end face, through the interior, to the second end face.

Abstract: A fuel injection system for high-pressure injection in internal combustion engines includes: a fuel distributor; and at least one holder which is used for fastening the fuel distributor to an add-on structure. The holder includes a holder body which has a first layer, a second layer, and an elastically deformable damping layer. The first layer and the second layer are made from a metallic material. The elastically deformable damping layer is disposed between the first layer and the second layer. The holder body is connected to the fuel distributor by laser welding. The damping layer is made of a visco-elastic material.

Abstract: In a fuel injection device having a sensor for detecting a state in the combustion chamber in a free end thereof, the sensor signal transmitting member for transmitting the sensor signal is protected from vibrations and moisture. The fuel injection device comprises: a valve body (33) having a free end exposed to the combustion chamber (7) defined in the engine main body (3) and a base end located outside of the engine main body; a sensor (38) supported at the free end of the valve body to detect a state of the combustion chamber; a sensor signal transmitting member (91) extending from the sensor to the base end of the valve body along an exterior of the valve body to transmit a signal from the sensor; and a second resin portion (40) and/or a bonding agent (100) covering the sensor signal transmitting member and securing the sensor signal transmitting member onto an exterior of the valve body.

Abstract: A vane pump includes: a rotor that is coupled with a rotation shaft to rotate; a plurality of vanes that are slidably held by a plurality of vane grooves which are disposed in a radiation direction in an outer circumferential portion of the rotor; a cam ring that is arranged to surround the rotor and the plurality of vanes; and a side plate that covers the cam ring and includes a supply unit which supplies a working fluid into the cam ring between the cam ring, an outer circumference of the side plate being recessed to a radially inner side of the rotation shaft to form the supply unit, in which an outer circumference of the supply unit and an inner circumference of the cam ring are shaped along each other.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for a direct injection fuel pump. The methods and system control pressure within a compression chamber so as to improve fuel pump lubrication.

Abstract: Test liquid (3) including thermosetting resin is injected from an injection valve (2). Light (L) is irradiated to a spray (6) of the test liquid (3) injected from the injection valve (2) as a treatment for producing a hardening effect to the thermosetting resin. Liquid drops in the spray (6) are hardened and collected as particles. Spray characteristics such as a particle size distribution of the injection valve or the like are analyzed by using the collected particles.

Abstract: A method of detecting a resistive short-to-ground fault in an injector driver circuit is disclosed. The method includes determining if the injector driver circuit is in an inactive state and providing a pull-up resistor configured for connection to a low-side output of at least one fuel injector. The method further includes selectively enabling a pull-up voltage across the pull-up resistor only when the injector driver circuit is in the inactive state and determining an intersection voltage at a point between the pull-up resistor and the low-side output. The method further includes comparing the intersection voltage with a predetermined reference voltage. The method further includes disabling the injector driver circuit if the short-to-ground fault is detected at the low-side of the fuel injectors.

Abstract: A fuel injector which injects a gaseous fuel includes a nozzle and a housing. The nozzle has an outlet which injects the gaseous fuel at a flow rate greater than or equal to a predetermined rate. The housing has a mixing chamber which communicates with the outlet. The housing further has an air introducing passage which introduces an outer air into the mixing chamber and an injection hole which injects an air-mixed fuel formed by mixing the gaseous fuel with the outer air. Thus, a mixing of the gaseous fuel and the outer air can be improved, and the gaseous fuel can be efficiently combusted.

Abstract: An objection of the present invention is to provide a fuel injection valve with a reduced variation in an injection amount and, in order to achieve this object, a method for adjusting stroke, the method being able to correct change in an amount of stroke caused by welding. In the method for adjusting the amount of stroke of a movable member of a fuel injection valve including a nozzle member having a seat face, a nozzle holder member to which the nozzle member is joined by welding, and the movable member having a valve seat portion for coming in contact with the seat face, the amount of stroke of the movable member is adjusted by plastically deforming a deformable portion provided to the nozzle holder member after joining the nozzle member and the nozzle holder member by welding.

Abstract: A variable displacement hydrostatic power unit (7) is connected with an internal combustion engine (2). The power unit (7) operates as a pump to deliver hydraulic fluid to at least one consumer (V) and operates as a motor as a hydraulic starter for the internal combustion engine (2). Hydraulic fluid from a hydraulic accumulator (25) is supplied to the power unit (7) operated as a motor. The power unit (7) includes a spring device (55) which, when the internal combustion engine (2) is shut off, actuates a displacement volume control device (50) into a position with the maximum displacement volume. When the power unit (7) is actuated with hydraulic fluid from the hydraulic accumulator (25), the internal combustion engine (7) is immediately started by the power unit (7) without the need for an immediately preceding adjustment of the displacement volume control device (50) of the power unit (7).

Abstract: A method for maintaining a predetermined voltage in a battery-supported vehicle electrical system during the operation of an electrical starter includes steps of operating the electrical starter on the vehicle electrical system during a first time phase in series with a limiting resistor, in order to limit the current flowing through the starter, and operating the electrical starter on the vehicle electrical system during a second time phase with a reduced limiting resistance, in order to increase a power converted by the starter. A transition from the first time phase to the second time phase is controlled on the basis of electrical parameters sampled during the first time phase at the limiting resistor.

Abstract: A method for controlling an engine starter system including a starter capable of being controlled by an electronic control unit and having an electric motor and a pinion coupled together for transferring rotational torque from the motor to the pinion when the motor is activated; controlling activation of the motor with an electronic control unit output motor signal in response to an engine speed input signal; determining the pinion speed in an open loop manner based solely on the time since activation of the motor and the voltage applied to the motor; and selectively moving the pinion between a retracted state and an extended state in response to an electronic control unit output pinion signal, whereby the starter is capable of selectively engaging an engine for cranking the engine. Also, a starter system that facilitates this method.

Abstract: In order to reduce AC ringing of the secondary voltage after the spark event in a capacitive ignition system, which would influence ion-sensing, a secondary winding current (IR) flowing through the secondary winding (4) after the spark event is forced to flow through a forward-biased muting diode (D1) that is connected across the secondary winding (4).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for generating an ion current which occurs as a direct current between a central electrode and one or more side electrodes of a spark plug of a spark ignition engine which is supplied repeatedly with an ignition voltage from an ignition voltage source, wherein the spark ignition engine is assigned an engine control unit, which, in an engine cycle, determines for each spark plug a target ignition point and/or an activation point for the ignition voltage source before the target ignition point, and a second voltage source is provided, which delivers a second voltage for the generation of the ion current, wherein the second voltage source lying in the engine cycle for a first time interval ?t1, which is shorter than the duration of the engine cycle, is connected to the electrodes of the spark plug, and wherein the ion current flowing as a result of the application of the second voltage to the electrodes of the spark plug takes a path which avoids the ignition voltage source.

Abstract: A method of responding to a detected blowout in a coil ignition system is provided in this disclosure. The method includes receiving a characteristic regarding operation of a coil ignition system; determining a blowout condition exists for the coil ignition system based on the characteristic; and providing a command to the coil ignition system based on the determination that the blowout condition exists, wherein the command is structured to reduce a residual charge amount in the coil ignition system.

Abstract: A wave energy conversion device including a first pontoon configured to respond to an incident wave by operating in at least a first mode of motion and a second pontoon movably attached to the first pontoon by attachment means and configured to respond to an incident wave by operating in at least one mode of motion different from the first mode of motion. The relative motion of the first pontoon to the second pontoon in response to an incident wave is converted into a desired form of energy.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a control system of a variable speed pumped storage hydropower system includes an optimization processing unit configured to calculate a flow rate adjusting valve opening demand value and a first command value, a speed control unit configured to generate a secondary current active power component command value of a secondary excitation device based on the first command value, a mechanical (pump-turbine) output compensation unit configured to calculate a compensation value of the opening of the flow rate adjusting valve and/or a compensation value of the generator-motor output, and an output control unit configured to generate a flow rate adjusting valve opening command value based on the generator-motor output command value, the flow rate adjusting valve opening demand value, the compensation value calculated by the mechanical output compensation unit, and the output detection value of the generator-motor.

Abstract: A wind turbine system includes blades which rotate by receiving wind, a nacelle which supports the blades and rotates with the blades, a main shaft for transmitting torque which is connected to the hub and is rotated by the rotation of the hub, and a generator which generates electricity using rotating energy of the main shaft, wherein the main shaft is connected to the hub inside the hub in the axial direction of the main shaft.

Abstract: A system, apparatus and method for wind turbine component replacement. The method may include coupling a spreader to a wind turbine component, raising a hoist into the nacelle, raising a spool of cable into a nacelle of the wind turbine, mounting the hoist on a member of the nacelle, routing the cable from the spool of cable to the hoist, and routing the cable between at least one sheave disposed on the hoist and at least one sheave disposed on the spreader. The system may include a spreader, the spreader adapted to couple to a wind turbine component, the spreader including at least one longitudinal member, a pair of transverse members, and at least one first sheave, and a hoist, the hoist adapted to couple to a member of the nacelle, the hoist including a frame, a motor, and at least one second sheave.

Abstract: Transportation assemblies for rotor blades are provided. A transportation assembly includes a protection cap including a nose portion and a plurality of sidewall portions extending from the nose portion, the protection cap having a generally U-shaped cross-sectional profile. The transportation assembly further includes a restraint assembly including a first protrusion and a second protrusion each extending from the protection cap, the first protrusion and the second protrusion spaced apart along a width of the protection cap.

Abstract: Structural preform layers of multiple rigid unidirectional strength elements or rods are constructed and arranged for use in fabricating load-bearing support structures and reinforcements of wind turbine blades. Individual preform layers include multiple elongate unidirectional strength elements or rods arranged in a single layer along a longitudinal axis of the preform layer. Each preform layer includes one or more fibrous carrier layers to which the multiple strength elements or rods are joined and arranged in the single layer. Each strength element or rod is longitudinally oriented and adjacent to other elements or rods. Individual strength elements or rods include a mass of substantially straight unidirectional structural fibers embedded within a matrix resin such that the elements or rods have a substantially uniform distribution of fibers and high degree of fiber collimation.

Abstract: Methods and systems described herein relate to power generation control for an aerial vehicle of an air wind turbine (AWT). More specifically, the methods described herein relate to balancing power generation or preventing a component of the aerial vehicle from overheating using rotor speed control. An example method may include operating an aerial vehicle in a crosswind-flight mode to generate power. The aerial vehicle may include a rotor configured to help generate the power. While the aerial vehicle is in the crosswind-flight mode the method may include comparing a power output level of the aerial vehicle to a power threshold and, based on the comparison, adjusting operation of the rotor in a manner that generates an optimal amount of power or minimizes overheating of the aerial vehicle.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for charging a DC link of a power converter included in a wind turbine generator, the wind turbine generator comprising a generator side converter connected to an electrical generator and a grid side converter connectable, or connected, to an electrical grid through a grid circuit breaker, and a converter controller arranged to control at least the DC link, the DC link having a DC voltage level, the wind turbine generator comprising a wind turbine rotor arranged to rotate the electrical generator, wherein the method comprises rotating the wind turbine rotor whereby the electrical generator generates electrical power, rectifying the electrical power through at least one diode of the generator side converter in order to pre-charge the DC link to a DC voltage level, closing the grid circuit breaker when the DC voltage level is greater than a threshold level.

Abstract: A wind farm includes a plurality of wind power generation units each including a rotation axis, a hub, at least two airfoil blades, a pitch control system and a yaw control system. At least two first-direction wind power generation units are spaced apart longitudinally from each other along a prevailing energy wind direction at a predetermined interval and whose blades are rotated in a same direction. At least one second-direction wind power generation unit that is located between the first-direction wind power generation units and has blades rotating in an opposite direction to a rotational direction of the blades of the first-direction wind power generation units.

Abstract: An electricity-generating system using solar heat energy comprises: a heat storage tank, a pair of heat-sensitizing units with valves, a steam turbine, a solar collecting system comprising a fixed body in the form of a mesh net having mesh openings, a condenser lens coupled to each of the mesh openings of the fixed body, a condenser unit installed at the bottom portion of the fixed body, which includes a collector lens that increases the concentration of energy focused through the condenser lens and transfers heat to the bottom of the body thereof; a heat storage tank combined with the bottom portion of the fixed body, which heats and stores the heat storage medium by heat energy transferred through the collector lens; a circulation conduit which has an upper plate-shaped coiled tube and a lower coiled circulation tube, which is stacked and contained in the heat storage tank.

Abstract: A thermal gradient hydroelectric power system and method is disclosed herein. Specifically, the method can comprise cycling through a submersed evaporator warm from a natural warm water source, said warm water source having a first temperature. The method also can comprise evaporating a working fluid using said evaporator, and routing the working fluid from the evaporator through a vapor line to a condenser above said evaporator. Finally, the method can also comprise cycling through a condenser cold water from a natural cold water source, the cold water source having a second temperature, and condensing the working fluid, the working fluid having a boiling point between said first temperature and said second temperature.

Abstract: A pressure intensifier including reciprocating pistons located in respective piston chambers, and a valve mechanism which reciprocates corresponding to movement of the pistons. A pressurized fluid is received by the intensifier and is routed to the piston chambers via movement of the valve mechanism to drive the pistons for boosting pressure of an outgoing fluid. Thus, the pressure of the incoming fluid is used to boost the pressure of the outgoing fluid.

Abstract: A variable displacement swash plate compressor is provided with a housing, a drive shaft, a swash plate, a link mechanism, a piston, a conversion mechanism, an actuator, and a control mechanism. The housing includes a suction chamber, a discharge chamber, a swash plate chamber, and a cylinder bore. The actuator includes a movable body coupled to the swash plate, a fixed body fixed to the drive shaft, and a control pressure chamber defined by the movable body and the fixed body. The movable body includes a circumferential wall extending in a direction along a rotational axis and surrounding the fixed body, which includes a guide portion projecting in an axial direction along an inner surface of the circumferential wall. The movable body contacts the guide portion to restrict inclination of the movable body relative to the drive shaft that is greater than or equal to a predetermined amount.

Abstract: A fan control system and a fan controlling method thereof are disclosed. The fan control system is used to an electronic apparatus for controlling an air pump fan device. The fan controlling method includes following steps: setting a plurality of vibrating working periods of the air pump fan device; setting a plurality of vibrating frequencies of the air pump fan device, wherein each vibrating frequency has a different vibrating frequency value; detecting a temperature of the electronic apparatus; determining whether the temperature of the electronic apparatus exceeding a first setting temperature; and if yes, controlling the air pump fan device to vibrate according to the plurality of vibrating frequencies during the plurality of vibrating working periods, wherein adjacent vibrating working periods of the plurality of vibrating working periods correspond to different vibrating frequency values.

Abstract: A positive displacement pump and methods of making a positive displacement pump having a component, the component having a density ranging from more than 0 to 3 g/cm3, a glass transition temperature (Tg) greater than or equal to 150° C., and a yield strength retention greater than 90% after soaking in engine oil for 7 days at 150° C.

Abstract: A linear compressor is provided. The linear compressor includes a machined spring. An inner back iron assembly is fixed to the machined spring at a middle portion of the machined spring. A driving coil is operable to move the inner back iron assembly in order to reciprocate a piston within a chamber of a cylinder assembly.

Abstract: A heat sink assembly is disclosed for cooling a power electronics module, such as a variable frequency drive. The heat sink assembly includes a housing and a heat sink structure. The housing defines an interior chamber for enclosing the power electronics module and also defines a cooling air flow channel exterior to the interior chamber. The heat sink structure is disposed in conductive heat transfer relationship with the interior chamber and has a heat transfer surface positioned within the exterior cooling air flow channel in convective heat transfer relationship with the cooling air flow.

Abstract: A method for controlling a variable displacement pump by calculation by a controller using a closed-center-type directional control valve, the method allowing effective utilization of the variable displacement pump while avoiding the risk of engine stall is provided. The method includes determining a first virtual discharge pressure and a second virtual discharge pressure. The method includes controlling the variable displacement pump based on a smaller value of the first virtual discharge pressure and the second virtual discharge pressure.

Abstract: A hydraulic dual axial piston machine includes a first driving unit and a second driving unit arranged one behind the other in the direction of the axis of a drive shaft and oriented opposite each other. The first and second driving units each have a respective swashplate and single actuating piston. The first and second actuating pistons exert load on a pivot cradle in a functionally identical manner to increase or decrease a pivot angle of the respective swashplate. The first and second actuating pistons are spaced apart from a central plane of the swashplates which extends through the axis of the drive shaft such that dimensions of a housing in the direction of the pivot axes of the swashplates are minimally influenced.

Abstract: An electromagnetic pump including a suction check valve including a tubular portion and a flange portion that extends in a radial direction from an end edge of the tubular portion, the suction check valve being formed with a through hole that penetrates the tubular portion and the flange portion to form a suction port in an end surface of the flange portion. A strainer attached to the suction port and having a pore forming region which is larger than an inside diameter of the through hole at the tubular portion and in which a large number of pores are formed. The suction check valve is formed with a diameter reducing portion formed such that the inside diameter of the through hole is reduced from the flange portion toward the tubular portion with a degree of diameter reduction varied from a large value to a small value.

Abstract: The invention relates to a vane cell pump comprising an electrical pump unit that has a pump chamber into and out of which a fluid can flow and also a rotor with a number of vanes to compress the fluid before flowing out from the pump chamber. The vane cell pump also comprises a sound-damping mechanism into which the fluid can flow after flowing through the pump chamber and that has a sound-damping cover attached to a part of the pump chamber and defining a sound-damping volume. A preliminary sound-damping mechanism with at least one preliminary sound-damping outlet from which the fluid can flow may be arranged within the sound-damping volume, wherein the preliminary sound-damping outlet has a cross-sectional profile tapering in the direction of fluid outflow.

Abstract: A compressor is provided that may include a cylinder including an outer cylinder portion, an inner cylinder portion, and a vane portion connected between the outer cylinder portion and the inner cylinder portion, which is fixed to a casing. A rolling piston may be slidably coupled to the vane portion to form an outer compression space and an inner compression space while making a turning movement between the outer cylinder portion and the inner cylinder portion. Through this, a weight of a rotating body may be reduced to obtain a low power loss with respect to the same cooling power and a small bearing area, thereby reducing refrigerant leakage as well as easily changing a capacity of a cylinder in an expanded manner. In addition, refrigerant may be discharged in opposite directions to each other in each compression space, thereby reducing vibration noise of the compressor.

Abstract: A compressor having a lower frame and a method of manufacturing the same are disclosed. The compressor may include a cylindrical shell, a rotational shaft rotatably mounted in the cylindrical shell, a rotor and a stator that rotates the rotational shaft, a compression device driven by the rotational shaft, a lower bearing configured to rotatably support one side of the rotational shaft, a lower frame configured to support the lower bearing, the lower frame being configured to be press-fitted into a lower end portion of the cylindrical shell, and a base configured to seal the lower end portion of the cylindrical shell. The lower frame may include a main body configured to be press-fitted onto an inner circumferential surface of the cylindrical shell and a flange that extends from the main body, the flange being configured to limit a press-fit depth by contacting the lower end portion of the cylindrical shell.

Abstract: A compressor and an air-conditioner having a compressor are provided. The air-conditioner may be operated in a pre-set operation mode according to a detected application voltage or in a pre-set operation mode according to a pre-set time domain. A compressor temperature or an ambient temperature may be detected to operate the air-conditioner in the pre-set operation mode according to the detected application voltage or in the pre-set operation mode according to the pre-set time domain to continuously operate the compressor.

Abstract: A pump includes a pump chamber in which a rotor with gates is supported so that it can rotate, an electric motor for driving the rotor, a muffler that encloses a volume in the area of the pump chamber, wherein the volume is in active connection with an outlet port and a front muffler that is arranged within the muffler. To improve the service life and reliability of the pump in a vehicle with minimal installation expense, it is proposed that a filter is integrated into the front muffler.

Abstract: A centrifugal blood pump reliably prevents blood from entering between an impeller and a shaft member. Pump 1 includes a pump chamber 24, a housing 2 including a blood inlet 25 and a blood outlet 26, an impeller 3 as a centrifugal force applying member rotatably encased in the pump chamber 24 and applying a centrifugal force to the blood Q by the rotation of the impeller 3. A support mechanism 4 supports impeller 3 rotatably with respect to the housing 2. The support mechanism 4 includes a rod-shaped shaft member 41 disposed at the rotation center of the impeller 3. Shaft member 41 and the impeller 3 are formed integrally with each other, as by insert molding.

Abstract: Provided is a method of controlling a compressor system including measuring variables for generating a performance curve of a compressor, calculating changing rates of the variables; comparing the calculated changing rates with preset changing rate variations; and determining a surge control line different from a preset surge control line according to the calculated changing rates if the calculated changing rates are out of ranges of the preset changing rate variations.

Abstract: A statorless or nozzleless axial turbine for a turbocharger has an axial turbine wheel that receives a swirling flow of exhaust gas substantially in an axial direction. The turbine includes a sector-divided turbine housing defining a plurality of separate exhaust gas inlets each for receiving a separate exhaust gas stream from an internal combustion engine, the sector-divided turbine housing further defining a plurality of separate angular sector passageways each of which occupies a fractional part of a circumference surrounding the turbine wheel, each angular sector passageway being supplied with exhaust gas by a respective one of the plurality of exhaust gas inlets. The turbine housing assembly defines a separate sector outlet for each angular sector passageway. The turbine housing assembly can include a separately formed heat shroud, and the sector outlets can be formed at least in part by the heat shroud.