Abstract: Provided herein are a membrane-type artificial scaffold for guided bone regeneration (GBR) and a method for fabricating the same. The membrane-type artificial scaffold according to the present invention comprises: a first layer made of at least one fiber layer arranged in parallel with each other with a first spacing therebetween such that the fiber layer contacts a bone tissue in vivo; and a second layer stacked on the first layer and made of at least one fiber layer arranged parallel to each other with a second spacing therebetween such that the fiber layer contacts a soft tissue in vivo. The first spacing is larger than the second spacing.

Abstract: Implantable devices for the surgical treatment of bone, and particularly to a bone defect at a joint region, and even more particularly at the subchondral bone level of the joint region, are disclosed. The implantable devices may be formed of a bone material, and configured to serve the dual functions of providing mechanical strength and structural integrity to the area to be treated, while also facilitating the dispersal of a flowable material in the same area. Associated delivery tools are also provided.

Abstract: Multi-layered prosthetic constructs, kits, and methods are disclosed. A prosthetic construct can include a first ceramic component having a first surface, the first ceramic component comprising a first ceramic material, and a second ceramic component having a second surface disposed on the first surface of the first ceramic component, the second ceramic component comprising a second ceramic material. The second ceramic material of the second ceramic component can exert a compressive force on the first ceramic material. A ceramic material of the second ceramic component can include a different coefficient of thermal expansion than a ceramic material of the first ceramic component. Optionally, a ceramic construct can include a ceramic component and a membrane disposed onto and bonded to at least a portion of the ceramic component, the membrane configured to provide fracture reinforcement to the ceramic component.

Abstract: Methods and devices are disclosed relating improved articular models, implant components, and related guide tools and procedures. In addition, methods and devices are disclosed relating articular models, implant components, and/or related guide tools and procedures that include one or more features derived from patient-data, for example, images of the patient's joint. The data can be used to create a model for analyzing a patient's joint and to devise and evaluate a course of corrective action. The data also can be used to create patient-adapted implant components and related tools and procedures.

Abstract: A joint prosthesis system, specifically a shoulder prosthesis, for shoulder replacement, revision and repair. The implants provide fixation into the best bone available to a surgeon. The implants are used in a superior-inferior and anterior-posterior construct forming a type of cross or X-shape. The implants allow for interchangeability of the articulating component as well as rotational orientation. The systems will allow for augments to accommodate bone loss. The implants may allow for additional security using screws or anchors inserted into the scapula.

Abstract: A method of installing a prosthesis assembly includes installing a base component in a prepared glenoid vault, axially aligning a plurality of slots in one of a stretched glenoid bearing component and a base component with a plurality of ridges in the other of the glenoid bearing component and the base component, each of the plurality of slots having a maximum length which is greater than a maximum length of a respective one of the plurality of ridges, engaging each of the plurality of ridges with the respective one of the plurality of grooves thereby rotatably coupling the glenoid bearing component and the base component and limiting axial movement of the glenoid bearing component relative to the base component, and placing the bearing surface into articulating contact with a humeral head.

Abstract: An implant for use in stabilizing vertebral bodies or bones includes a first end and a second end, a tubular section between the first end and the second end having a longitudinal axis. The tubular section is flexible in such a way that it is expandable in a radial direction when a force acts in an axial direction which reduces the distance between the first end and the second end.

Abstract: An expandable spinal prosthesis is disclosed, including a first surface having a first plurality of tissue anchors; a second surface opposite the first surface, the second surface having a second plurality of tissue anchors; a first wall between the first and second surfaces, and a second wall between the first and second surfaces, the second wall located opposite the first wall and being movable with respect to the first wall. A surgical instrument is also provided, including an elongated shaft defining a proximal end and a distal end; a first prosthesis engagement element accessible from the proximal end and extending from the distal end; and a second prosthesis engagement element accessible from the proximal end and extending from the distal end, the second prosthesis engagement element including a plurality of gear teeth.

Abstract: An artificial disc is provided which more closely matches the movement of the natural spine. The artificial disc uses one or more projections and corresponding recesses to provide a sliding articulation. The artificial joint is inherently stable in that compressive forces placed on the disc such as the weight placed upon the joint or the tension of surrounding tissues urges the joint towards a neutral position and not farther away from a neutral position.

Abstract: An enhanced artificial disk for stabilizing a pair of adjacent vertebrae. The enhanced artificial disk include a disk and a stabilizer. The stabilizer includes a substantially keyhole shaped opening for receiving a protrusion. By facilitating movement of the protrusion within the opening, the enhanced artificial disk is capable of exhibiting a normal range of motion associated with a healthy disk while limiting any abnormal range of motion.

Abstract: A prosthetic disc for insertion between adjacent vertebrae includes upper and lower plates, a core disposed between the plates, and at least one projection extending from at least one of the upper and lower curved surfaces of the core into at least one recess of one of the inner surfaces of the plates. The recess is oversize with respect to the projection to allow sliding movement of the plate over the core while retaining the core between the plates during such sliding movement. The projection(s) may include a rod extending through an axial hole in the core, multiple surface features of the core, or the like.

Abstract: An intervertebral disc is provided having an upper plate, a lower plate, and a core. The upper and lower plates include outer vertebral body contacting surfaces which are provided with attachment enhancing features to ensure bone integration. The attachment enhancing features shown include one or more fins, serrations and teeth. An opposite surface of the plates from the vertebral body contacting surfaces is formed with a recess which serves as a bearing surface for the core. In order to form an intervertebral disc with a lower disc height, at least one of the recesses is provided opposite a corresponding dome shaped portion on the vertebral body contacting surfaces. This allows the plates to be formed with a thinner profile for a smaller overall disc height. In addition to providing a lower overall height to the artificial disc, the dome shaped portion of the plates also provides a more anatomically shaped outer vertebral body contacting surface.

Abstract: An orthopedic device for implanting between adjacent vertebrae comprising: an arcuate balloon and a hardenable material within said balloon. In some embodiments, the balloon has a footprint that substantially corresponds to a perimeter of a vertebral endplate. An inflatable device is inserted through a cannula into an intervertebral space and oriented so that, upon expansion, a natural angle between vertebrae will be at least partially restored. At least one component selected from the group consisting of a load-bearing component and an osteobiologic component is directed into the inflatable device through a fluid communication means.

Abstract: An orthopedic device for implanting between adjacent vertebrae comprising: an arcuate balloon and a hardenable material within said balloon. In some embodiments, the balloon has a footprint that substantially corresponds to a perimeter of a vertebral endplate. An inflatable device is inserted through a cannula into an intervertebral space and oriented so that, upon expansion, a natural angle between vertebrae will be at least partially restored. At least one component selected from the group consisting of a load-bearing component and an osteobiologic component is directed into the inflatable device through a fluid communication means.

Abstract: A device for inserting an intervertebral implant into a body includes a flexible end portion having a free end, a thickened portion including an outward protrusion on the flexible end portion at or adjacent the free end, and a stop including an outward protrusion on the flexible end portion positioned at a distance from the free end and spaced apart from the thickened portion, wherein a portion of the flexible end portion between the thickened portion and the stop has outer walls separated by a distance that is less than distances separating outer walls of the thickened end portion and the stop, respectively, and wherein the flexible end portion can assume a first state wherein the outer walls of the portion of the flexible end portion between the thickened portion and the stop are separated by a first distance.

Abstract: A composite interbody vertebral implant for facilitating fusion of adjacent vertebrae. The implant includes a first endplate of a porous metal material and a second endplate of a porous metal material which are configured to allow bone in-growth. The implant also includes a polymeric body positioned between and bonded to the first and second endplates such that polymeric material of the polymeric body is impregnated into pores of the first and second endplates to bond the components together. The implant may include a cavity extending through the composite implant configured to receive bone growth material to facilitate fusion between a first vertebra and a second vertebra.

Abstract: Disclosed is an acetabular positioning and insertion instrument. Additionally, a method of positioning an acetabular prosthesis with an insertion instrument is disclosed. The positioning instrument can include engaging members to contact an acetabular prosthesis and holding it relative to a portion of the instrument for both rotational and positioning of the prosthesis.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods are provided for implanting and aligning orthopedic implants. A patient-matched alignment guide is used to orient tools and implants intraoperatively. In certain embodiments, the systems, devices, and methods include an orthopedic guide comprising a body having a bottom surface, wherein at least a portion of the bottom surface has predetermined surface characteristics that correspond to respective characteristics of a patient's bony anatomy, and a pliable flange that extends from the bottom surface and is shaped to be received within an undercut of an implant to releasably couple the orthopedic guide to the implant.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a spinal fusion impactor tool that includes an attachment means for securing an implant device to the distal end of the tool, a means for adjusting the angle of the distal head relative to the handle to better position the implant for introduction into the implant site, means for remotely releasing the implant device at the distal end and a clamp device on the shaft of the tool to secure tabs, attachments and other devices. The impactor tool is preferably used in conjunction with implantation of an intervertebral fusion cage that is equipped with shims having tabs or other removing means, but may also be used to introduce, for example, an implant, graft, fusion device, wedge or distractor device into any joint space or bony region in preparation for implantation.

Abstract: An elongate inserter has a distal end releasably connected to an expandable device for expanding body tissue and a proximal end including a trigger actuator. The expandable device comprises a superior endplate and an inferior endplate that are movable in an expansion direction relative to each other between opposing tissue surfaces of a body. The inserter includes a lifting platform comprising ramp surfaces that upon operation of the trigger actuator cooperatively engage complementary surfaces of expansion structure within the device to cause the superior and inferior endplates to move relatively away from each other. A driver is supported by the inserter for pushing an insert between the superior and inferior endplates after expansion of the device.

Abstract: A method for assembling a prosthesis system for replacement of a head portion of a proximal radius is provided and may include coupling an articulation component to a head component via a first locking portion of the articulation component and a second locking portion of the head component. The method may additionally include inserting a connection portion of the articulation component into a bore of the head component, aligning a first locking channel of the articulation component with a second locking channel of the head component, and coupling a stem to the articulation component and the head component by inserting a third locking portion of the stem into the first locking channel and the second locking channel.

Abstract: Hip replacement surgery (hip arthroplasty) includes implantation of a distal stem into a femur of a patient, and implantation of a proximal body to connect to the distal stem. A practitioner uses a “trial” or “provisional” to determine a suitable size and configuration for the implantable proximal body, then selects a suitable proximal body from a set of differently sized and shaped proximal bodies. The trial adjusts discretely, as opposed to continuously, and has discrete settings that correspond to the sizes and configurations available in the set of implantable proximal bodies. In some examples, the trials are provided as a kit of parts, where each part in the kit is adjustable for height (i.e., the length of the femur). The parts in the kit can have different, fixed, values for offset (i.e., the lateral distance of the femur to the center of the femoral head in the acetabulum).

Abstract: A prosthetic ankle module allows for translational and/or rotational movement of a prosthetic foot relative to an adapter. The ankle module can include a four-bar linkage assembly. Links of the linkage assembly can be arranged in various configurations, e.g., parallel or non-parallel and having equal or non-equal lengths, to provide different functions and benefits, e.g., dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, vertical shock absorption, inversion, eversion, and/or rotation about the sagittal axis. Other types of linkage assemblies are also possible. A prosthetic foot can further include a support spring to limit the range of motion of the adapter in use.

Abstract: A method of coating a stent is provided that minimizes damage to the coating. The stent is self-expanding and made of a superelastic material. The stent is initially cooled so that at least part of the structure of the stent transforms to a martensitic phase. The stent is then compressed, coated and loaded while the structure of the stent remains at least partially martensitic. After the stent is loaded into a tubular restraint, the loaded stent is allowed to warm to room temperature.

Abstract: A stent with a stent locking element and a method of securing a stent on a delivery implement, such as a catheter are disclosed. The locking element can include coupling elements capable of being releasably coupled to one another. The coupling elements may be adapted to inhibit shifting of the stent on the delivery implement. In some embodiments, the releasably coupled elements may secure the stent on the delivery implement.

Abstract: An implantable medical device having enhanced endothelial migration features, generally comprises: a structural member including a leading edge and a trailing edge interconnected by a third surface region, the leading edge including a second surface region in a generally curvilinear cross-section, and the trailing edge including a fourth surface region in a generally curvilinear cross-section, whereby blood flow over the second surface region generate shear stress at the second surface region without an eddy region in the second surface region.

Abstract: An intraluminal prosthesis includes an outer three-dimensional (3D) anti-migration structure that is attached to the outer wall of a fully covered or partially covered stent to prevent migration and still allow stent removal at a later period of time. A method of manufacturing the intraluminal prosthesis includes attaching the anti-migration structure by usage of a polymer such as polyurethane.

Abstract: In one embodiment according to the present invention, a stent is described having a generally cylindrical body formed from a single woven nitinol wire. The distal and proximal ends of the stent include a plurality of loops, some of which include marker members used for visualizing the position of the stent. In another embodiment, the previously described stent includes an inner flow diverting layer.

Abstract: A prosthesis for intraluminal drug delivery can comprise a plurality of interconnected struts that form a tubular scaffold structure. The struts include through-holes with an inner surface configured to retain a bioabsorbable depot. The bioabsorbable depot includes a drug-polymer composition that hydrolytically degrades upon implantation. The inner surface of the through-hole can be an entirely smooth and continuous area that is concave or convex, with no geometric discontinuities. The inner surface of the through-hole can include any number of constricted and distended regions to form grooves of a size and shape carefully selected to engage a corresponding geometric feature of the bioabsorbable depot.

Abstract: Methods for accessing the common and internal iliac arteries and delivering and deploying an endovascular graft therein are disclosed. A system including a pre-loaded delivery and deployment device with an extension sheath is described which enables such a method to be practiced is also disclosed.

Abstract: A medical device delivery catheter includes an elongate tubular body including proximal, intermediate, and distal longitudinal segments. The proximal segment extends between a proximal end of the body and a first transition between the proximal segment and the intermediate segment, has a first outer diameter, and includes at least one flexibility increasing cut through a wall of the body. The intermediate segment extends between the first transition and a second transition between the intermediate segment and the distal segment, has a second outer diameter that is less than the first outer diameter, and defines a medical device support region. The distal segment has an initial outer diameter that is greater than the second outer diameter and terminates in a distally tapered region. The body is free of joints and has a uniform tensile strength across the proximal, intermediate, and distal segments and the transitions.

Abstract: A delivery device 10 for a collapsible prosthetic heart valve includes a catheter assembly 16 including a shaft 26 around which a compartment 23 is defined, the compartment 23 being adapted to receive the valve in an assembled condition, and a retainer 30 including a pusher 32 and a holder 34 adapted to retain a stent portion 106 of the valve. The catheter assembly 16 also includes a distal sheath 24 adapted to selectively cover and uncover the compartment 23 and the valve, the distal sheath 24 extending around the shaft 26 at least when the distal sheath 24 covers the compartment 23. The pusher 32 includes one or more recesses 40 in a retention edge 33 thereof, each recess 40 being adapted to receive a junction 107 at an end of the stent portion 106 of the valve. The holder 34 includes one or more elongated ribs 50, each rib 50 being adapted to fit into a cell opening 108 of the stent portion 106 of the valve.

Abstract: A prosthesis delivery device comprises a proximal end and a distal end, a prosthesis retention section at the proximal end, and a prosthesis retained on the prosthesis retention section. The prosthesis has a proximal end releasably attached at the prosthesis retention section and a distal end releasably attached at the prosthesis retention section. A sheath is slidably disposed over the prosthesis. A delivery handle near the distal end the delivery device comprises a rotatable inner cannula having a cannula lumen and cannula handle. The cannula handle is rotatable with the inner cannula. Further, a positioner handle is releasably engaged with the cannula handle. Rotation of the inner cannula releases the proximal end of the prosthesis from the delivery device and withdrawal of the sheath from over the prosthesis releases the distal end of the prosthesis from the delivery device.

Abstract: Apparatus, system, and method are disclosed herein for controlling movement of an orthopedic joint prosthesis in a mammalian subject. The apparatus, system, or method includes an orthopedic brace configured to control movement of an orthopedic joint prosthesis. The apparatus, system, or method includes one or more sensors and one or more controllers in communication with the one or more sensors. The one or more sensors are configured to be remote from the orthopedic joint prosthesis, wherein the one or more sensors in communication with the one or more controllers are configured to detect and control one or more alignment orientations of the orthopedic joint prosthesis.

Abstract: The present invention includes a walking boot device which immobilizes the ankle at about a 90° angle using a single anterior post that is angled at about 90° at an ankle joint from a lateral view, and encompasses an anterior one half of a calf proximally, and a dorsal one half of a forefoot distally. The post includes medial and lateral wings. The present invention defines an area for a medial and lateral malleolus and is narrow at the ankle and wider at the calf for a more anatomical fit. The present invention is secured to a leg using hook and loop fastener (Velcro®) strapping attached proximally around the calf posteriorly, away from any bony prominences. The hook and loop fastener (Velcro®) strapping is attached to the medial and lateral wings through brackets that are riveted into the wings. The present invention further includes foam inserts and a pneumatic bladder.

Abstract: A joint support device is provided. The joint support device may include a first tubular layer and a second tubular layer both made of crisscrossing fibers. The crisscrossing fibers of the first tubular layer may be oriented in a spiral in a first direction and the crisscrossing fibers of the second tubular layer may be oriented in a spiral in an opposite direction of the first direction. The first and second tubular layers may be layered together and may be attached to an existing elastic knee brace.

Abstract: An orthopedic device includes an elongate and rigid or semirigid strut assembly, an arcuate cuff pivotally secured to the strut assembly, and a strap securing to the cuff and forming an adjustable circumferential configuration therewith. A tensioning device may be mounted on the cuff and coupled to the strap in order to incrementally adjust the tensioning device among a plurality of preselected levels such that a first end of the strap secures to the tensioning device and a second end of the strap couples to the cuff. A soft-good assembly connects to the strut assembly and has a flexible stay embedded within with a plurality of layers. The soft-good assembly is adapted to form an adjustable circumferential loop with the stay only located within a segment short of the circumference of the loop.

Abstract: Methods of maintaining airway patency in an airway of a patient. A method includes the steps of wrapping a bioerodable material at least partway around an axis to create a wound bioerodable implant, and coupling two points on the bioerodable material to each other. The invention also provides systems for maintaining airway patency in an airway of a patient that may be used with the methods.

Abstract: Apparatus for reducing obstructive sleep apnea, snoring and/or nasal drainage. One apparatus includes an upper member fitting the interior and exterior surfaces of a user's upper dentition, and a lower member fitting similarly adjacent a user's lower dentition. The lower member includes molar extensions projecting away from the lower member. The upper member includes upper molar extensions projecting away from the upper member and toward the lower molar extensions so that when the user bites or clenches, the upper right and lower right extensions impinge on one another in substantially overlapping fashion, as do the molar upper left and lower left extensions. The upper and lower members have an anterior shape to form a gap sufficient for the user's tongue to extend into the gap, and each molar extension may include a magnet. Methods of using the apparatus and kits to reduce sleep apnea, snoring, and/or nasal drainage.

Abstract: A patient warming device with patient access for maintaining normothermia and/or treating hypothermia is provided. The device includes a first compliant layer and a second compliant layer sealed together around an outer border to contain a liquid between the two layers and to form a wrap that surrounds and conforms to a body portion of a patient. A plurality of flaps extends from opposite sides of a generally longitudinal central portion of the wrap, such that one or more flaps from the opposite sides fasten to each other to surround the body portion. The flaps are openable during functional use to provide access to an underlying patient body surface. A continuous fluid flow path extends between the first compliant layer and the second compliant layer between a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet to carry liquid and deliver heat through the wrap.

Abstract: Method for treatment of a body of a mammal in cardiac arrest, comprising the step of performing a therapeutic hypothermia of the body after the cardiac arrest has occurred, said therapeutic hypothermia comprising: cooling the body to a target temperature during a cooling time period, said cooling being performed by total liquid ventilation which comprises alternately filling lungs of the body with a cooling liquid and removing from the lungs said cooling liquid, maintaining the body at the target temperature for a hypothermia duration.

Abstract: Methods, devices, and systems employ cryolysis of oropharyngeal adipose tissues to selectively remove fat cells from the tissues causing obstructive sleep apnea. In various embodiments, a chilled liquid—e.g., a liquid or air—is applied to the target tissue at a temperature and for a duration sufficient to cause cryolysis.

Abstract: A phacoemulsification system and method, and a foot pedal device, system and method. The devices, systems and methods may include a console comprising a plurality of modes for at least one physically associated surgical instrument, and a foot pedal communicatively associated with said console and suitable for varying ones of the plurality of modes. The foot pedal may include a foot pedal base, and at least two electronically actuated sensors physically associated with the foot pedal base, communicatively connected to the console, and suitable for receiving physical indications of variations in ones of the plurality of modes.

Abstract: An apparatus provides mechanical energy to vibrate a tip. The tip preferably formed of multiple prongs positioned approximately circumferentially (either symmetrically or asymmetrically) around an orifice of a needle. The tip is designed to emulsify a cataractous lens and to collect the resulting detritus through an aspiration aperture. An irrigating sleeve whose apertures/ports are protected from relative occlusion by untoward excursions of the phaco needle by a system of elevated stabilizing devices rising from within the inner wall of the sleeve (or from the outer wall of the phaco needle); this results in a plume or river of irrigating fluid exiting the sleeve that mitigates untoward dispersion of infusion fluid and material caught in its path including lens detritus, iris and other anatomical structures.

Abstract: An improved skin substitute is presented comprised of a silicone layer backed up with a woven nylon fabric layer, the silicone layer possessing a regular pattern of slits that permit the porosity of the skin substitute to be adjusted by clinicians by means of applying tension to the skin substitute that differentially opens the slits. A variety of therapeutic substances can be applied to the skin substitute to promote healing, including aloe and other medicinal preparations. A layer of water soluble or water insoluble anti-scar compound is also present, the preferred compound being salinomycin.

Abstract: Methods of sterilizing articles such as wound dressings, include the steps of providing an article that includes a polymer layer, applying an aqueous solution to the polymer layer and applying electron beam radiation to the article. The polymer layer includes a hydrophobic organic matrix that includes an elastomeric polymer and hydrophilic polymeric microparticles dispersed within the elastomeric polymer. Applying the aqueous solution to the polymer layer at least partially swells the hydrophilic microparticles of the polymer layer. In some articles the polymer layer includes an elastomeric polymer, hydrophilic polymeric microparticles dispersed within the elastomeric polymer, and hydrophilic polymer particles with greater than 10 micrometers average particle size dispersed within the hydrophobic organic matrix. These articles may be sterilized by applying either electron beam or gamma radiation.

Abstract: A barefoot orthotic is a foot support that adheres to the underside of a user's foot and is placed so that it extends longitudinally between the metatarsal head region and the calcaneal plantar tuberosity, and laterally between the lateral midfoot and the medial arch. By using a silicone polymer or other similar material, a barefoot orthotic can self-adhere to the skin of a user's foot. A barefoot orthotic can have a midfoot strike zone surrounding the forward portion of the calcaneal plantar tuberosity, a navicular support, a medial arch support, a forefoot propulsion pad, a lateral forefoot support, a lateral midfoot support, a cuboid support flange, a lateral heel support, and a balance rail extending longitudinally from the midfoot strike zone to the forefoot propulsion pad. Together, these components work to support and align the foot and thereby alleviate symptoms of various foot and leg conditions.

Abstract: An absorbent article includes a chassis having a substantially rectangular shape a first portion, a second portion and a crotch portion extending between the first and second portion, a portion of the chassis being configured to absorb fluids. The absorbent article includes a first securement portion operatively coupled to the first portion of the chassis. The absorbent article includes a second securement portion operatively coupled to the second portion of the chassis and configured to releasably attach to the first securement portion. The chassis is configured to include one of a first chassis length or a second chassis length. When the chassis includes the first length, the chassis includes a first width and the first securement portion includes a second width, and when the chassis includes the second length, the chassis includes the first width and the first securement portion includes a third width, greater than the second width.

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide an absorbent article for pet animal ensuring a high fit of the absorbent core along the end edges thereof to the body of pet animal. An absorbent article further includes ventral side elastic element extending in the transverse direction (X) in the ventral region, the absorbent core is located in an area extending from an opening provided in the intermediate region for insertion of tail of pet animal toward the side of the ventral region and the absorbent core has a first end portion located on the side of the ventral region, and the first end portion of the absorbent core overlaps the ventral side elastic element in a planar view.

Abstract: A functional sheet is described, in which a modifier is uniformly and exactly scattered and deposited such that sites where the modifier is deposited and sites where no modifier is deposited are clearly discriminated. The functional sheet is obtained by masking a surface of a sheet containing at least one fibrous layer on the surface by a planar object having a plurality of openings, applying a solution of a modifier from a side of the planar object, and allowing the modifier to deposit onto a whole surface of the sheet exposed to the openings of the planar object, and a functional sheet in which sites where the modifier is deposited form projections and sites where no modifier is deposited form plains in a surface fibrous layer of the functional sheet.