Abstract: A process for the preparation of a variety of high purity norbornene alkanol monomers and their derivatives is disclosed and claimed. Specifically, a process for the preparation of industrial scale high purity norbornene methanol and its silyl ether derivative is disclosed and claimed. The high purity monomers prepared in accordance with the process of this invention are useful in a variety of applications including but not limited to the preparation of high quality and high purity polynorbornenes having utility in a variety of electronic applications, among various other applications.

Abstract: A process for producing polyols from a low viscosity slurry comprising a thermally treated ligno-cellulosic biomass which has been subjected to a fiber shives reduction step is provided. Specifically, a continuous process for catalyzing the formation of polyol products, such as ethylene glycol and propylene glycol, from the low viscosity slurry is provided.

Abstract: A 1,4-butanediol-containing composition having high thermal stability as compared with conventional 1,4BG, and a 1,4-butanediol-containing composition having a concentration of 1,4-butanediol of 99.00% by weight or more and not more than 99.99% by weight and containing an amide compound in a concentration, as converted into a nitrogen atom, of from 1.0 to 25 ppm by weight.

Abstract: A process for making phenol and/or cyclohexanone comprises: (A) oxidizing a cyclohexylbenzene feed to obtain an oxidation product comprising cyclohexylbenzene, cyclohexyl-1-phenyl-1-hydroperoxide and phenol; (B) separating at least a portion of the oxidation product to obtain a first fraction comprising cyclohexyl-1-phenyl-1-hydroperoxide and a second fraction comprising cyclohexylbenzene and phenol; (C) removing at least a portion of the phenol from at least a portion of the second fraction to obtain a third fraction; (D) recycling at least a portion of the cyclohexylbenzene in the third fraction to the oxidizing step (A); and (E) contacting at least a portion of the cyclohexyl-1-phenyl-1-hydroperoxide in the first fraction with an acid catalyst in a cleavage reactor under cleavage conditions to obtain a cleavage product comprising phenol and cyclohexanone.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides for a method for measuring the concentration of one or more components in the reactor or a separation unit of an acetic acid process by both infrared and Raman spectroscopic analyses. In some embodiments, the conditions in the reactor or in any subsequent step of the acetic acid production process are adjusted in response to the measured concentration of one or more components.

Abstract: A process for preparing 2-methylbutyric acid having a reduced content of 3-methylbutyric acid from the secondary streams obtained in the preparation of pentanoic acids, includes generating a stream enriched with 2-methylbutanal and 3-methyl-butanal. The stream enriched with 2-methylbutanal and 3-methylbutanal of step is reacted with formaldehyde. The reaction with formaldehyde is followed by removal of the organic phase and selective hydrogenation in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst with hydrogen at elevated temperature and elevated pressure and, after removal of the hydrogenation catalyst, treatment of the hydrogenation output obtained with an oxidizing agent.

Abstract: The present invention provides a (meth)acrylic acid-producing method capable of suppressing formation of carbides so that the production yield of (meth)acrylic acid is enhanced. In such a method, (meth)acrylic acid is produced through gas-phase catalytic oxidation reactions of (meth)acrolein by using molecular oxygen in a fixed-bed reactor configured to have a packed layer containing a packing material and a catalyst layer formed with a catalyst containing at least molybdenum and vanadium. The packed layer contains a packing material that has been used at least once for above gas-phase catalytic oxidation reactions, and the catalyst is present in the packed layer at 0.001˜0.15 mass % of the total amount of the packing material.

Abstract: Bicomponent catalysts and methods for making bio-based acrylic acid, acrylic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof from lactic acid, lactic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof are provided.

Abstract: A method of making terephthalic acid via reductive coupling of two molecules of propiolic acid or propiolic acid derivatives is presented. The reductive coupling can be catalyzed by compounds comprising metals, and propiolic acid or propiolic acid derivatives can be produced from acetylene and carbon dioxide. At least 4 of the 8 carbons in the terephthalic acid are non-fossil-derived.

Abstract: Methods for catalytically dehydrating lactate salt to acrylic acid, acrylate salt, or mixtures thereof with high yield and selectivity and without significant conversion to undesired side products, such as, acetaldehyde, propionic acid, and acetic acid, are provided. The catalysts include acid-base bifunctional catalysts.

Abstract: A process for the production of dialkyl succinate from a bio-succinic acid feedstock commencing by feeding bio-succinic acid to a reaction distillation column to enable esterification of the succinic acid. The feedstock is passed co-currently with upflowing alkanol such that an esterification reaction occurs. An overhead vapour stream is removed from the reaction distillation column comprising di-ester, alkanol, water of esterification and organic components. The vapour stream is sent to an alkanol separation column where alkanol is separated from the water of esterification and organic components. A side draw is removed from the alkanol separation column comprising partially immiscible organic and aqueous phases. The side draw is passed to a phase separation apparatus where the partially immiscible organic and aqueous phases are separated. The organic phase is passed to a column where the dialkyl succinate is recovered from residual water and other organic components.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of carboxylic esters by reaction of carboxylic acids and/or carboxylic anhydrides with at least one alcohol selected from alkanols having at least 5 carbon atoms, cycloalkanols, and alkoxy-alkanols, in the presence of an acidic esterification catalyst. The invention further relates to the use of the resultant carboxylic esters as plasticizers or in a plasticizer composition for thermoplastic polymers and elastomers.

Abstract: One embodiment of the invention provides polyisobutylene (PIB) oligomers that are end-functionalized with ruthenium (Ru) catalysts. Such nonpolar catalysts can be dissolved in nonpolar solvents such as heptane, or any other nonpolar solvent that is otherwise not latently biphasic (i.e., if two or more solvent components are present, they remain miscible with each other throughout the entire reaction process, from the addition of substrate through to the removal of product). Substrate that is dissolved in the nonpolar solvent with the catalyst is converted into product. The lower solubility of the product in the nonpolar solvent renders it easily removable, either by extraction with a more polar solvent or by applying physical means in cases where the product precipitates from the nonpolar solvent. In this manner the catalysts are recycled; since the catalysts remain in the nonpolar solvent, a new reaction can be initiated simply by dissolving fresh substrate into the nonpolar solvent.

Abstract: A method for digestion of a crude terephthalic slurry obtained from oxidation of para-xylene in a bubble column reactor oxidation process is provided. The method is conducted in one or more bubble column reactors having one or more segregrated zones defined by horizontal baffles and particle flow through the digestion system is controlled to maximize conversion of partial oxidation intermediates to terephthalic acid while minimizing formation of other contaminant products. Temperature, oxygen flow and content as well as other process and equipment variables are controlled throughout the process to support formation of terephthalic acid. Also provided are bubble column digestion systems structured to conduct the digestion method.

Abstract: Fluorinated compounds are provided. Fluorinated compounds may be prepared by a method of halogenating a carbon containing compound having an sp3 C—H bond.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of amines, comprising the following steps: Reaction of a (i) amide acetal of the general formula (I), or (ii) ketene N,O-acetal of the general formula (II), or (iii) ester imide of the general formula (III) with H2 in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst, where catalyst and amide acetal or ketene N,O-acetal or ester imide are used in a molar ratio of from 1:10 to 1:100 000 and where a hydrogen pressure of from 0.1 bar to 200 bar is established and where a temperature in the range of from 0° C. to 250° C. is established.

Abstract: Provided is a pharmaceutical agent containing a compound represented by general formula (1), a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a solvate thereof. A compound represented by general formula (1), a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a solvate thereof; wherein Ar represents an aryl group, or a 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl group containing a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom; Y represents, for example, a hydrogen atom or a C1-C6 alkyl group; A represents a C1-C3 alkylene chain which may be substituted with two C1-C2 alkyl groups; X represents a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom; V represents an oxygen atom or a methylene chain; and R represents a group selected from the formulae below.

Abstract: The present application relates to novel 3-phenylpropionic acid derivatives which carry a branched or cyclic alkyl substituent in the 3-position, to processes for their preparation, to their use for the treatment and/or prevention of diseases and to their use for preparing medicaments for the treatment and/or prevention of diseases, in particular for the treatment and/or prevention of cardiovascular diseases.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel process for preparing cis-alkoxy-substituted spirocyclic phenylacetylamino acid esters and cis-alkoxy-substituted spirocyclic 1H-pyrrolidine-2,4-dione derivatives, and also to novel intermediates and starting materials which are produced and/or used in the process according to the invention.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula I in which R1, R4, R, X1, X2, X3, X4, q and W have the meanings indicated in Claim 1, are inhibitors of fatty acid synthase, and can be employed, inter alia, for the treatment of diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, central nervous system injury and different forms of inflammation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to inhibitors of histone deacetylases, in particular HDAC8, that are useful for the treatment of cancer and other diseases and disorders, as well as the synthesis and applications of said inhibitors.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing polyether polyols by addition of alkylene oxides onto H-functional starter substances, characterized in that at least one urethane alcohol of formula (H) where R1 is linear or branched C2 to C24-alkylene which may optionally be interrupted by heteroatoms such as O, S or N and may be substituted, R2 is linear or branched C2 to C24-alkylene which may optionally be interrupted by heteroatoms such as O, S or N and may be substituted, R3 is H, linear or branched C1 to C24-alkyl, C3 to C24-cycloalkyl, C4 to C24-aryl, C5 to C24-aralkyl. C2 to C24-alkenyl, C2 to C24-alkynyl, each of which may optionally be interrupted by heteroatoms such as O, S or N and/or each of which may be substituted by alkyl, aryl and/or hydroxyl, is used as H-functional starter compound.

Abstract: To provide a novel diamine, and a polyimide precursor and a polyimide using it. A diamine represented by the formula (1): wherein each of X1 and X5 which are independent of each other, is a single bond or the like; each of X2 and X4 which are independent of each other, is —CH2— or the like; X3 is a C1-6 alkylene or the like; each of Y1 and Y2 which are independent of each other, is a single bond or the like; R is a C1-20 linear, branched or cyclic hydrocarbon group; and a is 0 or 1).

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel carbamate intermediate of formula (II), process for its preparation and process for its conversion into 3-[(1R,2R)-3-(dimethylamino)-1-ethyl-2-methylpropyl]phenol, tapentadol and its pharmaceutically acceptable salts.

Abstract: Inhibitors of HBV replication of formula (I) including stereochemically isomeric forms, and salts, hydrates, solvates thereof, wherein X, R1 to R7 have the meaning as defined herein. The present invention also relates to processes for preparing said compounds, pharmaceutical compositions containing them and their use, alone or in combination with other HBV inhibitors, in HBV therapy.

Abstract: Conjugates of indole-3-carbinol are described for medical use and, particularly, for the prevention and treatment of neoplastic, inflammatory, cardiovascular diseases and other diseases, and of the metabolic syndrome.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel substituted isoindoline-1,3-dione derivatives and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. More specifically, the invention relates to novel substituted isoindoline-1,3-dione derivatives that are analogues of apremilast. This invention also provides compositions comprising a compound of this invention and a carrier and the use of disclosed compounds and compositions in methods of treating diseases and conditions that are beneficially treated by administering apremilast.

Abstract: A compound which is the hydrobromide salt of N-{4-chloro-2-hydroxy-3-[(3S)-3-piperidinylsulfonyl]phenyl}-N?-(3-fluoro-2-methylphenyl)urea, compositions, combinations and medicaments containing said compounds and processes for their preparation. The invention also relates to the use of said compounds, combinations, compositions and medicaments.

Abstract: The present invention provides processes for making 2-((3R,5R,6S)-5-(3-chlorophenyl)-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-((S)-1-(isopropylsulfonyl)-3-methylbutan-2-yl)-3-methyl-2-oxopiperidin-3-yl)acetic acid as well as intermediates and processes for making the intermediates. Also provided are crystalline forms of the compound and the intermediates.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to novel compounds, compositions containing same and methods for treating or preventing a condition associated with a deficient insulin secretion such as diabetes and metabolic syndrome in a subject in need thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel 1-methyl-3-dihalogenomethyl-5-halogenopyrazole(thio)indanyl cathoxamides, to processes for preparing these compounds, to compositions comprising these compounds, and to the use thereof as biologically active compounds, especially for control of harmful micmorgarnsms in crop protection and in the protection of materials.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel benzocyclobutane(thio) carboxamides, to processes for preparing these compounds, to compositions comprising these compounds, and to the use thereof as biologically active compounds, especially for control of harmful microorganisms in crop protection and in the protection of materials.

Abstract: Provided herein are N?,N?,N?-trialkyl histidine derivative compounds and methods of their preparation. Also provided are methods of their use for preparing useful compounds such as ergothioneine.

Abstract: The disclosure describes methods of synthesis of phosphonate ester compounds. The methods according to the disclosure allow for large-scale preparation of phosphonate ester compounds having high purity and stability. Also disclosed are morphic forms of phosphonate ester compounds.

Abstract: Disclosed in the present invention is a triketone compound which has a structure shown in Formula (I). Also disclosed in the present invention is a method for preparing the triketone compound having a structure as shown by Formula (I), which comprise that under the rearrangement reaction conditions, the compound having a structure as shown by Formula (II) is contacted with a catalyst in the presence of a base and a solvent. Further disclosed in the present invention is the use of a triketone compound having a structure as shown by Formula (I) in preventing and controlling weeds. Said triketone compound having a structure as shown by formula (I) in the present invention has the effect of preventing and controlling weeds, in particular having an excellent effect on preventing and controlling broadleaved weeds and/or gramineae weeds.

Abstract: An electrical connection structure includes: a first metal member including copper or a copper alloy, a plated tin layer being formed on at least a portion of the first metal member; a second metal member that is electrically connected or connectable to the first metal member; and a surface treating layer formed on the surface of the first metal member. The surface treating layer is formed by applying a surface treating agent containing base oil and a metal affinity compound having a lipophilic group and an affinity group that has an affinity for metal. The metal affinity compound contains an adduct between an acidic alkyl phosphate ester and an azole compound and an adduct between an acidic alkyl phosphate ester and a metal and/or an organic amine compound.

Abstract: A novel method for preparing 3-chlorocarbohydroxymoyl-4-nitro-1,2,5-oxadiazole by reacting 4-amino-3-chlorocarbohydroxymoyl-1,2,5-oxadiazole with H2O2 and a tungsten based catalyst and use of the prepared 3-chlorocarbohydroxymoyl-4-nitro-1,2,5-oxadiazole for synthesizing 3,4-Bis(4-nitro-1,2,5-oxadizaol-3-yl)-1,2,5-oxadiazole-N-oxide (DNTF).

Abstract: In general, among other things, compounds of Formula I are provided: in which R11 is selected from the group consisting of benzylamino, N-methylbenzylamino, morpholino, thiomorpholino, pyrrolidino, etc.; R13 is selected from the group consisting of 3-(1-ethanol-2-yl)phenyl, 3-(1-ol-2,2,2-trifluoroethan-2-yl)phenyl, 2-(1-ol-2,2,2-trifluoroethan-2-yl)phenyl, etc.; and R12 and R14 are each independently hydrogen or alkyl. Methods of treatment are also provided.

Abstract: The problem of the present invention is to provide a compound having a PDE2A inhibitory action, and useful as a prophylactic or therapeutic drug for schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease and the like. The present invention relates to a compound represented by the formula (I): wherein each symbol is as described in the DESCRIPTION, or a salt thereof.

Abstract: Novel cyclic compounds and salts thereof, pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds, and methods of using such compounds in the treatment of protein tyrosine kinase-associated disorders such as immunologic and oncologic disorders.

Abstract: In its many embodiments, the present invention provides certain C5-spiro iminothiadiazine dioxide compounds, including compounds Formula (I): (structurally represented) or tautomers thereof, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of said compounds, wherein R1, R2, R3, X, Y, s, ring A, RA, m, -L1-, and RL are as defined herein. The novel compounds of the invention are useful as BACE inhibitors and/or for the treatment and prevention of various pathologies related thereto.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds having at least one (substituted phenyl)-propenal moiety. The compounds are useful in treating a subject suffering from an androgen receptor-associated medical condition, e.g., inflammation, acne, alopecia, hirsutism, wound, Spinal and Bulbar Muscular Atrophy (SBMA, Kennedy's Disease), unwanted immune response, immune disorder, or cancer.

Abstract: A compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof, having a formula I of: R20—(Z)b—(Y)c—(R21)a—X—R22-R23 wherein R20 is an aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, a silyl-containing group, a boryl-containing group, a phosphine-containing group, amino, a thio-containing group, a seleno-containing group, halide, or a nitro-containing group; Z is alkanediyl, substituted alkanediyl, cycloalkanediyl, or substituted cycloalkanediyl; Y is S, O, or NR10, wherein R10 is H or alkyl; R21 is alkanediyl, substituted alkanediyl, cycloalkanediyl, substituted cycloalkanediyl, alkadienyl, substituted alkadienyl, alkatrienyl, substituted alkatrienyl; X is —C(=0)- or —S(=0)(=0)-; R22 is a moiety that includes at least one divalent amino radical; R23 is an aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, a silyl-containing group, a boryl-containing group

Abstract: Described herein are vitamin C prodrugs of Formula (I), (II), or (III), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions, cosmetic or personal care composition, neutraceutical composition, and medical food composition thereof. Methods of using the compounds or compositions thereof for treating diseases are also provided.

Abstract: A surfactant component comprising a compound of formula (I): (I) wherein R1 is a C5 to C39 alkyl or alkenyl group and R2 is a group of formula (a) wherein one of W, X, Y and Z is a covalent bond and the remaining groups are independently selected from H, M, SO3M and a further group of formula R1CO provided at least one of W, X, Y and Z is SO3M; and each M is independently a hydrogen ion, an ammonium ion or a metal ion.

Abstract: A process for the oxidation of an organic carbonyl compound comprising reacting the compound, optionally in the presence of a solvent, with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a catalyst comprising a tin-containing zeolitic material and at least one potassium salt.

Abstract: Tetrahydrothiophene and related heterocyclic analogs and related methods for GABA aminotransferase inactivation.

Abstract: Dithiol compounds and derivatives thereof are disclosed. The agents are useful for treating ocular disease, especially presbyopia and cataract.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a new process for preparing PI3K inhibitor buparsilib. The whole reaction route of the present invention is simple and easy to control for the industrial production.

Abstract: The invention relates to pyrrolone compounds of the formula (I), wherein X, R1, R2, R3, Ra, Rb, Rc and Rd are as defined in the specification. Furthermore, the present invention relates to processes and intermediates for making compounds of formula (I), to herbicidal compositions comprising these compounds and to methods of using these compounds to control plant growth.