Abstract: The synthetic amorphous silica powder of the present invention is obtained by applying a spheroidizing treatment to a granulated silica powder, and by subsequently cleaning and drying it so that the synthetic amorphous silica powder has an average particle diameter D50 of 10 to 2,000 ?m; wherein the synthetic amorphous silica powder has: a quotient of greater than 1.35 and not more than 1.75 obtained by dividing a BET specific surface area of the powder by a theoretical specific surface area calculated from the average particle diameter D50; a real density of 2.10 to 2.20 g/cm3; an intra-particulate porosity of 0 to 0.05; a circularity of 0.50 to 0.75; and an unmolten ratio of greater than 0.25 and not more than 0.60.

Abstract: Aspects of the present invention relate to an improved process for exchanging sodium ions in zeolites comprising sodium ions and rare earth metal ions for ammonium ions. For this exchange, aqueous solutions of ammonium salts, for example ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate or ammonium chloride, are currently being used. The resulting “ammonium zeolites” are calcined to convert them, with release of ammonia, to the H form of the zeolites suitable as a catalyst. The use of ammonium carbonate also minimizes the amount of rare earth metal ions which are leached out of the zeolites comprising rare earth metal ions.

Abstract: The present invention provides an improved method for manufacturing high quality porous crystalline MCM-56 material. It also relates to the MCM-56 material manufactured by the improved method, catalyst compositions comprising same and use thereof in a process for catalytic conversion of hydrocarbon compounds. One such conversion process involves production of monoalkylated aromatic compounds, particularly ethylbenzene and cumene, by the liquid or partial liquid phase alkylation of alkylatable aromatic compound, particularly benzene.

Abstract: A process and a plant for producing ammonia, where an ASU (3) delivers an oxygen stream and a nitrogen stream; the oxygen stream (9) is fed to the secondary reformer of a front-end reforming section (1); the nitrogen stream (10) is used to wash a purge gas or tail gas taken from the synthesis loop (2), preferably in a cryogenic section; a methane-free and inert-free gas stream is recovered and recycled to the synthesis loop (2) or at the suction of the main syngas compressor, to recover the hydrogen contained therein. A corresponding method for increasing the capacity of an ammonia plant, by providing the ASU and feeding the oxygen stream to the secondary reformer and the nitrogen stream to a suitable purge gas recovery unit.

Abstract: A material includes a first lithium metal oxide (LMO) component formed using a spray-dry technique and a second LMO component formed using a co-precipitation technique. In particular, the LMO components may include lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC). The material may further include a binder and a conductive component.

Abstract: Provided is a process for manufacturing, at a low cost and efficiently, lithium titanium oxides which are useful for electricity storage devices. A desired lithium titanium oxide can be obtained by heating at least both (1) a titanium compound and (2) a lithium compound that has a volume-mean particle diameter of 5 ?m or less. The lithium compound is preferably obtained by adjusting the volume-mean particle diameter to 5 ?m or less by pulverizing. It is preferable that the titanium compound and the lithium compound are heated together with (3) a lithium titanium oxide compound that has the same crystal structure as that of objective lithium titanium oxide. It is preferable that these materials are dry-blended prior to the heating.

Abstract: A nanostructure that includes a multi-layered fullerene-like nano-structure composed of a plurality of layers each having a metal chalcogenide composition that has a molecular formula of MX2, in which M is a metallic element selected from the group consisting of titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), zirconium (Zr), niobium (Nb), molybdenum (Mo), technetium (Tc), ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), palladium (Pd), silver (Ag), cadmium (Cd), hafnium (Hf), tantalum (Ta), tungsten (W), rhenium (Re), osmium (Os), iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), gold (Au), mercury (Hg) and combinations thereof, and X is a chalcogen element selected from the group consisting of sulfur (S), selenium (Se), tellurium (Te), oxygen (O) and combinations thereof. An outer layer of the multi-layered fullerene-like structure includes at least one sectioned portion that extends along a direction away from the curvature of the multi-layered fullerene-like nano-structure.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to processing techniques and systems of metal fluoride based material, including but not limited to nickel difluoride, copper difluoride, manganese fluoride, chromium fluoride, bismuth fluoride, iron trifluoride, iron difluoride, iron oxyfluoride, metal doped iron fluorides, e.g., FexM1-xFy (M=metals, which can be Co, Ni, Cu, Cr, Mn, Bi and Ti) materials. An exemplary implementation involves mixing a first compound comprising a metal material, nitrogen, and oxygen to a second compound comprising hydrogen fluoride. The mixed compound is milled to form metal fluoride precursor and a certain byproduct. The byproduct is removed, and the metal fluoride precursor is treated to form iron trifluoride product. There are other embodiments as well.

Abstract: The invention provides a system for preparing specific sized particles, the system comprising a continuous stir tank reactor adapted to receive reactants; a centrifugal dispenser positioned downstream from the reactor and in fluid communication with the reactor; a particle separator positioned downstream of the dispenser; and a solution stream return conduit positioned between the separator and the reactor. Also provided is a method for preparing specific sized particles, the method comprising introducing reagent into a continuous stir reaction tank and allowing the reagents to react to produce product liquor containing particles; contacting the liquor particles with a centrifugal force for a time sufficient to generate particles of a predetermined size and morphology; and returning unused reagents and particles of a non-predetermined size to the tank.

Abstract: An apparatus for a programmable self sanitizing water dispenser apparatus with a digital controller as well as a programmable method for generating ozone for cleaning the reservoir and the water contained within it. The apparatus includes an anti-spill receiver that houses the controller and that can contain a ozone generator.

Abstract: A system and method of water purification and transport driven by solar energy. The system includes an absorbent tank containing an adsorbent. The adsorbent absorbs water vapor from raw water at night. A heat exchanger cools the adsorbent. During the day, solar energy is focused at a cylindrical or oval shaped vessel of the adsorbent tank. As the temperature of the adsorbent increases, its capacity decreases, causing it to release purified water. The purified water is transferred to a storage tank. A transmission pipe containing adsorbent granules or capillaries transports the purified water into a product tank.

Abstract: Disclosed is a membrane module unit in which a plurality of membrane modules is coupled together in parallel by coupling means, the membrane module including a sheet-like filter membrane and holding frame members that hold the filter membrane at two opposed sides of a peripheral edge of the filter membrane, wherein the coupling means clamps the holding frame members at the same sides of the filter membranes together by two opposed clamping members. According to the invention, provided is a membrane module unit in which structure is simple, assembly, disassembly, and maintenance can be easily performed, and a plurality of membrane modules can be reliably coupled together. Provided are also an assembly method, disassembly method, and maintenance method of the same, and a water-treatment apparatus.

Abstract: An electrochemical separation system may be modular and may include at least a first modular unit and a second modular unit. Each modular unit may include a cell stack and a frame. The frame may include a manifold system. A flow distribution system in the frame may enhance current efficiency. Spacers positioned between modular units may also enhance current efficiency of the system.

Abstract: The object is to provide an activated sludge treatment method whereby production of excess sludge is brought substantially to zero; and a method for upgrading existing waste water treatment equipment, employing this method.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes a process for using saline water, and saline reject water produced in water purification, to use for gold mining production, and growing and harvesting algae. The disclosure also describes a method for growing and harvesting algae utilizing saline water as growth medium for recycling waste water to extract the remaining metals out of waste water. The harvested algae may be used in various applications including but not limited to water purification for gold mining production and to extract metals out of remaining waste water.

Abstract: Methods and systems for treatment of wastewater. In some embodiments, the system may comprise one or more modules such as an electrochemical module, an electrocoagulation module, a flotation module, an evaporation module, and an ultrafiltration module. One or more detection modules may also be provided to analyze the concentration of one or more wastewater components in the wastewater. Data from such modules may be used to adjust one or more operational parameters or conditions in the treatment system. The system may also comprise one or more features designed to minimize adverse effects on the environment, such as avoiding adding chemicals to the stream, extracting salt or other chemicals for re-use, and/or use of carbon dioxide gas from on-site combustion processes.

Abstract: Systems and methods for treating carbon-containing waste materials include a gasifying system, a drier system for pre-drying the material, and an energy-recovery system for recovering waste heat and/or producer gas from the gasifying system/method for use in pre-drying the material. The energy-recovery system can include a recirculation system for recovering the waste heat and/or a thermal oxidizer or other combustion device for burning the producer gas, along with a heat-transfer-loop for transferring the recovered heat energy to the drier for pre-drying the material. In another aspect of the invention, the gasifying systems and methods use a thermal-screw conveyor with a product chamber and rotary thermal screws, and an oxygen-delivery system configured for delivering oxygen into the product chamber for immediate absorption into the material, with or without the dryer system and/or the energy-recovery system.

Abstract: A method for producing a molten glass conveying equipment element. The molten glass conveying equipment element has a conduit structure for molten glass containing at least one conduit comprising platinum or a platinum alloy, a first ceramic structure provided around the conduit and a second ceramic structure located around the first ceramic structure. The method includes filling a gap between the conduit and the second ceramic structure with a slurry body, and sintering the slurry body at a temperature of 1,300 to 1,550° C., thereby forming the first ceramic structure. The slurry body is prepared by blending specific first particles, specific second particles and specific third particles with specific mass ratios.

Abstract: A glass sheet is formed on a mold into a glass article having a three-dimensional shape. The mold, with the glass article thereon, is arranged within an interior space of a radiation shield such that the mold is between a leading end barrier and a trailing end barrier of the radiation shield. The mold, glass article, and radiation shield are translated through a sequence of cooling stations while maintaining the mold between the leading and trailing end barriers, wherein the leading and trailing end barriers inhibit radiation heat transfer at leading and trailing ends of the mold.

Abstract: There is provided a system and method for manufacturing continuous strand fiberglass of progressive density with varying skins. Glass media is melted into molten glass within a temperature controlled melter, the molten glass exits the melter through orifices of a bushing plate, which is oriented 6 degrees relative to the axis of a rotating drum. A rotating drum receives the molten glass exiting the bushing plate, and resin and water are applied. The fiberglass media is fed through rollers before it enters a curing oven.

Abstract: A glass article including: at least one anti-glare surface having haze, distinctness-of-image, surface roughness, uniformity properties and sparkle properties, as defined herein. A method of making the glass article includes, for example, slot coating a suspension of particles on at least one surface of the article to provide a particulated mask covering from about 40 to 92% of the coated surface area; contacting the at least one surface of the article having the particulated mask and an etchant to form the anti-glare surface, and optionally continuously polishing the suspension of particles just prior to slot coating. A display system that incorporates the glass article, as defined herein, is also disclosed.

Abstract: An antimicrobial ceramic glazing composition contains one or more antimicrobial agents disposed therein. Methods for making and using the glazing composition are disclosed, as well as substrates having a fired antimicrobial glaze thereon. The antimicrobial agents comprise metallic oxides, with a subset of the disclosed combinations exhibiting synergistic effect in fired glazes.

Abstract: An antimicrobial ceramic glazing composition contains one or more antimicrobial agents disposed therein. Methods for making and using the glazing composition are disclosed, as well as substrates having a fired antimicrobial glaze thereon. The antimicrobial agents comprise metallic oxides, with a subset of the disclosed combinations exhibiting synergistic effect in fired glazes.

Abstract: Transparent or transparent dyed lithium aluminum silicate (LAS) glass ceramic material is provided that has an adapted thermal expansion. The material includes high-quartz mixed crystals as the predominant crystalline phase, and a thermal expansion between room temperature and 700° C. from 1.0 to 2.5·10?6/K.

Abstract: Some embodiments of the present invention provide fiberizable glass compositions formed from batch compositions comprising amounts of one or more glassy minerals, including perlite and/or pumice. Some embodiments of the present invention related to glass fibers formed from such batch compositions, and composites and other materials incorporating such glass fibers.

Abstract: To provide a method and facility for enabling CO2 gas generated in a cement manufacturing facility to be separated and recovered at a high concentration. To this end, according to the present invention, the calcination of a cement material and the recovery of CO2 gas generated in a calciner are performed by one of the following steps of: [1] superheating the cement material before calcination to at least the calcination temperature thereof in a superheating furnace and then mixing the superheated cement material with a new cement material before calcination in a mixer/calciner; [2] mixing, in the mixer/calciner, the cement material before calcination with a part of high-temperature cement clinker discharged from a cement kiln; and [3] using an externally heated calciner.

Abstract: The present invention relates to materials having improved and useful properties and to methods relating to the manufacture of said materials. In particular the present invention relates to a method of modifying the surface of a material, preferably a fibrous material, to enable carbon dioxide to be carried by the surface. The carbon dioxide may be bound to the surface in a reversible or irreversible manner. The method of treating the surface of a material comprises (a) contacting the surface of the material with a composition comprising an amino compound; and (b) contacting the surface of the material with a composition comprising carbon dioxide or a source thereof.

Abstract: A copolymer, in particular a dispersing agent for hydraulically setting systems, includes at least three structural units S1, S2, S3 and optionally a further structural unit S4.

Abstract: Grouts, grout products and methods of applying such grouts that include a urethane-acrylic hybrid polymer dispersion (UA-HPD) and a filler material. The UA-HPD may be present in an amount of about 10-40% by weight of the composition, while the filler material may be present in an amount of about 60-90% by weight of the composition. Additional filler materials may also be provided within the UA-HPD grout composition to provide the resultant UA-HPD grout with desired characteristics and properties. The UA-HPD containing grouts are applied between spaced-apart tiles and/or masonry to fill voids and/or joints there-between.

Abstract: Various building materials constructed from different recycled components are provided. Such materials include boards, bricks, and the like, and exhibit differing levels of tensile strength, heat resistance, and other physical and chemical properties. The capability of introducing varied collected items, including paper, paperboard, clothing fibers, wood chips and strips, raffia bags, used engine oil, etc., and produce a resilient and dimensionally stable building material is presented herein. Replacement of timber and concrete is permitted with such a new material based upon renewable resources. The method of production and use of such materials is encompassed herein as well.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a carbon fiber-reinforced article includes providing carbon fibers that have surfaces that include an initial interfacial bonding strength capacity with respect to bonding with boron nitride. The surfaces are then modified to reduce the initial interfacial bonding strength capacity. A layer of boron nitride is then deposited on the modified surfaces and the carbon fibers are then embedded in a ceramic matrix. A carbon fiber-reinforced article includes the carbon fibers, the layer of boron nitride on the surfaces of the carbon fibers, and the ceramic matrix. The article exhibits non-brittle fracture.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions, such as inkjet inks or glazes, for jetting onto a ceramic substrate, and associated methods and systems. The compositions are configured to produce a blister relief effect, wherein the incorporation of inkjet technology provides precise control over the location and degree of blistering. The enhanced compositions are configured to form gas bubbles when exposed to the elevated temperatures of a firing cycle, wherein the formed gas is trapped within the glaze, causing an expansion or blistering of the glaze, which results in a raised relief.

Abstract: An improved composition comprising substantial spherical UFP particles and an active agent, such as NBPT, and optionally other components is used as an additive for liquid and solid fertilizers, typically containing urea. Methods of making the compositions and their use are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention is directed to methods and compositions for increasing a growth characteristic of a plant, increasing nutrient use efficiency of a plant, or improving a plant's ability to overcome stress comprising applying a composition comprising ketosuccinamate, a derivative thereof, or a salt thereof, to the plant or to a propagation material of the plant.

Abstract: Provided is a method for preparing slow release fertilizer with a coated surface. Furthermore, a formulation of the coating layer 1 comprises lignin, alkenylsuccinic anhydride, stearic acid, polyethylene glycol (PEG)-2000 and kaolin.

Abstract: A composite having a substrate and a plurality of core-shell nanoparticles. The substrate has microporosity, nanoporosity, or free volume and is a polymer matrix, a metal-organic framework, a micro-porous structure, or a nano-porous structure. The plurality of core-shell nanoparticles each has a core and at least one shell layer. The core is made from a decomposed product of a first precursor disposed in the microporosity, nanoporosity, or free volume of the substrate. The at least one shell layer is made from a decomposed product of a second precursor and is disposed on the core.

Abstract: Stereoselective and regioselective synthesis of compounds via nucleophilic ring opening reactions of aziridinium ions for use in stereoselective and regioselective synthesis of therapeutic and diagnostic compounds.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a reactor for at least two liquid materials, comprising an enclosed reactor housing; a feeding tube having liquid material inlets for receiving corresponding liquid materials respectively; a distribution tube communicating with the feeding tube and extending into the reactor housing, the distribution tube being provided with a plurality of distribution holes in the region thereof extending into the reactor housing; a rotating bed in form of a hollow cylinder, which is disposed in the reactor housing via a fixing mechanism, thus dividing inner cavity of the reactor housing into a central area and an outer area, the rotating bed being capable of rotating driven by a driving mechanism; and a material outlet provided in a lower portion of the reactor housing for outputting product after reaction.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing aromatic hydrocarbons, by which a feedstock containing a hydrogenation-treated oil of a thermally cracked heavy oil obtainable from an ethylene production apparatus is brought into contact with a catalyst for monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon production containing a crystalline aluminosilicate, and thereby aromatic hydrocarbons are produced. A raw material having an end point of the distillation characteristics of 400° C. or lower is used as the feedstock. The contact between the feedstock and the catalyst for monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon production is carried out at a pressure of 0.1 MPaG to 1.5 MPaG.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new process which comprises the steps of hydrotreating, paraffin disproportionation and hydroisomerization to convert biological hydrocarbonaceous oxygenated oils comprising triglycerides into biologically-derived paraffinic jet/diesel fuels, solvents and base oils. A combination of conventional hydrogenation/dehydrogenation catalysts, such as Pt/Al2O3, and conventional olefin metathesis catalysts, such as WO3/SiO2, or inexpensive variations thereof, is generally employed in the paraffin disproportionation step.

Abstract: The provided is a process for separating by absorption the pyrolysis gas from preparation of lower carbon olefins, wherein a primary absorbent and a secondary absorbent are introduced into the demethanizer to separate by absorption the feedstock of the demethanizer through countercurrent contact therewith at a moderate temperature and pressure, thereby to obtain a top fraction primarily comprising hydrogen and methane and a bottom fraction primarily comprising the absorbents and C2+ fraction, wherein the primary absorbent essentially is a mixed Cn or Cn+ fraction, the secondary absorbent essentially is a Cn? alkane fraction or mixed Cn? or Cn?+ fraction, and wherein n and n? are independently 3, 4 or 5 with the proviso when the secondary absorbent is a mixed fraction, n? is not 3.

Abstract: A process to improve the processability of a bio-oil is provided. The disclosed process involves removing at least a portion of the carboxylic acids originally present in a bio-oil using a weak base anion exchange resin. Upon removing at least a portion of these carboxylic acids, the treated bio-oil contains a lower TAN value and is better suited for processing in existing refinery equipment.

Abstract: This invention describes a process for separation of xylenes for the purpose of the production of high-purity metaxylene, a simulated countercurrent process using at least one adsorber with a limited cumulative total level (Hcu) of adsorbent at a surface velocity (Vsl) that is less than 2 cm/s.

Abstract: A method for retarding polymerization of vinyl monomers comprising adding a quinone methide to a liquid comprising the vinyl monomers is described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the preparation of trifluoroethylene (VF3 or TrFE) by hydrogenolyzis of chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE) in the gaseous phase over a group VIII metal catalyst deposited on a support. This method can be used to obtain VF3 in an economical manner in conditions which minimize the risk of explosion of this molecule. Using a catalyst containing a group VIII metal and, more specifically, containing Pd deposited on a support and a specific series of steps of separation and purification makes it possible to obtain excellent CTFE conversion rates and high selectivity in VF3 at atmospheric pressure and at low temperatures.

Abstract: The present process relates to a process comprising: contacting a mixture comprising 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and at least one halogenated ethylene impurity with at least one adsorbent or at least one chemisorption catalyst to reduce the concentration of said at least one halogenated ethylene impurity.

Abstract: The present invention is to a process for producing a anhydrous ethanol composition comprising hydrogenating acetic acid in the presence of a catalyst to form a crude ethanol product; separating in a first column at least a portion of the crude ethanol product into a first distillate comprising ethanol, water and ethyl acetate, and a first residue comprising acetic acid; separating in a second column at least a portion of the first distillate into a second distillate comprising ethyl acetate and a second residue comprising ethanol and water; separating in a third column at least a portion of the second residue into a third distillate comprising ethanol and residual water and a third residue comprising separated water; and dehydrating at least a portion of the third distillate to form the anhydrous ethanol composition. The anhydrous ethanol composition, as formed, comprises less than 1 wt. % water.

Abstract: Methods of treating or suppressing mitochondrial diseases, such as Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA), Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON), mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactacidosis, stroke (MELAS), or Kearns-Sayre Syndrome (KSS) are disclosed, as well as compounds useful in the methods of the invention, such as alpha-tocopherol quinone. Methods and compounds useful in treating other disorders are also disclosed. Energy biomarkers useful in assessing the metabolic state of a subject and the efficacy of treatment are also disclosed. Methods of modulating, normalizing, or enhancing energy biomarkers, as well as compounds useful for such methods, are also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for fluorinating hydrocarbon compounds, which comprises: A. providing a compound selected from the group consisting of straight-chain, branched-chain and cyclic alkanes, straight-chain, branched-chain and cyclic ethers, said compound comprising at least one carbon-hydrogen bond and being free from —C(O)— functional groups; B. reacting said compound with fluorine in the presence of at least one (per)haloolefin comprising at least one carbon-carbon double bond and having at least one fluorine or chlorine atom on either one of the carbon atoms of said double bond, to obtain a compound wherein at least one carbon-hydrogen bond has been replaced by a carbon-fluorine bond. Compositions of partially fluorinated compounds obtained with the process are also disclosed.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide for a catalytic reaction to produce acetone, a catalyst that include a mixture of silicon particles (e.g., about 1 to 20 nm in diameter) and a solvent, and the like.