Abstract: The disclosure relates to a board on which a user rides and enjoys riding for exercise and leisure purposes and, more particularly, to a reflective light-emitting board which allows various decorations for enjoyment and safety at night. The disclosure includes a transparent plate (100) having a form of plate and including reflective holes (110) formed therein, and light-emitting elements (10) for irradiating the plate (100), wherein light emitted from the light-emitting elements (10) are reflected by the reflective holes (110) thus providing the board with a visually attractive appearance.

Abstract: A technique of controlling a steam generating boiler system includes dynamically tuning a rate of change of a disturbance variable (DV) to control operation of a portion of the boiler system, and in particular, to control a temperature of output steam to a turbine. The rate of change of the DV is dynamically tuned based on a magnitude of an error or difference between an actual and a desired level of an output parameter, e.g., output steam temperature. In an embodiment, as the magnitude of the error increases, the rate of change of the DV is increased according to a function f(x). A dynamic matrix control block uses the dynamically-tuned rate of change of the DV, a current output parameter level, and an output parameter setpoint as inputs to generate a control signal to control a field device that, at least in part, affects the output parameter level.

Abstract: A portable catalytic combustion heater, wherein fuel vapor (11) and air (10) are supplied to a catalyst (6) which promotes the flameless combustion of fuel and releases that. The fuel is supplied as a liquid, passes through a selectively permeable membrane (8) such that fuel vapor exits the membrane and is fed to the catalyst (6). Additional features include porous supports and means of enhancing and diminishing the catalytic rate of combustion and controlling the heat output.

Abstract: A combustion system such as a furnace or boiler includes a perforated reaction holder configured to hold a combustion reaction that produces very low oxides of nitrogen (NOx).

Abstract: A burner is provided. The burner includes an air compressor, an atomizing head having an air orifice, first and second fuel tanks, the first fuel tank being located at least partially below the atomizing head, and the second fuel tank being located at least partially above the atomizing head, a first fluid pathway connecting the air compressor to the air orifice of the atomizing head, a second fluid pathway having a first end configured to receive air from the air compressor, and a second end extending into the first fuel tank, a third fluid pathway connecting from the first fuel tank to the second fuel tank, and a fourth fluid pathway connecting the secondary fuel tank to a distribution point above the atomizing head. The second and third fluid pathway define at least a portion of a bubble pump. The burner is configured to use air from the air compressor to both (a) deliver fuel to the atomizing head, and (b) atomize the delivered fuel at the atomizing head.

Abstract: This patent application relates to a burner which includes a burner head in the shape of a sleeve, under the burner head is connected with a ring gas-separating box, and in the space between the burner head and the gas-separating box there is a cylinder mixing box to mix the air and gas. Said gas-separating box has a independent center hole to bring in the air and gas inlets to bring in the gas. Several notches which are equispaced with each other and slant upwardly are set on the cylinder surface of the mixing box, while on the surface of the notches are positioned connecting holes to let the air out. Such a structure promotes the mixing process more fully of the dispersed gas and air in the slant upward notches, and the mixed flow rotates upwardly to reach the flame hole as a inversed cone frustum. Due to the full mixing of the gas and air and upward rotation of the mixed flow, the flame will burn more completely and be uneasy to be extinguished.

Abstract: A combustion-heating system includes a plurality of combustion heaters connected to each other, a combustion heater including: a heating plate; an arrangement plate; an annular outer peripheral wall; a partition plate; a combustion chamber in which fuel gas collides with a flame-holding part constituting part of the outer peripheral wall, and thereby holding flames; an inflow path through which the fuel gas flows into the combustion chamber; and an outflow path through which exhaust gas flows from the combustion chamber toward the outside thereof, the outflow path to preheat the fuel gas by heat of the exhaust gas through the partition plate. The combustion-heating system includes a communication path communicating combustion chambers thereof with each other. The flame-holding part and the communication path are provided in series in a direction in which the heating plate and the arrangement plate face to each other.

Abstract: Method of combusting a fuel with an oxidizer and corresponding burner assembly, whereby a jet of fuel and a jet of primary oxidizer are injected into a combustion zone in contact with one another so as to generate a primary fuel-rich flame, a swirling first peripheral gas jet is injected through a first passage around the fuel jet and primary oxidizer jets and a swirling second peripheral gas jet is injected through a second passage around the first peripheral gas jet and whereby a jet of secondary oxidizer is injected through a passage into the combustion zone between the first and second peripheral gas jets.

Abstract: A dampener or resonator is provided within a combustor casing to mitigate combustion dynamics. The combustor casing head end volume is reduced by the resonator to mitigate combustion dynamics. The resonator is formed by a ring shaped plate that carries a continuous inwardly protruding wall or segmented inwardly protruding wall portions. The resonator can be a stand alone part that is inserted into the combustor casing or it can be integrally formed with the combustor casing.

Abstract: A system includes a compressor that compresses incoming airflow, and a combustor assembly mixing the compressed incoming airflow with fuel and combusting the air and fuel mixture in a combustion zone. The combustor assembly includes a hot side downstream of the combustion zone and a cold side upstream of the combustion zone. The system also includes a turbine receiving products of combustion from the combustor. The combustor assembly includes a resonator positioned in the cold side of the combustor assembly in an annular passage between a flow sleeve and a casing of the combustor assembly.

Abstract: A cooled combustor seal having a plurality of channels enabling cooling air to pass from outside of a combustion chamber to cool an area inside the combustion chamber around the seal is disclosed. The channels may be provided through a slider, a housing, and/or a washer of the combustor seal. One set of channels or multiple of sets of channels may be provided in the combustor seal. Each of these sets of channels may be in the slider, housing, or washer. The cooled combustor seal may be used in conjunction with an igniter to purge a cavity between the seal and the igniter.

Abstract: A combustion chamber of a gas turbine includes an external combustion chamber wall and at least one shingle that is mounted at the same, as well as a base plate and a combustion chamber head, characterized in that the shingle extends over the entire length of the combustion chamber and is held at its frontal end area, as it appears with respect to the flow direction of the combustion chamber, inside a groove of the base plate, and at its back end area inside a groove of the external combustion chamber wall.

Abstract: The disclosure is directed to a swirler body for a combustor of a gas turbine engine, where the swirler body includes an annular mount face which defines at least one pocket. The disclosure is directed to a swirler assembly for a combustor of a gas turbine engine, where the swirler assembly includes a swirler first body with an annular first mount face which defines at least one first pocket and a swirler second body with an annular second mount face which abuts said annular first mount face, where said second annular mount face defines at least one second pocket. The disclosure is directed to a method of lightening a swirl assembly for a combustor of a gas turbine engine, where the method includes defining at least one pocket within an annular mount face of a swirler body.

Abstract: The present application provides a combustor for use with a gas turbine engine. The combustor may include a number of micro-mixer fuel nozzles and a fuel injection system for providing a flow of fuel to the micro-mixer fuel nozzles. The fuel injection system may include a number of support struts supporting the fuel nozzles and for providing the flow of fuel therethrough. The fuel injection system also may include a number of aerodynamic fuel flanges connecting the micro-mixer fuel nozzles and the support struts.

Abstract: A fuel injector for a combustor of a gas turbine engine is disclosed. The fuel injector includes a gas gallery and a gas passage. The gas gallery is an annular passage configured to circumferentially distribute gas fuel. The gas passage includes an inlet and an outlet. The inlet is distal to the gas gallery and includes an inlet area with a circular shape. The outlet adjoins the gas gallery and includes an outlet area including an annular sector shape. The gas passage is configured to diffuse the gas fuel and discharge the gas fuel from the outlet and into the gas gallery.

Abstract: An appliance is provided. The appliance includes a cabinet that defines an air passage. An air handler has an impeller that is positioned proximate the air passage. The appliance also includes features for determining whether the impeller is rotating. When the impeller rotates, the impeller draws a flow of air through the air passage.

Abstract: A slide-in or drop-in cooking range includes an upper cooktop in the form of a module suspended above an oven cavity. For installation purposes, the upper cooktop can be vertically repositioned relative to the oven cavity to assure proper alignment with the countertop and avoid damage to the cooktop as a result of combined thermal and mechanical stresses over time. The disclosure is particularly applicable to ranges employing glass cooktops having a periphery designed to rest upon edge portions of a countertop and contemplates various mechanisms to perform the cooktop repositioning function, including select mechanisms for locking, ratcheting and biasing the cooktop to establish a desired vertical position for the cooktop.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sucking means, preferably vortex generator or tornado suction means, preferably for a suction hood, which pulls the air into a suction hood by generating an at least substantially circular, cyclone, vortex or helix movement, wherein the sucking means comprises a, preferably ring shaped, area with at least substantially tangential channels and/or channels with a tangential component which are separated from each other by separating elements, preferably blades, for generating the at least substantially circular, cyclone, vortex or helix movement, a suction hood and a method for generating an air suction by means of a suction hood.

Abstract: An outdoor unit of a refrigeration apparatus includes a heat exchanger, a casing constituent member and a seal member. The heat exchanger has plural collection header pipes, plural fins disposed at a predetermined fin pitch between the header pipes, and plural heat transfer tubes inserted through the fins and connected to the header pipes. An interstice larger than the fin pitch is formed between one of the header pipes and one of the fins adjacent to the one of the header pipes. The casing constituent member is disposed facing the one of the header pipes and is configured to surround part of the heat exchanger. The seal member is attached to the casing constituent member, is pressed against the one of the header pipes and the one of the fins in the environ of the interstice facing the casing constituent members, becomes deformed, and closes the interstice.

Abstract: A combination cooling and heating device is provided with a cooling fan including an outlet including a mouth; and a heater including a mouth member complimentarily connected to the mouth of the outlet of the cooling fan, an indicator, a shell member including heating elements, a blade assembly, a micro switch, a spring biased trigger member, a front louver, and a frame secured to both the louver and the shell member. The trigger member is attached to the micro switch. The blade assembly is rotatably secured to the trigger member. In a heating operation, the fan activates to produce airflow which rotates the blade assembly, the blade assembly rotates to pull the trigger member, and the trigger member turns on the micro switch which activates the heating elements, thereby taking heat generated by the heating elements out of the louver.

Abstract: A turbine ventilation system includes at least one fan configured to provide a first air flow into a gas turbine enclosure, a fan bypass configured to circumvent the at least one fan to provide a second air flow into the gas turbine enclosure, and an eductor configured to draw the first or second air flows through and out of the gas turbine enclosure.

Abstract: This application relates to a building energy analysis and management system for measurement and verification of building performance. The system can analyze, optimize, manage, maintain, trouble shoot, and/or modify building systems, such as HVAC systems, in connection with the building energy usage. Measurements may be gathered for one or more HVAC units coupled to pressure independent valves, and sent to one or more Surge Panels that pass data to remote analysis servers, which can receive other system or external data. The analysis servers compare measurements to predicted values and can standardize the predicted values to account for external conditions. The comparison can result in difference values used to generate probable causes and optimization recommendations. The system outputs reports or other data display using a graphical user interface that can be adjusted for an anticipated user.

Abstract: A control parameters adjustment method of an air conditioning system has the following steps: (a) building up a comparison table; (b) determining an objective output power; (c) determining whether there is only one preferred operation point by searching the comparison table; (d) when there is only one preferred operation point, adjusting the control parameters based on the preferred operation point; (e) when there are a plurality of preferred operation points, executing a retrieval procedure for selecting one of the preferred operation points, and adjusting the control parameters based on the selected preferred operation point. The method adjusts the control parameters according to the comparison table for ensuring that the air conditioning system can be operated with the minimum power consumption.

Abstract: A system and method for operating an HVAC system having a cooling system and ventilation system to vent outside air within a structure is disclosed. The method includes monitoring an interior temperature of the structure, monitoring an exterior temperature of ambient air outside of the structure, defining a first time range and a second time range, associating one or more operating parameters of the HVAC system with the first time range, associating one or more operating parameters of the HVAC system with the second time range, monitoring operational time and operational load of the cooling system for the first time range, and controlling the ventilation system during the second time range based upon the monitored operational time and operational load of the cooling system in the first time range, and the monitored interior and exterior temperatures.

Abstract: A power cutting tool for automatically cutting out a vent opening in a substrate such as a floor and the like according to a prescribed pattern is disclosed. The power cutting tool includes a base assembly adapted for support on a surface of said substrate. A track assembly having a track is carried by the base assembly for automatically guiding the movement of the cutting tool. A power cutting tool includes a cutting blade which penetrates the substrate to cut out the vent opening. A drive assembly includes a first drive for operating the cutting blade, and a second drive engaging the track for automatically moving the power cutting tool along the track while simultaneously operating the cutting blade to cut out the vent opening pattern in the substrate.

Abstract: A variable air access mechanism and method of varying air access comprising a first film with a predetermined amount of total air access openings to be formed by removal of laser cut chads; a portion of the chads only partially cut; and a second film adhered to the first film wherein removal of the second film in a first direction opens all of the air access openings or removal of the second film in an opposing direction leaves the partially cut chads attached to the first film such that only selected chads are removed.

Abstract: A mount assembly is provided for mounting a structure to a roof having a top surface. The mount includes a flashing including an aperture; a bracket including a first portion and a second portion, the first portion having an opening and a countersink extending around the opening, the second portion extending at an angle away from the flashing, the second portion including a slot configured to be coupled to the structure; a fastener extending through the aperture and through the opening of the bracket; and a seal extending around the aperture and positioned between the flashing and the first portion of the bracket, the seal engaging the countersink of the bracket and being compressed against the flashing.

Abstract: A cushion-shaped concentrator for concentrating solar radiation in an absorber includes a transparent membrane that faces the incoming radiation and includes a reflector membrane which reflects the incident radiation in the direction of the absorber. The transparent membrane and the reflector membrane form an outer casing for a chamber filled with a gas at overpressure. Tension elements are arranged between the transparent membrane and the reflector membrane The tension elements produce constrictions on the reflector membrane that separate a plurality of distinct concavely curved sections of the reflector membrane.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a solar array structure that includes a first vertical column having a first height and a second vertical column having a second height, the second height being taller than the first height. The solar array support structure further includes a first horizontal beam attached to and extending across a top of the first vertical column and a second horizontal beam attached to and extending across a top of the second vertical column. The solar array support structure further includes at least one solar panel attached above the first horizontal beam and the second horizontal beam in a plane that extends between the first horizontal beam and the second horizontal beam. Finally, the solar array support structure further includes a telescopic wind brace extending between an upper portion of the first vertical column and a lower portion of the second vertical column.

Abstract: Motorized rotational drive system (8) for rotating a framework about an axis of rotation, preferably a horizontal axis of rotation, for a solar collector tracker support system, said motorized system comprising: two ring gear sectors (80) extending in two planes orthogonal to the axis of rotation and provided with means of attachment to said framework; a transmission shaft (82) supporting two pinions (81) in mesh with the corresponding ring gear sectors (80) for synchronized rotation of said ring gear sectors (80); and a motorized drive means for driving the rotation of said transmission shaft (82).

Abstract: A geothermal system with earth grounding component for providing electrical grounding is introduced. The geothermal system includes: a geothermal component configured to perform heat exchange; wherein the geothermal component comprises at least one heat exchange tube configured to extend into an underground environment; and an earth grounding component configured to provide earth grounding for electronic equipment; wherein the earth grounding component includes at least one conductive rod coupled to and extended along the at least one heat exchange tube, and the at least one conductive rod is configured to electrically couple to a grounding interface of the electronic equipment.

Abstract: A refrigeration cycle device selectively performs a heating operation and a cooling operation. The refrigeration cycle device includes: a compressor that suctions a refrigerant and compresses the refrigerant; a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger, a third heat exchanger, and a fourth heat exchanger each of which exchanges heat with the refrigerant; an ejector that includes a refrigerant inlet port, a refrigerant suction port, and a refrigerant outlet port; a controller that is connected between the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger and configured to control a flow rate of the refrigerant; and a switching device configured to perform switching of a flow path of the refrigerant in both the heating and cooling operations.

Abstract: Temperature control systems and methods can be designed for controlling the interior climate of a vehicle or other the climate of another desired region. The temperature control system for a vehicle can have a thermoelectric system providing heating and/or cooling, including supplemental heating and/or cooling. The thermoelectric system can transfer thermal energy between a working fluid, such as liquid coolant, and comfort air upon application of electric current of a selected polarity. The thermoelectric system can supplement or replace the heat provided from an internal combustion engine or other primary heat source. The thermoelectric system can also supplement or replace cold energy provided from a compressor-based refrigeration system or other primary cold energy source.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a regulated thermal transfer device for a storage container includes: a phase change material unit, the phase change material unit including one or more walls surrounding a phase-change material region, and an aperture in the one or more walls; a heat pipe with a first end positioned within the phase change material unit, and a second end; a thermoelectric unit thermally connected to the second end of the heat pipe; a heat sink connected to the thermoelectric unit, and positioned to radiate heat away from the thermoelectric unit; and an electronic controller operably connected to the thermoelectric unit; wherein the regulated thermal transfer device is of a size and shape to be positioned so that the phase change material unit is within a storage region of a temperature-stabilized storage container, and the thermoelectric unit is positioned adjacent to an external surface of the temperature-stabilized storage container.

Abstract: A carbon dioxide removal system includes a chilled ammonia carbon capture system; an absorber refrigeration system in fluid communication with the chilled ammonia system; and a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) in fluid communication with the chilled ammonia system and the absorber refrigeration system.

Abstract: An air conditioning unit including a condenser, a compressor, an evaporator system having an evaporator coil and a plurality of evaporator fins in contact with the evaporator coil, wherein the evaporator system forms a generally hollow cylindrical shape, a blower having an intake side and an exhaust side, the blower adapted to draw a volume of air through the plurality of evaporator fins and expel the volume of air in a direction generally perpendicular with a longitudinal axis of the evaporator system, and an exhaust shroud arranged adjacent the exhaust side of the blower, wherein the exhaust shroud is adapted for rotational movement about the longitudinal axis of the evaporator system, the compressor is arranged in fluid communication with the evaporator system and the condenser, and the evaporator is arranged in fluid communication with the condenser.

Abstract: A refrigerant recovery unit with improved charging accuracy is provided. In some embodiments, the contamination of charging refrigerant can be prevented while also providing greater refrigerant flow control. In addition, methods associated therewith for servicing refrigerant containing refrigeration systems are provided. In some aspects, the methods include steps that can be used to achieve more accurate assessments of the refrigerant that is charged into the refrigeration systems during servicing.

Abstract: An insulated icemaking compartment is provided in the fresh food compartment of a bottom mount refrigerator. The icemaking compartment may be integrally formed with the liner of the fresh food compartment, or alternatively, may be modular for installation anywhere in the fresh food compartment. A removable bin assembly with a front cover normally seals the icemaking compartment to maintain the temperature in the compartment. A cold air duct formed in the rear wall of the refrigerator supplies cold air from the freezer compartment to the icemaking compartment. A return air duct directs a portion of the air from the icemaking compartment back to the freezer compartment. An air vent in the icemaking compartment directs another portion of air into the fresh food compartment. A control system provides for controlling refrigerator functions in a manner that promotes energy efficiency.

Abstract: A thermally insulated receptacle includes a body, a cover, and a loudspeaker. The body defines a cavity. The cover is operatively coupled to the body and movable relative to the body to selectively cover the cavity. The loudspeaker is pivotably coupled to the body. The receptacle may include a spigot that is configured to be fluidly coupled to a bottle.

Abstract: A cooling system includes a first indirect heat exchanger configured to receive return air from an interior space and output conditioned air back into the interior space. The cooling system further includes a second indirect heat exchanger configured to receive outside air. A fluid conduit directs a flow of cooling fluid from the first indirect heat exchanger, through the second indirect heat exchanger, and back to the first indirect heat exchanger. A pump circulates the cooling fluid between the first and second indirect heat exchangers at a fluid velocity that is relatively slow. Additionally, return air and outside air flows through corresponding indirect heat exchangers at air velocities that are also relatively slow. The relatively slow fluid velocity and air velocities enhance an efficiency of heat transfer between the cooling fluid and the return air and between the cooling fluid and outside air.

Abstract: A ball is provided forming an inside structure of the snow person, the ball having an inner and outer surface. The ball is a unitary work piece that is free and unconnected to other work pieces. An adhesion surface is disposed on the outer surface of the ball, the adhesion surface provided with nodules that extend away from the surface of the ball to adhere snow while the ball is rolled. Light units are integrated into the surface of the ball and having light emitting portions that extend away from the surface of the ball. A light output of the light units is selected to transmit light through a layer of snow. Connections between the light units situated within the ball connect the light units together.

Abstract: A refrigerator including a refrigeration cycle including a refrigerant pipe to supply cooling energy to an ice making compartment, an ice making tray, on which at least a portion of the refrigerant pipe is seated, a drainage duct to collect condensed water falling from the ice making tray or from at least a portion of the refrigerant pipe, and to drain the collected water, and at least one fixer to fix at least a portion of the refrigerant pipe to the ice making tray. The fixer is protruded from the drainage duct.

Abstract: A refrigerator is disclosed. The disclosed refrigerator includes a body having a storage chamber, a first door pivotably provided at a front side of the body, to open or close the storage chamber, the first door having an opening, and at least one door pocket provided at the opening, a second door pivotably provided at a front side of the first door, to open or close the opening, the second door pivoting in the same direction as the first door, a first upper hinge and a first lower hinge respectively coupled to upper and lower surfaces of the body, to pivotably support the first door, and a second upper hinge and a second lower hinge respectively coupled to upper and lower surfaces of the first door, to pivotably support the second door.

Abstract: Provided are a guard assembly that is rotatably installed at a rear side of a door of a refrigerator and the refrigerator including the same. The guard assembly in accordance with an embodiment, is installed at a rear side of a door of a refrigerator. The guard assembly includes a body portion which is placed at the rear side of the door and to which a supporting tray is coupled, and a rotation unit that causes the body portion to be rotatably coupled to the door. The rotation unit includes a guide member having a coupling hole and coupled to one side of the rear side of the door, and a hinge member having one side coupled to the body portion and another side rotatably coupled to the coupling hole.

Abstract: An appliance system that includes an appliance and a turbo-chilling chamber is provided. In one embodiment, the turbo-chilling chamber for chilling a beverage within a beverage container or a foodstuff is operably engaged to an interior surface of the appliance and typically includes a rigid outer wall; a flexible inner wall defining a coolant chamber; and at least one coolant spaced between the rigid outer wall and flexible inner wall in the coolant chamber. The flexible inner wall defines a receiving space, accommodates various sized beverage containers or foodstuffs, and moves between a first position and a second position. The coolant within the coolant chamber is typically at higher than atmospheric pressure when the flexible inner wall is in the second position and a lesser pressure when the flexible inner wall is in the first position. The method of turbo-chilling a beverage container/beverage/foodstuff within the turbo-chilling chamber is also provided.

Abstract: A shelving assembly includes ladder rails mounted within spaced elongated pockets formed in the rear wall of a refrigerator compartment. Each ladder rail presents a front, side, rear wall portions. Adjacent the front wall portion, a vertical slot is defined, at least in part, by an in-turned portion of the front wall portion. Offset from the slot, the in-turned portion is formed with a plurality of vertically spaced and rearwardly projecting hooks. Each shelf of the assembly includes arms, each having an anchoring pin and a support foot. In mounting the shelf, the support foot and the anchoring pin of each arm are placed through a cutout formed in the front wall portion of a respective ladder, the shelf is arranged in a desired vertical position with the arm sliding within the slot, and then the anchoring pin is supported upon a respective one of the hooks.

Abstract: An air conditioner is provided. The air conditioner includes at least one outdoor unit, a plurality of indoor units, and at least one remote controller to receive operation commands for the plural indoor units. One of the plural indoor units may be selected as a power-supplying indoor unit to supply electric power to the at least one remote controller, based on voltage values of electric power to be supplied from the plural indoor units to the at least one remote controller. The selected indoor unit supplies electric power to the at least one controller. The air conditioner enables a supply of electric power with a sufficiently high voltage to a remote controller by supplying electric power to the remote controller by one indoor unit exhibiting a highest voltage value of electric power to be supplied to the remote controller, as compared to other indoor units.

Abstract: A method and system for improving high excess air combustion system efficiency, including induration furnaces, using a re-routing of flue gas within the system by gas recirculation. Flue gas is drawn from hot system zones including zones near the stack, for re-introduction into the process whereby the heat recovery partially replaces fuel input. At least one pre-combustion drying zone, at least one combustion zone, and at least a first cooling zone exist in these furnaces. At least one exhaust gas outlet is provided to each pre-combustion drying and combustion zone. At least part of the gaseous flow from each system zone exhaust outlet is selectively delivered to an overall system exhaust, the remaining flow being selectively delivered via recirculation to cooling zones. Recirculation flow is adjusted to meet required system temperatures and pressures. The method and system provide efficiency improvements, reducing fuel requirements and greenhouse gas emissions.

Abstract: A primary heat exchanger for use in an environmental control system of an aircraft is provided having a rectangular core. The core includes a plurality of alternately stacked first fluid layers and second fluid layers. The core has a length to width ratio of about 4.88 and a width to height ratio of about 2.37. A first header is positioned adjacent a first surface of the core and a second header is positioned adjacent a second opposite surface of the core. The first header and the second header form a portion of a flow path for a first fluid. An inlet flange is positioned adjacent a third surface of the core. An outlet flange is positioned adjacent a fourth, opposite surface of the core to form a portion of a flow path for a second fluid.

Abstract: A low cost hybrid horizontal drainpipe heat exchanger using a mixture of plastic and copper to reduce cost, the heat exchanger including a conduit which has upper and lower tube segments sealed together along respective longitudinal edges so as to create a tube or a pipe wherein the lower segment is thermally conductive and the upper segment is thermally insulative, the arrangement being such that any drainwater flowing through the drainpipe will flow interiorly on the lower segment for heat exchange purposes.