Abstract: A single-photon or ultra-weak light multi-D imaging spectral system and method. In order to realize rough time resolution, a time-resolved single-photon counting 2D imaging system for forming color or grey imaging is provided. Moreover, in order to realize high-precision time resolution, the system comprises a light source, an imaging spectral measurement unit, an electric detection unit, a system control unit and an algorithm unit. The light carrying information of an object is imaged on a spatial light modulator and randomly modulated according to compressed sensing theory, emergent light of a grating is collected using a point or array single-photon detector, the number of photons and photon arrival time are recorded, and reconstruction is carried out using the compressed sensing algorithm and related algorithm of the spectral imaging. The system provides single-photon detection sensitivity, high time resolution and wide spectral range, and can be applied in numerous new high-tech industries.

Abstract: The detection of rare cells can be achieved with high efficiency, without deteriorating the sensitivity of the detection. A detection method which enables the above-mentioned detection comprises: a first step of carrying out a pretreatment for removing erythrocytes from blood to prepare a cell suspension containing leukocytes and rare cells; a second step of providing all of the cells contained in the cell suspension produced in the first step onto an observation area having multiple holes formed thereon; a third step of taking an optical image of the cells that have been provided on the observation area; and a forth step of detecting the rare cells from the image obtained by the image taking in the third step.

Abstract: In a noninvasive system for detection/measurement of glucose and other analytes in a medium such as tissue, spectra from the medium are deconstructed into features. Conditioned features, which contain frequency components specific to glucose or the other analytes, are derived from one or more features by modulating a carrier kernel with the feature. The conditioned features are computationally collided with one or more Zyotons that are co-dependent with the conditioned features. One or more collisions amplify a property of the analyte e.g., energy absorbed by glucose in tissue from radiation directed to the skin. A gradient of several values of the amplified property, each value corresponding to a particular radiation pattern according to a spectroscopic tomographic sequence, is used to select a suitable projector curve, with which a representative amplified value is projected to an accurate estimate of the concentration of glucose or the other analytes, without needing personalized calibration.

Abstract: In a noninvasive system for detection/measurement of glucose and other analytes in a medium such as tissue, illumination is directed to the medium and corresponding radiation from the medium is collected. Spectral energy changes associated with fragment(s)/feature(s) obtained from the collected radiation are determined using collision computing. Such spectral energy changes generally represent analyte concentration. The collection of radiation and/or illumination is controlled either to target a particular volume of the medium or such that the spectral energy changes become directionally monotonic with respect to analyte concentration, or both. The collection parameters include: duration of collection, location and/or a size of a collection spot on the medium surface, and angle of a collector relative to the medium surface. The illuminated and/or collection spots may be treated to improve accuracy of analyte measurement.

Abstract: A method is provided for determining a physical property of a malt beverage sample. The method includes measuring a refractive index of the malt beverage sample. The method further includes determining a temperature-compensated measured refractive index by temperature correcting the measured refractive index relative to a predetermined reference temperature. The temperature correcting is specific to the total dissolved solids of the malt beverage sample. The method also includes converting the temperature-compensated measured refractive index to a unit of measurement. The unit of measurement relates to a physical property of the malt beverage sample. Apparatus are also provided.

Abstract: A measurement device and method for the detection of airborne particles. The device includes a nozzle designed to produce a laminar flow of air with a flow path beyond the nozzle, a first laser and a second laser being positioned for emitting time-amplitude modulated laser light with intersecting laser beams with a laser beam intersection region in a region of the air flow path, and two photodetectors positioned for the detection of laser light scattered in the laser beam intersection region by airborne particles contained in the laminar air flow. The lasers are designed for emission of time-amplitude modulated laser light of identical laser emission wavelength, and the photodetectors are positioned and designed each for the detection of scattered laser light from both lasers.

Abstract: A beam detector including a light source, a receiver, and a target, acting in cooperation to detect particles in a monitored area. The target reflects incident light, resulting in reflected light being returned to receiver. The receiver is capable of recording and reporting light intensity at a plurality of points across its field of view. In the preferred form the detector emits a first light beam in a first wavelength band; a second light beam in a second wavelength band; and a third light beam in a third wavelength band, wherein the first and second wavelengths bands are substantially equal and are different to the third wavelength band.

Abstract: A light measuring arrangement maintains the initial filtering function of an optical filter having a dye dispersed therein. The light measuring arrangement includes a measuring unit configured to measure an intensity of light emitted from a measurement target at a predetermined wavelength. The light measuring arrangement also includes the optical filter unit having the dye. The light measuring arrangement also includes a dye diffusion restricting unit configured to restrict diffusion of the dye from the optical filter unit. The optical filter unit constitutes part of an optical path for the light traveling from the measurement target to the light measuring unit.

Abstract: A biological growth inhibition factor assay method includes: a first step of mixing a photosynthetic sample, with an aqueous solution sample to prepare a test measurement solution, letting the test measurement solution stand, and then after illuminating light onto the test measurement solution for a predetermined illumination time, measuring the light amount of the delayed fluorescence that is emitted; a second step of mixing the photosynthetic sample with a standard sample, in which biological growth inhibition factors are not present, to prepare a standard measurement solution, letting the standard measurement solution stand, and then after illuminating light onto the standard measurement solution for a predetermined illumination time, measuring the light amount of the delayed fluorescence that is emitted; and a third step of computing assay values based on the light amounts of delayed fluorescence, respectively measured in the first step and the second step, and determining a comparison value of the assay

Abstract: At least two luminescent materials are intermingled within a security feature. The materials are selected from among a larger set of luminescent materials each having a different individual exponential decay characteristic (decay constant and initial amplitude response to the degree of excitation) for photo-luminescent emission from the respective material following excitation. The ratio of the decay constants for any two materials is greater than or equal to about 1.5. The selected materials are mixed in one of a plurality of predetermined ratios. The combined emissions from the intermingled materials appear, to an unsophisticated measuring device, to have a single exponential decay constant. Based on measurements for the decay of the combined emissions following excitation, estimates of the individual decay constants and associated initial emission amplitudes allow decoding of the particular combination of materials and/or their ratios to validate the security feature, authenticating the article.

Abstract: The invention describes a method for the identification of compounds which bind to a target component of a biochemical system or modulate the activity of the target, comprising the steps of: a.) compartmentalizing the compounds into microcapsules together with the target, such that only a subset of the repertoire is represented in multiple copies in any one microcapsules; and b.) identifying the compound which binds to or modulates the activity of the target. The invention enables the screening of large repertoires of molecules which can serve as leads for drug development.

Abstract: The invention provides dendrimers, conjugates thereof, and methods of using dendrimer conjugates. In one embodiment, the invention provides novel polymeric dendrimers as a new class of fluorescent labels. The labels can include multiple fluorescent dye molecules conjugated to a single polymeric backbone or core, such as a dendrimer. The dendrimers can have regular or irregular branched polymeric network structures that allow for the chemical attachment of multiple dye molecules, multiple color dyes, and/or multiple functional groups, in a combinatorial fashion. The fluorescent dendritic nanoprobes (FDNs) thus provide a new class of fluorescent reporters for fluorescence microscopy and imaging.

Abstract: The invention relates to fluorometry, and in particular to methods and apparatus for time-delayed detection of fluorescence in a sample, for example for use in a clinical setting. Exemplary embodiments disclosed relate to a fluorometer (100) comprising a light source (101), a light detector (102), a sample holder (103) disposed between the light source and light detector, a motor (104); and a light transmission modulator (105) disposed around the sample holder and comprising a pair of plates (106, 107) attached to the motor for rotation about a common axis (108), the pair of plates arranged to allow transmission from the source to the sample in a first rotated position, to allow transmission from the sample to the detector in a second rotated position and to block direct light transmission between the source and detector in both first and second rotated positions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for compensating for the breakdown of a reagent stored in an aqueous phase comprising at least one fluorescent compound and enabling the identification of particles, including the steps of: (i) measuring the fluorescence level FLUOm(t) of particles marked with said reagent; (ii) measuring the absorbance at at least one wavelength of a solution of said reagent, at a time t close to the time of said fluorescence level FLUOm(t) measurements, so as to determine at least one current optical density DO(t) of the reagent; and (iii) calculating a correction of the fluorescent level measurements using said at least one current optical density DO(t) and at least one initial optical density DO(0) of the reagent that has not been broken down. The invention also relates to a biological analysis device implementing the method.

Abstract: A variable wavelength interference filter includes a stationary substrate, a movable substrate bonded to the stationary substrate, a stationary reflecting film provided to the stationary substrate, a movable reflecting film provided to the movable substrate, and opposed to the stationary reflecting film across an inter-reflecting film gap, and an electrostatic actuator adapted to vary the gap amount of the inter-reflecting film gap by deflecting the movable substrate toward the stationary substrate, a releasing space to which air between the stationary reflecting film and the movable reflecting film moves when the gap amount of the inter-reflecting film gap is reduced is provided between the stationary substrate and the movable substrate, and assuming that a spring constant of the movable substrate is kv, and a spring constant of the air existing in the inter-reflecting film gap is kair, kv?20×kair is satisfied.

Abstract: A flame photometric detector (FPD) for use in a gas chromatography (GC) apparatus is described. The FPD has an emission block that is maintained in a first temperature range, and a transfer line that is maintained in a second temperature range that is greater than the first temperature range. The FPD is coupled to a light detector, such as a photomultiplier tube (PMT).

Abstract: An immunocapture-based in vitro kinase assay on an integrated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidics platform that can reproducibly measure kinase activity from as few as 3,000 cells is described. For this platform, the standard radiometric 32P-ATP labeled phosphate transfer assay was adopted. Implementation on a microfluidic device required the development of methods for repeated trapping and mixing of solid-phase affinity micro beads. A solid state beta-particle camera imbedded directly below the microfluidic device was used to provide real-time quantitative detection of the signal from this and other microfluidic radio bioassays. The integrated device can measure ABL protein kinase activity from BCR-ABL positive leukemia patient samples, and can measure the small molecule phosphorylation such as phosphorylation of the deoxycytidine analog 18F-FAC by deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) isolated from cell lysates.

Abstract: A gas analyzing apparatus includes a gas analyzing unit, a luminescence inducing component generating unit, and a measurement signal calculating unit. The gas analyzing unit receives a sample gas containing a component gas and/or a standard gas and the luminescence inducing gas. The gas analyzing unit is configured to output a detection signal based on an intensity of a reaction light generated by the interaction between the component gas and the luminescence inducing component. The luminescence inducing component generating unit generates the luminescence inducing gas by electric discharge generated repeatedly at specified intervals. The measurement signal calculating unit calculates a first measurement signal based on a first detection signal, based on the reaction light generated when the sample gas and the luminescence inducing gas are introduced, and a second detection signal, based on the reaction light generated when the standard gas and the luminescence inducing gas are introduced.

Abstract: The invention provides for a multiple analyte detector that is capable of detecting and identifying explosive, chemical or biological substances having multiple analytes with a single system having multiple reporters. The reporters include fluorescent polymers, conducting polymers, metal oxide elements electrochemical cells, etc. The reporters may be combinations of other reporters that are optimized for broadband detection.

Abstract: An optical biosensor is provided. The optical biosensor includes a biosensing unit, a detection unit, and a feedback circuit. The biosensing unit is configured to receive an input optical signal, sense a biomaterial, and generate a sensed optical signal. The detecting unit is configured to convert the sensed optical signal into an electrical signal and output the electrical signal as a detection signal. The feedback circuit is configured to output a feedback signal. The feedback signal is generated based on the detection signal and is changed according to a changed amount of a resonant wavelength of the biosensing unit.

Abstract: The present invention is generally in the field of measuring and indicating techniques and relates to a time-temperature indicating device and methods of manufacturing and reading this device. More specifically, the time-temperature indicator (TTI) device comprises at least one active reactant being at least a part of a component that is configured to be either an electrical component or transformable into an electrical component, said at least one active reactant being selected to be affectable by a chemical and/or physical reaction effecting a change in at least an electrical property of said electrical component at a rate that is time-temperature dependent.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for testing a number of display devices. Images displayed on the number of display devices are received by a computer system for a platform during a performance of a number of tests at a number of test locations for the platform. A portion of the images from the images are identified as a number of images of interest using a policy.

Abstract: Determination of one or more optical characteristics of a structure of a semiconductor wafer includes measuring one or more optical signals from one or more structures of a sample, determining a background optical field associated with a reference structure having a selected set of nominal characteristics based on the one or more structures, determining a correction optical field suitable for at least partially correcting the background field, wherein a difference between the measured one or more optical signals and a signal associated with a sum of the correction optical field and the background optical field is below a selected tolerance level, and extracting one or more characteristics associated with the one or more structures utilizing the correction optical field.

Abstract: A system for inspecting a body, which includes a first end side, a second end side, and cells extending through the body from the first end side to the second end side, is provided. The system includes at least one light source configured to project light through and out of at least one corresponding group of the cells, a target configured to display the light projected through and out of the at least one corresponding group of the cells, an imaging system configured to determine at least one location of the displayed light on the target, and a system processor configured to compare the determined at least one location of the displayed light with a location of the at least one light source and calculate, from the comparison thereof, at least one of a pointing angle and a pointing vector for the at least one corresponding group of the cells.

Abstract: A system for determining a concentration of gas in a confined space includes a first frequency generator for generating a first RF signal. A first antenna transmits the first RF signal across the confined space and second antenna receives the first RF signal. First and second RF signal power detectors detect the power of the first RF signal both prior to and after transmission through the confined space. A first comparator circuit determines a concentration of oxygen in the confined space based on the power of the first RF signal prior to transmission through the confined space and the power of the first RF signal received by the second antenna.

Abstract: Methods and systems may image an object of interest using one or more probes. More specifically, such exemplary methods and systems may deliver electromagnetic energy (e.g., microwave energy) using a transmitting antenna to the object while activating a probe to interact with the scattered field and sampling the resulting scattered field using one or more receiving antennas. The sampled electromagnetic energy may then be used to reconstruct an image of the object.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a vehicular radiation inspection system comprising a mobile vehicle body, a detection arm, a radiation source and a detector. The vehicular radiation inspection system further comprises a following mechanism separated from the detection arm. The following mechanism contains radiation protection material, and the following mechanism follows the detection arm to move in a non-contact manner during inspection of the inspected object, so as to prevent radiation leakage. In the present invention, it does not need to infuse radiation protection material having a high density, such as lead, into the detection arm. Therefore, it can effectively decrease the weight of the detection arm, and it does not need to provide a balance counterweight on the mobile vehicle body on which the detection arm is carried, thereby effectively solving the problem that the vehicular radiation inspection system has an excessively large mass.

Abstract: An apparatus for determining fluid phase fraction of a multiphase fluid mixture (13) comprises: —a x-ray generator (20) arranged to emit a x-ray radiation spectrum comprising a low energy region and a high energy region, the high energy region including a Bremsstrahlung spectrum; —a pipe section (27) through which the multiphase fluid mixture (13) flows comprising a measurement section (28), said measurement section (28) being coupled to said x-ray generator (20); —a detector (30) coupled to said measurement section (28) and arranged to detect x-ray radiation that has passed through said multiphase fluid mixture (13), the detector (30) being coupled to a multichannel analyzer (32) producing a measurement output comprising a low energy (LE) and high energy (HE) measurement counts; wherein the measurement output further comprises a low energy (LV) and high energy (HV) control counts, in a low energy and high energy control windows located on an edge of the Bremsstrahlung spectrum, respectively; and wherein the

Abstract: This disclosure presents systems for x-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) measurements that have x-ray flux and flux density several orders of magnitude greater than existing compact systems. These are useful for laboratory or field applications of x-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) or extended x-ray fine absorption structure (EXFAS) spectroscopy. The higher brightness is achieved by using designs for x-ray targets that comprise a number of aligned microstructures of x-ray generating materials fabricated in close thermal contact with a substrate having high thermal conductivity. This allows for bombardment with higher electron density and/or higher energy electrons, leading to greater x-ray brightness and high flux. The high brightness x-ray source is then coupled to an x-ray reflecting optical system to collimate the x-rays, and a monochromator, which selects the exposure energy.

Abstract: An X-ray fluorescence spectrometer irradiates a measurement sample 1 with primary X rays from an X-ray source, and excites an element in the sample 1 to emit fluorescence X rays, and the primary X-rays are partially scattered as scattered X rays from the sample 1. A spectroscopic system is placed so that a first spectroscopic unit, a second spectroscopic unit, and a single X-ray detector form an optimized optical system. The first spectroscopic unit disperses the fluorescence X rays to collect the resultant X rays onto the X-ray detector. The second spectroscopic unit disperses the scattered X rays to collect the resultant X rays onto the X-ray detector. In this manner, the spectroscopic system disperses the fluorescence X rays and the scattered X rays so that the intensity of the fluorescence X rays and the intensity of the scattered X rays can be detected by the single X-ray detector 24.

Abstract: A monitoring cell, used to perform a measurement in an NMR spectrometer of a reaction fluid produced by a reaction vessel, has a body having inlet and outlet transport coaxial capillaries for transporting the reaction fluid between the body and the reaction vessel. Cooling lines are also positioned coaxially with the transport capillaries to transport cooling liquid between the body and the reaction vessel. The cell further has a hollow sample probe for insertion into the NMR spectrometer and a coupler section that removably connects the sample probe to the body so that the inlet transport capillary extends through the body into the interior of the sample probe and the outlet transport capillary is sealed to the sample probe to allow reaction fluid that enters the sample probe via the inlet transport capillary to exit the sample probe via the outlet transport capillary.

Abstract: A method determining heat loss coefficient K of a premises, includes: in unoccupied premises, performing a campaign of measurements of at least one temperature inside the premises Tik at closely-spaced time intervals over at least two successive time periods Dk corresponding to distinct heating powers Ptotk of the premises; determining temperature of outside air Tek at the same closely-spaced times; for each time period Dk, on the basis of evolution Tik(t) of a quantity Tik as a function of time, selecting a time interval ?tk for which the evolution Tik(t) is substantially linear, then determining the slope ?k of the tangent to the evolution Tik(t) over this time interval ?tk, and deducing the value of the heat loss coefficient K of the premises on the basis of the slopes ?k.

Abstract: An apparatus for determining a failure in a thermostat for controlling the flow of a coolant into a radiator in response to an actual water temperature of the coolant for an engine in a vehicle includes: a water temperature detector that detects the actual water temperature; a water temperature estimator that calculates an estimated water temperature of the coolant; and a failure determining unit that compares the actual water temperature detected by the water temperature detector with the estimated water temperature calculated by the water temperature estimator under cold start of the engine and determines whether the thermostat is valve-open failure. In an engine nonoperating mode including at least automatic stop of the engine, the water temperature estimator applies a behavior of the actual water temperature to an estimated water temperature calculated immediately before automatic stop of the engine to calculate an estimated water temperature in the engine nonoperating mode.

Abstract: Electrophysiological recording systems for analysis of cultured cells include an recording device and a housing for supporting the electrophysiological recording device. The device has a porous membrane with top and bottom surfaces and a plurality of pores extending between the top and bottom surfaces. The porous membrane defines a first cell culture region disposed on the top surface and an opposed second cell culture region disposed on the bottom surface. The electrophysiological recording device has a plurality of electrodes positioned on the porous membrane in between a first insulation layer and a second insulation layer. The plurality of electrodes extend to the first cell culture region of the porous membrane. Recording ends of the electrodes measure electrical properties of cells cultured within the first and second cell culture regions, while the contact ends of the electrodes are positioned in electrical communication with data acquisition equipment.

Abstract: A sensor detects the presence of an electrically conductive liquid such as water or the material at the bottom of a reservoir such as an oil pan or crank case. The water or other material will enter a gap between two contacts that are connected to a power source and a signal device such as an LED. The power source may be a battery positioned within the sensor or may be external.

Abstract: A meter for determining the concentration of an analyte in a fluid sample comprises a memory device, electrical circuitry and a detection device for distinguishing between an alternative site test and a standard site test. The memory device is adapted to store information. The electrical circuitry is adapted to determine the analyte concentration of the fluid sample located on a test sensor. The electrical circuitry is in electronic communication with the memory device. The electrical circuitry communicates the determined analyte concentration to the memory device for storage.

Abstract: Microsensors that include an integrated thermal energy source and an integrated temperature sensor are capable of providing localized heating and temperature control of individual sensing regions within the microsensor. Localized temperature control allows analyte detection to be carried out at the same temperatures or substantially the same temperatures at which the sensor is calibrated. By carrying out the sensing near the calibration temperature, more accurate results can be obtained. In addition, the temperature of the sensing region can be controlled so that chemical reactions involving the analyte in the sensing region occur near their peak reaction rate. Carrying out the sensing near the peak reaction rate improves the sensitivity of the sensor which is important as sensor dimensions decrease and the magnitude of the generated signals decreases.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an apparatus for selecting a battery voltage table including current consumption information of applications, and applying an offset to a battery output voltage according to current consumption of applications. The apparatus for determining a battery status in a portable terminal includes a memory unit configured to store a battery voltage table defined according to current consumption, a control unit configured to determine an executed application, and a power estimation unit configured to estimate a battery level using the battery voltage table defined for each current consumption of applications and a battery output voltage.

Abstract: Apparatus (2) for sensing at least one parameter in water, which apparatus (2) comprises: (i) a dissolved oxygen sensor (4) for sensing dissolved oxygen in the water; and which apparatus (2) is such that: (ii) the dissolved oxygen sensor (4) has a working electrode and a reference electrode; and (iii) a voltage signal is applied between the working electrode and the reference electrode, and the voltage signal provides a conditioning waveform, then a wait time, and then a measurement function.

Abstract: A process combustion transmitter is provided. The transmitter includes a process probe extendible into a flow of process combustion exhaust. The process probe has a measurement cell and a diffuser that define a chamber within the process probe. Electronic circuitry is coupled to the measurement cell and is configured to provide an indication relative to a combustion process based on an output signal of the measurement cell. A pressure sensor is coupled to the electronic circuitry and is fluidically coupled to the chamber. The electronic circuitry is configured to provide an adjusted calibration based on pressure measured within the chamber during a calibration.

Abstract: There is provided an electrolyte solution for extending useful electrophoresis life of an electrophoresis gel containing Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (TRIS), at least one zwitterion, and water. The electrolyte solution may be used in buffer systems for gel electrophoresis, such as SDS-PAGE.

Abstract: Systems and techniques for cleaning a corona discharge point are described. A controller (150) can be operatively coupled to a corona discharge point (108) to control the operation of the corona discharge point (1089. The controller (150) and the corona discharge point (108) can be included with, for example, an ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) system (100). The controller (150) can be used to operate the corona discharge point (108) at an operating voltage for a first time interval, with or without an additional higher pulse voltage, to produce a corona discharge, and to operate the corona discharge point (108) at a cleaning voltage greater than the operating voltage for a second time interval subsequent to the first time interval to produce a corona discharge.

Abstract: In a magnetic immunoassay using AC magnetic susceptibility measurement, a signal from non-coupled magnetic particles is prevented to mix with a desired measurement signal from magnetic particles coupled with an object to be measured. A sample vessel in which a mixed solution of an inspection objective sample and the magnetic particles are included is carried by a sample support, such that a precipitation of the magnetic particle coupled with the object to be measured dispersed in the solution by a magnetic field from a dissociating coil is promoted. Next, the sample vessel is carried to the magnetizing coil and the magnetic signal from the non-coupled magnetic particle remaining in a supernatant in the vessel is peculiarly measured by an MR sensor to perform AC magnetic susceptibility measurement with high precision.

Abstract: A coil arrangement for a magnetic induction impedance measurement apparatus includes an excitation coil configured to generate a magnetic excitation field in an object, a shimming coil configured to generate a shimming field, and a detection coil configured to detect a magnetic response field generated in response to the magnetic excitation field inducing a current in the object. In order to enhance an accuracy of a determination of a parameter of an object, a value of a field strength of a net magnetic excitation field in the detection coil, being the sum of the excitation field and the shimming field, is approximately within a magnitude range of an average value of a field strength of the magnetic response field in the detection coil.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for the detection of defects in a recess, comprising a longitudinal hollow body (107), a movement conversion means (109) housed in said body (107) and installed free to move along the longitudinal direction, and at least one sensor (11) coupled to said body (107) and to said conversion means (109) such that longitudinal translation of the conversion means will move said sensor (11) in transverse translation between a retracted position and an extended position.

Abstract: In a quality evaluation method, an evaluation substrate that includes a mounting region, in which a multilayer capacitor is to be mounted, in a center portion of the evaluation substrate is fixed in place using a plurality of fixed portions at corner portions of the evaluation substrate, each of which is a same distance from the mounting region. A voltage is applied to the multilayer capacitor mounted on the mounting region of the evaluation substrate. Sound is collected using a microphone that is near the multilayer capacitor mounted on the evaluation substrate.

Abstract: An airborne ultrasonic testing system includes two sets of ultrasound transmitters and receivers, an ultrasound frequency generator, a computer analyzer, and a controller. The ultrasound transmitters and opposing receivers are fixedly mounted at oblique angles from a support. A seal-receiving slot is defined between the transmitters and receivers, and is sized to receive a sealed edge portion of a container to be tested. The ultrasound transmitters preferably emit respective ultrasound streams that encounter a top surface of a sealed edge portion of the container at an angle between approximately 0-45 degrees, and most preferably, approximately 45 degrees. The angle of ultrasound emission of the first transmitter may be inverse of the angle of emission of the second transmitter. The signal response of each pair of receivers can be processed individually or combined to produce a summary test result of the two measurements that eliminates systematic variation associated with material variation.

Abstract: Method for testing a pipe for carrying hydrocarbons. The pipe has at least one internal sealing sheath made of polymer material, incorporating elements of reactive compound capable of reacting with corrosive gases contained in the hydrocarbons which diffuse radially through the sheath. The reaction forms a first layer, extending radially from the internal surface, in which the elements of reactive compound have reacted with the gases. A second layer, extends between the first layer and the external surface, in which the elements of reactive compound have not yet reacted with the gases. The method uses ultrasound to determine the position of an interface between the first and second layers to measure the progression of the diffusion of the gases through the sheath.

Abstract: A plug unit for connecting capillary tubes includes a plug housing that has an axial borehole, a plug capillary tube that projects through the axial borehole, and a sealing element that surrounds the plug capillary tube. The front end of the plug capillary tube is sealed by an elastic and/or plastic deformation of the sealing element against the capillary tube receptacle opening of a bushing unit. A hollow cylindrical pressure piece is provided that surrounds the sealing element in an axial region facing away from the end surface of the plug capillary tube, and the pressure piece has a rearward end side that faces away from the end surface of the plug capillary tube and that can be loaded by the plug housing with an axial pressure force when the plug unit and bushing unit are connected.

Abstract: A method and system of measuring non-methane hydrocarbons in exhaust gas. The method includes sampling exhaust gas, wherein the exhaust gas includes native carbon dioxide, non-methane hydrocarbons and methane. The native carbon dioxide present in the exhaust gas is removed followed by oxidation of the non-methane hydrocarbons to produce carbon dioxide. The concentration of carbon dioxide is then measured and provides a direct indication of the non-methane hydrocarbon concentration.