Abstract: An adjustable shim comprises a stack of plies comprising plastics material reinforced with a three-dimensional fiber layer, the plastics material being flowable under compressive force prior to cure for adjusting the thickness of the shim. The shim may be used to fill a void between two structural components joined together. Also, a method of filling a void between two structural components using the shim. The shim is easy to handle, can easily be laid up to a variety of thicknesses, and is quick to cure (depending on the plastics material used). The three-dimensional fiber layers make the shim highly compressible prior to cure, and provide significant reinforcement to the plastics material of the plies to support compressive stresses in the shim post cure.

Abstract: A composite liner includes first and second basalt fabric layers with at least one of the first and second basalt fabric layers formed from woven basalt fibers. The composite liner further includes a core positioned between the first and second basalt fabric layers, where the first and second basalt fabric layers are secured to the core.

Abstract: A multilayer film includes 50 or more layers of each of two or more thermoplastic resins having different optical properties are alternately laminated with each other, wherein the average reflectance in a wavelength range of 900 to 1,200 nm is 70% or higher; both of the differences between the a* values (?a*) and between the b* values (?b*), respectively, of transmitted light incoming at an angle of 12° and of transmitted light incoming at an angle of 45° are 10 or less; and the multilayer film comprises a bandwidth of not less than 50 nm where the transmittance is 80% or lower in a wavelength range of 400 to 800 nm.

Abstract: A tempered glass screen protector includes a substrate structure, a protection structure, and an adhesion structure. The substrate structure has a transparent portion and a non-planar decorative portion extended from the transparent portion. The protection structure includes a first transparent adhesive layer disposed on the bottom surface of the transparent portion and a transparent protective layer disposed on the first transparent adhesive layer. The adhesion structure includes a first adhesive layer disposed on the bottom surface of the non-planar decorative portion, a base layer disposed on the first adhesive layer, and a second adhesive layer disposed on the base layer. The thickness of the protection structure is smaller than the thickness of the adhesion structure, so that there is no any watermark or Newton ring formed between the transparent protective layer and the display area of the portable electronic device when pressing the transparent portion.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a multilayer film having an active oxygen barrier layer that comprises an oxygen scavenging composition that is a blend of a thermoplastic resin (A) having carbon-carbon double bonds substantially in its main chain, a transition metal salt (B), and an oxygen barrier polymer (C) having oxygen barrier properties that can be further enhanced by exposing the composition to a source of ionizing radiation e.g., electron beam radiation. Irradiation improves the oxygen scavenging abilities of the oxygen scavenging composition so that oxygen can be intercepted and scavenged as it passes through the film. The resulting irradiated multilayer film has improved active barrier properties in comparison to the same film prior to irradiation. As result, the multilayer film of the present invention can be used in packaging applications to help maintain a low oxygen atmosphere in the interior of a package.

Abstract: A melt-blend resin composition prepared by melt-blending includes from 60 parts to 99 parts per hundred weight resin in the blend of an amorphous cycloolefin polymer composition exhibiting a glass transition temperature in the range of from 30° C. to 200° C.; and from 40 parts to 1 part per hundred weight resin in the blend of a partially crystalline, cycloolefin elastomer of norbornene and ethylene preferably having a glass transition temperature in the range of from ?10° C. to 15° C. and a crystalline melting temperature in the range of from 60° C. to 125° C. and a % crystallinity by weight in the range of from 5% to 40%. The partially crystalline, cycloolefin elastomer optionally has a second glass transition temperature at less than ?90° C.

Abstract: Provided is an electroconductive polymer composition with a good film forming property and a high electroconductivity. Also, provided is an electroconductive polymer material and an electroconductive substrate with a high electroconductivity and transparency. Further, provided is a solid electrolytic capacitor with a high capacity and a low ESR. Disclosed is an electroconductive polymer composition, containing an electroconductive polymer obtained by an oxidation polymerization by using an oxidant in a reaction solution which contains at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of pyrrole, thiophene and derivatives thereof, a polyacid or a salt thereof as a dopant, and a solvent containing water and an aprotic solvent.

Abstract: The invention relates to a breathable multi-layer film with at least one layer containing a breathable resin, such as block copolymers with polyether blocks, and one layer containing a soft polymer (Tg<0° C.), such as a polyolefin. The film is selectively permeable to water vapor but not permeable to water. The film can be bonded to a woven or non-woven substrate to produce a breathable fabric.

Abstract: An impact-absorbing member, wherein a formed body (D1) made of a fiber-reinforced resin composition includes a polyamide resin, a rubbery polymer having a reactive functional group and a fibrous inorganic filling material is superposed on another formed body (D2) made of a non-reinforced resin composition comprising a polyamide resin and a rubbery polymer having a reactive functional group, wherein the formed body (D1) is disposed at an impact-receiving side.

Abstract: A method of fabricating an anti-fatigue mat employs a pre-formed gel cushioning member that includes opposed major surfaces. One of the opposed major surfaces of the gel cushioning member is heated and liquefied. A flexible support sheet is applied and bonded to the liquefied surface of the gel cushioning member. The remaining opposed surface of the gel cushioning member is then heated and liquefied. A flexible base sheet is applied and bonded to this liquefied surface of the gel cushioning member. The method may move one of the opposed surfaces of the gel cushioning member adjacent a heat source to liquefy a portion of the gel cushioning member passing by the heat source. A flexible sheet is dispensed or applied to the liquefied portion of the gel cushioning member as the liquefied portion passes by a flexible sheet dispenser.

Abstract: The present invention is in the field of multiple layer glass panels comprising a polymer sheet having desirable surface properties, and more specifically, the present invention is in the field of multiple layer glass panels comprising poly(vinyl butyral) having a finished surface of relatively low waviness and high roughness disposed in contact with poly(ethylene terephthalate) and/or other poly(vinyl butyral) type layers.

Abstract: An apparatus for removal of flooring is presented. The flooring removal apparatus comprises a telescopically adjustable top frame with front wheels and a telescopically adjustable vertical rear frame coupled to the rear side of the top frame. The vertical rear frame includes a pair of rear wheels for directional control. The top frame is configured with one or more braces to securely clamp the housing of a jack hammer. An adapter suitable for a particular flooring type is provided for coupling to the tip of the jack hammer.

Abstract: An infeed system for a can body decorator in which undecorated can bodies are transported from an upstream supply in a conveyor (21). In the conveyor (21), the can bodies have a linear pitch as they are touching each other. One or more infeed turrets (22, 23; 25, 27; 28, 9, 3) separate each can body and change the pitch to the circular pitch of a separator turret and, ultimately to that of the mandrel wheel (10) in the decorator assembly.

Abstract: A printing plate unit automatic mounting apparatus 81 includes: a pressing member 96 inserted from a pressing member insertion opening 33 and pressing an inner slider 36 against a biasing force applied by a printing plate coupling member biasing apparatus 35, a retaining means 94 configured to retain and release the printing plate unit 1 by retaining and releasing a projecting portion 11a provided on the printing plate unit 1 and configured to serve as a gripping portion; and a drive apparatus 92 configured to move the retaining means 94 in an axial direction of a plate drive shaft.

Abstract: A liquid jet printing apparatus is provided having a nozzle for emitting a stream of liquid droplets toward a substrate, a charging section for providing an electrical charge to liquid droplets and a pair of electrically conductive deflection plates for creating an electrical field capable of deflecting the liquid droplets to a desired location on the substrate, wherein a resistor is provided between a power source and the electrical field to limit current from the power source during electrical arcing between the deflection plates, thereby minimizing disruption to the electrical field and minimizing electromagnetic pulses.

Abstract: Disclosed is a printing apparatus that performs printing onto a print medium including a transporting device that transports a print medium, a plurality of printing heads, a photographing unit that photographs the print medium, a shift detecting chart forming device, and a correcting device. The shift detecting chart forming device forms a shift detecting chart having a first line segment group consisting of first line segments that are printed onto the print medium at given intervals in an orthogonal direction with respect to the transportation direction with a reference printing head, and a second line segment group formed along the first line segment group, and consisting of second line segments that are printed with a subsequent printing head. The correcting device corrects a printing timing with the subsequent printing head relative to the reference printing head in accordance with a density variation of the photographed shift detecting chart.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a fluid level sensor includes a sensor plate and a current source. The fluid level sensor also includes an algorithm to bias the current source such that current applied to the sensor plate induces a maximum difference in response voltage between a dry sensor plate condition and a wet sensor plate condition.

Abstract: Bubblers may be provided between nozzles. Such bubblers may have elongated cross-sections.

Abstract: A liquid ejection head includes a plurality of ejection members, each having an ejection port for ejecting liquid, an element for ejecting a liquid from the ejection port, a liquid chamber for storing liquid to be supplied to the ejection port and a heater for heating liquid, and a base substrate bearing the plurality of ejection members arranged thereon and having a common flow channel for supplying liquid to the plurality of liquid chambers. The common flow channel communicates with the liquid chambers by way of respective branch ports and each of the branch ports is provided with a notch portion at the upstream side thereof as viewed in the flow direction of liquid flowing through the common flow channel and the upstream side of each of the branch ports has a profile asymmetric with regard to a straight line passing through the center of gravity of the branch port and extending in the flow direction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an assembly of a print head and a maintenance unit. The present invention further relates to a method for the use of an assembly of a print head and a maintenance unit.

Abstract: The invention provides an ink containing a polyurethane polymer which has units respectively derived from a polyisocyanate, a polyether polyol having no acid group and a diol having an acid group and has an acid value of 40 mg KOH/g or more and 140 mg KOH/g or less, a carbon black and at least one antioxidant selected from compounds represented by the general formulae (1) to (3).

Abstract: In one embodiment, an ink cartridge comprises an outer housing that defines an interior space adapted to contain ink and an air vent adapted to enable air to pass into and out of the interior space and a dividing wall provided within the interior space, the dividing wall separating the interior space into a first chamber and a second chamber, the dividing wall defining a passage through which air within the first chamber can pass into the second chamber and out of the cartridge through the air vent when the air within the first chamber expands.

Abstract: A technique of enhancing attachment of a liquid supply unit to a liquid ejection device is provided. A first cartridge 100a and a second cartridge 100b are attached to a carriage 27 of a printing device 27 via a holder structure 200. The holder structure 200 has a lever member 230 rotated and moved to engage with a main engagement part 120 of each of the first and the second cartridges 100a and 100b. Each of the first and the second cartridges 100a and 100b has a first side wall portion 125 and a second side wall portion 126 configured to press the lever member 230 and rotate and move the lever member 230 forward in the course of attachment of the first or the second cartridge 100a or 100b to the holder structure 200. A rotation axis RX of the lever member 230 is located at a position closer to an ink supply port 110 or 110a than the first side wall portion 125 and the second side wall portion 126 in the course of attachment of the first or the second cartridge 100a or 100b.

Abstract: A holding member for a liquid storage container includes: a mounting portion for removably mounting the liquid storage container through an opening along a predetermined direction; and a locking member for locking the mounted liquid storage container to the mounting portion by being fitted to the liquid storage container, wherein the mounting portion has a regulating portion for regulating inclination of a posture of the liquid storage container relative to the predetermined direction at the time of mounting the liquid storage container, the regulating portion being a portion provided such that a space between an inner surface of the mounting portion and an outer surface facing thereto of the liquid storage container is partially narrowed along a direction of insertion.

Abstract: A liquid ejecting apparatus includes a liquid ejecting portion capable of ejecting liquid, a casing body for accommodating the liquid ejecting portion, a liquid container which has a protruding portion exposed to the outside of the casing body and is mounted to the casing body, and a protecting portion which protects the protruding portion of the liquid container from an external force.

Abstract: An inkjet printer 1 has an elastic ink pack 10 that holds ink, and an ink supply mechanism 5 that pressurizes the ink pack 10 and supplies ink to the ink path 4 side. The ink supply mechanism 5 has a pressure pump 15; a remaining ink monitor 52 that watches if the ink in the ink pack 10 has dropped to a specific remaining ink level; a first pressure control unit 56 that drives the pressure pump 15 until the pump pressure reaches a preset first set pressure P1 when the remaining ink has not reached the specific remaining ink level; and a second pressure control unit 57 that drives the pressure pump 15 until the pump pressure reaches a second set pressure P2 that is higher than the first set pressure P1 when the remaining ink has reached the specific remaining ink level.

Abstract: Example continuous ink supply apparatus, systems and methods are disclosed. An example apparatus includes a housing; a printhead; and a regulator including a lever, a spring coupling the lever to the housing, a bladder, and a valve, a position of the lever relative to the housing being controlled by the bladder, the bladder being inflatable to urge the lever away from a surface of the housing and a plug of the valve to move away from a valve seat to enable fluid to flow through the aperture and into the housing, the regulator to enable a pressure within the housing to be maintained below a threshold pressure to substantially prevent fluid from inadvertently dispensing from the printhead.

Abstract: Provided are an image erasing apparatus which erases an image printed on a sheet and an image forming apparatus having an image erasing function. The image erasing apparatus and the image forming apparatus each include a readout unit, an erasing unit, and a control unit. The control unit acquires authentication information of a user who uses the apparatuses and allows the erasing unit to erase the image when determining that the acquired authentication information coincides with authentication information read out by the readout unit.

Abstract: A system for printing an image on a surface may include a robot having at least one arm. A printhead may be mounted to the arm and may be movable by the arm over a surface along a rastering path while printing an image slice on the surface. The image slice may have opposing side edges. The printhead may be configured to print the image slice with an image gradient band along at least one of opposing side edges wherein an image intensity within the image gradient band decreases from an inner portion of the image gradient band toward the side edge.

Abstract: A printing device includes a paper medium print mode configured to execute printing on a paper medium; and a textile print mode configured to execute printing on a fabric medium, an ink weight required for forming a maximum dot in the textile print mode being less than an ink weight required for forming a maximum dot in the paper medium print mode.

Abstract: An inkjet recording method including applying an undercoat solution onto a transparent recording medium, semi-curing the undercoat solution, discharging an ink composition onto the semi-cured undercoat solution, and carrying out overall curing of the semi-cured undercoat solution and the ink composition by exposure under an low oxygen atmosphere after the image formation, the undercoat solution comprising two or more types of polymers and/or oligomers from among polymers and oligomers having a structure selected from the group consisting of a polyester structure, a polyurethane structure, and a chlorinated polyolefin structure, the ink composition comprising at least 95 parts of a polyfunctional ethylenically unsaturated compound relative to 100 parts of the total content of ethylenically unsaturated compound, and at least 5 parts of a polyalkylene glycol diacrylate, and exposure in the overall curing being carried out from both the image formation face and the reverse face of the recording medium.

Abstract: An image recording device is provided, having a recording unit configured to record an image on a sheet, and a tray disposed below the recording unit. The tray includes a sheet holding surface configured to hold the sheet. Additionally, the image recording device includes a sheet feeder disposed between the recording unit and the tray. The sheet feeder includes a roller for feeding the sheet from the tray. The roller is configured to move between a first roller position in which the roller contacts the sheet holding surface of the tray and a second roller position in which the roller is separated from the sheet holding surface. A return guide, disposed between the recording unit and the sheet feeder, defines a second conveying path to guide the sheet having an image recorded on one side thereof back to the feed guide. The return guide has a first opening configured to accommodate the roller of the sheet feeder when the roller is in the second roller position.

Abstract: An ink jet printing apparatus includes a placement table on which recesses in which swelling portions of a printing target material fall are formed and the printing target material is placed, and an ink jet head that discharges ink onto a surface of the printing target material of a printing side placed on the placement table so as to execute desired printing. The swelling portions such as seams fall in the recesses on the printing target material so that the swelling portions and the ink jet head can be avoided from rubbing with each other.

Abstract: In an ink jet printing apparatus, a moisture content of a print sheet is estimated without decreasing productivity of the printing apparatus and appropriate conditions of printing operation in the subsequent printing process are specified. More specifically, by measuring a change in thickness of the print sheet after printing, a state of moisture content is estimated. Estimating a state of moisture content allows determination of appropriate conditions of the printing operation such as a minimum drying time required for printing a high-quality image on various types of print sheets such as print coated paper or coated paper.

Abstract: In one example, a platen system for a printer includes a group of interchangeable platens each configured to support a different type of print substrate in the printer.

Abstract: A table for a flatbed printer comprises an upper plate (4) and a lower plate (6) separated by an intermediate layer (8). The intermediate layer is configured to provide a fluid flow path (34) that promotes a flow of fluid alternating between a position adjacent the upper plate and a position adjacent the lower plate, so as to promote heat transfer between the upper plate and the lower plate. The fluid flow path may be formed using a plurality of holes (26) in the intermediate layer. A method of manufacturing the printer table is also described.

Abstract: A printing position and cutting position adjusting method includes: printing on a medium an origin point adjusting image having multiple checking blocks using an ink-jet head; cutting the medium using a cutting head along a contour of the origin point adjusting image; removing a part of the medium cut by the cutting head from the medium; and inputting an amount of misalignment between a position at which the image is printed on the medium and a position at which the medium is cut to a controller. The amount of misalignment is inputted as a correction value between the printing position and the cutting position. The printing of the origin point adjusting image or the cutting of the medium includes a check process of producing a position shift per a predetermined dimension by each checking block in a main scanning direction or a sub scanning direction of the ink-jet head.

Abstract: An architecture is presented that provides a dual port printer device for printing food safety labels. The dual port printer accommodates multiple widths of supply rolls and comprises two ports for the printed labels to exit from and a touch panel screen. Specifically, the touch panel screen is positioned in the center of a pivoting front door, with the printed labels exiting lower on the door, below the touch panel screen. Further, the dual port printer device comprises removable supply flanges which easily accommodate any width of supply roll within its minimum and maximum width limits, and an adjustable loading chute which would direct the supply web from the supply roll to the printing module for printing of the labels.

Abstract: An inkjet printer including an inkjet head, a head scanning unit, a wave shape generating mechanism to deform a recording medium into a predetermined wave shape, an obtaining device to obtain information concerning a type of the recording medium to be used in a printing operation, a gap information storing device to store gap information related to a gap between an ink discharging surface and the recording medium in association with a predetermined type of the recording medium, the gap information being acquired from a predetermined range in the recording medium, and a correcting device to correct the gap information according to the type of the recording medium obtained by the obtaining device when the type of the recording medium obtained by the obtaining device is different from the predetermined type of the recording medium stored in association with the gap information, is provided.

Abstract: An embossing head for use in a rotary printing press has a raised embossing stamp, a constraining means for constraining motion of the embossing stamp along a radial direction, and adjustable positioning means for stopping radially downward motion of the embossing stamp at an adjustable lowermost position for determining an adjustable radial height of the raised embossing stamp. A number of embossing heads may be mounted independently to annular collars of the press to enable free positioning of the corresponding embossments in both dimensions of the sheet material. The adjustable positioning means enables fine height selection and adjustment of each embossing stamp individually so as to enable and facilitate the production of embossments on sheet material within specified tolerances reliably over numerous print cycles.

Abstract: In accordance with an embodiment, an image decoloring apparatus comprises a conveyance path configured to convey a sheet on which an image is formed with a coloring agent that is decolored by heat; a first heat roller configured to be arranged at the upstream side of the conveyance path; and a second heat roller configured to be arranged at the downstream side of the conveyance path. Each of the first heat roller and the second heat roller includes a cylindrical portion and a heat source. The thickness of the cylindrical portion constituting the first heat roller is larger than the thickness of the cylindrical portion constituting the second heat roller. In this way, the heat capacity of the first heat roller is also larger than the heat capacity of the second heat roller.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, an image forming apparatus includes a fusing device, a cooling device, and a processor. The fusing device includes a fusing member and a pressure member, the fusing member being heated by a heat source. The fusing device conveys a sheet, the sheet being heated and pressed between the fusing member and the pressure member. The processor causes the cooling device to perform the cooling process to cool the fusing member every predetermined timing when the image erasing process is performed.

Abstract: A method is provided for controlling printed ink horizontal. cross-sectional areas using fluoropolymer templates. The method initially forms a fluoropolymer template overlying a substrate. The fluoropolymer template has a horizontal first cross-sectional dimension. Then, a primary ink is printed overlying the fluoropolymer template having a horizontal second cross-sectional dimension less than the first cross-sectional dimension. In the case of a fluoropolymer line having a template length greater than a template width, where the template width is the first cross-sectional dimension, printing the primary ink entails printing a primary ink line having an ink length greater than an ink width, where the ink width is the second cross-sectional dimension. In one aspect, the method prints a plurality of primary ink layers, each primary ink layer having an ink width less than the template width. Each overlying primary ink layer can be printed prior to solvents in underlying primary ink layers evaporating.

Abstract: A light-emitting medium including a light-emitting image having a pattern area formed on a substrate by using a first fluorescent ink containing a first fluorescent material, a background area formed on the substrate by using a second fluorescent ink containing a second fluorescent material, and a overcoat layer formed on the first fluorescent material of the pattern area and the second fluorescent material of the background area. The first fluorescent material is made of a fluorescent material which emits light of blue color when UV-A is irradiated, and emits light of red color when UV-C is irradiated. The second fluorescent material is made of a fluorescent material which emits light of blue color or light of a color that is viewed as the same color as the blue color when the UV-A is irradiated, and emits light of green color when the UV-C is irradiated.

Abstract: A coupon envelope with an enclosed coupon is provided. The coupon envelope has three sections. Each section has a first side and a second side. The first and second sections each have an upper portion, a lower portion, a cut separating the two portions, and a nick connecting the two portions. The third section has a coupon portion, an upper portion, a lower portion, a cut separating the three portions, an upper nick connecting the coupon portion and the upper portion, and a lower nick connecting the coupon portion and the lower portion. The coupon envelope also has a second side attachment and a first side attachment. The second side attachment attaches the second side of the third section to the second side of the second section. The first side attachment attaches the first side of the third section to the second side of the first section.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus forms an image on a recording medium by discharging ink droplets onto the recording medium. The image forming apparatus includes a head having a nozzle orifice that discharges ink droplets onto the recording medium, a main-scanning controller that controls the movement of the head in a main-scanning direction, a main-scanning encoder that generates a position signal indicating the position of the head in the main-scanning direction at a certain interval, a timing generating unit that generates a timing signal with a phase shifted from the position signal, a signal output unit that outputs a recording signal of a waveform pattern corresponding to image data at a timing of the timing signal, and a head drive unit that discharges ink droplets from the nozzle orifice in accordance with the recording signal.

Abstract: A writing instrument incorporating a plurality of knuckles arranged in a longitudinal series; a tube member and scribing pen combination extending through the knuckles wherein the scribing pen is mounted within the tube member and has a longitudinal scribing end; and incorporating first and second leaves, each leaf among the first and second leaves having proximal and distal ends, the first and second leaves being connected operatively to the knuckles for movement between closed and opened positions, the distal ends being adjacent each other upon movements of the first ad second leaves to their closed positions, the distal ends being displacing circumferentially from each other upon movements of the first and second leaves toward their opened positions.

Abstract: An apparatus inserts documents into envelopes and includes a document insert station and a document conveyor that conveys documents to be inserted within envelopes to the document insert station. Each envelope has an envelope opening and a flap to close the opening and defines a hinge line. An envelope feeder feeds envelopes upside down on the hinge line with the flap up into the document insert station and angled from the document conveyor. An insert plate is positioned at the document insert station that receives a document conveyed from the document conveyor and includes orifices though which air is blown onto the envelope fed into the document insert station to open the envelope and receive a document conveyed from the document conveyor.

Abstract: A multi-panel stretched canvas for artists which is capable of being selectively converted from a 2-dimensional configuration suitable for mounting on a vertical surface such as a wall, for instance, to a plurality of 3-dimensional configurations suitable for mounting on a vertical surface as a bas relief-like wall hanging or resting on a horizontal surface such as a table, for instance. The apparatus in its simplest sense is comprised of three panels of stretched canvas, each in the shape of an equilateral triangle, arranged in a specific configuration and joined together in series by pivotable connection means, preferably hinges. In 2-D form, the panels together form a trapezoid which may be wall mounted in the traditional fashion. By rotating the two end panels a distance behind the center panel the apparatus forms a 3-D bas relief like structure which when mounted to a vertical surface has three sides of the trapezoid in contact with the vertical surface.

Abstract: A vehicle wheel includes a rim portion, a hub portion, a plurality of spokes and a plurality of decorative attachments. Each pair of adjacent spokes defines a window therebetween. The plurality of decorative attachments are secured to the wheel and each define a plurality of rearwardly extending boss portions. Each boss portion abuts the wheel. In certain applications, the boss portions may be received within a respective countersunk hole in the wheel and engaged by a fastener for securing the decorative attachment to the wheel. A free end of each of the boss portions abuts a bottom of its respective countersunk hole and the decorative attachment is otherwise spaced from the wheel to reduce noise issues. Alternatively, the ends of the boss portion may be spaced from the wheel and drawn toward the wheel with the threaded fasteners.