Abstract: A three-dimensional shaped article manufacturing method with which a three-dimensional shaped article having a matte-toned texture can be manufactured stably and efficiently is provided. A three-dimensional shaped article manufacturing method of the present invention is a method for manufacturing a three-dimensional shaped article by laminating layers formed by discharging and curing inks including a curable resin, the method including applying a substantive section-forming ink to a region that forms the three-dimensional shaped article, and applying a sacrificial layer-forming ink for forming a sacrificial layer to a region that is adjacent to a region that forms an outermost layer of the three-dimensional shaped article and on a surface side of the outermost layer, a viscoelasticity of the sacrificial layer-forming ink during curing of the substantive section-forming ink being less than a viscoelasticity of the substantive section-forming ink during curing of the substantive section-forming ink.

Abstract: A method of producing a high quality image on a blanket, including providing an image, a first piece of material having a substantially zero-nap upper surface configured to receive the image thereon, and a lower coupling surface. The method may include providing a second piece of material different than the first piece of material, the second piece of material having an upper coupling surface including a non-zero nap and a lower surface of a soft material. The method may include coupling the lower coupling surface of the first piece of material to the upper coupling surface of the second piece of material to form a single unit, while leaving the soft material of the second piece of material substantially exposed to an outside ambient environment, and incorporating the image within the substantially zero-nap upper surface of the first piece of material using a printing process.

Abstract: A device for printing on containers, in particular non-rotationally symmetric containers, including at least one printing unit including at least one print head, a conveying system, which includes a plurality of container reception means arranged for rotation about axes of rotation and which is configured such that the container reception components circulate on a closed path and a print area of an outer surface of a container accommodated in a container reception components is movable past the print head, and at least one first drive adapted to rotate the container reception component, accommodating the container, about its axis of rotation by at least one open-loop and/or closed-loop control unit, the first drive being adapted to be variably controlled such that the print area is moved past the print head at a predetermined, substantially constant printing distance.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for the photopolymerization and the washing in series of digital printing plates for flexography. The method according to the present invention is characterized in that it implements in series the exposure and washing steps of the printing plate, which is continuously moved. The present invention further concerns an apparatus adapted to implementing said method.

Abstract: A liquid discharge substrate includes a plurality of discharge elements disposed on a substrate, a first transistor electrically connected to the plurality of discharge elements, and a plurality of second transistors. The first transistor is disposed between the plurality of discharge elements and the plurality of second transistors.

Abstract: In a head part of inkjet printer, a leading droplet and a following droplet are ejected from an outlet by inputting one driving signal, and the leading droplet and the following droplet land onto a recording paper. At this time, a waveform of the driving signal is set such that an average of distance from the center of a main dot element formed by the leading droplet to the farthest point in a group of dot elements formed by the leading droplet and the following droplet is equal to or more than 1.1 times an average of radius of the main dot element and equal to or less than 3.0 times the average. Therefore, the dot shape can be made noncircular, and as the result, it is possible to suppress jaggies on edges of an image on the recording paper and lowering of density in a solid area.

Abstract: In a liquid ejection control device, an operation unit includes a momentum dial for inputting a momentum instructing value related to momentum of a pulsed liquid jet ejected from a liquid ejection device, and a repetitive frequency dial for inputting a repetitive frequency instructing value related to the number of times ejection of the pulsed liquid occurs per unit time. In addition, a controller includes a rising frequency setting section that sets a rising frequency as a rising index value related to rising of a drive voltage waveform such that the momentum becomes the momentum instructing value, based on voltage magnitude of the drive voltage waveform and the repetitive frequency instructing value.

Abstract: An element substrate includes a discharge port from which liquid is discharged, an energy generating element configured to generate energy for discharging the liquid from the discharge port, a heating element having a shape with a longitudinal axis and including at least two heating surfaces exposed to the liquid, a first support portion configured to support one end portion of the heating element, a second support portion configured to support the other end portion of the heating element, and a third support portion configured to support a portion between the one end portion and the other end portion.

Abstract: A method for determining an issue in an inkjet nozzle with impedance measurements, includes taking a first impedance measurement to detect a drive bubble with an impedance sensor; and taking a second impedance measurement to detect said drive bubble with said impedance sensor after said first impedance measurement.

Abstract: A liquid ejection head includes channel forming members and a surface treatment film. The channel forming members are joined to each other via an adhesive agent to form a channel for liquid. The surface treatment film is formed on a surface of at least one of the channel forming members. The surface treatment film is an oxidized film including Si. The oxidized film further includes a transition metal forming a passive film.

Abstract: A liquid discharging head includes a recording element substrate configured to discharge a liquid; an electric wiring substrate that is provided with a lead terminal that is connected to the recording element substrate; and a supporting member to which the electric wiring substrate is bonded. The electric wiring substrate is bonded to the supporting member with two or more types of adhesives including at least a first adhesive and a second adhesive whose volume resistivity is higher than that of the first adhesive, a bond strength of the first adhesive is higher than a bond strength of the second adhesive, and, at the supporting member, the second adhesive is applied such that the second adhesive is provided closer to the lead terminal than the first adhesive.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a liquid ejection head including a liquid ejection substrate, an electric wiring member, and a supporting member having a first supporting surface and a second supporting surface, including: positioning an outer peripheral portion of the electric wiring member disposed on the side of the second supporting surface outside of the second supporting surface; providing the supporting member with the first depression at a position facing one part of the outer peripheral portion of the electric wiring member and the second depression connected to the first depression at a position facing another part of the outer peripheral portion having a width smaller than that of the first depression, and applying an adhesive agent in the first depression to cause part of the adhesive agent to flow into the second depression, so that the outer peripheral portion of the electric wiring member is adhered to the supporting member.

Abstract: There is provided a liquid droplet discharge device that allows a cap to be easily mounted on a liquid droplet discharge head while ensuring sealability. A cap 200 includes a cap body 202 that is formed of a box and a sealing member 220 that is formed of a frame. The sealing member 220 is adapted to be capable of being divided into a first frame component 222 and a second frame component 224. The first frame component 222 is provided integrally with the cap body 202 and a head 72 is provided with the second frame component 224. When the head 72 is mounted on the cap 200, the first frame component 222 and the second frame component 224 are combined with each other, surround the outer periphery of the tip portion of the head 72, and seal a gap between the head 72 and the cap 200.

Abstract: A recovery system for a recording head according to the present disclosure includes a wiper, a drive mechanism, and a control portion. The control portion is able to execute a recovery operation for the recording head that includes an ink pushing-out operation that forcibly pushes out ink, a first wiping operation that moves the wiper in a first direction to wipe away purged ink, and a second wiping operation that moves the wiper in a direction opposite to the first direction to wipe away remaining ink. The wiper includes a first wiping surface disposed to face in the first direction, a second wiping surface disposed to face in a direction opposite to the first direction, and an upper surface. The first wiping surface and the upper surface have a high water repellency compared with the second wiping surface.

Abstract: A waste ink absorber is for absorbing waste ink discharged from a head for ejecting ink. In a side cross-sectional view of the waste ink absorber, a portion low in density and a portion high in density as compared with the portion low in density are laid alternately and obliquely such that the portion low in density and the portion high in density appear alternately on each surface of the waste ink absorber.

Abstract: A liquid ejecting apparatus includes a liquid ejecting portion provided with a nozzle opening area in which a plurality of nozzles ejecting liquid onto a medium are open; and a wiping portion that wipes the nozzle opening area in a first direction and a second direction opposite to the first direction, in which the nozzle opening area includes a first wiping target area and a second wiping target area which are at different positions in a direction intersecting with the first direction, and the wiping portion wipes the first wiping target area in the first direction, and wipes the second wiping target area in the second direction.

Abstract: A printer cleaning device includes a cleaning blade that is operatively disposed on a cleaning surface to contact and remove a material from the cleaning surface. The cleaning blade has a body portion and a cleaning edge adjoining the body portion adapted to contact the cleaning surface. The printer cleaning device further includes a pad that is attached to the body portion of the cleaning blade and is disposed across a predetermined length of the cleaning blade. The pad has a first corner that is located at a first end of the body portion wherein the first end is at a predetermined distance from the cleaning edge. The printer cleaning device further includes a controller configured to control the cleaning blade to contact and wipe the cleaning surface.

Abstract: An ink-jet recording apparatus according to the present disclosure includes a recording portion, a wipe unit, a cleaning mechanism, a wipe moving-up/down mechanism, a transfer surface moving mechanism, and a control portion. The wipe unit has a wipe blade that wipes purged ink that is forcibly discharged from an ejecting nozzle. The cleaning mechanism has a cleaning member onto which ink adhering to a tip end surface of the wipe blade is transferred. The control portion controls the wipe moving-up/down mechanism to force the wipe blade to repeat contacting and leaving a plurality of times the transfer surface of the cleaning member substantially vertically to remove the ink present on the tip end surface of the wipe blade, and controls the transfer surface moving mechanism in such a manner that the tip end surface of the wipe blade contacts a clean portion of the transfer surface.

Abstract: A print device includes mount portions, flow passages and reservoir portions. The mount portion mounts a container containing liquid. The flow passage connects the mount portion to a head portion having a nozzle face. The reservoir portion provided on the flow passage reserves liquid and is located such that a distance from the nozzle face in the up-down direction is within a prescribed range. A first and second reservoir portions are aligned in a first direction in the horizontal direction. The first reservoir portion is inclined such that a part of the first reservoir portion is situated to progress upward towards the first direction. The second reservoir portion is inclined such that a part of the second reservoir portion is situated to progress upward towards the first direction. The first and second reservoir portions are at least partially overlapped each other in the up-down direction.

Abstract: A liquid-consuming apparatus includes: a tank including a liquid storage chamber which stores a liquid, an inlet formed in a surface of the tank, and an outlet through which the liquid from the liquid storage chamber flows; a cap which is movable between a first position and a second position; a cover which is movable relative to the tank between a closed position and an open position; and a holding member which is connected to the cap and which holds the cap at the second position. The cap at the second position or the holding member is configured to obstruct a movement of the cover from the open position to the closed position.

Abstract: A liquid storage container, including: a housing; a liquid absorbing member configured to absorb and hold a liquid disposed inside the housing; a filter disposed at a position facing a first surface of the liquid absorbing member; and a liquid ejection substrate disposed at a position facing a surface of the filter opposite to a surface of the filter facing the liquid absorbing member, wherein the liquid absorbing member includes a through hole tubularly penetrating the liquid absorbing member from the first surface to a second surface which is a surface opposite to the first surface, and an opening of the through hole on the first surface side opens at a position facing the filter.

Abstract: A liquid storage unit for collecting a liquid supplied to an ejecting head is provided. The liquid is supplied to a plurality of ejecting heads via a pressure regulating valve, and the liquid is suctioned from the plurality of ejecting heads by a circulation pump, and then is discharged to the liquid storage unit. In this way, since the liquid is suctioned from each of the ejecting heads, the passage resistance is decreased, so that the ink can be appropriately circulated. In addition, since the ejecting head is supplied with the liquid at an appropriate pressure from the liquid storage unit via the pressure adjusting valve, the liquid can be appropriately ejected.

Abstract: There is provided a flow path member including a flow-path member main body which is provided with a liquid supplying path through which liquid is supplied to a head main body that ejects liquid and an attaching portion to which a liquid supplying unit that supplies liquid of the liquid supplying path is attached; and a sealing member which is provided with an insertion hole into which the attaching portion is inserted, and is interposed between the liquid supplying unit and the attaching portion, in which a convex portion is provided in any one of the inner surface of the insertion hole and the outer surface of the attaching portion, and a concave portion that fits with the convex portion is provided in the other of the inner surface of the insertion hole and the outer surface of the attaching portion.

Abstract: An image forming device, includes: a conveying device that is capable of changing a conveyance speed of a recording medium; a plurality of liquid droplet ejecting devices which is arranged in the order along a conveyance direction of the recording medium which is conveyed by the conveying device; and a control unit which changes a concentration of a liquid droplet per unit area which is ejected from the liquid droplet ejecting device to be landed on the recording medium, in accordance with the conveyance speed, when a multi-color image is formed using liquid droplets of different colors which are ejected from two or more of the plurality of liquid droplet ejecting devices.

Abstract: A method for operating an imaging device identifies inoperative inkjets in an imaging device and modifies non-image data values in response to the identification of the inoperative inkjets. The method halftones image data for forming an image by generating halftoned image data with reference to modified non-image data values to compensate for identified inoperative inkjets. The method operates inkjets using the generated halftoned image data to form the image. The non-image data values modified in response to identified inoperative inkjets and later referenced while halftoning may include halftone threshold array, per-output raster column “RasterType” or TRC data values.

Abstract: A method of printing a two-dimensional bit-mapped image having a number of pixels per row for printing using a plurality of overlapping printheads or a printhead or printheads indexed through overlapping positions, the or each printhead having a row of ejection channels, each ejection channel having associated ejection electrodes, the method comprising: applying a voltage to the ejection channels sufficient to cause concentration of particles in the printing fluid at the ejection channels, applying voltage pulses of respective predetermined amplitude and/or duration, as determined by respective image pixel bit values, to the electrodes of the selected ejection channels in order to cause volumes of printing fluid to be ejected from selected ejection channels of the overlapping printheads, thereby forming a pixel of a predetermined optical density, adjusting, for each row of the image, the values of the voltage pulses to be applied to the overlapping printheads to form pixels printed by overlapped ejection chan

Abstract: A thermal printer comprises a sheet conveyance mechanism configured to convey a sheet formed by attaching labels on a mount; a ribbon conveyance mechanism configured to convey a ribbon; a thermal head configured to heat the ribbon to carry out printing of printing data on the sheet contacted with the ribbon; and a head moving mechanism configured to control the thermal head if a non-printing area is longer than a first distance based on the printing data to separate the ribbon from the sheet; wherein the ribbon conveyance mechanism stops the conveyance of the ribbon if the non-printing area is longer than the first distance; and the sheet conveyance mechanism controls, if the non-printing area is longer than the first distance, the sheet conveyance speed to a second speed slower than a first speed applied in a case of conveying a printing area.

Abstract: A method for dynamically compensating for thermal expansion and contraction of a light emitting diode print bar having first and second light emitting diodes having first and second ideal positions, respectively, the method including: a) determining a first measured position of the first light emitting diode and a second measured position of the second light emitting diode; b) comparing the first measured position and the second measured position to the first ideal position and the second ideal position, respectively; and, c) correcting a first difference between the first measured position and the first ideal position and a second difference between the second measured position and the second ideal position based on results from the step of comparing.

Abstract: A method for printing an image with authentication features, including: printing a media treatment material onto a print medium in accordance with a pattern of predefined authentication features, and printing one or more visible printing materials onto the print medium in accordance with an image pattern, thereby providing a printed visible image. The media treatment material alters an interaction between the visible printing materials and the print medium so that characteristics of the interaction, such as printing material penetration characteristics, are different in image regions where the media treatment material was printed than in image regions where the media treatment material was not printed. The difference in the characteristics of the interaction between the one or more visible printing materials and the print medium causes the pattern of authentication features to be detectable.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for controlling application of a substance to a substrate involve the use of a functional agent that helps determine the association of a substance with the substrate. The apparatus and methods may utilize jet technology to apply the functional agent directly to the substrate or to an intermediate surface. The substance may be biological substance or a chemical in nature.

Abstract: A drawing apparatus, including: a drawing data generation unit which, as a fitting process, fits a design image to a drawing region of a drawing target, and generates drawing data of the design image fitted to the drawing region; and a drawing unit which performs drawing of the design element on the drawing region on the basis of the drawing data, wherein the drawing region is curved along a width direction of the drawing region, the design image includes at least one design element, and the drawing data generation unit performs fitting the design element to a region excluding at least one edge portion from the drawing region, the edge portion being set on one side in a width direction of the drawing region.

Abstract: A cassette is provided which includes a supply of label material and a brake. The brake has a first position and a second position. In the first position, the supply is clamped by the brake. In the second position, the supply is removable from the cassette.

Abstract: A tilting touch screen for a printer and a printer having such a tilting touch screen are provided. The tilting touch screen may include a touch screen housing, a touch screen located in the touch screen housing, means for pivotally connecting the touch screen housing to a printer housing, the printer housing defining an opening closable by the tilting touch screen, and a controller for controlling the printer in communication with the touch screen. The screen tilts open for direct access to the print mechanisms and paper buckets for service or paper loading, without requiring the removal of any additional covers.

Abstract: A printer includes a discharge unit, a first printing unit disposed along a sheet conveying path extending from the discharge unit and configured to print an image on a first sheet while the first sheet is conveyed from the discharge unit to the first printing unit and then to the discharge unit, a second printing unit disposed farther from the discharge unit than the first printing unit along the sheet conveyance path and configured to print an image on a second sheet while the second sheet is conveyed towards the discharge unit therethrough, using a printing method that is different from a printing method of the first printing unit, and a control unit configured to determine whether or not each of the first and second printing unit is in use and control only one of the first and second printing units to print the image, based on the determination.

Abstract: An approach is provided for applying a release agent to a substrate having a first surface and a second surface. The approach involves determining a presence of at least one ink image applied to at least one portion of one of the first surface and the second surface of the substrate by way of one or more steps of a printing process. The approach also involves determining the substrate is to be made ready for printing one or more other images on the other of the first surface and the second surface by one or more steps of another printing process. The approach further comprising causing, at least in part, the release agent to be applied to the substrate so as to cover the at least one portion of the first surface and the second surface of the substrate upon which the at least one ink image is applied at a time before the substrate is subjected to the one or more steps of the another printing process.

Abstract: A printer comprises a plurality of printheads, at least one auxiliary dryer positioned immediately adjacent the plurality of printheads and configured to control spread of ink drops ejected by the plurality of printheads, a main dryer positioned to dry ink on the media after the media has passed the at least one auxiliary dryer, at least one actuator to drive media transport and move media past each of these components, and a controller. The power of the main dryer is higher than the power of the auxiliary dryer. The controller is operatively connected to each of the components and is configured to control the operation of the at least one auxiliary dryer with reference to the type of media being printed and the type of ink being ejected. A method for operating the printer is also disclosed.

Abstract: A inkjet printer calculates a print percentage indicative of a load on a pressurizing mechanism for each block, based on print data, and then factors in the print percentage for each block to determine the upper limit of a transport speed so that the upper limit becomes slower as the print percentage increases and becomes slower as a printing distance in a transport direction corresponding to the print data increases. This provides the upper limit of the transport speed in consideration for not only a spontaneous temperature increase in each block but also a temperature increase due to the influence of its surrounding blocks. This allows the blocks in a head to operate at temperatures within a permissible range.

Abstract: On a sheet of paper on which an image has already been formed, a first registration mark pair and a second registration mark pair are printed. The first registration mark pair and second registration mark pair each consist of a pair of registration marks that are arranged to be spaced apart in a paper-width direction, the second registration mark pair located posterior to the first registration mark pair in the paper-conveying direction. Based on the actual positional relationship between the first registration mark pair and the second registration mark pair that are read by a reading unit, a correction unit corrects discharge data that corresponds to an image formation area located between the first registration mark pair and the second registration mark pair.

Abstract: A recording apparatus includes a base housing and an upper housing. The base housing has a surrounding wall portion and a bottom wall portion that are formed integrally. A recording head, which performs recording on a medium, is mounted in the inner space of the base housing. The upper housing such as a scanning apparatus is provided over the base housing and has a function of closing the inner space of the base housing. The recording apparatus further includes a part attachment unit and a main board. The part attachment unit is detachably attached to the base housing in the inner space of the base housing. The main board is fixed to the part attachment unit and controls operation of at least the recording head.

Abstract: A recording device includes: a recording section that records an image on a recording medium; a detecting section that detects an image defect in the image recorded by the recording section; and a repair recording section that is provided separately from the recording section and that performs repair recording for the image defect detected by the detecting section. With such a configuration of the recording device, an image defect in the image recorded on a recording medium is repaired.

Abstract: A printing device includes an image recording portion which records an image on a sheet, an image defect detection unit which detects the sheet on which image defects occur, a setting unit by which a sorting number of copies of the sheets is set, a first stamper unit which attaches ink to a leading end edge of the sheet on which the image defects occur, and a second stamper unit which is disposed so as to be arranged with the first stamper unit in a sheet width direction and attaches ink to the leading end edge of the sheet corresponding to the sorting number of copies.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are disclosed for stamping concrete. In one aspect, a method of creating a pattern in a surface is provided. The method includes placing a first stamp in a first position, the first stamp comprising a first engagement structure. The method further includes placing a second stamp in a second position, the second stamp comprising a second engagement structure, which engages with the first engagement structure so as to position the second stamp relative to the first stamp. The apparatus may include a separate coupling structure for attaching adjacent stamps to each other.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for producing a film element having mutually registered metallic layers (11, 16) and a film element which can be produced by such a process. A first metallic layer (11) provided on a first surface of a flexible single-layer or multi-layer carrier film (10) and a masking layer (13) provided on the second surface of the carrier film (10), opposite to the first surface, are structured in accurate register relationship with each other by means of mutually synchronized structuring procedures. After structuring of the first metallic layer (11) and the masking layer (13) one or more further layers are applied to the first metallic layer (11). Applied to the one or more further layers (15) is a second metallic layer (16) to which a first photoactivatable layer (17) is applied.

Abstract: A multi-color writing marker may comprise a tubular marker barrel connected to a motor housing. The marker barrel may house a cartridge removably coupled to a drive shaft connected to a motor. The cartridge may include a plurality of reservoirs containing writing liquids of different colors. A marker tip may be mounted on a distal end of the cartridge. The marker tip supports a plurality of marker nibs corresponding to the number of cartridge reservoirs. Each marker nib may be is in fluid communication with a corresponding reservoir. Actuation of the motor spins the cartridge and marker nibs while a user is simultaneous creating a design on the writing surface.

Abstract: A method for activating a transfer film for a water pressure transfer by using a coating agent of an ultraviolet ray hardening resin composite type to restore an adhesion, the ultraviolet ray hardening resin composite having a viscosity of 10-500 CPS (25° C.) and an ink solubility of SP value of 7 or more and including a photo-polymerization oligomer of 25 to 56 weight percent, a photo-polymerization monomer of bi-functional monomer of 33 to 65 weight percent and a photo-polymerization initiator of 5 to 10 weight percent for accomplishing both of membrane strength and adhesion, the photopolymerization oligomer including a compound of multi-functional oligomer having a blend rate of 12 to 40 weight percent and bi-functional oligomer having a blend rate of 7 to 16 weight percent, the coating agent including a non-reactive resin of 2 to 10 weight percent added to the ultraviolet ray hardening resin composite.

Abstract: A portable utility storage apparatus includes a lower portion having a first receiving section, and an upper portion contiguously formed with the lower portion wherein the upper portion has a second receiving section oppositely spaced from the first receiving section. A clip is selectively and removably engaged with the upper portion in such a manner that the first receiving section and the second receiving section freely and synchronously oscillate about a fulcrum axis defined substantially perpendicular to the upper portion. A first coupling is removably attached to another one of the first receiving section and the second receiving section. Notably, a rail is removably attached to one of the first receiving section and the second receiving section. In this manner, the rail having a second coupling is interchangeably engaged with the first receiving section and the second receiving section.

Abstract: The current invention is a three dimensional medium for painting and artwork. Pieces of bowed wood, more commonly known as staves, are taken from an empty wine barrel. The staves can be of different types including French oak, white oak, or American white oak. Once the staves are extracted from the wine barrel, they are reused to create a medium back-drop for painting and artwork. Much like an artist that uses a canvas for the back drop of a painting, the constructed three-dimensional medium made is used as a back drop for a variety of artworks including paintings of custom flags, images, and portraits.

Abstract: A split axle wheel system for a cycle, such as a motorcycle, is provided. The split axle wheel system may include a wheel having a first side and a second side. The first side and the second side may each include a rim. A spoke array and a drive ring gear may be attached to the rim. A chain may be wrapped around the driving ring gear, which is connected to a motor to rotate the wheel. The spoke array may include an opening with a bearing inside of the opening. A split axle bracket may run through the bearing and through the drive ring gear and may attach to the swing arm assembly of the motorcycle.

Abstract: A wheel barrier assembly is disclosed for creating a physical barrier between a wheel hub, a wheel and a plurality of lugs securing the wheel to the wheel hub. The wheel barrier assembly may include a plate extending between the wheel hub and the wheel to insulate the wheel from the wheel hub. The wheel barrier assembly may also include a plurality of collets extending through the wheel and secured to the plate to insulate the wheel from the lugs.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein provide aerodynamic bicycle rims and wheels. Embodiments can include a bicycle rim that is wider than the width of the tire proximate to the outer edge of the rim and is shaped so that there is a tangent line tangent to the rim and the tire. The tangent line can be tangent to the rim on the sidewall or elsewhere on the rim. The widest part of the rim can be radially inward from the outer edge of the rim or elsewhere on the rim and the tangent line can be tangent at the widest part of the rim or elsewhere on the rim.