Abstract: A graphitization furnace has a furnace structure including a support part within a furnace chamber, and a gate valve. The gate valve in an open state thereof after a graphitization process dumps a pack material within the furnace chamber in a state in which carbon bodies are located within the furnace chamber, and the support part catches the carbon bodies as a level of the carbon bodies lowers with a decrease in an amount of the pack material remaining within the furnace chamber.

Abstract: Compositions and methods directed to producing metal-doped graphene and the metal-doped graphene derivatives from pitch are disclosed.

Abstract: A process for producing a highly oriented graphitic film, consisting of (a) preparing a dispersion having graphene oxide (GO) or chemically functionalized graphene (CFG) dispersed in a liquid to form a liquid crystal phase (but not in a GO gel state); (b) depositing the dispersion onto a supporting substrate to form a layer of GO or CFG under an orientation-inducing stress; (c) removing the liquid to form a dried GO or CFG layer having an inter-plane spacing d002 of 0.4 nm to 1.2 nm; (d) thermally reducing the dried layer at a first temperature higher than 100° C. to produce a porous layer of reduced GO or CFG; (e) further heat-treating the porous layer at a second temperature to produce a porous graphitic film having an inter-plane spacing d002 less than 0.4 nm; and (f) compressing the porous graphitic film to produce the highly oriented graphitic film.

Abstract: The invention relates to a graphene tape. In particular, it relates to the manufacture, the application and possible uses of such a graphene tape. A graphene tape comprising (a) a support layer; and (b) a first nano-composite layer, the nanocomposite layer comprising a thin film layer and a graphene layer, wherein the thin film layer is disposed between the support layer and the graphene layer. A method of manufacture comprising (a) providing a substrate; (b) forming a graphene layer on the substrate; (c) depositing a thin film layer on the graphene layer; (d) applying a supporting layer on the thin film layer; (e) removing the substrate; and (f) applying a protective layer in place of the substrate.

Abstract: A method for preparing nano silica and nano calcium carbonate using rice hull ash and flue gas. The method includes: 1) adding rice hull ash to a sodium hydroxide solution, to yield a first mixed solution; stirring and heating the first mixed solution; then filtering the first mixed solution to yield a first filtrate; 2) adding the first filtrate to a reaction still, and diluting the first filtrate; adding polyethylene glycol as a dispersant to the reaction solution; introducing flue gas to the reaction solution; filtering the reaction mixture to yield a first filter cake and a second filtrate; washing the first filter cake to a neural pH, slurrying and drying the first filter cake to yield nano silica; and 3) mixing the second filtrate and a washing solution collected from 2); adding a calcium hydroxide solution to the reaction still, to yield nano calcium carbonate.

Abstract: A method for preparing a NaY molecular sieve having a high silica-to-alumina ratio, wherein deionized water, a silicon source, an aluminum source, an alkali source, and ILs as a template agent are mixed to obtain an initial gel mixture; the initial gel mixture is maintained at a proper temperature and aged, then fed into a high pressure synthesis kettle for crystallization; the solid product is separated and dried, to obtain the NaY molecular sieve having a high silica-to-alumina ratio, wherein the ILs is a short-chain alkylimidazolium ionic liquid, the template agent is less volatile, and the resultant high-silicon Y molecular sieve has a high crystallinity and a silica-to-alumina ratio of 6 or more.

Abstract: A method for synthesizing lithium-titanium oxide using a solid state method includes: mixing lithium oxide (Li2O) and titanium oxide (TiO2) in a solvent; separating a solid material which includes lithium oxide and titanium oxide from the solvent; drying the solid material separated from the solvent; and performing a heat treatment on the solid material.

Abstract: A method of synthesizing ferrate, which includes the steps of: (a) weighing and obtaining iron salts, activating agents, alkalinizing agents and oxidizing agents solution; (b) mixing uniformly the iron salts, the activating agents and the alkalinizing agents, heating to 30˜398° C. and maintaining for 1 min˜60 min to obtain a mixture; (c) adding the oxidizing agents solution to the mixture with an adding time of less than 10 minutes, then obtaining a precursor; and (d) natural cooling the precursor, then mixing the precursor with water and stirring evenly to obtain a final product of ferrate, wherein a volume ratio of the precursor and the water is 1:1˜5. The method involves low power consumption, low temperature, low explosion risk, non-complicated steps and procedures, short synthetic time and high ferrate conversion efficiency. The method produces ferrate of high yield and good stability, and is suitable for producing ferrate composite pharmaceuticals in industrialized mass production.

Abstract: A method for on-site aerial dissemination of Oxidatively Converted particles of contamination with substantial atmospheric disposal, commonly known as aerosolization, of the water component of all untreated or partially treated leachates and all untreated or partially treated wastewaters. These leachates and wastewaters (defined as water containing 2 or more detectable and known contaminants) are collected on site and the defined leachate or defined wastewater, having multiple defined and known contaminating suspended and perhaps precipitated solids therein, and aerially disseminating or aerially oxidizing or commonly known aerosolizing said contaminants over a chosen contaminant collections area (defined as 1-300 meters from the nozzles) and disposing of the water component of the leachate or wastewater through atmospheric disposal and lastly evaporation on the site of the leachate or wastewaters' generation.

Abstract: A separator for separating one or more components selected from particulate material, hydrophobic material, non-polar material, microorganisms, or viruses from a mixture of water and the one or more components or from a mixture of a polar liquid and the one or more components, the separator comprising a layer of a metal hydroxide hydrate.

Abstract: A method of indicating to a user of an appliance that a water filter unit operably connected to the appliance has passed its useful life that includes the steps of: providing a filter unit and wherein the filter unit comprises a fluid flow impeding system within a housing of the filter unit; engaging the filter unit with the appliance; measuring the volume of water treated by the filter unit using an end of life measuring system positioned within the filter unit; and activating the fluid flow impeding device contained within the housing of the filter unit after a maximum volume of water the filter unit has been designed to treat has been surpassed.

Abstract: Described herein is a filtration medium comprising a carbon substrate having a surface of COxEy, wherein E is selected from at least one of S, Se, and Te; and wherein x is no more than 0.1 and y is 0.005 to 0.3; a filtration device comprising the filtration medium; and methods of removing chloramines from aqueous solutions.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for the removal of endotoxins from fluids. The methods can include the use of polymeric nanoparticles for binding endotoxins present in a fluid. The polymeric nanoparticles can be associated with a support member. The polymeric nanoparticles can have an endotoxin removal capacity of at least 1×109 endotoxin units per gram of polymeric nanoparticle (EU/g) and/or a removal efficacy per unit surface area of the polymeric nanoparticles of at least 1×106 EU/cm2.

Abstract: There is described a radiation source module for use in a fluid treatment system. The radiation source module comprises a plurality of elongate radiation source elements secured to a frame element, each elongate radiation source element having a longitudinal axis; a first motive element secured to a first side portion of the frame element; and a second motive element secured to a second side portion of the frame element. The first motive element and the second motive element are configured to reversibly translate the plurality of elongate radiation source elements in a direction substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis. A fluid treatment system comprising the radiation source module is also described.

Abstract: A method for separating hydrocarbons and naphthenic acid from an aqueous mixture containing the same by passing the mixture through a spiral wound element to produce a permeate stream and concentrate stream wherein the concentrate stream has a relatively higher concentration of hydrocarbons than the permeate stream, wherein the spiral wound element includes a composite poly amide membrane comprising a porous support and a thin film poly amide layer, wherein the membrane is characterized by having: i) a NaCl rejection and a benzene tetra carboxylic acid rejection of at least 98% when tested with an aqueous solution containing 2000 ppm NaCl and 100 ppm benzene tetra carboxylic acid at 25° C., pH 8 and ImPa (150 psi); and ii) a dissociated carboxylate content of at least 0.3 moles/kg of polyamide at pH 9.5 as measured by Rutherford Backscattering (RBS).

Abstract: This disclosure provides water processing apparatuses, systems, and methods for recovering water from wastewater such as urine. The water processing apparatuses, systems, and methods can utilize membrane technology for extracting purified water in a single step. A containment unit can include an ionomer membrane, such as Nafion®, over a hydrophobic microporous membrane, such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). The containment unit can be filled with wastewater, and the hydrophobic microporous membrane can be impermeable to liquids and solids of the wastewater but permeable to gases and vapors of the wastewater, and the ionomer membrane can be permeable to water vapor but impermeable to one or more contaminants of the gases and vapors. The containment unit can be exposed to a dry purge gas to maintain a water vapor partial pressure differential to drive permeation of the water vapor, and the water vapor can be collected and processed into potable water.

Abstract: An electrolytic chlorinator including a housing, electrodes, and a conduit. The housing defines a flow path for conveying water. The electrodes have a surface area within an interior of the housing to treat the conveyed water. The conduit includes an inlet opening, to the interior of the housing, at a location above at least a majority of the surface area to collect gas resultant from the treatment.

Abstract: Methods for removing one or more contaminants from an aqueous stream comprising: adding a polymer comprising recurring units of one or more acrylamide monomers and recurring units of one or more monomers selected from hydroxyalkyl-methacrylates and allyloxyalkyldiols to the aqueous stream to form solidified contaminants; and separating the solidified contaminants from the aqueous stream are provided. The methods may be used for removing contaminants including zinc-, copper-, barium-, aluminum-, manganese-, cobalt-, and iron-based contaminants.

Abstract: A system, composition and method of treating a body of water with an active in a tablet form or contained in a water soluble container to improve overall water quality and ensure adequate dispersion of the active. The composition preferably comprises active(s) and an effervescent couple in solid form. The method preferably comprises dispensing a treatment composition by dropping or throwing the pellets or water soluble containers into the water. The water soluble containers preferably are bag-within-a-bag containers, with an inner bag and outer bag each having the treatment composition and air. Upon contact with the water, the effervescent couple will react to form carbon dioxide, which aids in dispersing the active and any optional ingredients in the treatment composition throughout the water.

Abstract: An active photocatalytic reactor configured to process biological culturing water with an accelerated process. Water to be used in a biological culturing system is stabilized with pollutants in the water reduced. The active photocatalytic reactor is less affected by outside environment while having faster activating speed. The active photocatalytic reactor can further be combined with a traditional filter to form a serial or parallel connection for more effectively purifying the culturing water with damage to the whole system avoided.

Abstract: It is described a method for biological purification of water, the method comprising: leading the water into a reactor through one or more inlet pipes or inlet zones; leading the water and substrate through carrier elements for biofilm growth which have a high protected surface area (>200 m2/m3 carrier elements) and a large pore volume (>60%); wherein one or more membrane units are submerged in the water in the reactor; wherein permeate is pulled out of the reactor through the pores of the membranes; wherein oxygen-containing gas is supplied in the reactor through an aeration system; wherein during normal operation the water level in the reactor is maintained below one or more outlet pipes or outlet zones that are dedicated for excess sludge removal; wherein during washing operation strong turbulence is created for removal of excess sludge as the water level in the reactor is temporarily raised to the level where the outlet pipes or outlet zones that are dedicated for excess sludge removal are.

Abstract: Described herein are methods and devices for treating water, wastewater, and organic wastes. The methods and devices are mixed by using hydraulic surge mixers. This surge mixer is driven by gas and can provide occasional surges of water using large bubbles which are able to move great volume of liquid while minimizing dissolved oxygen transfer to the surrounding liquid. Use of the devices and processes herein provides a simple, eloquent approach to water and wastewater treatment with less operation and maintenance costs than conventional devices and/or processes. The same surge lifting device can also be installed in other reactors to mix the tank content and enhance reaction with reduced energy use and maintenance needs.

Abstract: A method of producing purified water in a subsurface environment is provided in which ambient subsurface source water is introduced into and through one or more ultrafiltration membrane units of a subsurface water treatment system and producing thereby an ultrafiltrate substantially free of solid particulates having a largest dimension greater than 0.1 microns. An electrochemical unit in fluid communication with at least one ultrafiltration membrane unit provides an antifoulant solution. An ultrafiltrate-rich backwash fluid and at least a portion of the antifoulant solution are delivered to at least one non-producing ultrafiltration membrane unit during a backwash cycle. A flux of source fluid through each of the ultrafiltration membrane units of less than thirty gallons per square foot per day limits the need for backwash cycles. A reduction in the number of backwash cycles enhances system autonomy and useful life, and limits the need for intervention for maintenance and component replacement.

Abstract: A subsurface water treatment system is provided which may be used to produce purified water using ambient subsurface water as a source fluid. The system includes one or more ultrafiltration membrane units which use ambient water as the source fluid and to produce therefrom an ultrafiltrate substantially free of solid particulates having a largest dimension greater than 0.1 microns. An electrochemical unit provides an antifoulant solution comprising hypohalous acid species. A backwash unit allows periodic cleaning and defouling of a non-producing ultrafiltration membrane unit. The system may also include a nanofiltration unit and a reverse osmosis membrane unit which may be used to produce purified water having any of a wide range desired total dissolved solids content. The novel systems and methods described may be used to stimulate the production of hydrocarbon fluids from a hydrocarbon reservoir.

Abstract: A process for the treatment of minewater or other waste waters integrating existing treatment processes in a modular scaled system wherein the improved treatment system can make use of a positive head of water, either via siphon or conducted flow to displace pumping costs involved in water treatment. The improved process can to be located underground, as it is both modular and intensified, reducing the physical size of the treatment plant and increasing its flexibility. The improved process has a lower capital cost and reduced operating costs.

Abstract: A method for removing mercury from flue gas in a flue gas desulfurization plant, in which the mercury concentration in the FGD gypsum is reduced without increasing the size of the waste water treatment plant, by increasing the volume-related mercury concentration in the wash wastewater and feeding this more concentrated flow of waste water to the waste water treatment plant.

Abstract: A produced water treatment system includes: a raw water flow passage to allow produced water to flow therethrough; a desalination flow passage connected to the raw water flow passage, and connected to a membrane distillation apparatus which removes a salt in the produced water flowing in from the raw water flow passage; and a bypass flow passage connected to the desalination flow passage and configured to supply the produced water to desalinated water obtained by desalination by the membrane distillation apparatus.

Abstract: A pH treatment and method for extraction of leachable resources and pollutants from sludge. A volume of wastewater sludge is initially dewatered followed by adding pH adjusting agents to the dewatered sludge to remove acid/base-soluble contaminants. The acid/base-soluble contaminants are flushed out or dewatered from the treated product. Treated sludge can then be sent to storage and held for beneficial uses.

Abstract: The expeditionary wastewater recycling system is a portable, self-contained system adapted for deployment in the field for use by expeditionary military forces. The system includes a tank that is divided into three separate internal volumes. The first volume serves as a primary clarification chamber, the second contains a moving bed biological reactor (MBBR), and the third contains a membrane biological reactor (MBR). Blackwater from the latrine flows through the three chambers, and further treatment is provided by ultraviolet and chlorine treatment units. The system may be deployed between the latrine and a conventional liquid storage bladder. Processed water flows to another storage bladder provided with the system, and the conventional bladder serves as an overflow container. The system is completely contained within a standard shipping container, and additional volume within the container serves to store the collapsed bladder, hoses, fittings, and/or other equipment.

Abstract: An enhanced primary treatment (EPT) system includes an EPT settling tank. A sludge drain discharges a sludge including BOD from the EPT settling tank and a clarified effluent discharge recovers decanted fluid from the EPT settling tank. A controller has at least one computer processor. A sludge sensor is communicatively coupled to the controller. The sludge sensor provides a sludge BOD concentration measurement, or a measurement from which the sludge BOD concentration is calculated. A process algorithm controls the sludge valve to control the discharge of the sludge by gravity or by pumping in response to data from the sludge sensor of the sludge BOD concentration. A method of controlling an enhanced primary treatment (EPT) system is also described.

Abstract: A method for providing an optimized organic load to a downstream wastewater treatment process includes the steps of: providing a primary wastewater treatment plant including an organic harvester (OH) with an OH effluent output stream with temporal variation in organic content, a sludge filtrate outflow from the primary wastewater treatment plant, a valve controlled by a controller, and a sensor communicatively coupled to the controller, the sensor disposed downstream of a combined outflow line to measure an organic content of a combined outflow to the downstream wastewater treatment process; sensing the organic content of the combined outflow to the downstream wastewater treatment process; adjusting the valve controlled by the controller to maintain about a setpoint organic content concentration of the combined outflow to the downstream wastewater treatment process by supplementing the OH effluent output stream with organically rich matter from the sludge filtrate outflow.

Abstract: A sludge treatment system, comprising a pump (1), an ozone generation device, an ejector (2) and pipe reactors (3). The pump (1), the ozone generation device, the ejector (2) and the pipe reactors (3) are sequentially connected by pipes. An oxygen generator (4) and an ozone machine (5) are arranged within the ozone generation device, and are connected by a pipe. The ozone generation device is used for providing ozone into the pipe reactors (3). The inner surfaces of the pipe reactors (3) are coated with a catalyst layer used for increasing the oxidative capacity of the ozone on the sludge. Spiral fin plates (6) allowing a fluid to generate a spiral flow are arranged within the pipe reactors (3). Also disclosed is a sludge treatment method using the present sludge treatment system. The present system has a high ozone utilization rate, and a low ozone input proportion.

Abstract: A nanocomposite material that can withstand prolonged contact with molten glass and glass precursor melts may include a cermet substrate and a glass reaction material overlying the cermet substrate. The cermet substrate may include a refractory metal matrix and ceramic particles embedded in the refractory metal matrix, and the glass reaction material may be the reaction product of molten glass and the cermet substrate in an inert environment. The nanocomposite material can be used to construct any kind of structure, such as an impeller or a vessel liner, that may be exposed to molten glass or glass precursor melts.

Abstract: The present invention provides a non-contact vibration suppression device comprising a first ultrasonic vibration unit and a second ultrasonic vibration unit, the device being characterized in that the first ultrasonic vibration unit and the second ultrasonic vibration unit are installed to face each other while being spaced from each other such that an object can be interposed therebetween, the first ultrasonic vibration unit and the second ultrasonic vibration unit generate ultrasonic vibrations, respectively, and apply repulsive forces, which result from the ultrasonic vibrations, to the object such that the object is constrained with no contact between the first ultrasonic vibration unit and the second ultrasonic vibration unit, thereby suppressing vibration of the object.

Abstract: A cover window manufacturing apparatus includes a plurality of fixed plates, a plurality of moving plates, a plurality of molds and a driver. The plurality of fixed plates is layered and spaced apart at a distance from each other. The plurality of moving plates is layered, spaced apart at a distance from each other and respectively disposed under the plurality of fixed plates. A plurality of connection members integrally connects the plurality of moving plates with each other. The plurality of molds is respectively provided on the plurality of moving plates, and inner spaces for molding the cover window are respectively defined in the plurality of molds. The driver is coupled to one of the plurality of moving plates, and is configured to move the plurality of moving plates towards the plurality of fixed plates such that the plurality of molds are pressed to the plurality of fixed plates.

Abstract: A method for producing a glass plate according to the present invention includes: a conveying-in step of conveying a heated glass plate into a molding apparatus; a first molding step of molding the glass plate in a state where at least part of a peripheral edge portion of at least one of an upper face and a lower face of the glass plate is free from contact; a separating step of separating at least a region molded in the first molding step, of the glass plate, from any mold that the region was in contact with; a second molding step of molding a region including at least part of the peripheral edge portion of the glass plate; and a conveying-out step of conveying the glass plate subjected to the second molding step, out of the molding apparatus.

Abstract: A method includes indirectly engaging a surface of a moving ribbon of inorganic material with a non-contacting support unit. The ribbon is severed with a thermal separating unit while the non-contacting support unit is indirectly engaged with the ribbon.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a laser drilling method and a laser drilling system. The laser drilling method includes a hole-boundary formation step of outputting a pulse laser beam and scanning a substrate to be drilled, to form a boundary cutting groove of a preformed hole; a material-in-hole heating step of outputting a CO2 laser beam, aligning the CO2 laser beam with the preformed hole, and heating a substrate material of the preformed hole for a predetermined period of time; and a hole formation step of cooling the substrate material of the preformed hole, to deform the substrate material and enable the substrate material to fall off from the substrate to be drilled.

Abstract: A production method of an optical fiber preform includes: forming a porous preform by depositing silica particles at an outer periphery of a core rod; and vitrifying the porous preform by conducting thermal treatment steps. At a first thermal treatment step that is an initial thermal treatment step of the thermal treatment steps, the porous preform is heated so that internal temperatures at two end portions in a longitudinal direction of the porous preform increase before an internal temperature of a center portion in the longitudinal direction increases.

Abstract: A porous glass base material sintering method comprising measuring a feeding speed Vf of a porous glass base material and a movement speed Vw of a bottom end of the glass base material; performing a sintering treatment of the porous glass base material presetting, for each feeding distance L of the porous glass base material, a greater-than-1 target value ?S (L) of an elongation rate in a straight body portion of the porous glass base material calculated based on a ratio Vw/Vf, and controlling at least one of a temperature of the heating furnace and a feeding speed of the porous glass base material such that a measured value ? of the elongation rate of the porous glass base material matches with the target value ?S (L).

Abstract: The invention relates to a glass sheet having high transmission of infrared (IR) radiation. More specifically, the invention relates to a glass sheet having a composition which comprises, in a content expressed as percentages by total weight of glass: SiO2 55-85%; Al2O3 0-30%; B2O3 0-20%; Na2O 0-25%; CaO 0-20%; MgO 0-15%; K2O 0-20%; BaO 0-20%; Total iron (expressed in the form of Fe2O3) 0.002-0.06%, a chromium content (expressed in the form of Cr2O3) ranging from 0.0015% to 1% and a cobalt content (expressed in the form of Co) ranging from 0.0001% to 1%. By virtue of its high transmission of IR radiation, the glass sheet according to the invention can advantageously be used in a device using a technology requiring very good transmission of IR radiation, whether through the main faces or starting from their sheared edge (for example, a screen or panel or pad, the glass sheet defining a touch surface).

Abstract: Optical glass that has an Abbe number (Vd) of less than 23 and is suitable for use as a single-lens material constituting a photographic-imaging lens; an optical element including the optical glass; and an imaging lens containing a lens including the optical glass. Optical glass that has an Abbe number (Vd) of less than 23, wherein a flat plate of said optical glass with a thickness of 10 mm exhibits an ISO color contribution index (ISO/CCI) of 0 for blue (B), up to 9 for green (G), and up to 9 for red (R).

Abstract: A glass composition, a device and a method for producing the device are disclosed. In an embodiment, the glass composition includes a tellurium oxide in a proportion of at least 65 mol. % and at most 90 mol. %, R1O in a proportion between 0 mol. % and 20 mol. %, wherein R1 is selected from Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zn, Mn and combinations thereof and at least one M12O in a proportion between 5 mol. % and 25 mol. %, wherein M1 is selected from Li, Na, K and combinations thereof. The glass component further includes at least one R22O3 in a proportion between 1 mol. % and 3 mol. %, wherein R2 is selected from Al, Ga, In, Bi, Sc, Y, La, rare earths and combinations thereof, and M2O2 in a proportion between 0 mol. % and 2 mol. %, wherein M2 is selected from Ti, Zr, Hf and combinations thereof.

Abstract: A co-doped optical fiber is provided having an attenuation of less than about 0.17 dB/km at a wavelength of 1550 nm. The fiber includes a core region in the fiber having a graded refractive index profile with an alpha of greater than 5. The fiber also includes a first cladding region in the fiber that surrounds the core region. Further, the core region has an effective refractive index of about ?0.10% to about +0.05% compared to pure silica. In addition, the core region includes silica that is co-doped with chlorine at about 1.2% or greater by weight and fluorine between about 0.1% and about 1% by weight.

Abstract: Protective coatings are formed on a reflective surface of a substrate by depositing an aqueous coating composition including dispersed silica-containing nanoparticles, and removing at least a portion of the aqueous phase. In some embodiments, the aqueous coating composition includes an acid having a pKa of <3.5 in an amount effective to produce a pH of less than 5. In other embodiments, the aqueous coating composition includes at least one dispersed (co)polymer, which in some embodiments, forms core-shell particle having a dispersed (co)polymer core surrounded by a shell consisting essentially of silica nanoparticles. In some of these embodiments, the pH is at least 5. Also described are methods of making and using the coating compositions to impart soil and stain accumulation resistance and easy cleaning characteristics to light reflective substrates such as construction articles (e.g., roofing materials), light reflective surfaces (e.g. reflective films) and light transmissive surfaces (e.g.

Abstract: A glazing unit includes a hydrophilic layer including a polyurethane network incorporating bis-urea functions. Furthermore, a process for manufacturing this glazing unit, includes depositing a solution containing at least one isocyanate, one polyol and one bis-urea including a polyol function, polyvinylpyrrolidone, a film-forming agent and a solvent on a glass substrate, drying the glazing unit containing the substrate and the deposited solution, and subjecting the glazing unit to a temperature of between 100 and 150° C.

Abstract: Methods for producing pozzolanic or latent hydraulic cement clinker substitutes may involve calcining clay with a fuel comprising a mineral substance at temperatures in the range from 500 to 1250° C., preferably from 550 to 1150° C., most preferably from 700 to 900° C. A resulting mixture of mineral substance from the fuel and the calcined clay forms a pozzolanic or latent hydraulic cement clinker substitute, in which a fraction of the mineral substance incorporated into the pozzolanic or latent hydraulic cement clinker substitute by the fuel is 1-60% by weight.

Abstract: Magnesium based cements are provided using one or more slurry precursors. In an embodiment, a method of forming a magnesium-based cement includes providing an aqueous slurry of a magnesium compound. A magnesium cement co-reactant is also provided. The aqueous slurry of the magnesium compound is mixed with the magnesium cement co-reactant to provide the magnesium-based cement.

Abstract: The invention generally provides gypsum-containing slurries including stucco, naphthalenesulfonate dispersant, and pregelatinized starch. The naphthalenesulfonate dispersant is present in an amount of about 0.1% -3.0% by weight based on the weight of dry stucco. The pregelatinized starch present in an amount of at least about 0.5% by weight up to about 10% by weight of pregelatinized starch by weight based on the weight of dry stucco in the formulation. Other slurry additives can include trimetaphosphate salts, accelerators, binders, paper fiber, glass fiber, and other known ingredients. The invention also comprises the gypsum-containing products made with such slurries, for example, gypsum wallboard, and a method of making gypsum wallboard.

Abstract: A method is for sealing hydrocarbon wells, wherein a composition is used. The composition comprises a prepolymer; a free radical initiator; a hydraulic material; a monomer and water. The composition further comprises an inhibitor.