Abstract: A crankshaft including narrow flat shoulders that are located next to a bearing pin at adjacent cheeks of the crankshaft. The narrow flat shoulders are machined by turning a rotary tool. In the process, the crankshaft that is clamped in a fixed manner and rotates about a rotation and clamping axis in which also the centric longitudinal axis formed by centric bearing pins of the crank shaft is located. As a result, the bearing pins rotate with a geometric axis thereof on a circular path about the rotation and clamping axis. The rotary tool tracks the moving bearing pins with regard to the vertical and lateral movement thereof in two movement directions that are perpendicular to each other. As a result, the rotary tool is in consistent lateral engagement with the flat shoulder of the bearing pin.

Abstract: A parting tool for the chip removing machining of metal blanks includes a blade and a replaceable cutting insert mounted in a seat, which is delimited between a bottom support and an elastically resilient clamping finger. The cutting insert includes an upper side, in which there is included a front rake surface, as well as an application surface positioned behind the same and against which the clamping finger is pressed. In the clamping finger, a flushing channel is included to spray a cooling medium toward the rake surface. A front nose of the clamping finger facing a shoulder is formed between the rake surface and the application surface and has the purpose of protecting the nose from chips. The shoulder has two knobs mutually separated by a central notch, via which cooling medium can pass from the flushing channel toward the rake surface.

Abstract: A cutting tool for radial and axial recessing and for lateral motion for so-called grooving of primarily metallic materials. The cutting tool has a clamping holder and a cutting element base, fastened to the clamping holder, on which a cutting element rests. The cutting element is pressed onto the cutting element base by a clamping finger of a clamping claw, and the cutting element being guided on the cutting element base with a prism.

Abstract: Composite compositions and machine and contact tools, for example, metal boring tools and face mills that are manufactured from them. The tools are provided with composite structure to lighten the tools and yet retain the strength and durability of the tool. The novelty resides in the use of additives to certain composites that make up a portion of the tool, especially tool bars.

Abstract: A tool attachment has: a mounting unit for mounting on a mounting interface of a hand-held machine tool; and a centering aid provided on the mounting unit for axially centering the mounting unit on the mounting interface.

Abstract: In a chucking device and a chucking method for a machine tool which grip a workpiece that serves as a target object to be processed by the machine tool, a first cylinder and a second cylinder are controlled based on the position of a piston of the first cylinder detected by a length measuring sensor, and the position of a piston of the second cylinder detected by a length measuring sensor. In this manner, the workpiece is gripped by respective gripping members at a predetermined position, i.e., the axial center, of a chuck main body.

Abstract: A device for internal chips cutting machining in a bore having a unit for breaking up chips by internal chip cutting machining in the bore. The device includes a principal element with a longitudinal axis and with at least one movable cutter head with a cutter that can be moved essentially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the principal element. The device also includes a mechanism for linear motion. A nozzle for flushing of the cutter fluid on the cutter is located onto and can be moved together with the cutter head. A fluid duct is in connection with the nozzle and has a source for cutter fluid at high pressure.

Abstract: A drill capable of performing high-quality drilling machining on a material which is hard to be cut such as CFRP is provided. The drill includes a drill body 4 having a shank portion 2 at a rear side of the drill main body and a cutting portion 3 at a front side of the drill main body, a first land A to a fourth land D at the cutting portion 3, a first cutting portion groove 5a to a fourth cutting portion groove 5d provided between the lands of the first land A to the fourth land D, a pilot blade 6 formed at the tip of the cutting portion 3, a diameter-enlarging spiral thread portion 9 continuously following the pilot blade 6, a finished spiral thread portion 12 continuously following the diameter-enlarging spiral thread portion 9, a diameter-enlarging spiral blade portion 18, and a finishing spiral blade portion 19.

Abstract: A jig device holding a work piece is used with a milling machine that cuts from the work piece a prosthesis having a surface essentially free of defects. The jig device is inserted repeatedly into the machine in the same predetermined location, even upon inverting the jig device. This maintains the spatial relationship between the jig device and milling so, at start up, they are always in the same exact spatial relationship. The milling machine partially cuts through a first side of the work piece to form in the work piece a cavity having a surface part corresponding to at least a portion of the prosthesis being made. The jig device is then removed from the machine, inverted and reinserted into the machine at the same predetermined location. A support material is placed in the cavity prior to reinserting the jig device. Upon reinserting the jig device, the machine precisely cuts through an opposed side of the work piece to form within the work piece a prosthesis having a surface essentially free of defects.

Abstract: Coded keys are produced by reference to a set of matrix keys, each matrix key of a set has uniform notch spacing and a uniform but different depth compared to the others. A holder carries a complete matrix key set. The holder, in turn, is securable to a carriage having a key blank-retaining vise. By manipulating the holder, any selected one of the matrix keys may be brought into fixed coplanar and linear registration with the key blank. As the holder and carriage are moved synchronously, a first matrix key is urged toward a stylus at a given code location defined by a notch of specific depth and a cutter removes material from the key blank to form a corresponding notch. The process is repetitively performed until a notch of the prescribed code depth is defined at each location along the key blank needed to form a replacement key.

Abstract: A cutting tool, such as a milling cutter, includes a tool body and a plurality of pockets for receiving cutting inserts. Each pocket includes a bottom support surface, an radial support surface, an axial support surface, a first corner relief between the bottom support surface and the radial support surface, and a first stress relief formed in the first corner relief at one end of the pocket. The first stress relief is formed at an angle with respect to a plane parallel to the radial support surface. The first stress relief reduces a tensile stress of the cutting tool during a machining operation. A second and third stress relief may be formed in the first corner relief and/or in a second corner relief.

Abstract: An indexable cutting insert includes at least two side edges each defining an indexable edge of the insert and at least two cutting teeth are on each indexable edge. The cutting insert includes locating means on a plane of the upper face and/or a plane of the lower face. When mounted on a material removal tool, the locating means cooperate with receivers on the working face of the material removal tool to constrain degrees of freedom of the cutting insert. Further, the mounted cutting inserts each locate the radial edge of the cutting teeth in the active position on a common circumference of a circle centered on an axis of rotation of the material removal tool. A mounting system per see is also disclosed as well as a method of removing material from a workpiece with the material removal tool.

Abstract: In a cutting insert according to an embodiment, an upper cutting edge includes, sequentially from a first corner to a second corner, a corner cutting edge, a minor cutting edge inclined as separating from the corner cutting edge at a first inclination angle on a basis of a vertical plane perpendicular to a central axis extending between upper and lower surfaces, and a major cutting edge inclined as separating from the minor cutting edge at a second inclination angle on the basis of the vertical plane so as to become more closer to the lower surface than the minor cutting edge. A cross section of a rake surface obtained by cutting an inwardly located end portion thereof along a direction of the central axis has a straight line shape or concave shape in a region crossing over at least a minor rake surface and a major rake surface.

Abstract: A cutting insert has polygonal first and second end surfaces which are connected by a peripheral side surface, each end surface defining first and second end planes, respectively. The peripheral side surface has first peripheral side portions alternated in the circumferential direction with second peripheral side portions. The first peripheral side portions are inverse copies of the second peripheral side portions. Each peripheral side portion includes first and second sub-faces which form different angles with the first and second end planes. The first and second sub-faces intersect one another between the first and second end planes to form a line which is parallel to the first and second end planes.

Abstract: A milling insert having an upper side, an under side, a clearance face disposed between the upper and under side, and at least one cutting edge that includes two main edges, which converge toward a nose edge. The cutting edge is formed between two ground part surfaces situated on both sides of a cutting edge line, by on one hand, a primary clearance surface, which is included in the clearance face and is off-plane from a lower, secondary clearance surface, and, on the other hand, a peripheral chip surface, which is included in the upper side and situated on a higher level than a land disposed inside, and which is narrower than the primary clearance surface and has a width of at least 0.3 mm. The milling insert may advantageously be used in milling tools for gear hobbing.

Abstract: An indexable cutting insert having a top surface, a bottom surface, and a plurality of side surfaces. A main cutting edge, a ramping cutting edge, a wiper cutting edge, and a nose radius cutting edge are formed at the intersection between the top surface and the side surfaces. Two diagonally side surfaces further comprise a first side surface and a second side surface. The second side surface extends the entire length of the main cutting edge. The first and second side surfaces and two other side surfaces contact an insert pocket of the milling cutter when the cutting insert is mounted the insert pocket of the high-speed milling cutter, thereby providing four-point contact between the cutting insert and the insert pocket.

Abstract: A milling tool is equipped with milling inserts, below which there are disposed shim plates, the primary function of which is to protect the basic body of the tool in the event of insert breakdowns. The shim plate is formed with a protuberance, in which an auxiliary cutting edge is included, which, in the assembled state of the tool, is located along an inactive cutting edge, which is situated radially inside an active chip removing cutting edge. By means of the auxiliary cutting edge, the milling tool can be utilized for ramping operations without risk of the inactive cutting edge of the milling insert being damaged.

Abstract: A cutting tool (has a central, longitudinal axis and a tool body including an insert pocket with a bottom wall, a rear wall and at least one side wall. A cantilevered member is machined from the tool body so as to be integrally formed with the tool body. The cantilevered member extends from one of the walls of the insert pocket. An adjustment screw exerts a force against the cantilevered member to selectively adjust a position of a cutting insert mounted on the cantilevered member with respect to the central, longitudinal axis of the cutting tool. A method for selectively adjusting a position of the cutting insert is also disclosed.

Abstract: A tool holder attachment structure includes a spindle and a tool holder. The spindle has a tip end face and a tapered hole. The tool holder has a tapered shank portion and a flange end face. In a clamped state, there is a clearance of a predetermined size between the flange end face of the tool holder and the tip end face of the spindle. As the spindle is rotated, the tapered hole of the spindle is slightly expanded by a centrifugal force caused by rotation of the spindle, and the presence of this clearance allows the tapered shank portion to be further drawn into the tapered hole so that the flange end face of the tool holder closely contacts the tip end face of the spindle, and the tapered shank portion is closely fitted in the tapered hole, whereby two-face restraint is implemented.

Abstract: A wind shielding portion is provided in a front side of an exhaust port for cooling air from a motor such that it crosses over a lateral width with respect to a cutting direction. The cooling air which is blown to the wind shielding portion is effectively blown through a ventilation portion having a small ventilating resistance force and towards a marking line guide. Even when the cutting device main body is set at an incline, the cooling air is blown to the wind shielding portion, and is effectively blown through the ventilation portion to the marking line guide.

Abstract: A reciprocating saw blade for use with a reciprocating saw, the saw blade including a body including a first substantially planar surface and a second substantially planar surface opposite the first surface, an attachment portion for coupling the saw blade to the reciprocating saw, a cutting edge including a plurality of cutting teeth, and a rib element including a pair of outermost rib members. One of the outermost rib members is proximate the cutting edge and the other of the outermost rib members is proximate a back edge of the blade opposite the cutting edge. Each outermost rib member includes a first portion and a second portion. The first portions of each of the ribs are substantially parallel to one another.

Abstract: The invention a fixed abrasive sawing wire comprising diamond particles held in a metallic retention layer on a steel wire. The steel wire has a diameter less than 300 ???. More than half of the diamond particles (102, 102?, 104, 104?, 104?, 104??) have a cubo-octahedral morphology as obtained in the diamond synthesis by high pressure at high temperature. 95% of the diamond particles have a size of 80 pm or less. The diamond particles predominantly show low elongation below or equal to 0.2 and are not obtained by crushing larger diamonds.

Abstract: A tool for cyclo-palloid gear hobbing includes a head and a plurality of milling inserts protruding from a front side thereof. The milling inserts are mounted, two by two, in chip removal units that are detachably connected to the head. Each milling insert is clamped by a wedge and a screw that are easy to access. The wedge acts tangentially against the milling insert behind which there is a tangential support in the form of a shoulder. By clamping the milling insert with a respective wedge the milling inserts can be mounted and dismounted in a simple way, and each group of wedge+milling insert+tangential support can be located tangentially and thereby efficiently carry the cutting forces acting on the milling insert. In further aspects, an insert holder intended for the tool, a chip removal unit of an insert holder and an insert kit are disclosed.

Abstract: A machine for the electrochemical marking treatment of metallic surfaces, includes an electrode placed in sliding movement on the metallic surface to be treated, a buffer impregnated with etching solution for the specific metal in treatment, and an electric current circuit, suitable for electro-marking treatment of said metal, with a conductor connected to the electrode and the other conductor connected to the metallic surface in treatment; and presents to treat large metallic surfaces on plates, metal canvas or on metallic sheet in coil.

Abstract: A method includes heating a solder bump above a melting temperature of the solder bump. The solder bump is stretched to increase a height of the solder bump. The solder bump is cooled down to form a solder bump joint in an electrical device.

Abstract: A soldering jig comprises a shaped hole that fits a corresponding battery terminal, such as a square battery terminal, and provides a cavity for insertion of a solder wire. An opposite side from the cavity for insertion of the solder wire provides a blind hole for insertion of one end of the solder wire and a template for bending and cutting the solder wire to a correct length. Once cut, the solder wire is inserted into the cavity and is resiliently retained until the solder wire and jig are inverted and placed onto a hot battery terminal. Under pressure and residual heat the hot battery terminal, the solder wire melts, soldering an interface.

Abstract: Provided is a method of resistance spot welding of welding a sheet set including a high strength steel sheet with which a high joint strength can be achieved even for a high Ceq material. A method of resistance spot welding a sheet set of two or more lapped steel sheets by weld the sheet set while clamping and pressing the sheet set between a pair of welding electrodes includes a first welding step of applying an weld current Im (kA) and forming a nugget having a nugget diameter d (mm) that satisfies the following inequality (1); a cooling step, subsequent to the foregoing first welding, of cooling the sheet set while continuing to press the sheet set; and a second welding step of performing two-step welding, 3×?tm?d?6×?tm??(1), where tm is the thickness (mm) of the thinnest one of the foregoing two or more steel sheets.

Abstract: A friction stir processing tool having a shoulder, which is implemented on a body, and which has a friction surface for pressing against at least one workpiece at least partially provided with a surface coating, and a friction reducing unit for reducing the friction resistance between the surface coating and the friction surface.

Abstract: An optical device and method of making same including the use of 3-D subsurface laser engraving to emplace optical features such as lenses, mirrors, prisms, diffusers, light pipes and waveguides, reticules, apertures, polarizers, beam splitters, arrays, and the like into the interior of solid plastic or glass.

Abstract: Systems and methods for performing semiconductor laser annealing using dual loop control are disclosed. The first control loop operates at a first frequency and controls the output of the laser and controls the 1/f laser noise. The second control loop also controls the amount of output power in the laser and operates at second frequency lower than the first frequency. The second control loop measures the thermal emission of the wafer over an area the size of one or more die so that within-die emissivity variations are average out when determining the measured annealing temperature. The measured annealing temperature and an annealing temperature set point are used to generate the control signal for the second control loop.

Abstract: A method and apparatus attach a laser diode on a submount to a slider. The submount and laser diode form a submount assembly. The slider includes an air-bearing surface (ABS) and a transducer. The apparatus includes an optical fiber and a holder. The optical fiber is configured to carry a laser pulse. The holder includes a vacuum channel and an optical fiber aperture therein. A portion of the optical fiber is held in the optical fiber aperture. The vacuum channel is configured to hold the submount assembly by a pressure differential between a pressure developed in the vacuum channel and an external pressure at a remaining portion of the submount assembly. The pressure in the vacuum channel is less than the external pressure. The method holds the submount assembly in the apparatus, aligns the submount assembly to the slider and provides a laser pulse through the fiber.

Abstract: The present invention provides a laser processing method in which a modified layer is formed inside a workpiece by irradiating the workpiece with a laser beam having such a wavelength as to be transmitted through the workpiece with the focal point of the laser beam positioned inside the workpiece. In the laser processing method, the spectral line width of the laser beam is set equal to or smaller than 10 pm.

Abstract: A method for creating a tapered spiral welded conical structure where the overall shape of the cone is first graphically slit axially and unwrapped, and then a series of construction arcs and lines are created to form the edge lines of a strip that can then be wrapped (rolled) to form a tapered conical structure. The edges of the spirally wound strip can be welded together, and a very large conical structure can thus be achieved. Various construction options are presented from a constant width strip to strip made from straight segments. Equations are given for the formation of the strips to enable those skilled in the art of spiral welded tubing to practice the invention.

Abstract: Electrodes for depositing hardfacing alloys containing boron, carbon, chromium, manganese, and silicon on the surface of metal components that are subjected to high thermal and mechanical stresses. The deposited hardfacing alloys have from about 2.5 to about 14.0 atomic percent boron and have a hardness on the Rockwell “C” scale of at least about 65 HRC in the first layer of the weld deposit.

Abstract: A method of welding a pipe section in a ring-based welding system, wherein the welding system comprises: (i) an adjustable ring gear mount; (ii) a ring gear assembly positioned on the adjustable ring gear mount, the ring gear assembly having an inner diameter and a center point; and (iii) at least one weld head assembly mounted on the ring gear assembly.

Abstract: A heat-dissipation unit includes a base and a plurality of radiating fins. The base has a plurality of grooves formed thereon, and each of the grooves has an open top and closed bottom. The radiating fins respectively have a heat-radiating zone and a bent zone. When a pressure is applied onto the bent zones, the bent zones respectively form an assembling section in the grooves to tightly fit therein. With the above arrangements, the radiating fins can be firmly locked to the base without the need of welding, so that the manufacturing cost is reduced and the problem of a damaged base due to assembling can be avoided. A method of manufacturing the above-described heat-dissipation unit is also disclosed.

Abstract: A take-off needle comprises a hollow lance having a distal end adapted to perform a insertion operation, said hollow lance being connected to at least one pipe provided with a spigot for it to be connected to a tube, and comprising a body for holding the hollow lance and pipe relative to each other such that the spigot projects from the holding body, said needle timber comprising two flanges held on respective sides of and spaced from the holding body by virtue of a spacer disposed between each flange and the holding body, said flanges extending in a longitudinal direction from the spigot to the vicinity of the proximal end of the hollow lance, the width of each flange being greater than the width of the portion of the holding body facing the flanges.

Abstract: A method for garment displaying and/or sorting is disclosed comprising, in one embodiment, affixing garments, such as socks, to a hook fastener. In one embodiment, a user may determine whether a select and/or matching pair of socks is affixed and, if a select and/or matching pair of socks is determined to be affixed, the user removes or pairs the select pair of socks or the socks determined to be matching. In another embodiment, a user may determine if a select or matching pair of socks is present among affixed socks and non affixed socks and pair that select or matching pair of socks. Hook fasteners may be affixed to or rested on a desired surface for displaying affixed socks or other garments.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a bed for use with a turning center assembled with a main shaft housing in which a work piece is chucked, a turret and a tool table configured to process the work piece by a tool, and a transfer apparatus configured to transfer the turret and the tool table. The bed includes: a rib including a plurality of rib elements, in which the rib element includes a first rib element positioned at a lower portion of the bed where the main shaft housing is assembled, and a second rib element positioned at a lower portion of the bed where the transfer apparatus is assembled.

Abstract: Coupling members and pipe machining apparatuses including coupling members are provided. In one aspect, a coupling member includes a shaft and an engagement member defining a cavity there through and including a projection. The shaft is at least partially positioned within the cavity and extends through the cavity, and the shaft is adapted to rotate relative to the engagement member. The coupling member also includes a plunger at least partially positioned within the cavity and moveable relative to the engagement member, and further includes a biasing member at least partially positioned within the cavity between the plunger and the engagement member.

Abstract: A vertical machining center in gantry construction may comprise a machine frame having two side walls configured to receive a tool-carrying assembly and a workpiece-carrying assembly, a moveable pickup tool magazine store within the two side walls of the machine frame configured for a tool change by the pickup method, and a machine enclosure which completely encloses the machining center. Below the moveable pickup tool magazine store there may be a free space in which there is additionally at least one further spare magazine, equivalent in construction to the pickup tool magazine store. A force-driven reloading handling system, with which machining tools can be reloaded from the spare magazine into the pickup tool magazine store and vice versa, may be provided within the machine enclosure at an access opening of the machine frame.

Abstract: A positioning device includes a fixing mechanism, a first positioning assembly, a second positioning assembly. The fixing mechanism includes a base, a first moving member movably passing through the base, and a second moving member movably passing through the base. The first positioning assembly includes a bottom board and two first guide portions protruding from the bottom board. Each first guide portion forms one first incline surface. The second positioning assembly includes a base body and two second guide portions. The base body is positioned between the two first guide portions respectively positioned on opposite side surfaces of the base body. Each second guide portion forms a guiding surface. The first moving member is fixed with the bottom board at one end away from the base. The second moving member is fixed with the base body at one end away from the base.

Abstract: A lathe includes a frame having a bed mounted on a top face of a base. A carriage includes a saddle movable relative to the frame along a rotational axis. A cross sliding board is movable relative to the saddle in a transverse direction perpendicular to the rotational axis. A cross feed screw received in the saddle is rotatable relative to the saddle about a first rotating axis to drive the cross sliding board to move in the transverse direction. A driven gear is mounted on the cross feed screw. The saddle further includes a servo motor having a driving shaft. A driving gear is mounted on the driving shaft. The driving gear is rotatable about a second rotating axis to drive the driven gear to rotate. The carriage includes a controller electrically connected to the servo motor to control rotation of the servo motor.

Abstract: A hand-held power tool is equipped with a dust extraction device which includes a dust box for holding dust. A closing flap is arranged in a tube section which lies in the flow path to the dust box, and this closing flap can be adjusted between the closed position and the open position. The closing flap is pivotably held in the region of the inner wall of the tube section and can be opened in the direction of the dust box. In the closed position, the closing flap bears against a stop which protrudes into the tube section, extends at an angle with respect to the direction of flow through the tube connection piece, and forms a stop line or stop area against which the closing flap correspondingly bears.

Abstract: In a method and a machine tool for machining metallic workpieces, a cooling device is provided to supply a cryogenic coolant to a first tool and a precooling device is provided to supply the cryogenic coolant to a second tool. The first tool is held in a first chuck and processes a workpiece, with the first tool during processing being cooled via the cryogenic coolant. The second tool is held in a second chuck and will subsequently be used for processing the workpiece. The second tool is supplied via the precooling device with the cryogenic coolant and thus cooled to the operating temperature required for processing. Due to the fact that the second tool is precooled to the required processing temperature, after the change of tools, the processing of the workpiece can be continued immediately. By precooling the second tool during the primary processing time, the total processing time of the workpiece is reduced, providing the machine tool with higher productivity.

Abstract: A method for cutting-out a multi-layer ophthalmic lens (100) following a desired contour (C3), includes: a step of pre-blanking the ophthalmic lens (100) using a preliminary tool (210; 223), according to a preliminary contour (C1, C1?); a step of blanking the ophthalmic lens (100) using a blanking wheel (210), following a blanking contour (C2, C3); and a step of finishing the ophthalmic lens (100) using a finishing tool (212). According to the invention, the preliminary contour (C1, C1?) is larger than the desired contour (C3), and the blanking wheel (210) used has a granulometry of between 0.1 and 0.5 mm and is controlled in relation to the ophthalmic lens (100) so as to apply a radial force of between 0.1 and 5 N to the ophthalmic lens (100) during the blanking step.

Abstract: A substrate polishing apparatus includes: a polishing table supporting a polishing pad; a top ring configured to press the substrate against the polishing pad; and a pad temperature regulator configured to regulate a surface temperature of the polishing pad. The pad temperature regulator includes a pad contact element and a liquid supply system configured to supply a temperature-controlled liquid to the pad contact element. The pad contact element has a space therein and a partition that divide the space into a first liquid passage and a second liquid passage that are connected in series. At least one baffle substantially perpendicular to a radial direction of the polishing table is provided in each of the first liquid passage and the second liquid passage.

Abstract: The polishing pad is suitable for polishing or planarizing at least one of semiconductor, optical and magnetic substrates. The polishing pad has a polishing surface, an opening through the polishing pad and a transparent window within the opening in the polishing pad. The transparent window has a concave surface with a depth that increases with use of the polishing pad. A signal region slopes downward into the central region for facilitating debris removal and a debris drainage groove extending through the central region into the polishing pad. Rotating the polishing pad with polishing fluid in the debris drainage groove sends debris from the central region into the polishing pad through the debris drainage groove.

Abstract: Methods and systems for evaluating and/or increasing CMP pad dresser performance are provided. In one aspect, for example, a method of identifying overly-aggressive superabrasive particles in a CMP pad dresser can include positioning a CMP pad dresser having a plurality of superabrasive particles on an indicator substrate such that at least a portion of the plurality of superabrasive particles of the CMP pad dresser contact the indicator substrate, and moving the CMP pad dresser across the indicator substrate in a first direction such that the portion of the plurality of superabrasive particles create a first marking pattern on the substrate, wherein the first marking pattern identifies a plurality of working superabrasive particles from among the plurality of superabrasive particles.

Abstract: A device for cleaning a fixed abrasive polishing pad includes a main body having a surface facing the polishing pad, an inlet coupled to an end of the main body and configured to supply a cleaning liquid, an inject orifice coupled to the inlet for injecting the cleaning liquid and being provided on the surface of the main body, an outlet coupled to the end of the main body, and a recycle orifice coupled to the outlet, and being provided on the surface of the main body.