Abstract: Embodiments herein relate to accessing a memory region including confidential information. A memory request from a process may be received. The memory request may include a process ID (PID) of the process, a requested memory address, and a requested access type. The memory request may be compared to a permission set associated with a memory region including the confidential information. Access to the memory region by the process may be controlled based on the comparison.

Abstract: One embodiment sets forth a method for guiding the order in which a parallel processing subsystem executes memory copies. A driver creates semaphores for all but the lowest priority included in a plurality of priorities and associates one priority with each copy hardware channel included in the parallel processing subsystem. The driver then aliases prioritized streams to the copy hardware channels based on the priorities. Upon receiving a request to execute a memory copy within one of the streams, the driver inserts commands into the aliased copy hardware channel. These commands use the semaphores to direct the parallel processing subsystem to execute the memory copy based on the priority of the copy hardware channel. Advantageously, by assigning priorities to streams and, subsequently, strategically requesting memory copies within the prioritized streams, an application developer may fine-tune their software application to increase the overall processing efficiency of the software application.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure use non-blocking writes (NBWs) to send high priority information (e.g., cache writebacks) on a designated channel that is separate from a channel used for other commands (e.g., normal memory write commands). By using NBWs and a designated channel to send cache writebacks, the cache writebacks will not be blocked by normal memory write commands. For example, an endpoint device may indicate that a TLP includes an NBW. Based on the indication, the root complex may send the NBWs on a dedicated NBW channel such that the NBW is not blocked by normal memory writes.

Abstract: A memory includes a buffer which retains data, a band conversion unit converts a band of an internal data bus that is used for data transfer between the band conversion unit and the buffer which retains data into a band wider than that of an external data bus that is used for data transfer between the band conversion unit and a memory controller, and an access control unit controls access to a memory cell using the buffer, during a wait time occurring in the internal data bus due to a difference between the band of the internal data bus and the band of the external data bus.

Abstract: Example embodiments disclosed herein relate to locking a system management interrupt (SMI) enable register of a chipset. Example embodiments include at least one contact configuration register to configure a contact of a chipset, and a contact SMI enable register of a chipset to store an enable value or a disable value. In example embodiments, the disable value stored in the contact SMI enable register is to prevent the chipset from providing an SMI request to a processor in response to an SMI signal received at the contact. Example embodiments further include locking the contact SMI enable register.

Abstract: A data storage apparatus includes a controller including a controller input/output unit suitable for receiving a ready/busy delay signal and generating a ready/busy output signal in response to a first control signal, and a memory chip including a memory input/output unit suitable for receiving a chip enable delay signal and generating a chip enable output signal in response to a second control signal. The ready/busy delay signal and the chip enable delay signal are transmitted through a substantially same transmission line.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a storage apparatus, and a system and a method for executing access operations. The apparatus includes an interleaved bus, N memory groups, and K direct-connect bus groups, where K is less than or equal to N; the interleaved bus includes M master interfaces and S slave interfaces, where M is less than or equal to S, and each master interface among the M master interfaces is configured to receive continuous-addresses access operations; each memory group among the N memory groups includes S memories respectively connected to the S slave interfaces, where the interleaved bus is configured to decode and send the continuous-addresses access operations to at least one memory group among the N memory groups in an interleaved manner; and a first direct-connect bus group among the K direct-connect bus groups receives and sends the discrete-addresses access operations to at least one memory group.

Abstract: A novel and useful apparatus for and method of a unified IO controller well suited for use in integrated wireless devices incorporating multiple functions. The unified IO controller is operative to provide a single host interface PHY/MAC that is shared among all functions on the controller. The invention provides an IO protocol handler comprising common and unified logic that provides IO access to any function on the device. The common and unified IO PHY interface logic is shared between multiple functions within the same device (e.g., WLAN, GPS, Bluetooth, etc.). This implementation provides optimized hardware partitioning in which common SDIO logic serves multiple functions thereby eliminating the need to provide a protocol handler for each function, reducing pin count, power consumption and die size, since the SDIO protocol handling is implemented in a shared module.

Abstract: An I/O control circuit, includes a mode setting unit configured to generate a first mode signal, a second mode signal, a third mode signal, and a fourth mode signal in accordance with one of a plurality of I/O option modes, a first control signal generation unit configured to generate a first mode determination signal and a first control signal enable signal in response to the first I/O option signal and the first mode signal, and a second control signal generation unit configured to generate a second control signal enable signal, a third control signal enable signal, and a fourth control signal enable signal in response to a second I/O option signal, the first mode determination signal, the second mode signal, the third mode signal, and the fourth mode signal.

Abstract: Various embodiments for implementing a method and apparatus for accessing multiple storage devices from multiple hosts without use of remote direct memory access (RDMA) as disclosed herein include: providing a data store switch fabric enabling data communications between a data storage access system and a plurality of compute nodes, each compute node having integrated compute capabilities, data storage, and a network interface controller (Host NIC); providing a plurality of physical data storage devices; providing a host bus adapter (HBA) in data communication with the plurality of physical data storage devices and the plurality of compute nodes via the data store switch fabric, the HBA including at least one submission queue and a corresponding shadow queue; receiving an input/output (I/O) request from the plurality of compute nodes; including an element of the I/O request to the at least one submission queue; and including additional information related to the element of the at least one submission queue to

Abstract: A generic and multi-role controller structure for data and communication exchanges is disclosed. In one aspect, the structure assumes the form of a single component and includes a capability forming a generic data and communication exchange controller, associated with at least: a capability forming a data storage/exchange buffer, a capability forming multiple connection interfaces to several data production/consumption units, one connection interface being associated with one data production/consumption unit, a capability forming multiple connection interfaces with several external data communication buses, and one connection interface being associated with one external data communication bus.

Abstract: Articles of manufacture, apparatuses, and methods for processing communication data in a ships passing condition are disclosed. Embodiments include a computer program product for performing a method including: obtaining a Transport Command Control Block (TCCB) from a location in memory specified by a Transport Command Control Block address of a Transport Control Word; opening a first exchange and sending, by a channel subsystem, the TCCB in the first exchange to a control unit; receiving, by the channel subsystem, an unsolicited first message in a second exchange from the control unit, the unsolicited first message opening the second exchange, the second exchange being a different exchange than the first exchange; and sending, by the channel subsystem, a second message to the control unit in a third exchange, the second message comprising a status of the first message, the second message configured to open and close the third exchange.

Abstract: The present invention provides a wireless communication device and a method for manufacturing a wireless communication device. The wireless communication device includes: an antenna; a main board, including a ground part, where the ground part is connected to the antenna; at least one matching network, connected to the ground part; a USB connector, including a shell and at least one first pin extending from the shell, where the at least one first pin is connected to the at least one matching network, and at least one first pin is one-to-one corresponding to at least one matching network. According to the present invention, a matching network may be connected between a pin of the USB connector of the wireless communication device and the ground part of the main board, and is configured to control wireless performance of an antenna radiation system of the wireless communication device.

Abstract: A Universal Serial Bus (USB) controller includes a USB transceiver to detect a high-speed (HS) disconnect between the USB controller and a device connected to it. The USB transceiver includes a reference-voltage generation circuit, a HS current driver, first and second comparators, and a multiplexer. The reference-voltage generation circuit generates HS disconnect and transmitter reference-voltage signals that have a constant voltage difference. The first comparator receives DP and DM signals that correspond to a HS Start of Frame (SOF) packet during HS disconnect detection, and generates a control voltage. The multiplexer outputs at least one of the DP and DM signals based on the logic state of the control voltage. The second comparator receives the selected signal and the HS disconnect reference-voltage signal, and outputs a HS disconnect output voltage signal when the selected signal is greater than the HS disconnect reference-voltage signal.

Abstract: Embodiments relate to an enhancement of a function measurement block. An aspect includes obtaining common statistics from a function table. An aspect includes obtaining adapter-specific statistics from an adapter. An aspect includes providing the common statistics and the adapter-specific statistics in the function measurement block. An aspect includes providing adapter-specific counters in the function measurement block.

Abstract: In some embodiments a method of addressing advanced memory buffers identifies whether a dual inline memory module includes more than one advanced memory buffer. If the dual inline memory module includes more than one advanced memory buffer, then each of the advanced memory buffers of the dual inline memory module is addressed separately, and an address is computed for a next dual inline memory module. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Abstract: A data processing apparatus and method for performing speculative vector access operations are provided. The data processing apparatus has a reconfigurable buffer accessible to vector data access circuitry and comprising a storage array for storing up to M vectors of N vectors elements. The vector data access circuitry performs speculative data write operations in order to cause vector elements from selected vector operands in a vector register bank to be stored into the reconfigurable buffer. On occurrence of a commit condition, the vector elements currently stored in the reconfigurable buffer are then written to a data store. Speculation control circuitry maintains a speculation width indication indicating the number of vector elements of each selected vector operand stored in the reconfigurable buffer.

Abstract: A general purpose PicoEngine Multi-Processor (PEMP) includes a hierarchically organized pool of small specialized picoengine processors and associated memories. A stream of data input values is received onto the PEMP. Each input data value is characterized, and from the characterization a task is determined. Picoengines are selected in a sequence. When the next picoengine in the sequence is available, it is then given the input data value along with an associated task assignment. The picoengine then performs the task. An output picoengine selector selects picoengines in the same sequence. If the next picoengine indicates that it has completed its assigned task, then the output value from the selected picoengine is output from the PEMP. By changing the sequence used, more or less of the processing power and memory resources of the pool is brought to bear on the incoming data stream. The PEMP automatically disables unused picoengines and memories.

Abstract: A method for determining a size or shape related parameter of an effective observation volume for an observation technique for particles undergoing at least partially stochastic motion in a dispersion is based on a time-series of observations. The method involves determining one or more time-dependent characteristics of the dispersion or its particles based on the time-series of observations, determining at least one stochastic motion-related parameter representative for the at least partially stochastic motion of at least one particle in the dispersion, and determining a size or shape related parameter of the effective observation volume by modeling of the at least partially stochastic motion of the particle movement in the dispersion, the modeling taking into account the at least one stochastic motion-related parameter and the determined one or more characteristics.

Abstract: In a clinical laboratory, the degree of contamination of an automatic analyzer may constantly change due, for instance, to the operation of the automatic analyzer and newly added examinations, and there is a risk of failure to adequately maintain the performance of the automatic analyzer by performing calibration at conventional intervals. Meanwhile, the result of quality control varies depending on the performance of an unsealed reagent. Hence, performing calibration at predetermined intervals may fail to flexibly calibrate the reagent when the performance of the reagent is changed by reagent replenishment or by contamination. Provided is a quality control method for issuing a warning to indicate an optimum calibration method and calibration intervals in accordance with the contents of a quality control screen and with the pattern of variation in the result of calibration.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, a matrix operation apparatus executing a matrix operation includes multiple nodes, the nodes including: a multiplier configured to perform a first operation for a first input, which is column data and a second input which is row data for the matrix operation and output element components of an operation result of the matrix operation; and an accumulator configured to perform cumulative addition of operation results of the multiplier.

Abstract: A method for scaling including: obtaining an electronic document (ED) identifying a graphical feature; partitioning the ED into multiple tiles including a first tile and a second tile, where the graphical feature spans the first tile and the second tile; partitioning the graphical feature into a first fragment located solely within the first tile and a second fragment located solely within the second tile; adding the first fragment to a first display sub-list corresponding to the first tile; adding the second fragment to a second display sub-list corresponding to the second tile; receiving a first request to scale the ED specifying a resolution and a first region intersecting a subset of the plurality of tiles including the first tile but excluding the second tile; and generating, in response to the first request, a first scaled ED for the display device by rendering only the first display sub-list the resolution.

Abstract: A digital magazine server creates a section of a digital magazine including content items based on a page template describing the relative positioning and sizing of content items. A page template may include display regions specifying the size of content items as a percentage of a display area. Additionally, a display region in a page template may specify use of a sub-template for presenting content items. The sub-template includes display regions specifying the relative positioning of content items presented in the display region specifying use of the sub-template. To generate the section of the digital magazine, various page templates are scored and a page template is selected based on the scoring. One or more diversity policies may be enforced when selecting the page template to improve user interaction with the digital magazine.

Abstract: A method and system to provide fonts for electronic publications is described. An example method includes receiving a request for an electronic publication from a user device, retrieving a font identifier of a font from the electronic publication, providing the electronic publication to the user device, determining, based on the font identifier, that at least one font file of the font is not stored on the user device, and providing the at least one font file of the font to the user device.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus includes an extraction unit configured to scan document data in a direction from a first page to a last page to extract a first page range required for reducing one page and to scan the document data from the last page in the first page range in a direction opposite to the direction of scanning the first page range to extract a second page range required for reducing one page, and a page reduction unit configured to execute page reduction processing by reducing a blank region included in a page in the second page range if a number of pages included in the second page range is smaller than a number of pages included in the first page range.

Abstract: Methods and devices for adding hyperlink to text are disclosed: generating hyperlink word list and characteristic word list in advance, determining co-occurrence frequency with each hyperlink word; to each text X which to be added the hyperlink, word segmentation processing them respectively, extracting the hyperlink word occurred in the hyperlink word list and the characteristic word occurred in the characteristic word list from results of word segmentation, determining weights of each extracted hyperlink word and extracted characteristic word, getting final weights of each extracted hypertext link word according to the co-occurrence frequency of each extracted characteristic word and each extracted hyperlink word and the weights; descendingly sorting each extracted hyperlink word according to the final weights, adding hyperlink to first k hyperlink words, and K is positive integer. Applying the solution, it can improve the relativity of the added hyperlink and the text, and it is easy to implement.

Abstract: The present invention describes a method and apparatus for the implementation of a real-time, sharable web browsing experience on a host device, utilizing the transfer of URL and form data information. The present invention further describes a method for establishing a synchronized browsing session, comprising sending a request to establish the synchronized browsing session to a synchronization server, receiving a confirmation message from the synchronization server including a session identifier associated with the established synchronized browsing session, and sending an invitation to an invitee to join the synchronized browsing session, wherein the invitation includes the session identifier. The present invention further describes a method for implementing a synchronized browsing session, comprising recording a shared web browsing interaction, and transmitting information related to the shared web browsing interaction to a synchronization server.

Abstract: Technologies are described herein for optimizing page output by performing run-time reordering of the content of a page. A request for a content page is received from a client application. A page layout corresponding to the requested content page is transmitted to the client application. The page layout contains a number of placeholder elements corresponding to the content sections of the content page arranged in a particular layout. Upon receiving the page layout, the client application renders the content page to the display with the placeholder elements occupying the positions of the content sections. The content sections corresponding to the placeholder elements are generated and transmitted to the client application in an order independent of the order of rendering of the content sections. As the client application receives each content section, the corresponding placeholder element in the page layout is replaced with the content section.

Abstract: A computer implemented method and apparatus for extracting localizable content from an article. The method comprises accessing a page content tree comprising a plurality of nodes; generating a set of all properties for each node in the plurality of nodes of the page content tree; accessing a localization tree comprising a global set of localizable properties of nodes; generating a set of localizable properties from the localization tree for nodes that match nodes of the page content tree; performing an intersection of the set of all properties for each node of the page content tree and the set of localizable properties; and extracting a value for each property in the intersection.

Abstract: Methods for formatting a hierarchical data structure having structural elements (“HDS”) are provided. A branch in a directed acyclic graph is spawned. The graph includes a root node and a plurality of sub-nodes respectively corresponding to master and edited versions of the HDS, respectively. An edited version of the HDS is associated with a secondary instance of the HDS, and a change set corresponding thereto. The change set includes user edits. In the method first and second change sets are obtained and, responsive to a user selection, portions thereof are merged to produce a third change set. An additional secondary instance of the HDS is generated by applying the third change set to structural elements included in the master instance of the HDS. The additional secondary instance of the HDS is associated with an edited version of the HDS which, in turn, is associated with a sub-node in the graph.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus of generating document content are disclosed. Document content is generated by identifying a location in a document at which to insert content, the location associated with a content template, generating the content in accordance with the content template and application data generated by an application, and inserting the content into the document at the location in the document. The document content generation can further include retrieving application data from the application in accordance with a data mapping that maps application output data to the application data references in the template, where generating the content comprises generating text by replacing application data references in the template with the application data in accordance with the data mapping. The document content generation can further include retrieving one or more instances of previous application data from a historical record of previous application output.

Abstract: System and process for handling clips with annotations. A user annotates a document that is displayed in an access session. Information is gathered regarding the annotation, which is associated with active content included in the document. The annotation is stored with a static image of the active content. A link to the content is stored. An image is rendered that has a clip including the stored annotation and the image of the content, and is displayed.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein are directed to an annotation system having a remote processor, and a client processor in data communication with the remote processor. The client processor is adapted to send a first request for an electronic file to the remote processor, receive the electronic file from the remote processor, define at least one new annotation about the electronic file, and define at least one anchor associated with the at least one annotation. The at least one of the remote processor and the client processor is adapted to store the at least one anchor and the at least one annotation in an annotation file that is separate from the electronic file.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention disclose a method, computer program product, and system for generating a plan for document processing. A plurality of electronic documents are received from a data store. The plurality of electronic documents are analyzed. Textual data within the identified tabular data are identified, by performing a first natural language search of the analyzed plurality of electronic documents. Textual hints are generated, where the generated textual hints are mapped to a lookup set. References are identified, and a count of identified references are determined. A priority score is calculating based on the count of identified references. In response to receiving a priority score modifying value, a modified priority score is calculated. Ingestion plans are generated based on the modified priority score. Generated ingestion plans are communicated by the computer using the network.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for managing data in a grid. In one example approach, a method comprises importing data from a data source to a range of cells in a grid, where the range of cells is specified by a notation input associated with the grid, and where the notation input includes a key specifying the data source and security information associated with the data source.

Abstract: According to one embodiment of the present invention, methods, systems and computer-readable media of accessing data within a spreadsheet are provided. A set of attributes is assigned to each worksheet of a plurality of worksheets within the spreadsheet. One or more worksheets may be identified by comparing the set of attributes for each worksheet to one or more attributes specified within a request for data, and the identified worksheets may be displayed.

Abstract: According to one embodiment of the present invention, methods, systems and computer-readable media of accessing data within a spreadsheet are provided. A set of attributes is assigned to each worksheet of a plurality of worksheets within the spreadsheet. One or more worksheets may be identified by comparing the set of attributes for each worksheet to one or more attributes specified within a request for data, and the identified worksheets may be displayed.

Abstract: A system is configured to receive a first string corresponding to an interpretation of a natural-language user voice entry; provide a representation of the first string as feedback to the natural-language user voice entry; receive, based on the feedback, a second string corresponding to a natural-language corrective user entry, where the natural-language corrective user entry may correspond to a correction to the natural-language user voice entry; parse the second string into one or more tokens; determine at least one corrective instruction from the one or more tokens of the second string; generate, from at least a portion of each of the first and second strings and based on the at least one corrective instruction, candidate corrected user entries; select a corrected user entry from the candidate corrected user entries; and output the selected, corrected user entry.

Abstract: A document analysis system analyzes a corpus of documents and automatically generates a dictionary of specialized phrases not already in conventional dictionaries. The dictionary generation process involves a series of operations on the phrases to identify the phrases most suitable for inclusion in a dictionary, such as phrase scoring and phrase clustering. The dictionary generation process also comprises the identification of one or more corresponding definitions for the various phrases identified for inclusion in the specialized dictionary.

Abstract: Techniques that enable a user to select, from among multiple languages, a language to be used for performing text-to-speech conversion. In some embodiments, upon determining that multiple languages may be used to perform text-to-speech conversion for a portion of text, the multiple languages may be displayed to the user. The user may then select a particular language to be used from the multiple languages. The portion of text may then be converted to speech in the user-selected language.

Abstract: A method for generating training data for disambiguation of an entity comprising a word or word string related to a topic to be analyzed includes acquiring sent messages by a user, each including at least one entity in a set of entities; organizing the messages and acquiring sets, each containing messages sent by each user; identifying a set of messages including different entities, greater than or equal to a first threshold value, and identifying a user corresponding to the identified set as a hot user; receiving an instruction indicating an object entity to be disambiguated; determining a likelihood of co-occurrence of each keyword and the object entity in sets of messages sent by hot users; and determining training data for the object entity on the basis of the likelihood of co-occurrence of each keyword and the object entity in the sets of messages sent by the hot users.

Abstract: A method, system, and computer program product for extracting text motifs from the electronic documents is disclosed. A user provides a largest-maximal repeat or a super-maximal repeat as a first text block. The occurrences of the first text block are detected to identify the second text blocks in the vicinity of the occurrences of the first text block on the basis of pre-defined parameters. The text motifs are determined by combining the first text block and the second text block. Finally, the text motifs are extracted from the electronic documents.

Abstract: A method and system for managing semantic and syntactic metadata. Heterogeneous data is received. After the heterogeneous data is received, the semantic metadata associated with the received heterogeneous data is captured and syntactic metadata associated with the received heterogeneous data is captured. The semantic metadata describes contextually relevant or domain-specific information about data based on an industry-specific or enterprise-specific metadata model or ontology. The syntactic metadata included grammatical rules and structural patterns governing an ordered use of formats and arrangement pertaining to specified data. The received heterogeneous data and said captured semantic metadata and said syntactic metadata are logically linked. The heterogeneous data is stored in a repository.

Abstract: An approach provides context-specific language translation services for electronic documents using templates. As used herein, the term “template” refers to a context-specific set of keywords that includes at least a first set of keywords in a first language and a corresponding second set of keywords in a second language that is different than the first language. As used herein, the term “language” refers to a human language and the term “keyword” refers to one or more words or phrases of any length. The context-specific set of keywords may include additional sets of keywords in other languages that correspond to the first and second sets of keywords. A language translation service uses the templates to translate electronic documents. The language translation service also provides capabilities for managing templates and a translation review capability for reviewing translated documents to identify errors. Templates can then be edited to address the translation errors.

Abstract: In accordance with a first aspect of the invention, there is provided a method comprising receiving an input as part of a translation request from a requestor, performing a first translation of the input; wherein the first translation is a machine translation, returning the first translation to the requestor; and based on feedback on the first translation from the requestor performing the following (a) fragmenting the input into multiple translation jobs, (b) distributing the multiple translation jobs to a plurality of human translators; (c) generating a second translation of the input based on translations of the multiple jobs by the human translators; and (d) returning the second translation to the requestor.

Abstract: A method of tagging a geographical area includes obtaining, with a processing device, attribute information and mobile tracking data of a plurality of mobile objects, wherein the mobile tracking data comprises sampling time and corresponding sampling point locations of the mobile objects; converting the mobile tracking data of the plurality of mobile objects into new mobile tracking data according to the correspondence relationship between the sampling time and a time slices, wherein the new mobile tracking data include time slices and corresponding sampling point locations; and obtaining a set of attribute information of at least one geographical area with respect to the time slices based on the new mobile tracking data, wherein the at least one geographical area is obtained by clustering the sampling point locations.

Abstract: A method of tagging a geographical area includes obtaining, with a processing device, attribute information and mobile tracking data of a plurality of mobile objects, wherein the mobile tracking data comprises sampling time and corresponding sampling point locations of the mobile objects; converting the mobile tracking data of the plurality of mobile objects into new mobile tracking data according to the correspondence relationship between the sampling time and a time slices, wherein the new mobile tracking data include time slices and corresponding sampling point locations; and obtaining a set of attribute information of at least one geographical area with respect to the time slices based on the new mobile tracking data, wherein the at least one geographical area is obtained by clustering the sampling point locations.

Abstract: Techniques for optimizing disk access are disclosed. In one particular exemplary embodiment, the techniques may be realized as a system for optimizing disk access comprising a module for reading files in a filesystem, the files comprising one or more file fragments, a module for determining a relative location of the one or more file fragments on a disk, a module for sorting an index of the one or more file fragments on the disk in one or more fragment tables according to the relative location of the one or more file fragments on the disk, a module for reading the one or more file fragments from the disk, a module for assembling one or more of the files from the one or more file fragments.

Abstract: A document navigation tool that automatically navigates a document based on previous input from the user. The document navigation tool is utilized each time a page loads. The method recognizes user behavior on pages using patterns, which are based on four criterion: location, frequency, consistency, and scope. If the user has visited the page previously and has established a pattern, the method automatically focuses on the portion of the page indicated by the pattern, e.g. the location on a web page of the link clicked by the user in the user's last three visits to the page. If the user has not visited the page previously, the method logs the events that occur during this visit to the page.

Abstract: Mechanisms are provided for ensuring access to long-term stored electronic documents. In one example, one or more methods may provide for automatically ensuring access to long-term stored electronic documents. In another example, one or more algorithms may provide for automatically ensuring access to long-term stored electronic documents.