Abstract: This disclosure is directed to systems and methods for aircraft collision avoidance with speed-based collision alert time thresholds. In one example, a system is configured to determine predicted trajectories for an own aircraft and a target aircraft. The system is further configured to determine whether a violation of protected airspace is predicted between the own aircraft and the target aircraft. The system is further configured to determine whether a predicted time to closest approach between the own aircraft and the target aircraft is less than an alert threshold time based on a speed of the own aircraft. The system is further configured to generate an alert output, in response to determining that a violation of protected airspace is predicted and that the predicted time to closest approach between the own aircraft and the target aircraft is less than the alert threshold time based on the speed of the own aircraft.

Abstract: A motor vehicle includes at least two cameras spaced apart from each other at least in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle for detecting the environment of the motor vehicle, at least one processing device and at least one display device, wherein the processing device is configured to generate at least one target image from the camera data of the at least two cameras, wherein the target image includes two image regions arranged next to each other, wherein the content of the first image region is determined from the image data of the first camera and the content of the second image region is determined from the image data of the second camera, and wherein the processing device is configured to control the display device to output the target image.

Abstract: The need for an O ring cover is eliminated when a gap between a shaft portion of a mover for mirror surface angle detection and a hole in a sensor case is sealed using an O ring. An O ring that allows a shaft portion of a slide block to be inserted therethrough is interposed between a sensor case and an actuator housing. The sensor case and the actuator housing are interconnected by means of screw-fastening via screws, and the O ring is brought into pressure contact with and held between the sensor case and the actuator housing by means of the screw fastening forces.

Abstract: A mirror mount that mounts a mirror to a vehicle fender. The mount can include a base that faces a vehicle fender exterior without extending upwardly and under a hood of the vehicle. A support arm extends from the base and includes a distal end that joins with a mirror. One or more pillars extend away from the base. The pillars can be sized and shaped to extend through holes in the fender to a frame member of the vehicle disposed inwardly relative to the fender. The pillars are associated with a fastener to join with the frame member so that weight of the mirror, the base, the support arm and/or the pillars are substantially born by the frame member. This can reduce transmission of vibration inherent in the fender to the mirror, and/or can rigidly and structurally connect the mirror to the frame member, rather than the fender.

Abstract: A method of forming a mirror reflector sub-assembly suitable for use in an exterior rearview mirror assembly of a vehicle includes providing a glass substrate and physically removing glass from a portion of a second surface of the glass substrate to form a curved recess locally thereat, and coating via a vacuum deposition process the second surface of the glass substrate with a mirror reflector to form a mirror reflective element suitable for use in an automotive exterior rearview mirror assembly. The method includes forming a mirror back plate in a plastic molding operation and providing a heater pad and disposing the heater pad between the coated second surface of the glass substrate and the first side of the mirror back plate. The heater pad is adhered to the coated second surface of glass substrate and to the first side of the mirror back plate.

Abstract: Provided is a display room mirror, including a room mirror disposed in an inner part of a vehicle to detect a rear situation of the vehicle; and an organic light emitting diode (OLED) panel formed in a part or an entire part of a front surface of the room mirror, thereby improving a contrast and a reaction velocity and reducing a thickness and a weight of the room mirror.

Abstract: A hitch accessory system is provided. The system includes a crossbar having a perpendicular bar and parallel bar. The system further includes a crossbar insert capable of supporting at least one accessory. The perpendicular bar is capable of receiving and supporting the crossbar insert. The parallel bar is adapted to engage a hitch.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a tank holder system that does not substantially restrict alternative uses of truck bed space when the tank holder system is not in use. The tank holder system includes a tank holder and a base, which receives the tank holder and secures the tank holder during transportation. The tank holder includes an arcuate cradle formed to accept cylindrically-shaped tanks and fasteners that secure such tanks in the arcuate cradle. When the tank holder is not in use, it can be removed from the base. The base remains attached to the truck bed. This allows the space in the truck bed to be used for alternative purposes when the tank holder is disengaged from the base, while allowing the tank holder to be quickly and easily re-engaged to the base.

Abstract: A pickup truck toolbox can be mounted to the bed side rails by feet rather than arms and may sit above the side rails and the bed volume, thus allowing use of the full volume of the bed between the side rails and the floor of the bed. It may have a rear view tunnel through it, whereby the driver may use normally the rear view mirror, and may have a Liddy light valley across the top, whereby the brake light will remain visible. The profile may match or sit within the profile of the cab of the truck, a fairing may be employed to improve fuel efficiency, and side-mounted vertical hatches may allow both easy access and the use of shelving.

Abstract: A system and method for securing elastic rubber bungee cords under tension, thereby preventing tangles, having compression, expansion, and gas springs or pistons to apply a tension force to the straps that are wrapped around the rack. The rack allows for a few dozen straps to be secured and released from the rack concurrently.

Abstract: A magnetic fastener clip includes a cup having at least one injection hole, an overmold attached to the cup and a magnet is attached to the overmold. The overmold has: a cup cover attached to an outside portion of the cup, and an inner ring attached to an inside portion of the cup. The inner ring is attached to the cup cover via the at least one injection hole. The magnet operably attaches into the inner ring. According to one embodiment, the cup cover and the inner ring are injection molded over at least one part of the cup. An optional coupler for attachment to a body panel is attached to the cup cover and is operative to flex. The magnetic fastener clip adapts to different surface curvatures and thicknesses. The magnetic fastener clip is operative for blind attachment into a structure, such as a vehicle chassis.

Abstract: Implementations of the present disclosure involve an apparatus and/or method for a modular communication system for use in a tractor trailer to monitor and/or control various components associated within the trailer. In one particular embodiment, the communication system includes encryption/decryption controller boards configured to encrypt/encode messages or signals received at the boards for transmission along a transmission media between the front controller board and rear controller board. Further, one or both of the controller boards may be configured to decrypt/decode messages or signals received at the boards from the other controller board and perform a function in response to the decrypted message. The communication system may also integrate and communicate with several modules within or associated with the trailer, such as sensors, locators, or communication mechanisms.

Abstract: An automotive instrument specifying unit of an automotive instrument operating device specifies a group of automotive instruments on the basis of the direction of gaze of an occupant detected by a gaze direction detector, and specifies one automotive instrument from among the specified group of automotive instruments on the basis of the up/down direction selected by up/down direction selecting unit when the up/down direction selecting unit has been operated in a state in which the group of automotive instruments has been specified.

Abstract: There are provided an outside crash can provided on an outward side of an inside crash can, extending obliquely forward and outward from a front-end side middle portion of the front side frame and connecting to an outward end portion of a bumper reinforcement and a second set plate connecting the inside crash can and the outside crash can to the front side frame. The second set plate includes a middle wall extending longitudinally, a front end wall extending inward from a front end of the middle wall, and a rear end wall extending outward from a rear end of the middle wall, a rear end-side portion of the inside crash can is connected to the front and rear end walls, and a rear-end side portion of the outside crash can is connected to the middle and rear end walls.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing one or more protective panel for a vehicle that comprises affixing plastic sheeting to a vehicle surface; magnetically coupling at least one magnet strip over the plastic to the surface; spraying a heated mixture of thermoplastic polyurethane and polyurea on the sheeting over the at least one magnet; drying the mixture into a body; cutting at least one panel from the body. The panels are cut according the shape of the surface area to protect, after which the plastic is removed from the cut panel shapes.

Abstract: A grille assembly of a vehicle is provided herein and includes at least one grille bar. A first photoluminescent structure is provided at a first location of the at least one grille bar and is configured to luminesce when excited by light emitted from a light source. A second photoluminescent structure is provided at a second location of the at least one grille bar and is configured to luminesce when excited by light emitted from the first photoluminescent structure.

Abstract: A vehicle speed monitoring system and method is provided that determines a speed threshold based on provided inputs from various vehicle systems and measures the speed threshold against the current driving speed. In the event the threshold speed is exceeded, the system notifies the driver and/or makes a recommendation depending on the present driving conditions.

Abstract: The present invention discloses embodiments of an apparatus, system and related method for diagnosing initiators in air bag systems. An embodiment of the system comprises a diagnostic circuit electrically connected between acceleration switches and one or more squib, that is user-activated via a momentary switch, and with user-feedback, wherein a user can diagnose the health of the one or more squib with no power drain while inactive. An embodiment of a method related to the system comprises activating a momentary switch, completing a circuit whereby a diagnostic circuit may function, indicating to the user that the diagnostic circuit is functioning, regulating the current into the diagnostic circuit so that the squib does not fire, boosting the signal to a window comparator, detecting the desired voltage by the window comparator, giving feedback to the user that the voltage is good, too high, or too low.

Abstract: An occupant protection device for protecting an occupant in frontal and oblique crashes. The occupant protection device operates an airbag and switches a load limiting restraint load of the seat belt between a first load limit value and a second lower load limit value. A switching unit switches the restraint load based upon the physique of the occupant, and lateral acceleration or movement of the occupant during an impact. The second load value is set for a small physique occupant. The load value is switched from the first to the second load value after a predetermined time if the lateral acceleration or occupant movement falls below predetermined levels. For a large physique occupant with lateral acceleration or movement exceeding predetermined levels, the load limiter does not switch to the second load value after the predetermined time.

Abstract: A capacitance type occupant sensor includes an electrostatic sensing unit, a reference electrode, a voltage applying portion, a current sensing portion, a capacitance calculating portion, and a discriminating portion. The reference electrode is applied with a reference potential. The electrostatic sensing unit is disposed in a vehicle seat, and includes a main electrode, a guard electrode and a noise electrode. The guard electrode is disposed adjacent to a lower side of the main electrode and applied with the reference potential. The noise electrode is disposed adjacent to a lower side of the guard electrode. The voltage applying portion applies a detection voltage to the main electrode and the noise electrode. The current sensing portion senses a main current of the main electrode, and a noise current of the noise electrode. The capacitance calculating portion calculates a first capacitance based on the detection voltage, the main current, and the noise current.

Abstract: An airbag system for a vehicle includes an inflator and an airbag defining an inflation chamber in communication with the inflator. The airbag includes a first extension and a second extension spaced from each other and each in communication with the inflation chamber. The first extension and the second extension are each selectively inflatable from an undeployed position to a deployed position. A controller is programmed to provide instructions to release one or both of the first and second extensions to the deployed position in response at least to a detected direction of an impact of the vehicle.

Abstract: In a driver seat airbag apparatus, an airbag includes a belt member and a vent mechanism. The belt member includes two connecting sections extending from opposite sides of a cover portion for covering a vent hole. The vent mechanism includes an outer panel that has a vent hole and is located outside of the cover portion, an inner panel that has an inner opening and is located on an inner side of the cover portion, and a guide. The connecting sections run through the guide and move toward the vent hole for letting the cover portion open the vent hole. The guide holds the connecting sections such that the connecting sections serve as the tethers. A joint of the tethers to the driver side wall is located toward a center of the driver side wall relative to the vent hole as viewed from a side of the driver side wall.

Abstract: An active bolster for an automotive vehicle includes a bladder that inflates an interior trim area of the vehicle to provide a cushion to an occupant during an impact. The bladder has a first wall and a second wall cooperatively defining an interior cavity. The bladder has a two stage vent for venting inflation gas supplied into the cavity during an impact event. The vent has a first aperture defining a first predetermined flow area when a pressure difference across the vent is substantially zero. A bendable member defines at least in part the first aperture. A weakened seam joins the bendable member to an adjacent feature of the bladder. When there is a predetermined pressure difference across the vent, the weakened seam is ruptured and the bendable member deflects to a second position defining a second flow area greater than the first flow area.

Abstract: A web position and attenuation apparatus includes an elongated body extending in a longitudinal direction between opposite ends thereof, a bracket mounted to one of the opposite ends of the elongated body and configured to be affixed to a frame of a movable vehicle, a web coupling member slidably received on the elongated body and positionable along the elongated body. The web coupling member defines a first web slot, and a flexible web extends through the first web slot. The elongated body attenuates forces applied by the flexible web to the web coupling member in non-parallel directions relative to the longitudinal direction by elastically deforming in the non-parallel directions.

Abstract: The fastened seatbelts cutting device for transport vehicle, especially automotive vehicles, featuring bushing-shaped housing with an explosive charge or a gas generator inside, the charge and generator connected with a system activating the belt cutting drive, also featuring a cutting knife and a slot for this knife or blade and a slot to house the belt being cut, has a pusher (6) located between the gas generator (4), chamber (3), and the cutting segment (7), sealed with respect to the working chamber (8) in the guide chamber (5), and the blade (9) cutting edge (21) is one of the sides of triangle connected with the blade (9) body seated in the cutting segment (7).

Abstract: An assembly for a belt retractor includes a vehicle-sensitive sensor and a holding fixture (10) for the sensor. The sensor and the holding fixture (10) have geometric designs that interact and are adjusted to each other so that the sensor can be mounted at various spatial orientations in the holding fixture (10). In a belt retractor for a vehicle seat belt comprising such assembly the holding fixture (10) is coupled with the sensor at a fixed position to the frame of the belt retractor in which a belt reel of the belt retractor is rotatably supported.

Abstract: An off-road vehicle equipped with a driver's seat; a seat belt apparatus provided for the driver's seat; a seat belt detecting device for detecting the set state of the seat belt apparatus provided for the driver's seat; and a controller for controlling the off-road vehicle. The controller has a rotation speed control mode for controlling the rotation speed of the engine to a predetermined rotation speed or less, and the controller releases the rotation speed control mode when the seat belt detecting device detects the set state of the seat belt apparatus provided for the driver's seat.

Abstract: A vehicle system for activating at least one vehicle component to provide access to a vehicle. A first receiver is operative to obtain a wireless signal at least comprising first identification data of an electronic device; a memory device storing at least second identification data; at least a second receiver being operative to check the presence of a matching vehicle access key, and the at least second receiver being operative to check the presence of a matching vehicle access key if the first identification data match the at least second identification data.

Abstract: Disclosed is a security and alarm system. When sensors detect something of note, they alert a master unit which in turn captures pertinent information (e.g., an image or sound) and sends the alert and the captured information. The recipient of the alert (for example, an owner of the system or a security service) evaluates the information and takes appropriate action such as alerting a local police department. Some embodiments offer two-way service: In addition to delivering alerts, the system responds to alerts from an authorized user requesting current information. Two-way communications allow some embodiments to deliver “Breach of Peace” alerts to users. In one scenario, a public security service sends out a warning within a geographical area that the peace has been breached. The system receives the warning and alerts its user to the situation. The user can then take appropriate action.

Abstract: A system and method for providing access to a vehicle operation includes a first user-input interface, a second user-input interface, and a vehicle controller. The first user-input interface is configured to interact with a user via a swipe-up input. The second user-input interface is configured to interact with the user via an application independent of the swipe-up input. The vehicle controller is configured to control the vehicle operation in response to detecting a first swipe-type user-input via the first user-input interface and a second user-input via the second user-input interface within a predetermined time.

Abstract: A number of techniques are disclosed for making it more convenient and efficient for customers to conduct various rental vehicle transactions. As an example, a technique for performing an automated pickup of a rental vehicle using a mobile device is disclosed. As another example, a technique for performing an automated return administration of a rental vehicle using a mobile device is disclosed. As another example, a technique for permitting customer to select a particular rental vehicle for a rental vehicle transaction using a mobile device is disclosed. Also disclosed is a technique for permitting a customer to keylessly start a rental vehicle using a machine-sensible item such as his/her mobile device without requiring the customer to possess a smart key.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided. One method is for providing access to a vehicle. The method includes sending, by a server, an access code for the vehicle to a portable device. The access code is configured to be transferred by the portable device to the vehicle. Then, receiving, by the server, data from the portable device that is indicative that the portable device is located outside of the vehicle or proximate thereto. Sending, by the server, validation to the vehicle that the access code received by the vehicle was sent to the portable device, and then the vehicle is configured to send an electronic key to the portable device upon receiving the validation. The electronic key is associated with at least one privilege associated with use of the vehicle, and the at least one privilege is defined based on the access code.

Abstract: The invention relates to a windshield wiper blade for a vehicle, particularly an automobile, comprising a scraper blade (1), a body (2) to which said scraper blade (1) is attached, and a spoiler (3) extending from said body and having an aerodynamic profile between a leading edge and a trailing edge, the boundary of the wiper blade between the body (2) and the spoiler (3) being defined by a horizontal surface extending through the leading edge of said profile, characterized in that said spoiler extends horizontally in the downstream direction beyond an optionally abstract portion defined so as to constitute the mirror image, relative to a vertical plane extending through a lower end of the scraper blade (1), of the portion of the body that is located upstream of said same vertical plane.

Abstract: The invention relates to a wiper blade adapter device having a wiper arm adapter (10) and a wiper blade adapter (12). The wiper blade adapter device comprises a pivot bearing unit (14) which is provided to rotatably mount the wiper arm adapter (10) and the wiper blade adapter (12) in an assembly process relative to each other around a longitudinal axis (16) of the wiper blade adapter (12).

Abstract: A wiper blade assembly for a windshield wiper. In one embodiment, the wiper blade assembly includes a connector mounted on a blade support element. The connector has a receiving portion shaped to receive a first part of the end portion of a wiper arm and further has a securing portion shaped to secure a second part of the end portion of the wiper arm.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for washing a motor vehicle wind shield (10) using a washing device (1) comprising reservoirs (2, 3) of first and second fluids, a channel (5) connecting the reservoirs (2, 3) to orifices (15) for ejecting the fluids onto the wind shield, at least one pump (20) intended to circulate the fluids in the channel (5), and at least one wiper blade (30), characterized in that, when the channel contains the first fluid, the method comprises the following steps: a) activating the pump system (20) so as to cause the second fluid to circulate in the channel system (5) so as to purge the channel of the first fluid, and b) deactivating the pump system (20) when the second fluid reaches the orifices (15).

Abstract: A hand-held cleaning device for vacuuming debris is provided. The hand-held cleaning device a housing, a motor and a vacuum generator. The motor and vacuum generator are both disposed within the inner space of the housing. An intake is in fluid communication with the vacuum generator. The vacuum generator draws air through the intake so as to collect debris. A filter is disposed between the intake and an outtake so as to catch debris. The housing has an outer surface configured to be gripped by a single hand of a user and is dimensioned so as to fit within a purse or diaper bag of a user so as to be easily carried. A vehicle having a storage compartment configured to hold the hand-held device is also provided. The storage compartment may be disposed on the center console of the vehicle or the door of the vehicle.

Abstract: A vehicle wash component includes a rotatable hub portion having an outer surface and an axis of rotation. The rotatable hub portion is in driving communication with at least one core portion to effectuate rotation thereof. At least one media element is fixedly secured to the at least one core portion for rotation therewith. The media element includes a plurality of upstanding finger portions, which are configured to contact an exterior surface of a vehicle. The core portion includes at least one light retaining aperture formed therein. At least one illumination element is disposed between the plurality of upstanding finger portions and in the at least one light retaining aperture so that it rotates as the at least one core portion rotates and can be seen by a vehicle occupant.

Abstract: The lighted vehicle wash component includes a frame portion and a drive mechanism supported by the frame portion. The component also includes a rotatable hub portion supported by the frame portion. The hub portion is in communication with the drive mechanism to effectuate its rotation about an axis of rotation. The component includes a plurality of wash media elements engageable with the hub portion and which are configured to engage a vehicle surface as the hub portion rotates. The plurality of wash media elements are arranged on the hub portion in a plurality of spaced apart rows. The component includes a plurality of lighting elements removeably engaging the hub portion. The lighting elements are disposed in an open area defined between each of the plurality of spaced apart rows. A slip ring assembly is in communication with the hub portion to allow the plurality of lighting elements to rotate about the axis of rotation as the hub portion rotates.

Abstract: A brake control device for a vehicle has a master cylinder that converts an operating force of a brake pedal to a fluid pressure, a wheel cylinder installed in each wheel of the vehicle that generates a braking force by a fluid pressure introduced in each wheel, an introduction section that introduces the fluid pressure generated by the master cylinder, a first switching valve disposed in a fluid passage connecting the master cylinder and the wheel cylinder, and closes at system startup and opens at system non-startup/failure, a second switching valve disposed in a branch fluid passage connecting the master cylinder and the introduction section and opens at the system startup and closes at the system non-startup/failure, and a brake controller. When the system is started after the depression operation of the brake pedal, the brake controller closes the second switching valve.

Abstract: A connecting pin fitting assistive device that prevents erroneous fitting in which, instead of a proper connecting pin, another connecting pin that is larger in length than the proper connecting pin is erroneously fitted, at the time of connecting a prescribed connecting member to a pedal arm via a connecting pin by passing the connecting pin through a connection hole formed in the pedal arm and retaining the connecting pin with use of a retaining member, the connecting pin fitting assistive device having a contact face disposed in a vicinity of the connection hole of the pedal arm and located at a position apart from a side face of the pedal arm by a protrusion restriction dimension S, and the connecting pin fitting assistive device bringing a distal end of the connecting pin passed through the connection hole into contact with the contact face, so that a protruding dimension by which the connecting pin protrudes from the side face of the pedal arm is restricted to the protrusion restriction dimension S, and

Abstract: A vehicle monitoring system includes a central processor operable to receive vehicle inputs from multiple vehicles. The vehicle inputs are indicative of driving conditions of the vehicles. The central processor is operable to receive, for each vehicle of the multiple vehicles, an environment input indicative of the environment at that vehicle. Responsive to the vehicle inputs and the environment inputs, the central processor determines if one or more of the multiple vehicles is at or approaching a hazardous condition. Responsive to a determination that one or more of the multiple vehicles is a threatened vehicle at a potentially hazardous condition, the central monitoring system at least one of (i) actuates an alert of the threatened vehicle to alert a driver of the threatened vehicle of the determined hazardous condition and (ii) controls a vehicle system of the threatened vehicle to mitigate the determined hazardous condition.

Abstract: An automatic braking system for a vehicle is disclosed that includes an electronic brake system capable of applying wheel brakes to decelerate the vehicle and a controller for actuating the brake system in a manner that reduces jerk at the termination of an automatic braking maneuver.

Abstract: In an emergency stop situation, the regenerative braking system is used to assist in rapid deceleration, by combining regenerative braking with conventional friction brakes. Sensors can also be used to trigger the braking systems, even before the driver is able to react. These sensors might include external cameras, ABS activation detection, radar and ultrasound.

Abstract: Methods for controlling wheel slip of a motor vehicle include braking the wheel by supplying a first measured quantity of brake fluid from a modulation cylinder to a brake device of the wheel, determining the wheel slip of the wheel, and moving a second measured quantity of brake fluid between the modulation cylinder and the brake device. When the wheel slip is too small or too large, a change in a volume of the brake fluid in the modulation cylinder is measured and a change in a measure of a braking effect is determined. The second measured quantity of brake fluid is determined on the basis of the measured change in the volume of the brake fluid in the modulation cylinder and the change in the measure of the braking effect. Braking systems configured to carry out the methods, as well as vehicles including the braking systems, are further contemplated.

Abstract: A vehicle brake system and method for operating same, having a master brake cylinder, a brake medium reservoir, and a first brake circuit, connected via a reservoir line to the brake reservoir, having at least one first wheel brake cylinder, a first wheel inlet valve associated with the first brake cylinder, a first pump, by which a first brake medium volume is pumpable from the reservoir line through the open first wheel inlet valve into the first brake cylinder, a continuously adjustable first wheel outlet valve, by which a first brake medium displacement from the first cylinder into the brake reservoir is controllable, and a connecting line having a spring-loaded non-return valve, via which a delivery side of the first pump is connected to the brake reservoir, a brake medium displacement from the brake reservoir to the delivery side of the first pump being prevented by the spring-loaded non-return valve.

Abstract: A vehicle includes a tone wheel having a plurality of encoding members spaced substantially evenly about a periphery thereof. Each tone wheel is rotates with an associated wheel. A fixed speed sensor is mounted adjacent to each tone wheel. The vehicle includes a brake system. A method determines a travel distance between adjacent encoding members. A required rolling distance of a vehicle from standstill is established. Maximum allowed interrupts per wheel is established, with an interrupt defined as each instance an encoding member passes an associated speed sensor. It is determined whether the vehicle is actually rolling from standstill. Once the vehicle is actually rolling, a number of interrupts is counted at each wheel. When the maximum allowed interrupts is counted at each wheel, the brake system is supplied with pressure increase to return the vehicle to, and hold the vehicle at, standstill prior to reaching the required rolling distance.

Abstract: A pressurizable gas reservoir can include a first end member and a second end member that is disposed in longitudinally-spaced relation to the first end member. A flexible reservoir member can extend between opposing first and second ends. The first end secured to the first end member and the second end secured to the second end member. The flexible reservoir member at least partially defines a reservoir chamber between the first and second end members that is capable of storing a quantity of pressurized gas for an extended duration of time. The first and second end members can be maintained in substantially-fixed axial position relative to one another. A suspension system including such a pressurized gas reservoir and a method of assembly are also included.

Abstract: Provided is a hydraulic braking device wherein the heat of a driving coil can be absorbed by a base body, and the heat radiation performance is excellent. The hydraulic braking device having a base body that includes therein a fluid passage for brake fluid, includes: a solenoid valve disposed on one surface of the base body; and a driving coil attached around an axis of the solenoid valve, wherein the one surface of the base body is provided with a wall surface facing an outer circumferential surface of the driving coil. A lower surface of the driving coil is in contact with the one surface of the base body, and a clearance is formed between the outer circumferential surface of the driving coil and the wall surface.

Abstract: The vehicle brake system includes a cylinder, an output piston disposed in the cylinder, an input piston disposed in the cylinder but separating from the output piston and defining a separation chamber therebetween, a brake pedal connected to the input piston, a reaction force generating device for generating an elastic reaction force, a separation lock valve for controlling the communication between the separation chamber and the reaction force generating device, a fade state judging portion to judge whether the friction brake device is in a fade state or not and a friction braking force control portion for changing the mode to the fade state when the fade state judging portion judged that the friction brake device is in the fade state, wherein a desired friction braking force can be assured even under the brake fade state.