Abstract: A system for updating route-data shared by vehicles for automated operation of the vehicles includes a shared-memory, a sensor, and a communication-network. The shared-memory stores route-data used by a plurality of vehicles for automated operation of the vehicles in accordance with a control-rule included in the route-data. The sensor is installed in a first-vehicle of the vehicles. The sensor is used to determine an observed-parameter so the system can detect when the observed-parameter violates a parameter-limit during automated operation of the first-vehicle in accordance with the control-rule. The communication-network is configured to enable the first-vehicle to update the route-data when the observed-parameter violates the parameter-limit. Then other vehicles can access the shared-memory so the other vehicles can negotiate a roadway using the most up-to-date information about the roadway.

Abstract: An automatic identity recognition method used for a robot and a plurality of beacon devices is disclosed. The robot has a tag device. After the robot is started, the tag device enters into a discovery mode and broadcasts a blinking message externally. Each of the plurality of beacon devices respectively replies an initial message including its own anchor ID to the tag device if receiving the blinking message. After receiving the initial message, the tag device records the anchor ID of the initial message into a configuration list, and replies a control command to the beacon device who replies the initial message, so as to control the beacon device not to reply the initial message continually.

Abstract: A vehicle position measurement method includes a process of determining whether or not position information of an own vehicle is able to be acquired with predetermined quality from the outside, a process of acquiring position information of a nearby vehicle present in an area in which the own vehicle is capable of acquiring information when the position information is determined not to be able to be acquired with the predetermined quality, and a process of replacing the position information of the own vehicle with the acquired position information of the nearby vehicle.

Abstract: An apparatus of providing guidance information provides guidance information about the result of recognizing a crosswalk around a vehicle as information for inducing safe driving. The guidance information about a crosswalk is differently provided in accordance with a surrounding situation concerned with forward traveling of the vehicle.

Abstract: Systems and methods for determining vehicle operational status in accordance with embodiments of the invention are disclosed. In one embodiment, a vehicle status determination device includes a processor and a memory connected to the processor and storing a vehicle status determination application, wherein the vehicle status determination device is installed in a vehicle, and wherein the vehicle status determination application directs the processor to determine ignition state data indicating that the vehicle is in a trip, record vehicle status data while the vehicle is in the trip, obtain vehicle trip end data indicating that the vehicle is no longer in a trip, and generate vehicle trip data based on the vehicle status data.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for the determination of routes from, for instance, travel segment network data associated with different data versions. More particularly, a request can be received for a route from an origin to a destination. Graph data modeling a travel segment network for a geographic region associated with the origin and for a geographic region associated the destination can be accessed. The graph data can preserve boundary nodes for visiting during a search (e.g. a contraction hierarchies style search) for a shortest path through the graph data. The reach value of a boundary segment can be considered in identifying boundary segments to be visited during the shortest path search through the graph data. The route can be determined based at least in part on the shortest path.

Abstract: A navigation system provides lane guidance for a navigation route. The navigation route specifies actions for a user to navigate a route from an originating point to a destination along a set of road segments. The lane guidance at a position along the navigation route scores the lanes and provides the lane scoring for the user. To score the lanes, the navigation system determines a lane distance for each lane indicating how far along the navigation route a user may continue to use this lane, without shifting to another lane. The lane distance may be measured up to a look-ahead distance. The lane distance includes distance along subsequent road segments of the route, such that when a lane turns onto a lane on another road segment according to the navigation route, the distance along the other road may be included in the lane distance.

Abstract: A method of generating a suggested navigation route with a navigation device includes storing in a memory of the navigation device a map database containing names and locations of roads in a road network and off-road trail data containing locations of at least one off-road trail provided by a user of the navigation device, and merging off-road segments of the off-road trail with the roads of the road network to create a combined map database containing off-road segments and road segments. The method further includes receiving a request from the user for generating navigation directions to a destination location input by the user, generating the suggested navigation route using data stored in the combined map database, the suggested navigation route containing a combination of off-road segments and road segments, and providing navigation assistance to the user for guiding the user along the suggested navigation route.

Abstract: An interactive vehicle navigation system for previewing turns for a user using animations that show realistic, three-dimensional views of the locale of turns. The previews show a user how the locale of the turns will appear as the instructions are followed. A vantage of the preview is adjusted to promote clear views of the locale. User controls enable a driver to view previews at times that are safe and convenient for the driver and are located in positions that promote driver convenience and safety.

Abstract: An approach is provided for determining one or more previous behaviors made by at least one user traveling at least one calculated route. The one or more previous behaviors include, at least in part, one or more deviations from, one or more matches on, or a combination thereof for the at least one calculated route. The approach involves determining one or more predictor values for one or more predictors associated with the one or more previous behaviors. The approach also involves causing, at least in part, a creation of at least one predictive model based, at least in part, on the one or more predictor values. The at least one predictive model is used to predict one or more potential behaviors by the at least one user while traveling the at least one calculated route, at least one other route, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: An autonomous vehicle may include a processor configured to execute instructions to identify, from vehicle transportation network information representing a vehicle transportation network, first and second location information representing a first and second location in the vehicle transportation network, and generate route information representing a route from the first location to the second location via the vehicle transportation network, wherein the route information includes first lane information indicating that the route includes a first lane of a road segment, wherein the vehicle transportation network information includes second lane information representing a second lane of the road segment and adjacent to the first lane, the route having a minimal expected cost among available candidate routes.

Abstract: A method for vehicle convergence analysis based on a plurality of sparse location data is provided. The method may include obtaining a plurality of vehicle location data. The method may also include receiving a plurality of input data. The method may further include calculating, for each vehicle a probabilistic street network route based on each sequential piece of timed data and each piece of location data included in the obtained plurality of vehicle data and the received plurality of input data. The method may include identifying a plurality of overlapping routes between two vehicles based on the calculated probabilistic street network route. The method may include displaying the identified plurality of overlapping routes between the two vehicles as a meeting area.

Abstract: An image of a vehicle user is captured. The image is compared to a corresponding account image in a preset profile. It is determined whether the image matches the corresponding account image. A destination is selected based on the user profile. A traffic report is generated based on the destination.

Abstract: Embodiments are disclosed to monitor and present a user's physical activity as part of an analog wellness device. The device may include two motors that are coupled to respective discs such that, when rotated, various regions are visible through respective windows. The first of these motors may rotate a first disc based upon a measured number of steps taken by the user, which may be part of a daily fitness activity goal. As the first motor rotates the first disc, the region visible through the first window may indicate a proportion of the fitness activity goal that has been met or exceeded. The second of these motors may turn a second disc based upon a period of time associated with the user's inactivity. The regions visible through the second window may indicate the period of time that the user has been inactive. The top surface of each respective disc may include one or more symbols to communicate information to a user.

Abstract: A method of calibrating geomagnetic sensor information (measurements) and an electronic device adapted to the method are provided. The method of calibrating geomagnetic sensor information in an electronic device includes identifying a calibration level of a first calibration sphere, determining whether the calibration level is less than a preset level, and if the calibration level is less than the preset level, receiving a second calibration sphere from at least one external electronic device. Other embodiments are also provided.

Abstract: An improved electric power metering device that can be installed directly to and in line with the distribution line owned by a utility company or energy provider, whether for overhead or underground distribution lines. The improved electric power metering device according to the present invention thus solves many of the issues presented by prior art electricity meters that are installed in or on an individual consumer's premises, such as liability distribution and the potential for injury to the consumer or damage to the metering device based on the proximity of the metering device to the property of the consumer. The improved electric power metering device of the present invention may also be advantageously applied to the electricity distribution grid at various points that prior art meters may not be convenient or possible to install, such that service metering or RSS can be enacted at strategic points in the grid.

Abstract: An electronic device and a magnetic sensor integrated circuit thereof are provided. The magnetic sensor integrated circuit includes a shell, a semiconductor substrate installed in the shell and a first to a third port extending from the shell. A rectifier and a position sensor are provided on the semiconductor substrate. The rectifier includes first and second output terminals and two input terminals respectively connected to the first and second ports. In a case that the first and second ports are positively or negatively connected to an external power supply, a voltage output by the first output terminal of the rectifier is higher than the voltage output by the second output terminal of the rectifier. The position sensor is connected to the first and second output terminals of the rectifier, and a magnetic field signal detected by the position sensor is output by the third port.

Abstract: A proximity sensor includes an active sensor, a passive target, and a measurement circuit. The active sensor includes an active resonant tank circuit that includes an excitation source, a first capacitor, and a first inductor. The passive target includes a passive resonant tank circuit that includes a second capacitor and a second inductor, where magnetic coupling between the first inductor and the second inductor varies as a function of physical displacement of the first inductor and the second inductor with respect to one another. The measurement circuit is configured to measure a coupled resonant frequency response in the active resonant tank circuit and provide a measured distance output based on the coupled resonant frequency response.

Abstract: An apparatus for determining a position between a wireless power transmitter and a wireless power receiver is provided. The apparatus comprises a ferrite structure. The apparatus further comprises a plurality of detection loops formed from metallic traces on a flexible printed circuit wrapped on or around the ferrite structure. Each of the plurality of detection loops comprises a solenoid detection loop. The ferrite structure comprises a first ferrite block and a second ferrite block disposed adjacent to the first ferrite block. A first wireless power transfer coil is wrapped on or around the first ferrite block. A second wireless power transfer coil is wrapped on or around the second ferrite block. Each detection loop of the plurality of detection loops is configured to sense an amount of magnetic flux flowing in a direction normal to a winding plane of the detection loop.

Abstract: A multi-turn detector is configured to detect an amount of multiple turns of an input shaft using a plurality of resolvers. Each resolver includes a rotor portion and a stator portion. The rotor portion has a rotor core composed of a magnetic flux modulating component. The rotor portion rotates in accordance with rotation of the input shaft at a reduction gear ratio that is different from that of a rotor portion of another resolver. The stator portion has an excitation winding that excites an ac magnetic flux in a direction of an axis of rotation of the rotor portion and two detection windings that output ac signals that are obtained by performing amplitude modulation in accordance with a rotation angle of the rotor portion. The excitation windings and the detection windings of the plurality of resolvers are formed by conductor traces in a common multi-layer printed circuit board.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for capturing image information. The apparatus includes a waveguide having opposed planar input and output faces. A diffractive optical element (DOE) is formed across the waveguide. The DOE is configured to couple a portion of the light passing through the waveguide into the waveguide. The light coupled into the waveguide is directed via total internal reflection to an exit location on the waveguide. The apparatus further includes a light sensor having an input positioned adjacent the exit location of the waveguide to capture light exiting therefrom and generate output signals corresponding thereto. A processor determines the angle and position of the coupled light with respect to the input face of the waveguide based on the output signals.

Abstract: A light source array used in illumination portions for optical encoders comprising an illumination portion, a scale grating extending along a measuring direction and receiving light from the illumination portion, and a detector configuration. The light source array comprises individual sources arranged in a grid pattern and coinciding with two transverse sets of parallel grid pattern lines that have two different grid line pitches between their parallel lines. Different instances of the light source array may be mounted with different rotational orientations about an axis normal to the grid pattern, for use in different illumination portions adapted for use with respective scale gratings having different grating pitches along the measuring axis direction. By using the different respective rotational orientations, the individual sources are aligned along respective illumination source lines that are spaced apart by different respective illumination source line pitches along the measuring axis direction.

Abstract: The invention relates to a data logger (1) for recording, storing, evaluating, displaying and/or reading measurement data with at least the following functional units, preferably arranged in a common housing: at least one sensor unit (2) for measuring environmental parameters in the form of analog measurement values, such as, in particular, temperature and/or humidity, at least one analog/digital converter (3) for converting the analog measurement values into digital measurement data, at least one processor unit (4) for generating at least one file (10, 11) from the digital measurement data, possibly in prepared form, at least one storage unit (5) for storing digital data, in particular the at least one file (10, 11), and at least one interface (6), preferably a USB interface, for transmitting at least digital data to and/or from the data logger (1), and a power source (7).

Abstract: The disclosure provides various methods and apparatuses for obtaining data. A method includes positioning the apparatus in proximity to a point of interest (POI), wherein an extension portion of the apparatus extends towards the POI. The method also includes providing power to a sensor via the extension portion, and receiving data from the sensor via the extension portion. The sensor may be detached from or attached to the apparatus. The data may be received via a wired or wireless connection. The power may be provided via a wired or wireless connection. The method may also include moving the extension portion further towards the POI after positioning the apparatus in proximity to the POI. The method may also include retracting the extension portion after receiving the sensor data or after expiration of a time period during which no data is received from the sensor. The apparatus may be an autonomous drone.

Abstract: In a method of gyroscope operation, at an input of a gyroscope, a synchronization signal provided by an image sensor is received. The synchronization signal is associated with the capture of a portion of an image frame by the image sensor. Responsive to receipt of the synchronization signal by the gyroscope, the gyroscope generates gyroscope data that is substantially synchronized in time with the synchronization signal. The gyroscope outputs the gyroscope data for use in stabilization of the portion of the image frame.

Abstract: An apparatus for use with a backup counter module, the apparatus having: a housing having a first end for coupling the housing to a gas meter body, and a second end for coupling an electronic counter module to the housing; and the second end having an inner surface with at least two sets of backup counter module engagement features for securing an output end of a backup counter module in one of at least two backup counter module positions. The housing may be coupled to a first gas meter body with a backup counter module positioned within the housing in one of the at least two backup counter module positions. The housing may alternatively be coupled to a second gas meter body with the backup counter module positioned within the housing in another of the at least two backup counter module positions.

Abstract: A method of measuring the volume flow rate of a liquid including providing a flow of the liquid, tapping off a portion of the flow of liquid and using a Coriolis meter to measure the density of that portion of the flow of liquid, passing at least part of the flow of liquid through a Venturi meter, and using the density of the liquid as measured by the Coriolis meter in calculating the volume flow rate of fluid through the Venturi meter.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, an electromagnetic flowmeter according to an embodiment includes a pipe, a pair of base members, and coil units. A fluid to be measured flows through the pipe. The pair of base members each includes a first portion and at least one second portion. The pair of base members is provided across an axial center of the pipe. The first portion contacts with an outer face of the pipe. The second portion protrudes from the first portion toward outside of the pipe radially. Coil units each includes a cylindrical coil. The coil units correspond to the second portions and attached to the base members while the second portions are inserted into pipes of the coils. The coil units have a same specification as a specification of coil units of another electromagnetic flowmeter that includes the pipe having a different outer diameter.

Abstract: Methods and systems for measuring a gas flow rate and/or a solids feed rate by detecting a vibroacoustic emission caused by passage of the gases and/or solids through an interior of a pipe are described. The methods include correlating an intensity of a broad-band vibroacoustic emission having a frequency of up to 3,200 Hz with a change in the gas flow rate. The methods also include correlating a change in a position of a narrow-band vibroacoustic emission having a frequency of up to 800 Hz with a change in the solids feed rate. The methods further include correlating the change in the position of the narrow-band vibroacoustic emission with an absolute solids feed rate. The systems include at least one vibroacoustic sensor and at least one computer program product having machine-readable instructions executable on at least one processor for performing the described steps of correlating.

Abstract: A gas flowmeter includes a device body that air-tightly encapsulates a measurement target fluid, an inlet configured to introduce the measurement target fluid into the device body, an outlet configured to exhaust the measurement target fluid from the device body, and a connector that is connected with the outlet. The gas flowmeter further includes a flow rate measuring part of an ultrasonic type that is connected with the connector and calculates a flow rate of the measurement target fluid flowing inside, and a flow path member that is connected with the connector and has a flow path shape identical with that of the flow rate measuring part. The flow rate measuring part and the flow path member are connected with the connector in a vertical direction in such a manner that a side of inflow ports through which the measurement target fluid flows in faces downward.

Abstract: A multiphase flowmeter, and a method of analyzing and measuring multiphase flow is described. The multiphase flowmeter includes a combination 3 flow elements where a pressure differential is measured. The disclosed multiphase flowmeter relies on pressure differential measurements, however it does not rely on a specific method of generating these measureable pressure differentials in each of the flow elements. The pressure differentials can be caused by a variety of means such as a flow obstruction within the flow element. The meter also has a pressure transmitter which measures the in-pipe pressure and a temperature sensor which measures the fluids' temperature. From the signals obtained from the above sensors, an overall analysis of the multiphase fluid flow is performed providing a complete set of flow measurement data for a fluid mixture composed of 3 phases, which 3 phases may be oil, water and gas, or in the case of a wet gas application, gas, gas condensate and water.

Abstract: The present invention includes a device and method for determining the flow of one or more phases of a multiphase fluid mixture comprising: a tube, a pipe, a main body or any combinations thereof comprising an interior and an exterior, wherein the interior receives a multiphase fluid mixture for the determination of the fractions in the multiphase; a first ultrasound field detector ring comprising: two or more pairs of transversal paired dual frequency ultrasound transmitter/receivers are on the same normal plane and are positioned in a transversal direction to a flow of the multiphase fluid mixture on the exterior of the tube, pipe, or main body, wherein the sampled volume covers a part of or the whole cross-section of the flow volume; and a computer connected to the ultrasound transmitter/receivers that determines the one or more phases of a multiphase fluid mixture.

Abstract: Provided is a tool-body that arranges ultrasonic and electrical capacitance sensors at close distances to the casing wall of the wellbore such that properties of thickness, flow velocity, acoustic impedance and the dielectric constant of the liquid layer are measured at a number of circumferential locations inside the casing of the wellbore. These measured values may then be combined to derive the average flow rate of the layer and also used to identify whether the liquid is water or condensate/oil, or a mixture of the two with a certain water-in-liquid ratio. Combined with a gas flow rate and a liquid droplets concentration measurement, the total liquid flow rate and liquid type can be derived.

Abstract: Metering machine (1) including a frame (2) on which are mounted a feed hopper (3) and a metering sleeve (5) mounted between an outlet (6) of the feed hopper (3) and a discharge pipe (72), characterized in that the metering sleeve (5) includes a radial window (12) and is rotatable about a longitudinal axis (X) by rotation drive means (40, 41) adapted to position the metering sleeve (5) selectively in a first position in which the radial window (12) faces the outlet (6) of the feed hopper (3) and a second position in which the radial window (12) faces a feed end of the discharge pipe (72).

Abstract: A fluid dispensing apparatus includes an actuator body with an actuator and a valve stem coupled for movement with the actuator, and a fluid body having a fluid chamber capable of fluid communication with an outlet. The valve stem is adapted to extend from the actuator body into the fluid chamber for dispensing fluid from the fluid chamber through the outlet. A quick connect member is provided to selectively fully engage and disengage a first coupling element on the actuator body with a second coupling element on the fluid body, to connect and disconnect the actuator body and the fluid body with respect to each other. The quick connect member advantageously connects or disconnects these bodies without requiring disassembly or dismounting of the bodies from other elements associated with the fluid dispensing apparatus, with a simple manual movement such as a sliding linear continuous movement.

Abstract: A system and method for a constructible scoop that overcomes the disadvantages of conventional preformed scoops that are shipped in association with a scoopable product. A constructible scoop may be protected and provided outside of the product-containing-volume where it is easily located and sealed to be sanitary prior to first use.

Abstract: A method of measuring a surface of a liquid, the surface of the liquid having an edge which contacts a solid structure and an interior area which does not contact the solid structure. The surface of the liquid and the solid structure are illuminated with a pattern so that an upper part of the pattern is projected onto the solid structure to form an upper projected pattern and a lower part of the pattern is projected onto the interior area of the surface of the liquid to form a lower projected pattern. An image of the upper projected pattern is acquired and analysed to determine a height of the edge of the surface of the liquid. An image of the lower projected pattern is acquired and analysed to determine a characteristic of the interior area of the surface of the liquid.

Abstract: Provided is a flow rate detecting device for a fuel tank including: a case having a filled liquid filled therein and closed; a resistor substrate provided in the case and a wiper contacting the resistor substrate; and a damper provided in the case and absorbing a pressure change of an inner portion of the case. The flow rate detecting device for a fuel tank is configured to absorb a pressure change of the inner portion of the case, thereby making it possible to prevent leakage of the filled liquid that may occur due to the pressure change of the inner portion of the case.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to determine compound meter failure are disclosed. One disclosed example apparatus includes a receiver to receive fluid flow rate data from a first fluid flow rate meter on a first channel of a compound utility meter and a second fluid flow rate meter on a second channel of the compound utility meter. The example apparatus also includes a processor communicatively coupled to the receiver, where the processor is to determine a failure condition of the compound utility meter based on the flow rate data received from the first and second fluid flow rate meters.

Abstract: A pressure differential meter (13) measures and the volume flow rate of a liquid (6) and a Coriolis meter (14) monitors the density of the liquid (6). When the density as monitored by the Coriolis meter (14) indicates that density is reaching the range limit of the pressure differential meter (13), the pressure differential meter (13) is re-calibrated.

Abstract: A yield measurement system for a cold planer having a conveyor is disclosed. The yield measurement system may include a hydraulic motor configured to propel the conveyor, a first sensor configured to generate a first signal indicative of a force acting on the conveyor by material being moved by the conveyor, and a second sensor configured to generate a second signal indicative of a pressure differential across the hydraulic motor. The yield measurement system may also include a controller in communication with the first and second sensors. The controller may be configured to determine when the conveyor is not transferring material based on the second signal, and automatically recalibrate the yield measurement system based on the first signal when the conveyor is not transferring material.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a combination weighing device in which supply of articles at an article conveyance part is controlled with good precision. A combination weighing device (100) is provided with article conveyance parts (10, 20) having loading parts (11, 21) of articles and driving parts (12, 22) for driving the loading parts, the article conveyance parts (10, 20) driving the driving parts and thereby causing the articles to be conveyed to hoppers (30) arranged downstream in a conveyance direction, a sensing part (60) for sensing, in non-contact manner, a state of the articles on the loading parts, and a supply control part (82c) for controlling supply of the articles by controlling driving of the article conveyance parts based on a sensing result of the sensing part. The sensing part sense, for a plurality of regions along the conveyance direction, the state of the articles for each of the regions.

Abstract: A method includes receiving noise spectral information from a scale, analyzing the noise spectral information via circuitry to identify instances of noise with various magnitudes at multiple frequencies, ending a listening period, and providing the identified instances of noise to be displayed.

Abstract: An apparatus, system and method for estimating power spectral density (PSD). A processing apparatus and a test system are operatively coupled where a random signal generator produces a source signal comprising known statistical properties, and a first converter converts the source signal to a power spectral density (PSD) representation. The test system receives the source signal and produce an output signal, where a second converter converts the output signal to a second PSD representation, and an estimator estimates a magnitude-squared frequency response function (MSFRF) of the output signal and source signal. A weighting module may weight an estimation error factor based on at least one of a quality of the estimate and a user preference, and a removal module, removes a portion of the estimation error from the output signal PSD.

Abstract: To allow a simple cascading without any optical crosstalk at the connection points, an optoelectronic sensor is provided having at least one electronic card which has light transmitter elements and/or light reception elements and having at least two optical modules which can be fastened to the electronic card, wherein each optical module comprises a tube array, which has a plurality of tubes, an open end and a closed end, wherein the open end of the optical module comprises an open first connection element of a connection to the tube array and comprises wall connection elements and wherein the closed end of the optical module comprises a closed second connection element of the connection which has an outer wall which is formed with shape matching to the wall connection elements of the open end of the optical module such that, on a plugging together of an open end of an optical module and of a closed end of a further optical module, the two connection elements of the connection form a connection tube which is

Abstract: Algorithms for detecting whether a device is properly secured to a user's skin are described. The operation of a device, such as a wearable device, can be adjusted based on whether the device is properly secured to a user's skin (e.g., on-wrist) or not properly secured to the user's skin (e.g., off-wrist). For example, certain functions can be disabled for power-saving, security or other purposes if the device is off-wrist. In order to avoid falsely identifying the device as off-wrist or on-wrist, algorithms for detecting whether the device is on-wrist or off-wrist can calculate one or more variances based on signals measured by a light sensor and compare the one or more variances with one or more thresholds. Comparing the one or more variances to the one or more threshold can improve the accuracy of wrist-detection algorithms.

Abstract: A system for generating extreme ultraviolet light may include a chamber, a target supply device configured to supply a target material into the chamber, a laser apparatus configured to output a laser beam to irradiate the target material, a wavefront adjuster configured to adjust a wavefront of the laser beam, an imaging optical system configured to focus the laser beam reflected by the target material, an image detector configured to capture an image of the laser beam focused by the imaging optical system, and a controller configured to control the wavefront adjuster based on the captured image.

Abstract: A metrology system includes an optical frequency separation apparatus in the path of the pulsed light beam and configured to interact with the pulsed light beam and output a plurality of spatial components that correspond to the spectral components of the pulsed light beam; a plurality of sensing regions that receive and sense the output spatial components; and a control system connected to an output of each sensing region. The control system is configured to: measure, for each sensing region output, a property of the output spatial components from the optical frequency separation apparatus for one or more pulses; analyze the measured properties including averaging the measured properties to calculate an estimate of the spectral feature of the pulsed light beam; and determine whether the estimated spectral feature of the pulsed light beam is within an acceptable range of values of spectral features.

Abstract: A radiation receiving sensor includes an infrared receiver including a plurality of infrared receiving devices that receive infrared radiation, a lens that allows infrared radiation to enter the infrared receiver, a rotator that rotates the infrared receiver and the lens about a part of the lens, and a cover member that faces the infrared receiver through the lens and that has translucency.

Abstract: A temperature dependent oscillator charges a capacitance from a voltage source through a switch. The switch is opened and the capacitance discharges through a transistor having a temperature dependent resistance. The voltage across the capacitance is compared to a predetermined threshold voltage. The comparator asserts a compare signal when the capacitance discharges to a predetermined voltage level. The switch is then closed for a long enough time to recharge the capacitor and then the switch is opened to allow the capacitance to discharge through the transistor. The charging and discharging repeats with a frequency that is exponentially related to temperature. A counter counts the oscillations over a predetermined time period. The count value is processed using a natural log function resulting in a thermal value corresponding to temperature. The thermal value may be corrected for supply voltage errors.