Abstract: An exhaust flow treatment apparatus to treat exhaust flow emitted by a combustion engine is configured to receive unburnt fuel for combustion therein after confirming that conditions are such that the unburnt fuel is likely to combust in the apparatus. A method of controlling operation of an exhaust flow treatment apparatus includes confirming that the temperature of fluid in the apparatus exceeds a threshold temperature before allowing unburnt fuel into the apparatus. The method may confirm a particular mode of operation of the exhaust flow treatment apparatus to determine the appropriate quantity of fuel for burning in the apparatus.

Abstract: A servo controller includes: a first position feedback acquisition unit; a second position feedback acquisition unit; a converter converting the acquired position feedback of the first shaft to a value corresponding to the position feedback of the second shaft based on a synchronous ratio; a synchronous error calculator calculating synchronous error which is difference between the converted position feedback of the first shaft and the position feedback of the second shaft; a positional deviation calculator calculating a positional deviation of the second shaft which is difference between the position command for the second shaft and the position feedback of the second shaft; a filtering processor extracting components in a predetermined frequency range from the difference between the synchronous error and the positional deviation of the second shaft; and, a positional deviation corrector correcting the positional deviation of the second shaft by use of the output from the filtering processor.

Abstract: A method of processing a wafer in a production tool includes receiving a wafer at a process tool, the wafer associated with a wafer process history, acquiring data associated with wafers processed by the process tool and having the wafer process history, when the amount of acquired data is insufficient, acquiring additional data associated with wafers processed by the process tool and having a process history differing from the wafer process history by a single factor, when the amount of acquired data is sufficient, determining a process parameter using the acquired data, and processing the wafer with the production tool using the process parameter.

Abstract: A method for dispensing products from a vending machine includes presenting a start screen of a user interface including menu options associated with a selection of a product. A first interaction associated with the menu options is received and recorded for use in generating an identifier. Additional interactions are received and recorded for use in generating the identifier. Each of the additional interactions corresponds to a selection made a unique sub menu of a plurality of sub menus. The additional interactions are associated with the selection of the product. A last interaction of the additional interactions determines the product to be purchased. An identifier is generated based on the recorded first interaction and the recorded at least one additional interaction. The identifier represents a sequential mapping of the first interaction and the additional interactions. The product and the identifier are provided to a user of the vending machine.

Abstract: A system prevents unauthorized delivery of product to a bulk storage tank, allows authorized delivery, and controls the flow of product at a product entry port of the tank. A remote controlled valve includes a disk flap that is displaceable between an opened position and a closed position, and a disk displacement assembly including a motor coupled with the disk flap. The disk displacement assembly includes a lock feature that locks the disk flap in the opened position and the closed position. A controller is cooperable with the disk displacement assembly and controls activation of the motor. The disk displacement assembly includes a spring transmission assembly interposed between the motor and an axle of the disk flap. The spring transmission assembly permits displacement of the motor when the disk flap is blocked in the opened position or the closed position.

Abstract: A numerical control device inputs a machining program to control an operation of a machine tool and outputs feedback data obtained as a result of the operation of the machine tool. The numerical control device includes a machining-program analysis unit that analyzes the machining program having a machining shape command to which a mark or a specific program command is attached and that outputs a marking instruction; a delay unit that delays the marking instruction until the feedback data indicating a result of an operation of the machine tool based on the machining shape command is obtained; and a feedback-data output unit that, when having detected the feedback data and the delayed marking instruction, executes, onto the feedback data, marking corresponding to the mark or the specific program command attached to the machining shape command and outputs the feedback data.

Abstract: A system and method for the optimization of the cycles of events occurring in an I.S. machine that automatically optimizes the cycles of events occurring in an I.S. machine by using information relating to the characteristics of the hot glass containers manufactured by the I.S. machine obtained by monitoring the hot glass containers immediately subsequent to their manufacture. Optionally, information relating to process values associated with the operation of the I.S. machine may also be monitored and used in the optimization of the cycles of events occurring in the I.S. machine. Also optionally, the active limits of the event times may be modified by an operator based upon observations of the operation of the I.S. machine.

Abstract: A method and a device for monitoring the number of sheets in a drying oven and a management and control system of the drying oven are disclosed. The method for monitoring comprises: acquiring sheet inlet signals and sheet outlet signals during transmission of the sheets (S100), in which the sheet inlet signals include information about a number of sheets transmitted into the oven by a robot, and the sheet outlet signals include information about a number of sheets transmitted out of the oven by the robot; and calculating an actual number of sheets in the oven according to the sheet inlet signals and the sheet outlet signals (S200). Moreover, the monitoring device (1) comprising an acquisition module (11) and a calculation module (12) is disclosed, and the management and control system of a drying oven, comprising the above device, is disclosed.

Abstract: A flight control system for at least one tethered gyroglider along a flight path consistent with at least one flight mission is configured to fly the gyroglider within a portfolio of winds, managing an interaction between portfolios of at least four envelopes including wind, gyroglider performance, flight and base station. Every flight mission corresponds to at least one flight path associated with a set containing at least one first value and at least one second value. The control system is provided with a learning and library manager comprising a repository having stored sets of first values and associated second values for each flight path. The current first values associated with a current mission are corrected based on predicted or experienced flight paths and measurable outputs to attain the desired flight path. The corrected, experienced values, flight path and measurable output are further stored in the repository for further learning.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a mobility aid which uses one or more sensors, processors, motors, and drive wheels to maintain a distance between the mobility aid and a user which conforms to preset parameters as the user walks without touching the walker.

Abstract: Methods and systems for determining instructions for pulling over an autonomous vehicle are described. An example method may involve identifying a region of a road ahead of the autonomous vehicle based on lane boundaries of the road, one or more road boundaries indicating an edge of the road, and a size of the autonomous vehicle. The method may also involve determining a braking profile for reducing the speed of the autonomous vehicle based on the region and a speed of the autonomous vehicle. The method may also involve determining, based on the braking profile, a trajectory such that the autonomous vehicle will travel within the region while reducing the speed of the autonomous vehicle. The method may further involve determining instructions for pulling over and stopping the autonomous vehicle in the region in accordance with the determined trajectory and storing the instructions in a memory accessible by a computing device.

Abstract: A method and system for dynamically personalizing an aircraft is provided. Users of an aircraft store their environmental preferences in a file on a storage device. When the users use the aircraft or ride on the aircraft, the aircraft computer system communicates with and uploads the users' files containing the users' environmental preferences. The aircraft computer system then implements the users' preferences by configuring a system of modules.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a system for coordinating the delivery of a payload by a drone to a recipient, the system comprising a drone; where the drone is an autonomous vehicle that is operative to perform one or more functions without human intervention; and a facility agent acting on behalf of a facility in which the recipient is located; where the facility agent is autonomous and is operative to act on behalf of either the recipient or the facility in which the recipient is located; and where the facility agent comprises an access option enumerator for computing a set of delivery strategies in accordance with a constraint or a goal; and an access negotiator for reaching an agreement between the drone and the facility agent on the delivery strategy for the payload.

Abstract: In a capacity control valve, a discharged-fluid-receiving part having a diameter that is larger than the diameter of a valve hole interconnecting a first valve chamber and a third valve chamber is provided to the outer periphery section of a third valve part. It is thereby possible to obtain a capacity control valve in which, when the first valve part opens, the discharged-fluid-receiving part receives the pressure of the discharged fluid, the actuation response of the valve body during an opening action is moderated, an excessive increase in the sensitivity to a rise in pressure in the crank chamber caused by a rapid increase in the amount of coolant flowing into the crank chamber is prevented, and the action of the valve body is stable.

Abstract: The present invention provides a pressure reducing valve. The pressure reduction valve includes a main body, an inlet, an outlet, a stem, a main seat, a pilot diaphragm, a main head, and a control spring. The pressure reduction valve includes additional auxiliary seats with corresponding auxiliary heads and displacement members/surfaces. The pressure reduction valve additional includes auxiliary seats with corresponding auxiliary heads and displacement members/surfaces enables stage wise opening of the secondary seats and the main seat. This enables to meet highly varying media flow demands using single pressure reduction valve, having less hunting effect and eliminating use of multiple pressure reduction valves.

Abstract: In accordance with an embodiment, a method of controlling a power supply node includes measuring a voltage of the power supply node, determining a first current based on the measuring, determining a first current and a second current based on the measuring, and summing the first current and the second current at the power supply node. Determining the first current includes operating a first controller having a first bandwidth, and determining the second current includes operating a second controller having a second bandwidth greater than the first bandwidth.

Abstract: A DC-DC converter or the like capable of generating a stable output voltage is provided. A control circuit 11 of a current mode step-down DC-DC converter 1 includes a slope compensation circuit SC and an offset circuit IF1. The slope compensation circuit SC adds an increase gradient m2 due to slope compensation to an increase gradient of a coil current waveform Vsense in a range wherein an ON period Ton of a switch SW1 exceeds ½ of an operating cycle T. An offset circuit IF1 applies an offset voltage Voffset which becomes smaller depending on the ON period Ton in excess of ½ of an operating cycle T, to a coil current waveform Vsense.

Abstract: A controller executes local generation and local consumption pathways of: supplying power from a solar cell to an appliance, and charging a storage cell with power that remains after subtracting power consumed by the appliance from the solar cell power. In the absence of excess power, the storage cell and solar cell supply power. Power supply from a commercial electrical grid covers a power shortage that remains after subtracting solar cell power and storage cell power from the power consumed by the appliance. The controller also executes a second excess power selling mode pathway wherein excess power flows into the commercial electrical grid, and an assist mode wherein all solar cell power flows into the commercial electrical grid, and storage cell power flows to the appliance.

Abstract: To prevent loss of controllability associated with the change in total target power value, and suppress power supply voltage fluctuation. An upper limit value calculation section 20 is provided, which adds a correction value Hn calculated by a correction value calculation section 19 to a sum total ?xn of target power values x1n to xMn calculated by a total target power value calculation section 18, so as to calculate a power upper limit value PLIM for every load, such that an appropriate power upper limit value PLIM may be obtained depending on variation of the sum total ?xn of target power values x1n to xMn.

Abstract: Accessing an energy management policy for a plurality of devices is described, wherein the devices are coupled with a first structure. The energy usage of the devices is monitored. An energy usage rule and energy usage is then compared. The energy management policy and energy usage is also compared. Based on the comparing, an instruction is generated to modify an energy usage profile of said device to correlate with the energy usage rule associated with the devices and the energy management policy, thereby enabling efficient energy management.

Abstract: A current source includes a first current path including a first current mirror transistor and an input current source coupled in series, a second current path including a second current minor transistor, wherein control terminals of the first and second current minor transistors are connected, a first circuit configured to provide a controlled auxiliary current in the second current path, and a second circuit configured to provide a controlled output current in the second current path when or after the auxiliary current has reached steady state. The current source may include one or more cascode transistors in the first current path and one or more cascode transistors in the second current path. The first circuit may be activated before the second circuit is activated.

Abstract: Provided is a reference voltage circuit with improved temperature characteristics. A current based on a current flowing through a first depletion transistor whose gate and source are connected to each other is caused to flow through a third depletion transistor having the same threshold, to thereby generate a voltage between a gate and a source of the third depletion transistor. A current based on a current flowing through a second depletion transistor whose gate and source are connected to each other is caused to flow through a fourth depletion transistor having the same threshold, to thereby generate a voltage between a gate and a source of the fourth depletion transistor. A reference voltage is generated based on a difference voltage of the two voltages, to thereby obtain a reference voltage having less voltage fluctuations with respect to a temperature change.

Abstract: A method for controlling an electronic circuit, characterised in that it comprises a step of feedback control of a current voltage-frequency operating point relative to a reference curve of a voltage-frequency domain of operation associated with the circuit, to bring the circuit from a first operating point to a second operating point, said reference curve linking said first and second operating points in an optimal trajectory relative to a boundary of said domain.

Abstract: A fixing component for a switch including a flange, a ring attachment, and a screw attachment, the flange including a projection provided on an outer peripheral surface, the screw attachment including, on an inner peripheral surface, an insertion area into which the projection of the flange is inserted, a projection engaging part into which the projection of the flange is fitted, and an interference projection which is formed between the projection engaging part and the insertion area and has a smaller inner diameter than diameters of the projection engaging part and the insertion area, the projection of the flange including a first projecting portion and a second projecting portion where the first projecting portion is fitted into a guiding groove, and the second projecting portion is configured to traverse the interference projection to be fitted into a fitting groove when the flange and the screw attachment are rotated relatively.

Abstract: Provided herein is a pedal assembly for a vehicle with an intermediate link releasably connected to an actuation link of a push rod. The push rod is connected to a pedal arm via the actuation link and the intermediate link. The intermediate link has two parallel links that are capable of movement from a first position to a second position during vehicle collision using a release lever. Upon rotation to its second position, the release lever disconnects and forces the parallel links of the intermediate link away from each other, thus disconnecting the push rod and pedal arm. Energy is prevented from being transmitted to the driver's foot, thereby reducing injury to the driver. An actuation mechanism, such as a reaction bracket, is mounted to a vehicle structure adjacent the release lever, and may actuate rotation of the lever.

Abstract: An adapter to mount, in a housing, a device having a connector includes a tray to which the device is fixed, a chassis into which the tray is inserted from one direction, fixed in the housing, a connector substrate on which a connecter is mounted, attached to a back portion of the chassis in the one direction, the connector being connected to the connector of the device while movable in a plane orthogonal to the one direction, and a first conductive elastic element attached on one side of a first wall portion of the chassis, extending in the one direction, in which the tray is pressed onto a second wall portion of the chassis opposing the first wall portion while the tray is inserted into the chassis and the device connector is connected to the connector of the substrate.

Abstract: A pivot mechanism of the synchronous hinge device is applied to a foldable electronic apparatus. The pivot mechanism can be stably rotated and the distance between two shafts of the dual-shaft hinge is shortened, whereby the electronic device can be smoothly rotated and have a miniaturized and lightweight structure. The pivot mechanism includes a driver disposed on a first shaft and a reactor disposed on a second shaft and a link unit. Spur gears and conical (bevel) gears are respectively disposed at two ends of the link unit and the driver and the reactor. The Spur gears and conical (bevel) gears are engaged with each other to transmit power, whereby the first shaft with the driver and the second shaft with the reactor can be stably synchronously rotated in reverse directions.

Abstract: An interface card fastening module is provided for assembling an interface card to a housing and electrically connecting the interface card with a main board having an insertion slot corresponding to the interface card, and the opening of the insertion slot is substantially parallel to the main board. The interface card fastening module includes a stopping member and an engaging member rotatably disposed on the housing so as to be movable between a release position and an engage position. Therefore, upon assembling the interface card to the main board, additional riser card would be not required. As a result, the space for installing an adapting member can be saved, and more components may be received in the housing or the size of the housing may become smaller. In addition, since the adapting member is no more needed, the manufacturing cost and assembling hours for the adapting member can be saved.

Abstract: An electronic device includes an arm that pivots with respect to a body of the electronic device, a device that pivots with respect to the arm, and a link mechanism that includes a slider disposed along the arm, the link mechanism moving the slider along the arm upon pivoting of the device such that the arm pivots in a direction opposite to a pivoting direction of the device.

Abstract: An input device, that is worn on a portion of a user's body, includes: a sensor unit configured to obtain angular velocities and an acceleration in a first coordinate system fixed in the input device; a reference posture specification unit configured to generate a second coordinate system for a reference posture of the user; a rotation matrix calculator configured to calculate a rotation matrix that transforms the angular velocities in the first coordinate system into angular velocities in the second coordinate system using the acceleration in the first coordinate system; a characteristic value calculator configured to calculate characteristic values in the second coordinate system using the angular velocities in the second coordinate system; a command specification unit configured to specify a command according to the characteristic values; and a transmitter configured to transmit the command to the controller.

Abstract: A wearable display device includes a flexible display, a first engaging member and a second engaging member. The flexible display includes a folded line. The flexible display is for being bent along the folded line to remain in an extended state or a folded state. At the extended state, the flexible display has a first display screen. At the folded state, the flexible display has a second display screen. The first display screen is larger than the second display screen. The first engaging member and the second engaging member are disposed on two sides of the flexible display, respectively. The first engaging member corresponds to the second engaging member. When the flexible display is folded from the extended state to the folded state, the first engaging member is for being fastened to the second engaging member, and the flexible display is bent and surround to form a wearing space.

Abstract: An example data center server rack may generally include a cabinet, a mounting fixture, and a trough. The mounting fixture may support one or more server units that are received within the cabinet. The trough may be attached to a sidewall of the cabinet. Openings in a sidewall of the cabinet may correspond to openings in a sidewall of the trough such that cables coupled to the one or more server units may be routed into the trough. The trough may include a bracket disposed between its sidewalls, with the bracket including one or more power strips. By routing the cables into the trough, the serviceability of and airflow through the data center server rack are improved. To prevent the diversion of airflow into the trough, boots may be secured at openings through which cables pass, with the boot covering a portion of the cables.

Abstract: The loading density of canisters fitted to a supporting substrate of a storage enclosure is reduced. A plurality of rail structure bodies are provided in parallel with the Y-axis direction so as to be spaced apart by a first predetermined distance in the X-axis direction. A pair of the rail structure bodies arranged on left and right sides in the Y-axis direction support the canisters. The rail structure body includes first contact parts extended in parallel with the Y-axis direction, second contact parts formed continuously with the first contact parts so as to protrude by a second predetermined distance to one side in the X-axis direction, and coupling parts formed continuously with the first contact parts and the second contact parts. The canister is supported between one side surface of the second contact part of one rail structure body and the other side surface of the contact part.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a power management integrated circuit comprises a finite state machine having a first terminal to receive a digital command signal, a second terminal to receive a clock signal, and a third terminal to receive a first reset signal to reset the finite state machine into a predetermined operational state. A plurality of diagnostic registers is configured to store a signal state of the digital command signal or a clock state of the clock signal, or both in response to the first reset signal. The diagnostic registers are configured to maintain the signal state or the clock state, or both after powering down of the power management integrated circuit in response to the first reset signal. The diagnostic registers are configured to allow retrieval of the stored signal state or the stored clock state, or both upon power on of the power management integrated circuit.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a display device having a pixel and vector storage, and a by-pass mode and an interpolation mode, wherein the interpolation mode converts input data from an input frame rate to a display refresh rate based on pixel and vector data stored in the storage. A method includes determining a selected interpolation mode to be employed by a frame interpolator, retrieving pixel data and vector data received from a host system from a storage, and generating interpolated frames of display data according to the selected interpolation mode.

Abstract: A method and system for managing the operation of a computing system are described herein. The method includes determining a number of workloads on the computing system. The method also includes determining a number of performance-power states for each workload and a corresponding performance range and power consumption range for each performance-power state. The method further includes managing performance and power consumption of the computing system based on the performance-power states.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus includes transmitting/receiving sections, response processing sections, a determining section, and a controller. The transmitting/receiving sections transmit and receive data. The response processing sections correspond to the transmitting/receiving sections in a one-to-one relationship. A state of each response processing section is switchable between a first state and second state. The determining section determines priorities of state transition processes for the response processing sections.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed relating to power reduction during execution of instruction loops. Multiple different power saving modes may be used by a processor, such as a first power saving mode after only a few loop iterations (e.g., 2-3) and a second, deeper power saving mode after a greater number of loop iterations. The first power saving mode may include keeping a branch predictor and/or other structures active, but the second power saving mode may include reducing power to the branch predictor and/or other structures. An observation mode and an instruction capture mode may also be used by a processor prior to entering a power saving mode for loop execution. Power saving modes may also be achieved during execution of complex loops having multiple backward branches (e.g., nested loops).

Abstract: An information handling system includes a power supply coupled to a processor that includes a plurality of cores. A power system controller is coupled to the power supply and the processor. The power system controller may set each of the plurality of cores to a performance state that is below a highest performance state. The power system controller may then determine whether the power supplied from the power supply to the processor during operation is sufficient to operate each of the plurality of cores at the highest performance state. In response to the power being insufficient to operate each of the plurality of cores at the highest performance state, the power system controller may control the plurality of cores such that a subset operate at the highest performance state and the remainder operate at a performance state that is lower than the highest performance state.

Abstract: Interface management techniques provide reduced power consumption along with reducing heat and EMI generation in a computer system having multiple interconnected processing units. Physical link layers of external interfaces that interconnect the processing units have dynamically adjustable bandwidth provided by an adjustable width and adjustable operating frequency. The bandwidths may be dynamically adjusted by predicting interface bandwidth requirements. From a required bandwidth, an active width and an operating frequency for the physical link layers are determined and set. The interface is operated according to the determined width and operating frequency.

Abstract: Devices and methods for power management during media playback are provided. For example, an electronic device according to an embodiment may include storage, a decoder, an output buffer, and data processing circuitry. The storage may store compressed media data that may be decoded by the decoder. The output buffer may store the decoded media data before the decoded media data is played out. The data processing circuitry configured may measure a fullness of the output buffer and may set an operating frequency of the storage, the decoder, the output buffer, or the data processing circuitry, or a combination thereof, depending on a format of the compressed media data and the fullness of the output buffer.

Abstract: A data storage system including memory configured to store content, a host configured to determine time to next data information based on the content stored in the memory, and a data storage device including a controller. The controller can be configured to receive the time to next data information from the host, select a power mode for the data storage device from a plurality of power modes for the data storage device based on the time to next data information, and place the data storage device in the selected power mode. The host can be configured to transmit the time to next data information to the data storage device.

Abstract: Methods and articles of manufacture for hosting a safety critical application on an uncontrolled data processing device are provided. Various combinations of installation, functional, host integrity, coexistence, interoperability, power management, and environment checks are performed at various times to determine if the safety critical application operates properly on the device. The operation of the SCA on the UDPD may be controlled accordingly.

Abstract: Methods and articles of manufacture for hosting a safety critical application on an uncontrolled data processing device are provided. Various combinations of installation, functional, host integrity, coexistence, interoperability, power management, and environment checks are performed at various times to determine if the safety critical application operates properly on the device. The operation of the SCA on the UDPD may be controlled accordingly.

Abstract: An information handling system includes battery packs, loads, and a power management module operable to set an output voltage of a battery pack and direct power from the battery pack to one or more loads. The power management module can direct power from multiple batteries to a load simultaneously. A battery pack includes a converter circuit to convert the voltage provided by battery cells within the battery pack to a voltage set by a power management module.

Abstract: It is difficult appropriately to select only a favorite image in a list display screen of small images such as a thumbnail image. An image processing apparatus is provided that has, in various embodiments, one or more of the features of an indicator for indicating a reduced image to be subjected to a specific image processing among displayed reduced images; a display controller for displaying an image in a size larger than the size of the reduced image indicated by the indicator; and an executor for executing the specific image processing on the stored image after the mentioned display controller displays the image in the size larger than the size of the reduced image.

Abstract: A sensor having a set of grid of bars that are in contact from their bottom at the corners with a set of protrusions that are in contact from above with a plurality of intersections, each having a sensing element, of a grid of wires disposed on a base, and a top surface layer that is disposed atop the grid of bars, so that force imparted from above onto the top surface layer is transmitted to the grid of bars and thence to the protrusions, and thence to the intersections of the grid of wires which are thereby compressed between the base and protrusions; and that the protrusions above thereby focus the imparted force directly onto the intersections. A sensor includes a computer in communication with the grid of wires which causes prompting signals to be sent to the grid of wires and reconstructs a continuous position of force on the surface from interpolation based on data signals received from the grid of wires. A method for sensing.

Abstract: The subject system hardware and methodology combine disparate cameras into a cohesive gesture recognition environment. To render an intended computer, gaming, display, etc. control function, two or more cameras with non-coaxial axes are trained on a space to detect and lock onto an object image regardless of its depth coordinate. Each camera captures one 2D view of the gesture and the plurality of 2D gestures are combined to infer the 3D input.

Abstract: A medical equipment includes a surgical instrument having a movable part to perform medical treatment on a target spot, an actuator configured to operate the movable part, and a detachable interface installed on the surgical instrument and configured to attachably and detachably couple the surgical instrument to the actuator. The detachable interface has an origin return mechanism configured to move the movable part to a predetermined origin position when the surgical instrument is detached from the actuator.

Abstract: A display apparatus including a recognition unit to recognize a gaze of a user, a controller to determine whether the recognized gaze is within a predetermined recognition region and to control entry into an interactive mode upon determining that the recognized gaze is within the predetermined recognition region, and a display unit to display an image corresponding to the interactive mode. A user's gaze is tracked to perform entry into an interactive mode, thereby easily achieving entry into the interactive mode and performing more intuitive interaction. In addition, a multi-modal interactive mode including a combination of face recognition, voice recognition, and gaze recognition is performed, thereby performing a more extended interactive mode and accurately determining a user command. As a result, functions are correctly performed, thereby improving user convenience.