Abstract: The insertion apparatus includes: a linearly-extending insertion section main body, an outer tube covering the outer circumference of the insertion section main body, and an annular band member provided on the outer tube in such a manner as to meander on an imaginary circle on the outer tube whose center is the same as the central axis of the insertion section main body. The annular band member is configured to shrink in the direction along the imaginary circle and thereby secure the outer tube to the insertion section main body.

Abstract: An endoscope includes a bending section being disposed in an insertion section, a plurality of towing members disposed in the insertion section and in an operation section from the bending section, a disk member turnably provided in the operation section and configured to turn to tow and loosen the plurality of towing members, the plurality of towing members being suspended in an outer circumference of the disk member, operation members turnably disposed in the operation section and configured to turn the disk member to bend the bending section, and a turning shaft configured to turnably axially support the disk member and the operation members with respect to the operation section in a position decentered to the distal end side by a predetermined distance d with respect to a center of the disk member in an initial state in which the bending section is linear.

Abstract: By causing a screw receiving portion to protrude from a cord fastening device side of a main frame and by forming the screw receiving portion in a cup-like stepped shape that is recessed from a lower-side chain cover side toward a lower surface side of the main frame, a thickness of a bottom portion of the cup shape in which a screw hole is formed can be formed to be equal to a plate thickness of the main frame. Further, a depth of a concave portion of the screw receiving portion is formed to be a depth such that a distal end portion of a screw to be used does not protrude from the main frame.

Abstract: This endoscope includes an observation optical system capable of changing a magnified observation and a normal observation with each other, and a plurality of illumination optical systems, wherein a most tip side lens surface of at least one of the illumination optical systems is disposed at a position which is closer to a proximal end side than a most tip side lens surface of the observation optical system, and the following conditional expressions are satisfied. 0.03<D_Back(max)/ft<2??(1) 1.05<ft/fw<5??(2) In the expression, D_Back(max) is a maximum value of a distance between the most tip side lens surface and the most tip side lens surface, ft is a focal length in a close-distance magnified observation state, and fw is a focal length in a normal observation state.

Abstract: An endoscope includes an operation section, an insertion section, a first space provided in a distal end portion of the insertion section, a second space sealed against an inner space of a bending portion, a communication passage communicating between the first space and the second space, and an elongated tube member having one end portion coupled with the first space and another end portion provided inside the operation section and having a through hole in a longitudinal direction.

Abstract: There is provided a connector for an endoscope that is easy to grip and is easily connected to a light source device. The connector includes: a light guide part, a wireless communication unit, a wireless power receiving unit, a housing section which houses the wireless communication unit and the wireless power receiving unit and in which the light guide part protrudes from a front surface thereof positioned close to a light source device in a connection posture where the connector is connected to the light source device, and a grip section that includes a concave finger placing portion on which a thumb is placed and which is provided on an upper surface thereof on a central axis of the light guide part in a case in which the grip section is viewed from an upper surface of the connector positioned on a vertically upper side in the connection posture.

Abstract: There is provided a connector for an endoscope that is easy to grip and is easily connected to a light source device. The connector includes: a light guide part; a wireless communication unit; a wireless power receiving unit; a housing section which houses the wireless communication unit and the wireless power receiving unit, and in which the light guide part protrudes from a front surface thereof, an upper surface thereof is a curved surface, and a lower surface thereof is a flat surface; a grip section that has a shape in which a cross-sectional area decreases toward a rear portion from a front portion thereof, and includes a concave finger placing portion which is provided on the upper surface ; and a finger locking portion that is provided between the housing section and the grip section and locks a forefinger on a lower surface of the connector.

Abstract: An adaptor for an endoscopic device includes (a) a cylindrical core extending from a first end to a second end along a central axis and (b) a collar slidably received over the core. The second end includes first and second slots defining first and second arms which radially expandable toward the axis and away from the axis. The second end is sized and dimensioned to engage an end of a first conduit of a biopsy device. The collar extendes from a first end to a second end and being movable from a first position in which the second end of the collar is axially separated from the arms and a second position in which a portion of the collar is positioned over the arms radially compressing the arms to lockingly grasp a free end of a first conduit positioned therebetween to create a fluid-tight seal about the first conduit.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure may include a medical device comprising a flexible elongate member including a longitudinal axis and a tool connected to the elongate member at a pivot axis, wherein the tool may be configured to conduct electricity and deliver a fluid, and wherein the tool may be configured to pivot towards either side of the longitudinal axis relative to the elongate member at the pivot axis.

Abstract: A handheld surgical endoscope has a disposable, single-use handle, cannula and distal tip. The distal tip includes LED illumination and an imaging module that feeds live video to a re-usable display module that connects off-axis to the disposable handle. A rechargeable battery module also attaches to the handle. The cannula includes two lumens for separate fluid in-flow and out-flow channels, as well as providing a working channel through which a surgical implement can be used. Extruded cannula and molded distal tip parts can be separately formed which aids in manufacturing and assembly. The working channel can have a substantially straight proximal access port.

Abstract: A device for performing surgical procedures, such as intracardiac procedures or neurosurgical procedures, includes a solid optical window formed of a transparent, compliant material, wherein the solid optical window includes a proximal side and a distal side, wherein a distal face of the solid optical window is configured to approach tissue during a surgical procedure; an imaging system embedded into the solid optical window and positioned to obtain an image through at least a portion of the distal face of the solid optical window; and a tool channel formed through the solid optical window from the proximal side to the distal side of the solid optical window, wherein the tool channel is configured to receive a tool for performing the surgical procedure.

Abstract: A guiding device is configured to guide a capsule medical device within a subject by means of a magnetic field. The guiding device includes a magnetic field generating unit configured to generate the magnetic field to define a specific position where the capsule medical device is restrained on an arbitrary horizontal plane, a position detecting unit configured to detect a position of the capsule medical device in the subject to output positional information, and a control unit configured to: compare a distance between the specific position and the capsule medical device with a first threshold value based on the positional information; and control the magnetic field generating unit to change distribution of the magnetic field relative to the capsule medical device so as to bring the specific position close to a position of the capsule medical device when the distance is determined to be greater than the first threshold value.

Abstract: A solid-state image pickup apparatus includes an image pickup device electrically connected to a flexible printed board, a rigid board electrically connected to an image pickup device via the flexible printed board, and a signal cable incorporating a plurality of coaxial lines. The rigid board includes a first surface including a core-wire connecting section to which core wires of the coaxial lines are connected and a second surface including an external-conductor connecting section to which external conductors of the coaxial lines are connected and including a step having a height dimension substantially the same as a dimension difference between an outer diameter section of the core wires and an outer diameter section of the external conductors of the coaxial lines substantially parallel to the first surface. The plurality of coaxial lines are connected substantially in parallel to the first and second surfaces of the rigid board.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention may be used to perform measurement of surfaces, such as external and internal surfaces of the human body, in full-field and in 3-D. Embodiments of the present invention may include an electromagnetic radiation source, which may be configured to project electromagnetic radiation onto a surface. The electromagnetic radiation source may be configured to project the electromagnetic radiation in a pattern corresponding to a spatial signal modulation algorithm. The electromagnetic radiation source may also be configured to project the electromagnetic radiation at a frequency suitable for transmission through the media in which the radiation is projected. An image sensor may be configured to capture image data representing the projected pattern.

Abstract: A light source apparatus includes at least one light-emitter, a driving circuit, an input unit, a temperature control circuit, and an effective light power setting circuit. The driving circuit allows the light-emitter to emit light by applying a driving waveform to the light-emitter. The effective light power setting circuit drives the driving circuit to allow the light-emitter to emit light with a predetermined effective light power, in accordance with a driving condition set by the temperature control circuit. The temperature control circuit controls the light-emitter to be in a predetermined heat generation state by increasing or decreasing a heat generation amount of the light-emitter without changing the predetermined effective light power of the light emitted from the light-emitter by adjusting the driving condition of the light-emitter.

Abstract: A scanning endoscope includes: an optical fiber that emits an illuminating light from a distal end; an actuator that causes a distal end of the optical fiber to oscillate; a fixing block that fixes the optical fiber; and a propagation portion that is provided in close contact with an outer circumferential face of a cladding of the optical fiber at a position on the distal end side relative to the fixing block, and on which, among the illuminating light, light that reaches the outer circumferential face of the cladding is incident and is propagated or absorbed inside the propagation portion.

Abstract: The invention relates to medical devices for carrying out internal examination, such as laryngoscopes. The laryngoscope is provided with a camera element within a channel inside the blade.

Abstract: A method for providing a reference level for an eye-opening width, the eye-opening width representing an instantaneously detected distance between the eyelids of an eye, the method having an ascertainment step, in which the reference level is ascertained using values of the eye-opening width, where the eye-opening width is greater than a limiting value.

Abstract: A macular health measurement and storage system comprises a plurality of macular-pigment measurement machine for measuring macular pigment density in humans, a plurality of computers each of which is associated with a corresponding one the macular-pigment measuring machines, and a central host. The plurality of macular-pigment measurement machines include a device for receiving macular pigment data from a patient, at least one data transfer port, and at least one processor that enables the transfer of the macular pigment data from the transfer port. The plurality of computers include a first port coupled to the data transfer port of the corresponding macular-pigment measurement machine for receiving the macular pigment data. Each of the computers includes a second port for transferring patient data. The central host is coupled to the second ports on each of the plurality of computers. The central host includes a storage device for storing the patient data.

Abstract: Improvements to user interfaces for ophthalmic imaging systems, in particular Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) systems are described to improve how diagnostic data are displayed, analyzed and presented to the user. The improvements include user customization of display and reports, protocol driven work flow, bookmarking of particular B-scans, accessing information from a reference library, customized normative databases, and ordering of follow-up scans directly from a review screen. A further aspect is the ability to optimize the contrast and quality of displayed B-scans using a single control parameter. Virtual real time z-tracking is described that maintains displayed data in the same depth location regardless of motion.

Abstract: A diagnosis support apparatus comprises an acquiring unit that acquires a plurality of examination data items having different examination dates, a setting unit that sets an extraction condition for examination data items, an extracting unit that extracts, from the plurality of acquired examination data items, examination data items corresponding to the set extraction condition, and a displaying unit that arranges and displays the extracted examination data items, wherein the setting unit sets the extraction condition based on an interval between examination dates of examination data items.

Abstract: There is a need for robust and portable system, and apparatus for ophthalmology. We propose use of folding apparatus for ocular purposes for the first time. Our system will have a chin-rest (or face-rest or forehead rest) that can be folded so that the ocular device could be transported in a brief-case type casing.

Abstract: Exemplary apparatus, arrangement and method can be provided for obtaining information associated with an anatomical structure or a sample using optical microscopy. For example, a light radiation can be separated into first light radiation(s) directed to an anatomical sample and second light radiation directed to a reference. A wavelength of the radiation can vary over time, and the wavelength can be shorter than approximately 1150 nm. An interference can be detected between third and fourth radiations associated with the first and second radiations and fourth radiation, respectively. At least one image corresponding to portion(s) of the sample can be generated using data associated with the interference. In addition, source(s) can be provided which can be configured to provide an electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength that varies over time.

Abstract: An optical coherence tomography device includes: an OCT optical system configured to obtain a OCT signal; a front observation optical system configured to obtain a front image of the test substance; and a controller is configured to: control the OCT optical system to obtain first temporally different OCT signals with respect to the test substance; control the front observation optical system to obtain a first front image of the test substance at the time the first OCT signals are obtained; control the front observation optical system to obtain a second front image of the test substance after that; determine whether or not the plurality of first OCT signals are good based on a positional deviation between the first and second front images; and obtain motion contrast data of the test substance when it is determined that the plurality of first OCT signals are good.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging system having a wide field of view and comprising a handheld imaging probe. The handheld imaging probe can comprise a first imaging module and an OCT imaging module. The first imaging module can have a first illumination path and a separated first imaging path. The first imaging module can comprise an optical window configured to be in contact with a sample. The OCT imaging module can comprise a scanning MEMS mirror and a beam splitting dichroic mirror. The OCT imaging system can comprise at least one polarization maintaining fiber to reduce motion effect to stabilize and increase the OCT image quality. The handheld imaging probe can further comprise one or more lenses achromatized for optical dispersion for the light beams within a wavelength range of an OCT light source and for a field of view of the OCT imaging module.

Abstract: An adapter configured to engage with a hand held computer device to allow a camera on the hand held computer device to take a high quality image of an eye. The adapter allows for high quality imaging of the anterior portion of the eye and the posterior portion of the eye. The adapter can include additional modular components such as an optical pathway enclosure and a beamsplitter module.

Abstract: There is a need for robust and portable system, apparatus and method for imaging subsurface of specimens. We have described a modular OCDR-OCT system and OFDR-OCT system to obtain high quality images. The instant application also discusses proprietary algorithms that have been modified from existing algorithms and their use as a combination to suit a particular system. The imaging of stationary, moving and combination of both subsurface structures such as retina for diabetic patients is described.

Abstract: A system for detecting cardiopulmonary abnormality includes a mobile device and a processing device. The mobile device is capable of acquiring current cardiopulmonary data associated with current cardiopulmonary sounds from a user. The processing device is located remotely of and communicatively associated with the mobile device, receives the current cardiopulmonary data from the mobile device, determines whether the current cardiopulmonary data is associated with abnormal cardiopulmonary sounds, and transmits in real-time a message indicating cardiopulmonary abnormality to the mobile device upon determining that the current cardiopulmonary data is associated with abnormal cardiopulmonary sounds.

Abstract: An electronic device is provided. The electronic device includes a sensor related to measurement of biometric information, at least one module that performs a specific function, a memory that stores an instruction related to operations of the sensor and the module, and at least one processor electrically connected to the sensor, the at least one module, and the memory to execute the instruction. When acquiring an event related to initiation of the measurement of the biometric information, the processor may deactivate at least one function of a module, or execute an instruction such that the deactivation state is maintained or the operating mode (for example, a low power mode) of the electronic device is changed.

Abstract: A handheld diabetes management device for managing blood glucose test data and continuous glucose monitoring data includes a port configured to receive a test strip, a wireless transceiver, a communications processor, and a user interface processor. The communications processor communicates with the wireless transceiver to periodically collect glucose measurement data from a continuous glucose monitoring device and to store the glucose measurement data in a first data storage module. The communications processor is operable to consume electrical power at a first rate. The user interface processor communicates with the communication processor to receive the glucose measurement data and operable to display the glucose measurement data on the device. The communications processor operates asynchronously from operation of the user interface processor to collect the glucose measurement data and the user interface processor operates to consume electrical power at a second rate that is higher than the first rate.

Abstract: An architecture relating to a set-top box for monitoring telehealth and biometric sensors. A subject patient is associated with telehealth and biometric sensors which measure the subject patient's vital signs and other health related attributes. In one aspect, the system includes a set-top box for continuously gathering biometric and telehealth sensor data. The set-top box includes a sensor interface for interfacing with the sensors and supports wireless and wired connections to the sensors. The system additionally may include a system management station for providing feedback to the subject patient.

Abstract: Disclosed are an apparatus and method for imaging electrical properties of brain tissues including conductivity and permittivity using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signals. Electrical properties images for conductivity and permittivity of brain tissues may be obtained with high spatial resolution and high accuracy, without using a derivative which significantly amplifies noise in an MRI image, by calculating water content based on a ratio of MRI signals, calculating electrical properties from the calculated water content, and acquiring an electrical properties image for the calculated electrical properties.

Abstract: In a method for operating a medical imaging apparatus of a medical imaging system during a medical imaging examination, wherein the medical imaging system includes the medical imaging apparatus, which has a scanner for the acquisition of medical image data and which is arranged within an examination area, and a system-control unit, which has an operation-control module and which is arranged within a control area, the medical imaging system comprises a user interface, which is arranged within the examination area, wherein an output of information and/or suggestions and/or an input of parameters and/or information for operating the medical imaging apparatus during an implementation of the medical imaging examination ensues via the user interface.

Abstract: This shear wave imaging method, for collecting information on a target region (R) of a soft solid (S), comprises at fi least the steps a) of generating at least one shear wave (SW) in the target region, and b) of detecting a propagation pattern of the shear wave in the target region. Step a) is realized by applying to particles of the target region (R) some Lorentz forces resulting from an electric field (E) and from a magnetic field (B). At least one of the electric field (E) and the magnetic field (B) is variable in time, with a central frequency (fo) between 1 Hz and 10 kHz. Alternatively, both the electric and magnetic fields (E, B) are variable in time, with a central difference frequency (?fo) between 1 Hz and 10 kHz. The shear wave imaging installation comprises a first system (4, 7) for generating at least one shear wave (SW) in the target region (R) and a second system (10) for detecting a propagation pattern of the shear wave.

Abstract: A photodetection unit includes a substrate, a light emitting part that outputs light to an object, and a light receiving part attached to the substrate and receiving light from the object, wherein a hole part is provided in the substrate, and the light emitting part is attached to the hole part of the substrate.

Abstract: A functional optical coherent imaging (fOCI) platform includes at least one active camera unit (ACU) having a coherent and/or a partially coherent light source, and means for spectral filtering and imaging a selected body area of interest; an image processing unit (IPU) for pre-processing data received from an ACU; at least one stimulation unit (STU) transmitting a stimulation to a subject; at least one body function reference measurement unit (BFMU); a central clock and processing unit (CCU), with interconnections to the ACU, the IPU, the STU, for collecting pre-processed data from the IPU, stimuli from the STU body function reference data from the BFMU in a synchronized manner; a post-processing unit (statistical analysis unit, SAU); and an operator interface (HOD.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for assessing and correcting phase variations and motion artifacts in a coherent tomogram of a sample. Coherent techniques are used scan a broadband optical beam across a sample in a specified scan pattern and to acquire a cube of complex data constituting a full tomogram. Generalized motion of the sample is then quantified based at least on a phase variation measured during the course of scanning the broadband optical beam in the specified scan pattern. Generalized motion includes both actual motion and apparent motion due to organized variation of some physical parameter such as temperature. Intensity structure of speckle imaged during the course of coherently acquiring the full tomograpm may be used to correct for motion of the sample in a plane transverse to a depth axis along the incident beam.

Abstract: A self-inspection device which includes: a belt; an elbow attachment, where said elbow attachment is positioned at the center of the belt; a telescoping post extending at a vertical angle from the elbow connector; and a mirror, wherein said mirror is attached to the telescoping post. The self-inspection device may further include a pivoting connector, where pivoting connector connects the mirror to the telescoping post. The present invention also relates to a method for self inspection of the genital and rectum areas of a user comprising: wrapping a belt around a waist of a user; positioning a mirror between the legs of the user; and pivoting the mirror to view the genital and rectum areas of the user.

Abstract: An in vivo and insitu diagnostic and light therapeutic tool for the Pap test having a cavity fitting housing with an optical and digital magnification path coupled to image detecting sensor logic. The tool has an optical scraper stem mechanically controlled and extendable from within the housing, the stem having at least one fiber optical channel for selected frequency and wavelength light various light sources, an optical scraper slide component optically coupled to the scraper fiber optic channel stem distal end, channeling light from the housing to the scraper slide normal axis surface for illumination penetrating a specimen sample for optical imaging into an optical microscopy magnification path axis whereby micrograph image from in vivo Pap tests can be accomplished and resulting image micrographs programmatically identified and verified in situ in real-time.

Abstract: A fever detecting wrist band device comprises a flexible band and a fever detection device attached to the flexible band. The fever detection device comprises a thermochromic liquid crystal (TLC) material, which can change colors corresponding to a set of temperature ranges, encased in a transparent casing. The transparent casing has a thin bottom section to allow the TLC material to gather body heat when the wrist band is worn by a user and the bottom section comes in contact with the skin of the user. The transparent casing also insulates the TLC material from all sides which are not in contact with the skin of the user so that surrounding temperature of a user does not affect the color change of the TLC material. When the user wears the fever detecting wrist band device, the TLC material might change color indicating a higher body temperature of the user which in turn could indicate that either the user has a fever or the user might have a fever soon if not treated immediately.

Abstract: A measuring device (10) has at least one sensor (16, 18), which can be applied to the skin surface (12) of a patient for detecting a measured value with the sensor (16, 18). The device (10) has two contact surfaces (20, 22) on an underside (24), which is intended for being in contact with the skin surface (12) of the patient. A current detecting (32, 34), detects a measuring current (30) resulting from a particular effective electric resistance between the contact surfaces (20, 22). A method for operating such a measuring device (10) and a system with such a measuring device (10) are also provided.

Abstract: A sensing system includes a sensor including a flexible substrate and a graphene oxide sensing element deposited on the flexible substrate. The graphene oxide sensing element has first and second sides. First and second electrical connectors coupled to the first and second sides of the graphene oxide sensing element, respectively. A power source is coupled to the first and second electrical connectors of the sensor and is adapted to apply a constant voltage to the sensor. The sensing system also includes a measurement element measuring a current in the graphene oxide sensing element due to the constant voltage and a calculation element calculating an electrical resistance of the graphene oxide sensing element based on the electrical current and the constant voltage and calculating a condition at a location of the sensor based on a relationship between the electrical resistance and the condition for the graphene oxide sensing element.

Abstract: The object of the invention is a passive planar thermo-optical structure for detection of a region of changed temperature on patient's skin, comprising a thermoactive dye. The thermo-optical structure according to the invention has a layered structure comprising a transparent film layer (102), a thermochromic layer (103), a securing layer (105), an adhesive layer (106), and a protective layer (107). At least a portion of surface of the transparent layer (102) forms a screen (102a). At least one dye in the thermochromic layer is characterised in that above a temperature threshold having value within the range of 31° C. to 37° C. it adopts the first colour and keeps it in a temperature range greater than or equal to 0.6° C., and the width of the temperature range, in which the colour is indefinite, is smaller than 0.3° C. Further, the object of the invention is an application of the thermo-optical detector according to any of claims 1 to 20 for the evaluation of the extent of skin allergic reaction.

Abstract: Embodiments include a system for displays cardiovascular information for a patient. The system may include at least one computer system configured to receive patient-specific data regarding a geometry of the patient's heart and create a model representing at least a portion of the patient's heart based on the patient-specific data. The computer system may determine at least one value of the blood flow characteristic within the patient's heart based on the model. The computer system may also display a report comprising a representation of at least one artery corresponding to at least a portion the model, and display one or more indicators of the value of the blood flow characteristic on a corresponding portion of the at least one artery.

Abstract: Methods, systems and apparatus for monitoring equivalent inner diameter of arteriole-like blood vessels and related cardiovascular parameters, where by measuring a time difference between signals from larger blood vessels, like arteries (excluding arterioles), and smaller blood vessels, similar to arterioles by their physiologic properties, also taking concurrent heart rate value into account. In case the signal from larger blood vessels is measured geometrically relatively far from such a signal from smaller, arteriole-like blood vessels, said measured time difference may be evaluated by several ways in order to separate a PWTT component of time differences, obtained from said measured signals, from transient time component, including information about changes of diameter in arteriole-like vessels. It also may be effective defining more correctly the role of blood viscosity in monitored vascular condition of patient.

Abstract: An embodiment of the disclosure provides a method for measuring change in blood volume using a transcutaneous measurement system applied to a patient's skin. The method involves placing a sensor in contact with the skin of a patient, where the sensor includes a light emitter and a photodetector. An intensity of light emanating from the light emitter is set and an initial intensity of light received at the photodetector is determined, where the light received at the photodetector has traveled through the patient's tissue. A later determination is then made of the intensity of the light received at the photodetector. A change in the blood volume is determined based on the intensity of the light emanating from the light emitter, the initial intensity of light received at the photodetector and the final intensity of light received at the photodetector.

Abstract: Adaptive attachments used in combination with a blood pressure cuff enable various blood pressure measurements to be taken in a hospital or other setting having various single and/or dual lumen manual or electronic blood pressure measuring equipment with a single, patient-worn cuff.

Abstract: Methods, devices, and systems for monitoring heart rate variability (HRV). The HRV monitoring systems and devices are adapted to give immediate feedback to the subject concerning their current condition and any pertinent changes in their condition. The HRV monitoring systems and devices detect, analyze, and assess HRV against a pre-determined application or user need. They also have the ability to provide real time notifications based on the system's assessment of a user's heart HRV and changes in the HRV.

Abstract: Disclosed embodiments pertain to the measurement of heart rate in the presence of motion and noise. Spectral peaks in measurements by an optical sensor are compared with spectral peaks obtained from a motion sensor signal measurements, to obtain a fundamental frequency in the optical sensor signal, where the fundamental frequency is associated with a user's heart rate. A first heart rate may be estimated based on the fundamental frequency. A variety of quality metrics may be determined for the first heart rate estimate. A second estimated heart rate may be determined based by processing a frequency domain representation of the optical sensor signal based on a frequency domain representation of the motion sensor signal. One or more of the previously determined quality metrics may be dynamically adjusted based on a comparison of first and second estimated heart rates.

Abstract: A biocompatible, implantable electrode for electrically active medical devices. The implantable medical electrode has a surface geometry which optimizes the electrical performance of the electrode, while mitigating the undesirable effects associated with prior art porous surfaces. The electrode has an optimized surface topography for improved electrical performance. Such a electrode is suitable for devices which may be permanently implanted in the human body as stimulation electrodes, such as pacemakers, or as sensors of medical conditions. Such is achieved by the application of ultrafast high energy pulses to the surface of a solid, monolithic electrode material for the purpose of increasing the surface area and thereby decreasing its after-potential polarization. In addition, the electrode material comprises a biocompatible metal having a minimal or eliminated amount of metal oxides which are detrimental to electrode performance.