Abstract: Disclosed is a composite gypsum board comprising a board core and a concentrated layer of substantial thickness (e.g., at least about 0.02 inches). The concentrated layer includes a higher weight percentage of an enhancing additive than the board core. The board core has a thickness greater than the thickness of the concentrated layer and forms the bulk of the board volume. The concentrated layer has a higher density (e.g., at least about 1.1 times greater) than the density of the board core. Also disclosed is a method of preparing a composite gypsum board.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a flexible metal laminate including: a porous polyimide resin layer including 30 wt % to 95 wt % of a polyimide resin; and 5 to 70 wt % of a hollow fluorinated resin having a mean outer diameter of 0.1 ?m to 10.0 ?m.

Abstract: A non-oriented electrical steel sheet composition, a manufacturing method of the non-oriented electrical steel sheet product, and a non-oriented electrical steel sheet product are provided, and the non-oriented electrical steel sheet composition includes a first composition including a soluble epoxy resin and an inorganic nanoparticle of SiO2, TiO2, ZnO, or combinations thereof, and an inorganic additive of phosphoric acid (H3PO4), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), or a combination thereof, wherein the inorganic nanoparticle is substituted in a terminal substituent group of the soluble epoxy resin, and the epoxy resin is a multifunctional epoxy resin in which there are three or more epoxy groups.

Abstract: A laminated glazing used as a head-up display screen includes two sheets of glass and a viscoelastic plastic interlayer arranged between the sheets of glass. The interlayer includes at least one layer made of viscoelastic plastic with vibro-acoustic damping properties. The interlayer has a cross section that decreases in a wedge shape from the top to the bottom of the glazing. A resonant frequency f2 of the second resonance mode of a laminated glazing bar with a surface area of 25 mm×300 mm composed of two glass sheets each 2.1 mm thick, between which is incorporated the interlayer, determined by measuring the mechanical impedance (MIM) at 20° C. according to standard ISO 16940, is between 760 Hz and 1000 Hz and the loss factor ?2 of the second resonance mode of the same bar, determined by MIM under the same conditions, is greater than or equal to 0.25.

Abstract: Provided is a resin film that can be firmly adhered to fabric materials formed of chemical/synthetic fibers and natural fibers such as Japanese paper, nonwoven fabrics, textiles, and tatami-matting, and that has extremely low moisture permeability and oxygen permeability for enabling the fabric material to be suitable as excellent automobile interior materials, railroad vehicle interior materials, members for housings, and household appliance members. More specifically, the present invention is a resin film (10) including: a melt-adhesion filling layer (12) formed of an olefin based resin that contains a modified polyolefin resin and has a melt flow rate (MFR: test condition being 170° C. under a load of 2.16 kg) higher than 0.5 g/10 min but lower than 54.0 g/10 min; and a functional layer (14) formed of a thermoplastic resin and laminated on a surface of the melt-adhesion filling layer (12).

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a composite sandwich panel that includes a first face portion with fully consolidated comingled first fibers and a first thermoplastic matrix. The composite sandwich panel also includes a second face portion with fully consolidated comingled second fibers and a second thermoplastic matrix. Additionally, the composite sandwich panel includes at least one core portion with partially consolidated comingled third fibers and a third thermoplastic matrix. The at least one core portion is interposed between the first and second face portions. The first thermoplastic matrix is melded with the third thermoplastic matrix and the second thermoplastic matrix is melded with the third thermoplastic. A density of the fibers across a thickness of the composite panel is non-uniform.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a layered tile comprising a mutually connected ceramic tile and a concrete body, the method comprising the steps of applying an organic primer to a first surface of the ceramic tile, optionally positioning the ceramic tile in a mold, exposing the first surface, applying a concrete mixture on top of the tile's first surface, pre-hardening the concrete mixture for obtaining a green product, removing the product from the mold, and fully hardening the concrete for obtaining the layered tile.

Abstract: A thermal insulation wallboard including a thermal insulation board, a first hardened resin layer, a first alkali-resistant glass cloth, a second hardened resin layer, a third hardened resin layer, a second alkali-resistant glass cloth, a fourth hardened resin layer and waterproof interface layers. The first hardened resin layer is arranged on one side of the thermal insulation board. The first alkali-resistant glass cloth is arranged on the external part of the first hardened resin layer. The second hardened resin layer is arranged on the external part of the first alkali-resistant glass cloth. The third hardened resin layer is arranged on the other side of the thermal insulation board. The second alkali-resistant glass cloth is arranged on the external part of the third hardened resin layer. The fourth hardened resin layer is arranged on the external part of the second alkali-resistant glass cloth.

Abstract: There is a description of disposable plastic or paper product with protective marking element , which is formed from marking tape (2), which from one side is fastened over the sticky layer (11) to a disposable product (1) and on the other side of the marking tape (2) is the colour indicator (3) applied.

Abstract: A thermo-compression bonding tool with a high temperature elastic element, and methods of bonding a metal sheet to a substrate using a thermo-compression bonding tool are described. In an example, a system for bonding a metal sheet to a substrate includes a stage to support the substrate and an elastic roller located above the stage. The elastic roller includes a high temperature material. The system also includes a heated backing plate located above the elastic roller. The backing plate is configured to apply pressure and heat to the elastic roller as the elastic roller rolls across a metal sheet disposed above the substrate.

Abstract: A method of making patterned structured solid surfaces is disclosed that includes filling a structured template with backfill material to produce a structured transfer film, patternwise curing the backfill material to produce cured areas and uncured areas in the structured transfer film, and laminating the structured transfer film to a receptor substrate. The structured template is capable of being removed to form structured and unstructured backfill layers. The structured and unstructured backfill layers may then be blanket cured. The backfill layer can include at least two different materials, one of which can be an adhesion promotion layer. In some embodiments the backfill layer includes a silsesquioxane such as polyvinyl silsesquioxane. The structured transfer film is a stable intermediate that can be covered temporarily with a release liner for storage and handling.

Abstract: Methods of creating thick composite structures are provided. The methods may be applied to two or more prepreg structures of composite materials to form laminate structures that are thicker than approximately five (5) inches without excessive exothermic events resulting in inconsistent cure and high residual stresses. The method may include heating a first sheet to achieve a specified increase in resin viscosity. In response to achieving the specified resin viscosity, a second portion of composite material may be applied to the first portion. The assembly may be heated to create a laminate structure which is chemically bonded with no interface.

Abstract: A method of forming a sandwich composite structure by placing a core under a compressive force or a tensile force and applying a first layer to a first surface of the core. The core and first layer are then heated. The compressive or tensile force is then released, allowing the composite structure to take shape.

Abstract: A method for bonding infrared transmitting glasses into an optical element without interlayer voids by stacking at least two different infrared transmitting glasses inside a vessel where each glass has a different refractive index, a different dispersion, or both, and where the glasses all have similar viscosities, thermal expansion coefficients, and glass transition temperatures; placing a weight on top of the stack; applying a vacuum to the vessel; applying an isostatic pressure of at least 1500 psi; and after releasing the isostatic pressure, annealing at a temperature within 10° C. of the glass transition temperature at a pressure between 0 and 1000 psi. Applying the vacuum, applying the isostatic pressure, and annealing are done sequentially and with no intermediate transitions to ambient temperature or pressure. Also disclosed is the related optical element made by this method.

Abstract: In a method for producing a component from a fiber-reinforced composite material, a semifinished product, containing reinforcing fibers, is disposed on a support surface. The semifinished product is covered with a film, draped, in at least one portion, such that at least one fold, extending from the support surface, is produced. A sealing tape is applied along an open edge of the fold, to seal off a space, defined by the support surface and the film, from the ambient atmosphere, in the region of the fold, such that two mutually opposite fold walls are formed partly by the film and partly by the sealing tape. A clip is applied over the fold such that the clip applies a clamping force, which presses the mutually opposite fold walls of the fold against each other. A vacuum is generated in the space defined by the support surface and the film.

Abstract: A method and system for connecting a plurality of materials using pressure and curing is disclosed. The method provides for: a) receiving the plurality of materials on the vacuum conveyor; b) conveying the received plurality of materials from the first location to a second location along the vacuum conveyor; c) applying a predetermined vacuum pressure; and d) curing the compressed plurality of materials. The system comprises a vacuum conveyor for receiving the plurality of materials at a first location, a moving belt adaptively positioned above the vacuum conveyor at a second location and the vacuum conveyor and the moving belt are arranged to be driven in a predetermined relation to one another, a vacuum pressure source for applying a predetermined vacuum pressure creating a force compressing the plurality of materials; and a curing source at a second location for curing the compressed plurality of materials.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an electronic device including a substrate, including assembling the substrate, by a joining zone of a first face of the substrate, with a joining zone of a first face of a carrier, and disjoining the substrate relatively to the carrier. After the step of assembling, the method includes formation of a film on the substrate, the film being configured to adhere to an adhesion zone of a second face of the substrate opposite the first face of the substrate, the adhesive force between the film and the adhesion zone of the second face of the substrate being chosen greater than the joining force between the joining zone of the carrier and the joining zone of the first face of the substrate. A traction on the film has a force of traction configured to overcome the joining force without overcoming the adhesive force.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to the art of floor coverings, and, more particularly to an apparatus for use in securing floor covering units to an underlay and a method of manufacturing said floor covering units and said underlay. More particularly, the present invention relates to an apparatus, method, and method of manufacturing magnetized floor covering units and magnetized underlays for securing magnetized floor covering units.

Abstract: A method for producing a floorboard having a topside veneer includes forming a multilayer body which includes a starting carrier plate, a plurality of veneers placed on the starting carrier plate so that a gap is formed between neighboring ones of the veneers, a resin layer comprising a resin provided between the starting carrier plate and the veneers, and a balancing layer arranged on a bottom side of the starting carrier plate; joining the starting carrier plate, the resin layer, the veneers and the balancing layer by pressing the multilayer body in a press; separating the multilayer body into individual boards between the neighboring veneers in a region of the gap; profiling the individual boards at side borders of the boards; and providing the individual boards with joining means.

Abstract: A composite structure such as a stringer is produced by laying up composite charges at a layup station, spooling the charges onto a roll and transporting the roll to a forming station where the charges are unrolled and formed into individual components of the stringer. The components are then transferred to an assembly station where they are assembled together and vacuum bagged in preparation for curing.

Abstract: The invention pertains to the use of sophisticated chemical formulation and spectroscopic design methods to select taggants compatible with the 3D print medium that are easily detected spectroscopically but otherwise compatible with the product, structural integrity and stability, and aesthetics. A spectral pattern employs a different chemical or combination of chemicals to alter the formulation of all or some portion of the printed object so that its authenticity can be monitored later using a spectrometer.

Abstract: A method for on-line printing onto water-soluble film on-line with water-soluble detergent pouch process.

Abstract: A lettering apparatus and a lettering method for a beer barrel are provided. The lettering apparatus includes a worktable, a hydraulic push device installed on the worktable, a first lettering device, and a second lettering device. The second lettering device includes a rotatory disk seat with the Z-axis as its axis. The rotatory disk seat is adapted to install a cask thereon. A circumferential surface of the rotatory disk seat is provided with an inner mold for lettering on an inner side of the cask. The first lettering device includes a connecting frame. The connecting frame is movable linearly along the Y-axis. The connecting frame is provided with an outer mold for lettering on an outer side of the cask. The hydraulic push device controls the outer mold of the connecting frame to move linearly along the X-axis for the outer mold and the inner mold to letter on a side wall of the cask.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a device for producing printed products comprising an arrangement of cooperating rollers that are arranged parallel to one another, wherein at least the gap width between the rollers of one roller pair is adjustable. For this purpose, one roller of the pair is pivotably mounted by means of a pivot arm, wherein a driver arranged on the pivot arm displaces a linearly movable reference element by means of a sliding block guide such that the position of this reference element corresponds to the adjusted gap width. The sliding block guide is preferably realized in such a way that the gap width and the position of the reference element are proportionally correlated.

Abstract: A transfer-type ink jet recording apparatus including an intermediate image forming unit for applying an ink containing a resin to an intermediate transfer member to form an intermediate image and a transfer unit for transferring the intermediate image to a recording medium. The apparatus further includes a heating unit for heating the intermediate image to a temperature equal to or higher than the minimum film forming temperature of the resin and a cooling unit for cooling the intermediate image heated by the heating unit to a temperature lower than the glass transition temperature of the resin to supply the image to the transfer unit.

Abstract: A position deviation order detection method according to the invention calculates a difference between input image data of an original image used for printing an image using an inkjet printer and output image data acquired by reading the image using a scanner for each pixel, and compares the calculated difference with a first threshold value to extract pixels for which the difference is equal to or larger than the first threshold value, and detects the size of a position deviation of the image by the number of pixels of a closed pixel group among the extracted pixels.

Abstract: The flow path resistances of ink feeding holes (51, 52) of this pressure-type inkjet head (21) differ from each other. When ink is not being discharged, a driver circuit (46) generates a driving signal for circulating ink, which differs from a driving signal for discharging ink, and applies the driving signal for circulating ink to an actuator (32). The actuator (32) causes the flow rate of ink flowing from the respective ink feeding holes (51, 52) to differ between when ink is being drawn into a pressure chamber (31a) and when ink is being discharged from the pressure chamber (31a) and circulates the ink within the pressure chamber (31a) by being driven on the basis of the driving signal for circulating ink.

Abstract: A liquid jetting device comprising a plurality of ejection units each of which is arranged to eject a droplet of a liquid and comprises a nozzle, a liquid duct connected to the nozzle and an electro-mechanical transducer arranged to create an acoustic pressure wave in the liquid in the duct, the device further comprising an electronic control system arranged to receive a pressure signal from at least one of the transducers and to generate a transducer control signal on the basis of the received pressure signal and to control the transducers of said plurality of ejection units to operate in a mode of operation selected from a variety of different modes of operation, wherein the control system is arranged to detect an acoustic property of the liquid of the basis of the received pressure signal and to select the mode of operation in accordance with the detected property, the control system being arranged to deliver transducer control signals to the transducers, which control signals are derived from a common bas

Abstract: A droplet ejection apparatus includes, a droplet ejection head, wherein the droplet ejection head includes a nozzle communicated with a pressure chamber, a first piezoelectric element configured to pressure liquid in the pressure chamber so as to cause a droplet to be ejected, and a second piezoelectric element capable of pressuring the liquid in the pressure chamber, a first drive waveform generation unit configured to generate a first drive waveform to be applied to the first piezoelectric element, a second drive waveform generation unit configured to generate a second drive waveform to be applied to the second piezoelectric element, and a control unit configured to apply the second drive waveform to the second piezoelectric element after the first piezoelectric element is driven due to the applied first drive waveform. Residual vibration of the liquid in the pressure chamber is suppressed by a vibration caused by the second piezoelectric element.

Abstract: A liquid ejection head substrate includes a heating resistor array including a plurality of heating resistors and a protective film covering at least one of the heating resistors. The liquid ejection head substrate further includes a supply opening array and an electrode. The supply opening array is disposed on a side of a surface of the liquid ejection head substrate on which the protective film is provided. The supply opening array includes a plurality of supply openings through which a liquid is supplied arranged in a direction along the heating resistor array. The electrode is disposed on the side of the surface in a space between the supply openings adjacent to each other in a direction along the supply opening array. The electrode is configured such that a voltage is applied between the electrode and the protective film.

Abstract: A liquid droplet ejecting apparatus includes a liquid container including an upper opening for receiving liquid and a lower opening for supplying the liquid, the upper opening being larger than the lower opening, and a liquid ejection chip that is fixed to a lower surface of the liquid container, and includes a pressure chamber formed therein, a nozzle to eject liquid from the pressure chamber, and an actuator disposed adjacent to the nozzle. An opening of the pressure chamber is in fluid communication with the lower opening and is entirely included in an area of the lower opening.

Abstract: Performed are a non-through hole forming step of partitioning a supply path forming region of a second surface into a first region corresponding to a forming position of a beam, a second region located adjacent to the first region on both sides thereof, and a third region that is none of the first region and the second region, and forming a plurality of non-through holes in the second region and the third region, and an etching step of subjecting a silicon substrate to anisotropic etching from the second surface, to thereby form the supply path and the beam in the supply path. In the non-through hole forming step, at least one of an interval or a depth of the non-through holes is caused to differ in the second region and the third region, to thereby control the shape and dimension of the beam to be formed in the etching step.

Abstract: A printing material supply system 10 includes a printer 50 equipped with a holder 600 and cartridges 20 that are detachably attached to the holder 600. The holder 600 has a first apparatus-side locking element 810 and a lever 800. The first apparatus-side locking element 810 is formed as part of the lever 800. The cartridge 20 has a first cartridge-side locking element 210 that includes a first locking surface 211 to engage with the first apparatus-side locking element 810. The first cartridge-side locking element 210 has an extended surface 219 that prevents a negative Z-axis end 818 of the lever 800 from running on the first locking surface 211.

Abstract: In one example implementation, a printhead assembly includes a fluid intake section, a fluid interconnect integrated with the fluid intake section to receive fluid from an ink supply assembly, and an air-permeable, fluid-resistant, fluid interconnect cover installed over the fluid interconnect.

Abstract: There is provided a liquid consuming apparatus including a casing, a liquid consuming section, and a tank. The tank includes a box-shaped body having a light-transmitting property and having five walls and a partition wall; a film adhered to rear end portions of the walls; and a positioning section disposed at least on an outer surface of each of the upper and lower walls, or of each of the right and left walls. In a state that the liquid consuming apparatus is placed on a horizontal plane, the box-shaped body is positioned at a posture at which the positioning section is brought into contact with the casing to thereby allow the front wall to be exposed from a side surface of the casing which extends in a direction crossing the horizontal plane, and at which the rear end portions are located inside the casing.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a fluid level sensor includes a sensor plate and a current source. The fluid level sensor also includes an algorithm to bias the current source such that current applied to the sensor plate induces a maximum difference in response voltage between a dry sensor plate condition and a wet sensor plate condition.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and an apparatus for controlling light emission of an ink cartridge. The method includes: an ink cartridge control unit (304), configured to receive a light emitting control instruction from an imaging device main body and identifying the instruction; the ink cartridge control unit (304), configured to control light emission of a light emitting unit (303) of the ink cartridge (10) according to the identified light emitting control instruction and preset control information corresponding to the light emitting control instruction so that the light emitting unit (303) does not emit light at an adjacent position light detection stage but emits light at an facing position light detection stage.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a valve unit includes fixing a first flow channel member and a flexible member to one another, the first flow channel member including a first surface, a second surface and a through-hole passing through the first surface and the second surface, in a manner in which the flexible member is supported by a fixing member and the through-hole is covered at the first surface side thereof by the flexible member; and fixing the first flow channel member and a second flow channel member, the second flow channel member including a hole through which a valve body passes, in a manner in which the through-hole is in communication with the hole at the second surface side of the through-hole, the valve body configured to open and close a flow channel in communication with the through-hole according to displacement of the flexible member.

Abstract: A liquid management system for supplying or receiving liquid at a controlled pressure, comprising: a closed reservoir having an inlet for receiving liquid from a first remote location and an outlet for supplying liquid to a second remote location; and a pumped outlet disposed in the reservoir and arranged to remove liquid and gas contained within the reservoir, the pumped outlet being disposed such that the level of liquid in the reservoir can be maintained at a constant height.

Abstract: A liquid storage unit for collecting a liquid supplied to an ejecting head is provided. The liquid is supplied to a plurality of ejecting heads via a pressure regulating valve, and the liquid is suctioned from the plurality of ejecting heads by a circulation pump, and then is discharged to the liquid storage unit. In this way, since the liquid is suctioned from each of the ejecting heads, the passage resistance is decreased, so that the ink can be appropriately circulated. In addition, since the ejecting head is supplied with the liquid at an appropriate pressure from the liquid storage unit via the pressure adjusting valve, the liquid can be appropriately ejected.

Abstract: The invention relates to a washing assistance device for the fluid circuit of an ink jet printer, including: a support (80) defining, between an access front face (80c) and a back face (80d), a substantially parallelepiped free volume (80a), support anchoring means (88), means forming 2 fluid connections, the support anchoring means (88) and the 2 fluid connections being disposed on or against the back face, on the opposite side to said free volume (80a).

Abstract: A nonaqueous inkjet printing method that can provide prints with both high printing density and good gradation is provided. The nonaqueous inkjet printing method comprises printing an image by an inkjet recording system using a first nonaqueous ink comprising at least a coloring pigment, a water-soluble resin having an amino group, and a nonaqueous solvent, and then printing an image so as to overlap with the preceding image by an inkjet recording system using a second nonaqueous ink, wherein the second nonaqueous ink comprises at least a coloring pigment, inorganic particles, and a nonaqueous solvent, and the content of the coloring pigment in the second nonaqueous ink is lower than the content of the coloring pigment in the first nonaqueous ink. The first nonaqueous ink is preferably printed at a higher resolution of printing than the second nonaqueous ink.

Abstract: A thermal head including: a common electrode that includes a plurality of comb teeth portions extending in a first direction in which a paper is conveyed; a plurality of discrete electrodes, each of which extends in the first direction, and is arranged between the comb teeth portions; and a resistor that is electrically connected to the comb teeth portions and the discrete electrodes, and has such a shape that two connection positions of two discrete electrodes adjacent to each other and the resistor shift from each other in the first direction.

Abstract: An exposure device includes an optical system member that forms an image of light from a light emitting element array having multiple light emitting elements arranged, an optical system support part that supports the optical system member, and a restraining member that restrains the optical system member to the optical system support part. The optical system support part has sliding parts, which are able to slide relative to the restraining member, formed on a light emitting element side face and an image forming side face in positions opposing the both end parts or the vicinity of both end parts in a longitudinal direction of the optical system support part, and in the both end parts or in the vicinity of the both end parts in the longitudinal direction, the restraining member is formed between the sliding parts and the optical system member, fixed to the optical system member, and slidable in the longitudinal direction relative to the optical system support part.

Abstract: In described embodiments, a portable image printing device is disclosed. The device is self-propelled and rolls over a substrate onto which the device imparts an image. The image is drawn from an electronic image file retained within or otherwise supplied to the device. The device can use a plurality of media, such as, for example, chalk or paint that is dispensed vertically onto the substrate. Alternatively, a cutting head can be used to cut an image into a grass-filled substrate.

Abstract: A system for printing a label for a molded object is provided. The system includes a molding machine. A mold is provided having a first part and a second part, the mold being removably coupled to the molding machine. The mold first part and second part being movable between an open and closed position. An RFID module is coupled to the mold first part. An RFID reader is arranged to receive a signal from the RFID module when the mold first part is in the closed position. A controller is operably coupled to the RFID reader, wherein the controller includes a processor that is responsive for receiving an object identification data in response to the RFID reader receiving the signal from the RFID module. A printer configured to print a label including the object identification data in response to the controller receiving the signal.

Abstract: A liquid ejecting apparatus includes a medium supporting unit which supports a medium that is transported along a transport path; a liquid ejecting head which includes a nozzle for ejecting liquid onto a medium that is supported by the medium supporting unit; a heating part which heats the medium; and a space forming member which forms a closed space at which the nozzle is opened. The space forming member is configured to move between a space forming position in which the space forming member is disposed when forming the closed space, and a retracted position which is further separated from the heating part than the space forming position.

Abstract: A sheet processing apparatus including a controller configured to move a carriage from an initial position to such a position that an optical sensor traverses one of two side edges of a sheet in a scanning direction, in a direction along the scanning direction, in response to the sheet reaching a position opposed to the optical sensor, adjust a light emitting quantity of the optical sensor while the carriage is being moved, within a period from when the carriage begins to move from the initial position to when the optical sensor traverses the one side edge, calculate a position of the one side edge traversed by the optical sensor after the adjustment, based on detection values, corresponding to the light receiving quantity, output from the optical sensor after the adjustment, and identify edge positions of the two side edges based on the calculated position of the one side edge.

Abstract: In accordance with one embodiment, a printing apparatus comprises a conveyance path, a detection section and a control section. The conveyance path conveys a mount to which labels are attached. The detection section detects the existence of the label peeled off by a peeling bar which peels off the label attached to the mount. The control section controls start time of back feed of the mount in a case in which it is detected that the label is taken away.

Abstract: A sheet transporting apparatus is provided, including a transport mechanism provided with a roller, a motor, a controller, and a measuring input unit, wherein a transport route has a curved area for inverting the sheet, and the controller is constructed such that the control on the motor is executed by a closed loop control system by using a measured value of an control output at an initial stage of the transport of a sheet from a tray, and the control on the motor is switched from the control performed by the closed loop control system to control performed by an open loop control system on condition that a preset phenomenon arises after the sheet is taken out of the tray.