Abstract: A liquid crystal composition satisfying at least one characteristic such as high maximum temperature, low minimum temperature, small viscosity, suitable optical anisotropy, large negative dielectric anisotropy, large specific resistance, high stability to UV light, to heat or the like, or having a suitable balance regarding at least two of the characteristics, and an AM device having characteristics such as a short response time, a large voltage holding ratio, a low threshold voltage, a large contrast ratio and a long service life are shown. The liquid crystal composition contains a specific compound having at least three polymerizable groups, and the liquid crystal display device includes the composition. The composition may contain a specific compound having large negative dielectric anisotropy as a first component, and a specific compound having a high maximum temperature or small viscosity as a second component.

Abstract: [Object] To provide a liquid crystal alignment layer that can easily be formed, to which an anchoring force can be efficiently induced with less polarized light for exposure, and that is effective in controlling the orientation and pretilt angle of liquid crystal molecules, and a compound and polymer that can be used for such a liquid crystal alignment layer.

Abstract: A system and method of converting tires or other solid carbon based material is disclosed, wherein the system and method includes providing a chamber, feeding tires or other solid carbon based material or both into the chamber, rotating the chamber and heating and reducing the material in the chamber, collecting solid residue from the chamber, collecting vapor from the chamber, and converting vapor collected from the chamber to a liquid. The chamber has an interior surface and can include one or more ribs on the interior surface for rotating and tumbling the material in the chamber while heating the material.

Abstract: Base oil can be recovered from contaminated O/SBF by combining a chemical process with a mechanical process. The chemical treatment includes adding a demulsifier, an anionic surfactant, a non-ionic surfactant and/or a mutual solvent to the contaminated O/SBF in an amount effective to separate the base oil from the contaminated O/SBF fluid followed by mechanical separation of oil from water, and optionally from any solids present. The recovered base oil (i.e. conventional drilling fluid, conductive drilling fluid and constant rheology drilling fluid, etc.) may then be reformulated to make a new OBM of the same type from which the base oil was recovered, or as a fuel for engines.

Abstract: A method for producing a highly aromatic base oil of the present invention includes a step of hydrorefining a clarified oil to obtain a highly aromatic base oil having an aromatic content of 50% by mass or more determined by a column chromatography analysis method. The step of hydrorefining a clarified oil is preferably performed under conditions of a hydrogen pressure of 5.0 to 20.0 MPa, a temperature of 280 to 400° C., a hydrogen oil ratio of 300 to 750 NL/L, and a space velocity of 0.3 to 2.0 h?1. According to the present invention, a highly aromatic base oil used for rubber processing, asphalt reclamation and the like, and a novel method for producing a highly aromatic base oil can be provided.

Abstract: The invention generally relates to processes for separating steam cracker products by fractional distillation, and to systems and apparatus useful in such processes. More specifically, the invention relates to decreasing the amount of fractionator fouling that can result from increasing the amount of hydrocarbon molecules in the steam cracker feed having four or fewer carbon atoms.

Abstract: A system for converting fuel is provided and includes a first reactor comprising a plurality of ceramic composite particles, the ceramic composite particles comprising at least one metal oxide disposed on a support, wherein the first reactor is configured to reduce the at least one metal oxide with a fuel to produce a reduced metal or a reduced metal oxide; a second and reactor configured to oxidize at least a portion of the reduced metal or reduced metal oxide from the said first reactor to produce a metal oxide intermediate; a source of air; and a third reactor communicating with said source of air and configured to regenerate the at least one metal oxide from the remaining portion of the solids discharged from the said first reactor and the solids discharged from the said second reactor for by oxidizing the metal oxide intermediate.

Abstract: A biomass gasification system. The system includes: a) a gasifier; b) a waste heat exchanger; c) a waste heat boiler; d) a cyclone separator; e) a gas scrubber; f) a shift reactor; g) a desulfurizing tower; h) a first decarburizing tower; i) a synthesizing tower; and j) a second decarburizing tower. In the system, the gasifier, the waste heat exchanger, the cyclone separator, the gas scrubber, the shift reactor, the desulfurizing tower, the first decarburizing tower, the synthesizing tower, and the second decarburizing tower are connected sequentially. In addition, CO2 outlets of the first decarburizing tower and the second decarburizing tower are both connected to a cold medium inlet of the waste heat exchanger; and a cold medium outlet of the waste heat exchanger is connected to a gasifying agent entrance of the gasifier.

Abstract: Motor fuel compositions containing ethanol, also known as gasohol, are disclosed, wherein the motor fuel is substantially in one phase and contains, 1 to 50, preferable 2 to 30 weight % of ethanol and an amount of water between 1 and 10 wt. % on the basis of the weight of the ethanol. Such motor fuel compositions can be produced by blending gasoline with hydrous ethanol, thus evading the necessity to use anhydrous ethanol as feedstock. Furthermore such motor fuel compositions may be produced by blending gasoline with hydrous ethanol and anhydrous ethanol, thus evading the necessity to use anhydrous ethanol as the sole feedstock. These motor fuel compositions may contain a second liquid phase that does not form a separate layer, and where no separate liquid phase can be detected by vision, and so meets with the specification that has become known as “clear and bright”.

Abstract: Gas hydrate slurry formation systems are provided. The gas hydrate slurry formation system includes a cavitation chamber configured to receive a fluid and a cavitation device placed within the cavitation chamber. The cavitation device is configured to form a plurality of bubbles within the fluid in the cavitation chamber. The gas hydrate slurry formation system also includes a gas inlet configured to introduce a gas within the cavitation chamber such that the gas is entrained in the plurality of bubbles to form a plurality of gas—entrained bubbles. The plurality of gas-entrained bubbles implode within the cavitation chamber to form a gas hydrate slurry.

Abstract: A process and system for producing an engineered fuel product that meets customer specifications for composition and combustion characteristics is provided. The engineered fuel product is preferably a high-BTU, alternative fuel that burns cleaner than coal or petroleum coke (petcoke) and has significantly reduced NOx, SO2 and GHG emissions.

Abstract: A method of lubricating an expandable rubber bladder is described for use during a vulcanization of a green tire within a metal press. The method can include applying compositions in the form of emulsions of silicone oils to the inner surface of the green tires and/or to the outer surface of the vulcanization bladders to facilitate the molding-demolding thereof during the manufacture of the tires.

Abstract: Lubricant composition comprising a dicarboxylic acid ester component which is formed from a dicarboxylic acid selected from the list consisting of adipic acid, phthalic acid, pimilic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid and sebacic acid, and mixtures thereof and a branched aliphatic alcohol R—OH which is defined according to the following formula (I) whereas q, r and s are defined as follows, q+r=4 to 9, s=0 to 5, q=1 to 8, and r=1 to 6, and an ethylene-propylene copolymer.

Abstract: Enzymatic method for separating phytanic acid from fats or oils containing it and recovering unaltered products free of phytanic acid The present invention relates to an enzymatic method that allows separating phytanic acid from any fat or oil containing it, as well as recovering fatty acids free of phytanic acid in an unaltered state on one hand, purified phytanic acid being obtained on the other hand with a purity by weight of at least 90%.

Abstract: A continuous in-line process of making fragrance compositions increases the rate of production, compared to traditional batch processes, by having a chilling step that accelerates precipitation transformation.

Abstract: Provided is a fragrance composition containing a compound that has citrus and green odors as well as a floral-like odor in good balance, has excellent harmonicity with various other fragrances, emphasizes odors by being blended, and imparts a fresh floral feeling. A fragrance composition containing 4,7-dimethyloctan-3-ol. The fragrance composition may further contain at least one selected from the group consisting of esters, carbonates, aldehydes, ethers, lactones, and alcohols other than 4,7-dimethyloctan-3-ol.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an ionic liquid system comprising for enhanced delivery and/or deposition of a perfume raw material onto a substrate, particularly fabric, hard surfaces, soft surfaces, skin, or hair. The invention also relates to consumer products comprising the ionic liquid systems, and processes for making and methods of using such ionic liquid systems and consumer products.

Abstract: A fragrance composition comprising one or more musk or fragrance accords for use in reducing or inhibiting a subject's physiological reaction to stress. The composition can be incorporated into consumer products.

Abstract: A fragrance composition comprising one or more musk or fragrance accords for use in reducing or inhibiting a subject's physiological reaction to stress. The composition can be incorporated into consumer products.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition having improved or enhanced fidelity and/or longevity of the fragrance profile, comprising from about 10 wt % to about 30 wt % of low volatile fragrance materials having a vapor pressure less than 0.001 Torr (0.000133 kPa) at 25° C., wherein the wt % is relative to the total weight of the fragrance component, and at least one substantially non-odorous fragrance modulator. The invention also relates to methods of use of the compositions for perfuming suitable substrates, including hard surfaces and body parts, particularly skin and hair.

Abstract: Natural liquid potassium soap compositions and methods of manufacturing and using the same are provided with thickening by the addition of chloride salts, such as sodium chloride and potassium chloride. The natural liquid potassium soap compositions may contain one or more fatty acids with carbon length ranging from four (C4) to twenty-two (C22) or natural fatty acid mixtures with coconut oil, olive oil, tallow, sunflower oil, safflower oil, and/or tall oil fatty acids which are saponified with lye. The saponification lye is preferably potassium hydroxide. Preferred embodiments contain potassium salts of fatty acids comprising at least oleic acid (C18:1 cis-9), olive oils, coconut oils or mixtures thereof. The chloride salt is added in either solid or liquid form following saponification and neutralization.

Abstract: Pyrophoric material such as iron sulfide is frequently found in refinery equipment. When the equipment is opened to the atmosphere for maintenance, an exothermic reaction can take place that may cause injury to personnel and catastrophic damage to equipment. A process used to treat pyrophoric material uses sodium nitrite injected into a gaseous carrier stream to oxidize iron sulfides to elemental sulfur and iron oxides. The sodium nitrite solution may be buffered to a pH of about 9 with disodium phosphate or monosodium phosphate. A chemical additive that provides a quantitative measure of reaction completion may be added to the treatment solution.

Abstract: A dishwasher detergent composition, preferably pH neutral, and comprising a strong biodegradable builder and optionally a bleach, and optionally a sulfonated polymer.

Abstract: A process for preparing builder granules suitable for use in a granular or tabletted detergent compositions, particularly for machine dishwash, involves forming a slurry of solid and aqueous MGDA Na3 spray dryer, under non-agglomerating conditions, to form spray dried particles comprising solid crystalline MGDA Na 3 dihydrate, compacting the spray dried particles into compacted aggregates and comminuting the compacted aggregates into granular particles to form builder granules having a particle size distribution suitable for use in a granular detergent composition. Prior to spray drying, the slurry is maintained at a slurry temperature of 20° or more for sufficient time for the resulting builder granules to remain free flowing after 48 hours storage at 20° C. and 65% relative humidity.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a fungal serine protease enzyme, which said enzyme has serine protease activity and comprises an amino acid sequence of Malbranchea ALKO4122 mature protease as defined in SEQ ID NO:18 or an amino acid sequence having at least 66% identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:18. Also disclosed is an isolated nucleic acid molecule, comprising a polynucleotide sequence which encodes a fungal serine protease enzyme, nucleic acid sequences encoding said protease, a host cell and a process of producing a polypeptide having serine protease activity. Said protease is useful as an enzyme preparation applicable in detergent compositions and for treating fibers, wool, hair, leather, or silk, for treating food or feed, or for any applications involving modification, degradation or removal of proteinaceous material.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a composition for cleaning, protecting and revitalizing surfaces in general and the product obtained therefrom, pertaining to the field of chemistry, more particularly to a composition based on water, silica, hydrogen peroxide, trimethyl ammonium chloride and a fragrance, thus forming a non-abrasive product able to breakdown oil molecules, greases, and it may be applied to surfaces of any nature having or not soil on same, the purpose of which is to clean, protect and revitalize original characteristics thereof, such as brightness and texture, and it may be applied to painted and/or polished surfaces as well, so that such a surface becomes hydrophobic.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cleaner composition. Specifically, the present invention relates to a cleaner composition that can be used to remove metal oxides and metal abrasive particles arising during metal polishing, such as chemical mechanical planarization (CMP). The cleaner composition has an improved ability to complex with metal abrasive particles. In addition, the cleaner composition maintains its ability to reduce metal abrasive particles, achieving improved stability. Therefore, the cleaner composition can be used for cleaning the surface of a metal with an increased ability to prevent corrosion of the metal surface.

Abstract: Anionic surfactants have a formula: RfSO2N(H)—CH2CH(CH3)OH; or RfSO2N(H)—(CH2CH2O)xH, where x is an integer from 2-6. Rf is a fluoroalkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms. Neutral surfactants having a formula: (a)RfSO2N[CH2CH(CH3)OH]2; (b)RfSO2N[CH2CH(CH3)OH][(CH2CH2O)nH], where n is an integer from 1-6; (c)RfSO2N(R)[(CH2CH2O)pH], where p is an integer from 2-6, and R is an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; or (d) RfSO2N[(CH2CH2O)qH][(CH2CH2O)mH], where q is an integer from 1-6 and m is an integer from 3-6. Rf is a fluoroalkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A method of cleaning a mount substrate comprising the step of: preparing a cleaning solution and cleaning the mount substrate by using the cleaning solution. The cleaning solution is a chemical solution produced by providing organic amine as a content in a hydrocarbon-based solvent containing a ketone or an aromatic and by adding unsaturated carboxylic acid anhydride or carboxylic anhydride to this solvent.

Abstract: The present application relates to high efficiency particles and compositions, such as consumer products, comprising such high efficiency particles as well as processes for making and using such high efficiency particles and compositions comprising such high efficiency particles. Such high efficiency particles and compositions provide enhanced benefit agent delivery to a situs that is treated with such high efficiency particles and compositions.

Abstract: Methods for making soap powder of the current invention using a double boiler system in which the direct heating and boiling of the mixture was avoided. A method for making soap powder of the current invention at room temperature. The soap powders of the current invention of a preferred composition of 49 g sodium hydroxide, 250 ml vegetable oil and 220 g water.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the production of fermented fruit beverages, such as wine and cider, with a reduced level of alcohol. Specifically, the present invention is directed to a method for producing a beverage with a reduced content of alcohol comprising using reverse inoculation or co-inoculation of homofermentative or facultative heterofermentative lactic acid bacterium strain and a yeast strain.

Abstract: Aging of alcoholic beverages is expedited by increasing the exposed surface area of wood by introducing multiple wooden surfaces, improving mixing by reducing the spacing between wooden surfaces, maintaining the temperature of alcoholic beverage to optimal level and reducing the cost or production by working with larger volumes at a time.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a system and method for condensing moisture in a moist gas stream entering a bioreactor or leaving a bioreactor, the system comprising: a condenser container capable of holding a fluid, the condenser container comprising: an outer wall surface and an inner wall surface, the inner wall surface defining an interior chamber for holding the fluid; and a first fitment attached to the outer wall surface of the condenser container, the first fitment forming a first port configured to allow the moist gas stream to flow through the first port and into the interior chamber; a second fitment attached to the outer wall surface of the condenser container, the second fitment forming a second port configured to allow a dried gas to flow from the interior chamber and out of the second port; and a cooling device in contact with at least one portion of the outer wall surface of the condenser container and arranged to cool the at least one portion of the outer wall surface of the condenser container, thereby

Abstract: An incubation apparatus, including a temperature-controlled room adjusted to be a predetermined environment condition, and incubating a sample of an incubation container inside the temperature-controlled room, includes a carrying apparatus, an imaging section, and an image analyzing section. The carrying apparatus carries the incubation container in the temperature-controlled room. The imaging section photographs a whole of the incubation container inside the temperature-controlled room. The image analyzing section analyses an operation state of the incubation apparatus or an incubating environment state of the sample based on a total observing image of the incubation container photographed at the imaging section, and outputs an error signal notifying an abnormality of the operation state or the incubating environment state in accordance with the analysis result.

Abstract: Process for enhancing production rates/production of yeast cell wall products and yeast extracts by adding saponin or a saponin containing ingredient to yeast cultures during fermentation or to yeast cream prior to autolysis. In the context of a sugar beet processing facility, saponin, which is contained within the sugar refining process streams during sucrose production, is readily available and can be introduced to the yeast cultures or yeast cream as either a saponin extract or as dried and shredded sugar beet leaves, without requiring any additional sourcing or acquisition costs. Activity between the saponin and yeast/yeast cream results in the formation of saponin fermentation products.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of mechanically crushing microalgae cells of the genus Chlorella at an industrial scale, the mechanical crushing being carried out in a horizontal ball mill system. In the method, the balls have an apparent density of between 2 and 3.5 kg/1, the filling rate of the crushing chamber is greater than or equal to 80%, and preferably greater than or equal to 85%, and the mechanical crushing is carried out continuously by a series of successive passes.

Abstract: Described are culture media for growing algae. Also described are methods for preparing an algal culture media and methods for culturing algae.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the enrichment, with carotenoids and proteins, of a biomass of a microalga cultivated under heterotrophic conditions, wherein said microalga is of the Chlorella genus, which comprises culturing said microalga in a minimum medium supplemented with a nitrogen source in organic form, preferably chosen from the group consisting of yeast extract, corn steep liquor, and a combination thereof.

Abstract: This invention relates to a sterilization agent for livestock bedding or a composting accelerator for organic waste or livestock bedding, comprising at least one Bacillus coagulans thermophilic bacterium or a combination of the at least one Bacillus coagulans thermophilic bacterium and at least one Bacillus subtilis mesophilic bacterium, as an active ingredient, wherein the Bacillus coagulans thermophilic bacterium as a preferable bacterium is viable at a temperature of 40 to 60° C. and the Bacillus subtilis mesophilic bacterium is viable at a temperature of 30 to 50° C., and the mesophilic bacterium also has a sterilizing effect on harmful bacteria in bedding; and to a method for sterilizing livestock bedding or a method for accelerating composting of organic waste or livestock bedding by using these agents each as an active ingredient.

Abstract: A sugar mixture comprising: monosaccharides; oligosaccharides in a ratio ?0.06 to total saccharides; disaccharides in a ratio to total saccharides ?0.05; pentose in a ratio to total saccharides ?0.05; at least one alpha-bonded di-glucose; and at least one beta-bonded di-glucose. Also disclosed are methods to make and/or use such mixtures.

Abstract: The invention describes a novel composition of matter obtained from the leaves of green plants, which is useful in promoting the growth of beneficial microorganisms. Specifically, that the invention describes a hydrolysate prepared from plant leaf biomass (leaf biomass hydrolysate or “LBH”) which dramatically stimulates the growth of beneficial microorganisms. Use of LBH as a fermentation substrate can also stimulate rapid production of organic acids and other organic compounds. LBH can be used as a substrate to promote the fermentation-based production of biobased industrial chemicals or biofuels, LBH can be utilized as a prebiotic to promote the growth of beneficial probiotic organisms. In addition, LBH may also be useful in stimulating the fermentation-based production of other products, examples of which include preservatives, antibiotics, antigens, vaccines, amino acids, vitamins, recombinant proteins, bioremediation treatments, and immobilized enzymes.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are described for preparing media, feeds, and supplements. Such methods and medias may display increased stability of labile components and may use, for example, microsuspension and/or encapsulation technologies, chelation, and optionally, coating and/or mixing the labile compounds with anti-oxidants. The compositions may withstand thermal and/or irradiation treatment and have reduced virus number. These techniques may result in product with extended shelf-life, extended release of their internal components into culture, or in product that can be added aseptically into a bioreactor using minimal volumes. The compositions and methods may optimize the bioproduction workflow and increase efficiency.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a cell culture medium capable of enhancing cell growth efficiency without using feeder cells, in particular which does not comprise serum. The present invention provides a cell culture medium which comprises growth arrest-specific 6 (GAS6) and does not comprise serum.

Abstract: A cell culture support comprising a substrate, and a dual stimuli responsive block copolymer immobilized on the substrate, wherein the dual stimuli responsive block copolymer is both thermoresponsive and pH responsive. A method of culturing cells comprising the cell culture support having a dual stimuli responsive copolymer immobilized on a substrate, wherein the dual stimuli responsive copolymer is thermoresponsive and pH responsive; and growing the cells on the cell culture support. By lowering the temperature, cells are released from the cell culture support.

Abstract: A method of preparing a biological composite matrix system includes combining tissue microparticles with a curable medium. The tissue microparticles are formed by pulverizing tissue, sorting the pulverized tissue particles, and decellularizing the pulverized tissue particles. The tissue microparticles are then mixed with the curable medium and the resulting composite is cured to form a microparticle-medium composite matrix. The microparticle-medium composite matrix is compressed to increase the strength of the matrix and to increase the density of the microparticles to a predetermined density.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for production of continuous cell lines comprising providing living cells of an animal or a human, irradiating said cells with UV light, proliferating said cells and selecting multiplying cells as cells of a continuous cell line.

Abstract: The invention relates to microscale cell separating apparatus which are able to separate cells on the basis of size of the cells, interaction of the cells with surfaces of the apparatus, or both. The apparatus comprises a stepped or sloped separation element (16) interposed between an inlet region (20) and an outlet region (22) of a void that can be tilled with fluid. The void can be enclosed within a cover (12) and fluid flow through the void engages cells with the separation element. Only cells which have (or can deform to have) a characteristic dimension smaller than or equal to the distance between a step and the cover or body can pass onto or past a step. Modifications of surfaces within the apparatus can also inhibit passage of cells onto or past a step.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing a cell aggregate containing a ciliary marginal zone-like structure, including a step of culturing a cell aggregate containing a retinal tissue in which Chx10 positive cells are present in a proportion of 20% or more and 100% or less of the tissue in a serum-free medium or serum-containing medium each containing a substance acting on the Wnt signal pathway and a substance inhibiting the FGF signal pathway for only a period before the appearance of a RPE65 gene expressing cell, followed by culturing the “cell aggregate in which a RPE65 gene-expressing cell does not appear” thus obtained in a serum-free medium or serum-containing medium each free of a substance acting on the Wnt signal pathway and so on. According to the production method of the present invention, a ciliary marginal zone-like structure can be produced with high efficiency.

Abstract: The invention disclosed herein provides systems and methods designed to facilitate human limbal stem/progenitor cell culture including a novel 3-dimensional (3D) sandwich method/system in which human limbal stem/progenitor cells and feeder cells are separately cultured on opposite sides of a porous membrane.