Abstract: Computer-implemented methods and apparatus are provided for predicting/estimating (i) a non-equilibrium viscosity for at least one given time point in a given temperature profile for a given glass composition, (ii) at least one temperature profile that will provide a given non-equilibrium viscosity for a given glass composition, or (iii) at least one glass composition that will provide a given non-equilibrium viscosity for a given time point in a given temperature profile. The methods and apparatus can be used to predict/estimate stress relaxation in a glass article during forming as well as compaction, stress relaxation, and/or thermal sag or thermal creep of a glass article when the article is subjected to one or more post-forming thermal treatments.

Abstract: A glass-substrate manufacturing method which includes a forming step and a cooling step. In the forming step, a molten glass is formed into a sheet glass by a down-draw process. In the cooling step, the sheet glass is cooled. The cooling step includes first, second and third coating steps as defined herein.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus provide for: producing a plasma plume within a plasma containment vessel from a source of plasma gas; feeding an elongate feedstock material having a longitudinal axis into the plasma containment vessel such that at least a distal end of the feedstock material is heated within the plasma plume; and spinning the feedstock material about the longitudinal axis as the distal end of the feedstock material advances into the plasma plume, where the feedstock material is a mixture of compounds that have been mixed, formed into the elongate shape, and at least partially sintered.

Abstract: A method for cutting a glass article from a strengthened glass substrate having a surface compression layer and a tensile layer includes forming an edge defect in the surface compression layer on a first edge of the strengthened glass substrate. The method further includes propagating a through vent through the surface compression and tensile layers at the edge defect. The through vent precedes a region of separation along a cut line between the glass article and the strengthened glass substrate.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for applying a mid-IR graded microstructure to the end of a chalcogenide glass optical fiber are presented herein. The method and apparatus transfer a microstructure from a negative imprint on a nickel shim to a chalcogenide glass fiber tip with minimal shape distortion and minimal damage-threshold impact resulting in large gains in anti-reflective properties.

Abstract: Boron-containing network sulfide glass which may be useful in IR transmitting applications, such as IR optics, laser or fiber amplifiers doped with rare earths with emission in the near IR, and methods of making the same.

Abstract: A method of making colored glass in a float glass process includes the steps of: melting glass batch materials in a furnace to form a glass melt; transporting the glass melt into a float glass chamber having a flame spray device, the glass melt forming a float glass ribbon; supplying at least one coating material to the flame spray device to form a spray having coating particles; and directing the spray onto the float glass ribbon to diffuse the particles into the surface of the float glass ribbon to form a glass sheet of a desired color.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing metal or semiconductor oxide, nitride or oxynitride films on a substrate, by means of the PECVD method, including the steps that involve: (i) having a low-pressure PECVD device including at least one plasma source that includes at least one electrode connected to an AC, DC, or drawn DC generator for depositing said films on the substrate; and (ii) applying electrical power to the plasma source and applying, on the substrate, an oxide film gas precursor made of metal or semiconductor nitrides or oxynitrides and a reactive gas made of oxygen, oxygen derivatives, or nitrogen derivatives. The invention also relates to metal or semiconductor oxide, nitride, or oxynitride films obtained by the method.

Abstract: An apparatus used for the fabrication of fiberoptic waveguides utilizing a novel melting and resolidifying apparatus and method while under microgravity conditions is disclosed. In one embodiment, the optical fiber core has a lower melting point than the cladding and the core is melted and resolidified under microgravity conditions. The molten lower melting point core is thus contained by the higher melting point cladding while under microgravity conditions.

Abstract: A gypsum slurry includes calcined gypsum, urea phosphate esterified starch, organopolysiloxane, and water.

Abstract: A light-transmitting bismuth-substituted rare-earth iron garnet-type calcined body expressed by R3-xBixYe5O12 and having an average crystal particle diameter of 0.3-10 micrometers, and a magneto-optical device using said calcined body; wherein R is at least one kind of elements selected from a group consisting of Y and lanthanoids, and x is a number from 0.5 to 2.5.

Abstract: A method for a fabricating a ceramic material includes providing a mixture of a reactive metallic filler material with a preceramic polysilazane material. The preceramic polysilazane material is then polymerized to form a green body. The green body is then thermally treated in an environment that is substantially free of oxygen to convert the polymerized preceramic polysilazane material into a ceramic material that includes at least one nitride phase that is a reaction product of the reactive metallic filler material and a preceramic polysilazane material.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a ceramic material includes impregnating a porous structure with a mixture that includes a preceramic polymer and a filler. The filler includes at least one free metal. The preceramic polymer material is then rigidized to form a green body. The green body is then thermally treated to convert the rigidized preceramic polymer material into a ceramic matrix located within pores of the porous structure. The same thermal treatment or a second, further thermal treatment is used to cause the at least one free metal to move to internal porosity defined by the ceramic matrix or pores of the porous structure.

Abstract: An electrostatic chuck 10 includes a disc-shaped alumina ceramic base 12, and a heater electrode 14 and an electrostatic electrode 16 that are embedded in the alumina ceramic base 12. An upper surface of the alumina ceramic base 12 functions as a wafer-receiving surface 12a. The heater electrode 14 is formed in a pattern shape, for example, in the manner of a single brush stroke so as to be arranged over the entire surface of the alumina ceramic base 12. When a voltage is applied to the heater electrode 14, the heater electrode 14 generates heat, and heats a wafer W. This heater electrode 14 contains TiSi2 as a main component.

Abstract: A method for converting an alcohol to a hydrocarbon, the method comprising contacting said alcohol with a metal-loaded zeolite catalyst at a temperature of at least 100° C. and up to 550° C., wherein said alcohol can be produced by a fermentation process, said metal is a positively-charged metal ion, and said metal-loaded zeolite catalyst is catalytically active for converting said alcohol to said hydrocarbon.

Abstract: A process for the oligomerization of ethylene to predominantly 1-hexene or 1-octene or mixtures of 1-hexene and 1-octene includes contacting ethylene with a catalyst under ethylene oligomerization conditions. The catalyst comprises a source of chromium, a diphosphine ligating compound, and optionally an activator. The diphosphine ligating compound includes at least one optionally substituted fused cyclic structure including at least two rings, the optionally substituted fused cyclic structure including a 5- to 7-membered aromatic first ring bonded to a phosphorus atom, the aromatic first ring being fused to a 4- to 8-membered heterocyclic second ring, the heterocyclic second ring including a heteroatom which is separated by two ring atoms along the shortest connecting path from the phosphorous atom that is bonded to the first aromatic ring.

Abstract: A process for the oligomerization, preferably the tetramerization, of ethylene to predominantly 1-hexene or 1-octene or mixtures of 1-hexene and 1-octene includes contacting ethylene with a catalyst under ethylene oligomerization conditions. The catalyst comprises a source of chromium, a diphosphine ligating compound, and optionally an activator. The diphosphine ligating compound includes at least one substituted aromatic ring bonded to a phosphorous atom. The substituted aromatic ring is substituted at a ring atom adjacent to the ring atom bonded to the respective phosphorous atom with a group Y, where Y is of the form —AREWG, A being O, S or NR5, where R5 is a hydrocarbyl, heterohydrocarbyl or organoheteryl group, and REWG is an electron withdrawing group.

Abstract: A method for producing a hydrocarbon material from a C5 raffinate which is obtained as an extracted residual oil after separating at least part of the isoprene by extraction distillation from a C5 fraction which is produced as a byproduct when thermally cracking naphtha to produce ethylene and has C5 organic compounds as main ingredients comprising, a gas-phase thermal cracking step of gasifying the C5 raffinate to thermally crack at least part of the C10 diolefins which are contained in the gasified C5 raffinate, a desulfurization step, after the gas-phase thermal cracking step, of removing at least part of the sulfur-containing ingredients which are contained in the gasified C5 raffinate after the gas-phase thermal cracking step in the gas-phase state, and a hydrogen addition step, after the desulfurization step, of hydrogenating at least part of the carbon-carbon double bonds of at least one selected from diolefins and olefins which are contained in the gasified C5 raffinate after the desulfurization step

Abstract: A method for separating an alkyl aromatic hydrocarbon, the method having a step of adding a first diluent and an extractant having a superacid to a mixture comprising the alkyl aromatic hydrocarbon and one or more isomers thereof to carry out an acid-base extraction to thereby form a complex of the alkyl aromatic hydrocarbon with the superacid, and thereafter separating the complex from the mixture, and a step of adding an eliminating agent having a relative basicity in a range of 0.06 to 10 with respect to the alkyl aromatic hydrocarbon and a second diluent to the complex, and carrying out complex exchange of the alkyl aromatic hydrocarbon for the eliminating agent to thereby separate the alkyl aromatic hydrocarbon from the complex.

Abstract: A production method of 2-chloro-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1224) according to the present invention includes bringing 2,3-dichloro-1,1,1,3-tetrafluoropropane (234da) into contact with an inorganic base having a pKa of 4.8 or greater in an aqueous medium in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst. Preferably, the inorganic base has a pKa of 10 or greater. Further, the phase transfer catalyst is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of tetrabutylammonium bromide, methyltri-n-octylammonium chloride, benzyltrimethylammonium chloride and tetraethylammonium chloride. It is possible by this method to selectively produce 1224 from 234da.

Abstract: A process for producing polyols from a low viscosity slurry comprising a thermally treated ligno-cellulosic biomass which has been subjected to a fiber shives reduction step is provided. Specifically, a continuous process for catalyzing the formation of polyol products, such as ethylene glycol and propylene glycol, from the low viscosity slurry is provided.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a dual-catalysis system for direct conversion of olefins to alcohols. The cooperative catalytic system contains one oxidizing catalyst and one transfer-hydrogenation catalyst. A wide variety of olefins, including aromatic and aliphatic olefins, can be used as the reactant. The transformation proceeds with anti-Markovnikov selectivity, and in some aspects provides primary alcohols as major products. The disclosure further provides a system for oxidation of olefins with anti-Markovnikov selectivity.

Abstract: Sugars comprising the monosaccharides glucose and fructose, and the disaccharides sucrose and mannose are catalytically converted to ethanol at ambient temperature in a sulfate fortified acid medium in the presence of transition metal compounds possessing a degree of symmetry. This is not a fermentation process but is a catalytic chemical process where conversion efficiency is improved by saturating the acidic reaction mixture with inorganic sulfate salts to reduce competitive reactions. Ethanol formed during the reaction may be removed by distillation, following injection of nitric acid, facilitating a continuous process.

Abstract: In the process of distilling a polyol product mixture including one or both of a biobased propylene glycol and a biobased ethylene glycol from the reaction of hydrogen with a biobased feed, it has been discovered that undesirable epoxides can form, and the present invention provides means for guarding against their formation, for removing epoxides which do form by particular methods of distilling, and for removing the epoxides from a finished, otherwise commercially acceptable biobased glycol product.

Abstract: A process produces 1,4-butanediol by purifying 1,4-butanediol originated from a fermentation broth, by which process 1,4-butanediol having properties suited as a material of producing a polyester is obtained, which 1,4-butanediol enables to reduce by-production of tetrahydrofuran during the esterification reaction and to reduce the delay in polymerization. The process of producing 1,4-butanediol includes adding an alkaline substance other than an ammonia or an amine to an aqueous 1,4-butanediol-containing solution originated from a fermentation broth; distilling the resulting mixture; and recovering a 1,4-butanediol-containing solution from the vapor flow.

Abstract: Cyclododecanone (CDON) is prepared by epoxidizing cyclododecene (CDEN) to epoxycyclododecane (CDAN epoxide), and rearranging the CDAN epoxide to CDON to obtain a mixture comprising said CDON and cyclododecane (CDAN), wherein CDAN is separated from the CDON-containing mixture and oxidized to CDON.

Abstract: Cyclododecanone (CDON) is prepared by epoxidizing cyclododecene (CDEN) to epoxycyclododecane (CDAN epoxide), and rearranging the CDAN epoxide to CDON to obtain a mixture comprising said CDON and CDEN, wherein CDEN is separated from the CDON-containing mixture and sent to the epoxidation to CDAN epoxide in step a.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a process to carry out an ester hydrolysis wherein the ester compound (c) is made from at least an alcohol (a) and a carboxylic acid (b), and wherein said alcohol (a) and said carboxylic acid (b) are forming a biphasic liquid system when mixed together; comprising at least a step of producing an ester compound (c)/water emulsion by using as stabilizing species amphiphilic solid particles of nanometric dimension and optionally a catalyst X.

Abstract: (Meth)acrylates are prepared in a single-step method from a mixture of (meth)acrylic acid and at least one biobased oil and/or its derivative(s), including at least one unsaturation. The (meth)acrylates are made by directly adding the (meth)acrylic acid to the biobased oil by reacting in the presence of an acid catalyst, including an inorganic or organic acid having at least one oxygen atom present thereon and which possesses at least one acid functionality having an ionization constant in water which is not greater than 3.

Abstract: An esterified propoxylated glycerin process is improved by the incorporation of a vacuum distillation step whereby unreacted fatty acids are removed in a form suitable for direct reuse in a further esterification. The esterified propoxylated glycerin produced is low in color and has a low content of free fatty acid, making it suitable for use as a reduced calorie fat substitute in various food products.

Abstract: The invention concerns use of metal scavengers of the formula (1), wherein the variables are as defined in the description of the invention, for removal of ruthenium residues, compounds, or complexes thereof, from the post-reaction mixtures, from the products of reactions catalyzed with ruthenium complexes, as well as from organic compounds contaminated with ruthenium.

Abstract: Methods and compositions containing a phorbol ester or a derivative of a phorbol ester are provided for the treatment and prevention of stroke and the sequelae of stroke. Additional compositions and methods are provided which employ a phorbol ester or derivative compound in combination with at least one additional agent to yield more effective treatment tools to treat or prevent stroke and the long term effects of stroke in mammalian subjects.

Abstract: A process for hydrogenating an aromatic nitro compound according to the invention comprises providing a hydrogen gas stream and a liquid aromatic nitro compound stream; providing a fixed bed catalytic reactor having an inflow side and an outflow side; feeding to the inflow side, the hydrogen gas stream and the liquid aromatic nitro compound stream; converting the hydrogen gas and the aromatic nitro compound into an aromatic amine, thereby providing a reactor effluent comprising the aromatic amine and water; evacuating the reactor effluent from the reactor at the outflow side of the reactor; wherein an inert solvent or water is fed to the inflow side of the reactor at a molar ratio of moles inert solvent or water to moles hydrogen is more than 1.

Abstract: Means of preserving 1,5-pentanediamine or a salt thereof without deterioration is provided. 1,5-pentanediamine or a salt thereof is preserved by adjusting any of a water content of 1,5-pentanediamine or a salt thereof purified through a distillation process, a temperature condition, and a material that comes into contact with 1,5-pentanediamine or a salt thereof.

Abstract: Methods of synthesizing a levodopa ester prodrug, salts thereof, and synthetic intermediates thereof are disclosed.

Abstract: Described herein are microneedle drug delivery systems comprising a pharmaceutical compositions comprising pharmaceutically active agents (e.g., cannabidiol and prodrugs of cannabidiol) and microneedle arrays suitable for local and systemic delivery of the active agent to a mammal. Also described herein are methods of using a microneedle transdermal or topical drug delivery systems comprising pharmaceutical compositions, comprising cannabidiol and prodrugs of cannabidiol, and microneedle arrays in the treatment disease, including pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer.

Abstract: The present invention pertains, at least in part, to novel substituted etracycline compounds. These tetracycline compounds can be used to treat numerous tetracycline compound-responsive states, such as bacterial infections and neoplasms, as well as other known applications for tetracycline compounds such as blocking tetracycline efflux and modulation of gene expression.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing an oxime compound with satisfactory selectivity. Provide is a method for producing an oxime represented by the following formula (II): wherein R1 and R2 are respectively the same as defined below, the method including oxidizing an amine represented by the following formula (I): wherein R1 and R2 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group, or an optionally substituted heterocyclic group (provided that R1 and R2 are not simultaneously hydrogen atoms), or R1 and R2, together with the carbon atom to which R1 and R2 are attached, form an optionally substituted alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms [hereinafter sometimes referred to as the amine compound (I)], with oxygen in the presence of a layered silicate.

Abstract: By forming a polyester film from a polyester resin composition including ketene imine compound represented by the following Formula (1) and polyester, the polyester film having excellent hydrolysis resistance in which volatilization of the ketene imine compound or the ketene compound can be suppressed. In Formula (1), R1 and R2 represent an alkyl group, an aryl group, an alkoxy group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an aminocarbonyl group, an aryloxy group, an acyl group, or an aryloxycarbonyl group, and the R1—C(?C)—R2 substructure has a molecular weight of 320 or greater. R3 represents an alkyl group or an aryl group.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of food supplement and medicament supporting muscle metabolism, more precisely muscle protein synthesis. In particular, the invention relates to a composition comprising N-carbamoylputrescine (NCP). The invention further relates to the non-therapeutic use of N-carbamoylputrescine (NCP) to enhance muscle protein synthesis in a subject. Moreover, the invention also relates to N-carbamoylputrescine for its use as a medicament.

Abstract: Benzamide compounds and derivatives thereof, as can be used for selective inhibition of the SIRT2 enzyme and/or therapeutic use in the treatment of Huntington's disease.

Abstract: This invention relates to non-steroidal compounds that are modulators of androgen receptor, and also to the methods for the making and use of such compounds.

Abstract: This invention provides processes for preparation of 3-alkyl indoles of Formula 1: wherein A1, A2 and A3 are independently selected from the group consisting of: H, X, OR1, CN, CONR22 and C02R3; R1 is C1-C6 alkyl; R2 is H or C1-C6 alkyl; R3 is C1-C6 alkyl; LG is a leaving group; X is a halogen; and n is 1, 2 or 3.

Abstract: Disclosed are a variety of amphoteric compounds having a heterocyclic quaternary nitrogen group. The heterocycle includes pyridines, piperidines, and pyrrolidines, and is linked to the hydrophobe via either an amide or an ester linkage. These heterocyclic amphoteric compounds can be advantageously prepared in high yield and purity by a two-step chemoenzymatic process, and have excellent surfactant properties.

Abstract: Compounds of formula I, wherein A, B, X, Z and R1-R6, are as defined in the claims, exhibit TRPA 1 activity and are thus useful as TRPA1 modulators.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process of preparation of Crystal Forms of 4-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-N-(3,5-dichloro-1-oxidopyridin-4-yl)-5-methoxypyridine-2-carboxamide of formula (I), said Crystal Forms which are designated as Crystal Forms A to I A and their use as a medicament.

Abstract: The present invention relates to substituted imidazopyridazines and substituted benzimidazoles, as well as pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same, which are FGFR3 inhibitors useful in the treatment of cancer and other diseases.

Abstract: Novel solid forms of bendamustine hydrochloride are described, as well as methods of their preparation and use.

Abstract: A compound represented by formula (2) wherein X represents a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom or a bromine atom, and Y represents a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom or a bromine atom, is reacted with a brominating agent and an alkanol having 1 to 6 carbon atoms in the presence of a base to obtain a compound represented by formula (3) wherein R represents a C1 to C6 alkyl group, and X and Y represent the same meaning as described above, and then the compound represented by the formula (3) is reacted with hydrazine, whereby a compound represented by formula (1) wherein X and Y represent the same meaning as described above, which is useful as a production intermediate of a fungicide, can be obtained.

Abstract: Provided herein, inter alia, are compositions and methods of synthesis and detection of tetrazines, e.g., a tetrazine of formula and diazonorcaradienes.