Abstract: The claimed subject matter provides systems and/or methods that effectuate a simple protocol for tangible security on mobile devices. The system can include devices that generate sets of keys and associated secret identifiers, employs the one or more keys to encrypt a secret and utilizes the identifiers and encryptions of the secret to populate a table associated with a security token device that is used in conjunction with a mobile device to release sensitive information persisted on the mobile device for user selected purposes.

Abstract: An approach is provided for controlling a first application's access of a second application of a mobile device. Attributes are assigned to a graphical element displayed by the mobile device. Manipulations of first and second icons representing first and second applications, respectively, are detected as placing the first and second icons into the graphical element. One of the assigned attributes specifying an exchange of information permitted between the first and second applications is obtained. If access control settings of the first application are automatically configurable, the access control settings are automatically configured based on the obtained attribute; otherwise, the obtained attribute is applied to the first application by utilizing resource controls of the mobile device operating system. Based on the configured access control settings or the attribute applied to the first application, an access of the second application by the first application is controlled.

Abstract: A communication apparatus includes an acquisition unit that acquires identification information from a first different communication apparatus, a determination unit that determines whether the acquired identification information is first identification information, a reception unit that receives, from the first different communication apparatus, a predetermined request to connect a second different communication apparatus to a wireless network generated by the communication apparatus, and a providing unit that, in a case where the identification information is the first identification information, provides the second different communication apparatus with a communication parameter for connecting to the wireless network in response to receipt of the predetermined request.

Abstract: Systems, devices and methods are directed toward authenticating users to provide access to the users. A portable communication device, suitable for use in authenticating a user, includes a memory including a reference biometric for a user, a biometric reader, and a processor coupled to the memory and biometric reader. The processor is configured to, among other operations, compare a biometric of the user, as captured at the biometric reader, to the reference biometric stored in the memory. When the captured biometric matches the reference biometric, the processor is configured to authenticate the user and transmit an authentication signal to thereby provide access to the user. In various aspects, the authentication signal includes an identifier associated with the user, whereby other devices are able to recognize the user and authenticate the user based on the authentication signal, generally, without the user being separately authenticated at the other devices.

Abstract: A mobile terminal is disclosed. The mobile terminal includes a touch panel and an input detection part, a display part, a determination part, and an execution part. The input detection part is configured to detect inputs to the touch panel. The display part is configured to display an object corresponding to a lock state in which predetermined processing based on inputs detected by the input detection part is not executed. The determination part is configured to determine whether or not a predetermined input to the object is detected by the input detection part. The execution part is configured to release the lock state and execute predetermined processing if the determination part determines that a predetermined input to the object is detected.

Abstract: A method, a device and a system are provided for mobile devices theft protection and for avoiding none legitimate and misuse of the devices. It is based on a human 3D device holding hand movement, while creating a bio-authentication event of a user of the mobile device. In case of authentication failure it activates various types of alarms locally on the device, and/or deactivating or blocking one or more of the device operational functions, like communication or access to certain functions, stored data, or applications and it transmits alarms and illegitimate user images via text and image messages to remote locations. In other cases it generates and transmits also device's status and location to remote user's piers nearby, or to a monitoring center, all based on the user's device authentication failure and following activated action items.

Abstract: A spectrum manager for allocating a shared frequency spectrum in a wireless communication system is disclosed. The wireless communication system comprises a plurality of base stations which are operated by at least two operators, said spectrum manager being configured to group the plurality of base stations into clusters based on spectrum demand related information; and determine a spectrum partition pattern for each cluster based on the spectrum demand related information and information of the grouped based station clusters, a spectrum partition pattern specifying the partition and allocation of frequency spectrum fragments to said at least two operators in a corresponding cluster, wherein a frequency spectrum fragment is allocated to only one of said at least two operators in each cluster, and forward information regarding the spectrum partition pattern to the plurality of base stations or to one or a plurality of network entities of the at least two operators.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a signal retransmission apparatus and method and a communication system. The method includes: a first UE determines a resource for retransmitting a signal according to a resource for initially transmitting the signal and a frequency hopping pattern; and retransmits the signal to a second UE according to the determined resource. With the embodiments of the present disclosure, interference between UEs may be randomized as possible, and complexity of blind detection by receiver end UE may be lowered as possible.

Abstract: Embodiments of a user station (STA), access point (AP) and methods for operating a STA and AP in a wireless network are general described herein. In some embodiments, the STA includes processing circuitry and physical layer (PHY) circuitry to detect a Dedicated Short Range Communications Service (DSRC) transmission on a wireless communication channel in a frequency spectrum comprising 5 GHz. The STA can also transmit a report message to report the DSRC transmission responsive to detecting DSRC transmission. Other embodiments and methods are also described.

Abstract: Disclosed is a network frequency spectrum sharing method, a user terminal of the present network sending a network signal strength measurement report of the different network to a home base station; an operation management node of the present network, based on the network signal strength measurement report calculating a network overlapping level indicator of the different network, and obtaining network overlapping topology-based information of the different network; and the two networks exchanging the network overlapping topology-based information, and calculating a policy for allocating shared frequency spectrum resources therebetween. The present invention can enable different networks to fairly and reasonably share frequency spectrum resources within a specified range, thus increasing a frequency spectrum utilization rate.

Abstract: A first communication device (100) and respective methods performed for operating on least two carriers that are accessed by an LBT procedure. The methods performed by the first communication device (100) comprises e.g. performing (S1) synchronized LBT procedures, on the at least two carriers and accessing (S2) the carriers based on the result of the synchronized LBT procedures.

Abstract: Techniques are described for wireless communication. One method of wireless communication includes receiving, at a first user equipment (UE), a first communication over a shared radio frequency spectrum band from a first base station. The first communication includes a pre-grant communication associated with a downlink transmission or a grant of uplink resources associated with an uplink transmission. The method further includes determining, based at least in part on receiving the first communication, whether a channel reservation signal is detected over the shared radio frequency spectrum band; and transmitting a second communication over the shared radio frequency spectrum band, to the first base station, based at least in part on the determining. The second communication includes an approval of the downlink transmission or the uplink transmission.

Abstract: A base station in a spectrum sharing system includes a sensor configured to sense signals over a shared spectrum, a transceiver configured to receive at least one measurement report transmitted from at least one user terminal regarding signals over the shared spectrum sensed by the at least one user terminal and a processor configured to determine whether to utilize the shared spectrum according to the signals over the shared spectrum sensed by the sensor or acquired from the at least one measurement report. A user terminal in a spectrum sharing system includes a sensor configured to sense signals over a shared spectrum, a processor configured to generate a measurement report regarding the signals over the shared spectrum and a transceiver configured to transmit the measurement report to a base station so that the base station determines whether to utilize the shared spectrum according the signals over the shared spectrum.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a method and an apparatus for transmitting pattern information. The method for transmitting pattern information includes obtaining pattern information; and sending the pattern information to UE. The first pattern information indicates that the spectrum of the first cell is allocated to the first RAT in a first plurality of sub-frames, and that the spectrum of the first cell is allocated to the second RAT in a second plurality of sub-frames. The first pattern information enables the UE to select any sub-frame in the first plurality of sub-frames to measure a CRS if the UE RAT pattern corresponds to the first RAT, or enables the UE to select any sub-frame in the second plurality of sub-frames to measure the CRS if the UE RAT pattern corresponds to the second RAT. The embodiments of the present invention improve scheduling accuracy and efficiency.

Abstract: Multiple access wireless communication networks/infrastructures are virtualized in telecommunications environments. A system replicates a cell identifier associated with a macro base station device to create a virtual base station device presence for a set of network devices included in the multiple access wireless communication network and thereafter facilitates communication with the multiple access wireless communication network, the set of network devices, and a mobile device through the created virtual base station presence.

Abstract: A processor configured to select a first propagation scheme when a distance over which a radio wave transmitted from a transmission device in the second system at a frequency not used by the first system can travel from a position of the transmission device is greater than a threshold, and select a second propagation scheme resulting in a propagation distance smaller than a propagation distance of the first propagation scheme when the distance over which the radio wave can travel is smaller than the threshold. The processor configured to calculate a propagation distance of the transmission radio wave by using a propagation scheme selected by the selection unit, and to determine that the second system can utilize the transmission radio wave when a propagation distance of the transmission device does not reach a propagation scope of a radio wave of a frequency that can be used by the first system.

Abstract: There is provided mechanisms for improving performance in a wireless communications network. A method is performed by a network node. The method comprises acquiring an identification of a set of cells for which adjustment is needed. The method comprises identifying a reason for the adjustment and improvement possibilities of the set of cells using at least one indicator. The reason and the improvement possibilities define a combination of which parameters and network nodes that could be adjusted. The method comprises determining an improvement action for the set of cells by jointly optimizing the combination of parameters and network nodes based on the reason and the improvement possibilities.

Abstract: Embodiments herein describe a system that includes an autonomous vehicle (referred to herein as a drone) which is controlled by a self-organizing network (SON) to expand the capabilities of a cellular network in real time. In one embodiment, the SON monitors the cellular network and identifies congestion or capacity issues where the cell towers covering the geographic region may be unable to satisfy the large number of requests for data by the users in the region. Once a congestion or capacity issue is detected, the SON determines whether dispatching a drone access point (AP) may improve or resolve the issue. In one example, the drone AP is an autonomous vehicle that includes a radio that permits the drone to serve as a mobile cell site for the cellular network.

Abstract: A network control method and system are provided that achieve effective load reduction control, overviewing an entire network. A system for controlling a network (20) including a plurality of nodes (21, 22) includes: a traffic data collection function (11) of collecting traffic data from the network; a traffic feature extraction function (12) of extracting a traffic feature of the network in its entirety from the collected traffic data; and a parameter determination function (13) of determining a control parameter to be set on the nodes, based on the traffic feature.

Abstract: Embodiments herein use a real-time closed-loop system to optimize a wireless network. The system includes a drone controlled by a self-organizing network (SON) to retrieve RF data corresponding to the wireless network. In one embodiment, the SON provides the drone with a predetermined path through the coverage area of the wireless network. As the drone traverses the path, a RF scanner mounted on the drone collects RF data. The drone transmits this data to the SON which processes the RF data to identify problems in the wireless network (e.g., cell tower interference). The SON generates one or more actions for correcting the identified problem and transmits these actions to a wireless network controller. Once the wireless network controller performs the action, the SON instructs the drone to re-traverse the portion of the path to determine if the problem has been resolved.

Abstract: Channel clearance using a shared radio frequency spectrum band may be performed for both a base station and a user equipment (UE). A base station may perform a listen before talk (LBT) procedure and verify one or more channels in a shared radio frequency spectrum band are available for transmissions and, if the LBT procedure is successful, transmit a pre-grant transmission to one or more UEs. The UEs may perform an LBT procedure for channel(s) indicated in the pre-grant transmission. If the UE LBT procedure passes, the UE may transmit a channel clearance signal, and may transmit a feedback communication responsive to the pre-grant transmission. The feedback communication may indicate, for example, the pre-grant transmission was received and which of the one or more channels are available based on the LBT procedure. The base station may receive the feedback communication and initiate transmissions to the UE.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an assisting communication device and method, a wireless access node and a method for a wireless access node. The assisting communication device includes: an adjacent access nodes information acquiring unit, configured to detect, based on configuration information from a wireless access node assisted by the assisting communication device, at least one adjacent access node, to acquire working parameters of the adjacent access nodes, the configuration information including an indication about at least one of a detecting type, a detecting object and a detecting result report; and a notification unit, configured to report the acquired working parameters of the adjacent access nodes to the wireless access node assisted by the assisting communication device, to be served as a configuration reference of the wireless access node so as to avoid conflict with the adjacent access nodes.

Abstract: Certain aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communications, and more specifically increasing user capacity through a frame structure which supports eMTC UL multi-user multiplexing. According to aspects, a UE may identify at least one narrowband region within a wider system bandwidth, determine at least one parameter assigned to the UE for transmitting symbols of a physical uplink channel in the narrowband region that are multiplexed with symbols transmitted by one or more other UEs, and transmit the physical uplink channel using the at least one determined parameter.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a wireless device includes: a receiver configured to receive a first frame and a second frame; and processing circuitry. The processing circuitry is configured to determine, when a reception level of the first frame is a first threshold or more, whether a transmission source of the first frame belongs to a same wireless network as the wireless device, determine, when the transmission source of the first frame belongs to the same wireless network as the wireless device, a second threshold based on a reception level of the first frame, and perform, when a reception level of the second frame is a second threshold or more, reception processing of the second frame.

Abstract: A wireless sensor includes an antenna structure, an RF signal circuit, a sensing element, memory and a processing module. In a calibration mode, the sensing element is exposed to a known condition and causes a first change of an operating characteristic of the antenna structure while receiving the RF signal. The processing module generates a first digital value based on the first change and writes it into the memory. In a sense mode, the sensing element is exposed to an unknown condition and causes a second change of an operating characteristic of the antenna structure while receiving the RF signal. The processing module generates a second digital value based on the second change and writes it into the memory.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods providing indications of service failure in a communications network. At least one N-dimensional vector of key performance indicator values is acquired from at least one network equipment device. An outlier score is determined for the at least one N-dimensional vector by using an L-valued outlier scoring function based on N-dimensional regions Rk, k=1, L, where L>1, and where region Ri is at least partly enclosed by region Rj, and where the outlier score for the N-dimensional vector is dependent on in which of the N-dimensional regions Rk the N-dimensional vector is located. An indication of service failure is determined for the at least one network equipment device based on the outlier score for the at least one N-dimensional vector.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a parameter measuring apparatus, a base station and communication system. The parameter measuring apparatus includes: a measuring unit configured to measure a related parameter; where measurement of a split bearer is excluded or not excluded when the related parameter is measured. Corresponding L2 measurement is performed according to a situation of the split bearer, which enables accurate L2 measurement to be performed in a dual-connectivity scenario where there exists a split bearer, thereby providing efficient support to network administration and maintenance.

Abstract: A device receives fading channel conditions to utilize for simulating behavior of multiple mobile devices in a mobile network, and at least one of the fading channel conditions for at least one of the multiple mobile devices is different than at least another one of the fading channel conditions for at least another one of the multiple mobile devices. The device generates channel realizations based on the fading channel conditions, and the channel realizations include time-discrete and frequency-discrete random channel coefficients. The device generates a test channel based on the generated channel realizations, and provides the test channel to a receiver device of the mobile network. The test channel causes the receiver device to perform functions associated with processing an actual channel.

Abstract: Systems, master node-based apparatus, and methods are described for enhanced monitoring for an event candidate within a wireless node network. Such a system may include a low-level ID node and a mid-level master node. The master node receives a first group of signals, and then detects if the ID node is broadcasting with a cycling broadcast RF power profile setting, receives a second plurality of advertising signals from the ID node also broadcast with this setting. The master node then determines a first average of an observed parameter for the first advertising signals within a first window of time commensurate with the cycling period and a second average of the observed parameter for the second advertising signals within a second window of time commensurate with the cycling period. The master node then identifies and reports the event candidate when a comparison of the first average and the second average indicates a threshold observed change relative to the ID node.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and apparatuses are presented for performing parallel uplink wireless signal measurements (UL measurements), in which a signal measuring apparatus determines information on UL measurements being performed or to be performed by the signal measuring apparatus over a predetermined measurement period. The signal measuring apparatus further determines a capability of the signal measuring apparatus to perform parallel UL measurements. The signal measuring apparatus may adjust a measurement requirement or a measurement resource based on a comparison of the UL measurements being performed or to be performed over the measurement period with a capability of the measuring apparatus to perform parallel measurements. The signal measuring apparatus performs the UL measurements based on the adjusted measurement requirement or adjusted measurement resource.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method for measuring channel state information in a wireless access system that supports an environment in which an amount of uplink resource and an amount of downlink resource dynamically change, and an apparatus for the method. In detail, the method comprises: a step of receiving interference measurement resource information including information on the location of an interference measurement resource set in an uplink resource for interference measurement; a step of measuring interference being received from an adjacent cell at the location of the interference measurement resource a step of calculating channel state information using the measured interference value; and a step of transmitting the calculated channel state information to a base station.

Abstract: The present invention provides apparatuses, methods, computer programs, computer program products and computer-readable media regarding dormant cell RRM (Radio Resource Management) measurement reporting. Certain aspects of the present invention include configuring, at a base station, a measurment configuration message for causing user equipment served by the base station to perform and report measurements on cells, the measurement configuration message comprising information indicating criteria impacting a measurement reporting procedure with respect to the cells, the said criteria being related to at least one of the state of a cell, a type of a cell, and a type of a signal used for the measurements of the cells, and transmitting said configured measurement configuration message to the user equipment.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a monitoring report generation method where the method includes: receiving a monitoring parameter broadcast by a base station; monitoring energy of each discovery resource in a resource pool within a discovery time domain; determining a busy resource and an idle resource; and generating a monitoring report when a proportion of the busy resource or the idle resource in a predetermined quantity of consecutive discovery time domains meets a reporting condition corresponding to the busy resource or the idle resource, and sending the monitoring report to the base station. This resolves a problem in the related technology that: because D2D user equipment cannot accurately obtain a quantity of resource collision times in a cell, the base station cannot accurately learn a resource status in the cell, and it is ensured that the base station can accurately learn the resource status in the cell.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for adjusting a channel quality indicator (CQI) feedback period to increase uplink capacity in a wireless communication system are disclosed. The uplink capacity is increased by reducing the uplink interference caused by CQI transmissions. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) monitors a status of downlink transmissions to the WTRU and sets the CQI feedback period based on the status of the downlink transmissions to the WTRU. A base station monitors uplink and downlink transmission needs. The base station determines the CQI feedback period of at least one WTRU based on the uplink and downlink transmission needs and sends a command to the WTRU to change the CQI feedback period of the WTRU.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices are described for wireless communications. A device may utilize enhanced roaming techniques to identify a candidate channel for roaming. In one example, a device determines whether a candidate channel is congested by calculating a congestion metric associated with traffic over the shared channel. In some examples, the congestion metric is calculated based at least in part on an amount of energy measured over the candidate. For instance, the calculated congestion metric can be an instantaneous congestion level measured during a CCA. The device may then determine whether to roam to the candidate channel based at least in part on the calculated congestion metric.

Abstract: An arrangement of a mesh network comprising a first station, a second station and one or more intermediate stations is disclosed. The first, second and one or more intermediate stations are configured to comprise a sleep mode wherein the first, second and one or more intermediate stations are idle, and an awake mode wherein the first, second and one or more intermediate stations are awake. The first, second and one or more intermediate stations are further configured to be in the awake mode during a duration of a discovery window—DW—and a mesh management window—MMW—and wherein first, second and one or more intermediate stations are configured to listen for a synchronization beacon during the DW and to transmit and/or listen for zero or more mesh path hybrid wireless mesh protocol—HWMP—frames during the MMW.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention relates to a method for receiving signal from BS (Base station) and saving energy that is delivered via the signal; determining whether a local computing is feasible and whether an offloading is feasible; and performing one of the local computing or the offloading according to the determination.

Abstract: Metrics may be used by user equipment (UE) to steer traffic through different access networks or to provide access network mobility decisions. For example, in one implementation, a UE may determine metrics relating to network conditions associated with at least a non-cellular access network. The metrics may include receive a first value relating to channel utilization of a link between the UE and a WLAN; and a second value relating to a data rate of a link between the WLAN and a WAN.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for indicating quality of service (QoS) of device-to-device (D2D) data in a wireless communication system is provided. A first user equipment (UE) determines a value of a field in a header based on an identified QoS of the D2D data, and transmits to a second UE a layer 2 protocol data unit (PDU), which includes the header including the field having the determined value. Upon receiving the layer 2 PDU, the second UE identifies the QoS of the D2D data based on the value of the field in the header.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a wireless communication system. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method and a device for triggering a buffer status reporting in dual connectivity, the method comprising: configuring a threshold value for a PDCPentity associated with a first MAC entity for a first eNB and a second MAC entity for a second eNB for a radio bearer; checking, by the PDCP entity, whether an amount of uplink data available for transmission in the PDCP entity is less than the threshold value; and indicating, by the PDCP entity, that the amount of uplink data available for transmission in the PDCP entity is ‘0’ to the second MAC entity, if the amount of uplink data available for transmission in the PDCP entity is less than the threshold value.

Abstract: Provided is a terminal capability control method. In the method, a User Equipment (UE) reports Buffer Status Reports (BSRs) to each evolved Node B (eNB) connected to the UE; and the UE receives uplink licence information sent by each eNB, wherein the uplink licence information is configured by each eNB according to the BSRs and a UE capability allocation rule negotiated in accordance with a UE capability range. Another terminal capability control method, a UE and an eNB and two computer storage media are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides a radio access network device, a user equipment, and a method for reporting status of a buffer. The method includes: determining whether a rate at which a user equipment receives service data is lower than a rate at which the user equipment plays service data; increasing resource for receiving downlink service data for the user equipment if it is determined that the rate at which the user equipment receives service data is lower than the rate at which the user equipment plays service data. The present invention solves the problem of service interruption caused when all the service data cached in the buffer is consumed due to that the rate at which the user equipment receives service data is lower than the rate at which the user equipment plays service data after network environment changes, thereby guaranteeing the continuity of the service.

Abstract: A disclosure of the present specification provides a method of blocking network access in user equipment (UE). The method may include the steps of: receiving application attribute related information at a home public land mobile network (HPLMN); receiving application specific congestion control for data communication (ACDC) blocking information at the HPLMN or a visited PLMN (VPLMN); determining the category of an application being executed based on the application attribute related information when there is information on the application being executed in the application attribute related information; and performing an ACDC blocking check based on matched ACDC blocking information when the ACDC blocking information is matched with the determined category from among the ACDC blocking information.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and computer readable media for communicating RAN congestion status information for large numbers of users are disclosed. In one example, a method for communicating RAN congestion status information for a large number of users includes steps performed PCRF including one or more processors. The method further includes receiving a user-specific message from an RCAF. The method further includes determining that the user-specific message indicates that one or more eNodeBs monitored by the RCAF is congested for a plurality of users using the one or more eNodeBs for radio access to a telecommunications network. The method further includes, in response to determining that the user-specific message indicates that the one or more eNodeBs are congested, performing one or more actions to mitigate the congestion.

Abstract: A system and method for concealing bandwidth reduction of a VoIP call voice is provided. In a method for dynamic bandwidth extension during a call session between a first transceiver device and a second transceiver device, the first transceiver device compares a bit rate of received packet data with a threshold bit rate, and the first transceiver device determines whether to perform bandwidth extension during the call session based on the comparison. The bit rate is controlled based on a degree of network congestion between the first transceiver device and the second transceiver device.

Abstract: A dynamic spectrum arbitrage (DSA) system may include a dynamic spectrum policy controller (DPC) and a dynamic spectrum controller (DSC) that together dynamically manage the allocation and use of resources (e.g., spectrum resources) across different networks. The DSC and/or DPC components may be configured to monitor a congestion state of an eNodeB, and intelligently allocate resources, manage user traffic of the eNodeBs, select target eNodeBs for handovers, determine the quality of service (QoS) levels that are to be given to wireless devices attached to the eNodeBs, and/or perform other similar operations to intelligently manage the allocation and use of resources by the various networks. The DPC and/or DSC components may be also configured to perform these and other operations based on the transitions, changes, transition rates, or rates of change in the congestion levels of the network components.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a pre-5th-generation (5G) or 5G communication system to be provided for supporting rates beyond 4th-generation (4G) communication system such as a long term evolution (LTE). An operating method of a transmitting apparatus in a mobile communication system is provided. The method comprises regenerating a first interference signal for a receiving apparatus that a service is provided by at least one transmitting apparatus different from the transmitting apparatus at second time prior to first time; and transmitting the regenerated first interference signal at the first time.

Abstract: This disclosure describes methods, apparatus, and systems related to a high efficiency signal field coding system. A device may determine a high efficiency preamble in accordance with a high efficiency communication standard to be sent to one or more devices, the high efficiency preamble including at least in part a high efficiency signal field. The device may determine a common part included in the high efficiency signal field. The device may determine one or more device specific parts associated with the one or more devices. The device may encode the high efficiency signal field based at least in part on a predetermination combination of at least one of the common part or the one or more device specific parts. The device may cause to send the high efficiency preamble to the one or more devices, including the encoded high efficiency signal field.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for close-proximity communication. The close-proximity communication method performed by a transmitter includes generating a physical layer (PHY) frame including a PHY preamble, a frame header, and a payload field, and transmitting the generated PHY frame to a receiver, in which the frame header may include a media access control (MAC) header, a header check sequence (HCS), and a Reed-Solomon (RS) parity bit.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and computer-readable storage media for load-balancing are disclosed. An access point receives a communication request and an identifier from a wireless device. The access point determines a plurality of potential endpoints and selects at least one preferred potential endpoint for the wireless device, based on the identifier and the plurality of potential endpoints. The access point establishes a tunnel between the access point and the preferred endpoint for routing traffic associated with the wireless device.