Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method for hydrogenating a biodiesel fuel for producing a biodiesel fuel having an excellent oxidation stability and cold flow property. The present invention serves to produce a biodiesel fuel excellent in oxidation stability, by hydrogenating a biodiesel fuel with oxygen present in the reaction system in the presence of a catalyst containing at least one type of noble metal selected from metals of Groups 8 to 10 in the periodic table.

Abstract: Systems and processes for the production of fuel and fuel blends involve the production of fuels for blending with one or more alcohols such as ethanol and/or butanol. A method for producing a fuel blend includes blending a light distillate product from an oil refinery with butanol. The fuel blending can be at the oil refinery.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a non-molded solid fuel using a combustible waste material includes (a) primarily crushing an inflowing waste material using a bag-tearing and crushing device, (b) separating iron from the primarily crushed waste material using a first magnetic sorter, (c) sorting the waste material, from which the iron is separated, according to the particle size of the waste material using a first oscillating multi-stage particle-size sorter, (d) secondarily crushing the waste material having a large particle size using an impact crusher, (e) separating the iron from the secondarily crushed waste material using a second magnetic sorter, (f) sorting the waste material, from which the iron is separated, according to the weight of the waste material using a wind power sorter, (g) separating the iron from a light material, and (h) pulverizing the waste material, from which the iron is separated.

Abstract: An exemplary embodiment can be an exemplary method, which can include, for example, generating a cool flame(s) using a plasma-assisted combustion, and maintaining the cool flame(s). The cool flame(s) can have a temperature below about 1050 Kelvin, which can be about 700 Kelvin. The cool flame(s) can be further generated using a heated counterflow burning arrangement and a an ozone generating arrangement. The heated counterflow burning arrangement can include a liquid fuel vaporization arrangement. The ozone generating arrangement can include a micro plasma dielectric barrier discharge arrangement. The plasma-assisted combustion can be generated using (i) liquid n-heptane, (i) heated nitrogen, and (iii) ozone.

Abstract: Disclosed are materials that possess both low adhesion and the ability to absorb water. The material passively absorbs water from the atmosphere and then expels this water upon impact with debris, to create a self-cleaning layer. The lubrication reduces friction and surface adhesion of the debris (such as an insect), which may then slide off the surface. The invention provides a material comprising a continuous matrix including a polymer having a low surface energy (less than 50 mJ/m2) and a plurality of inclusions, dispersed within the matrix, each comprising a hygroscopic material. The continuous matrix and the inclusions form a lubricating surface layer in the presence of humidity. The material optionally contains porous nanostructures that inject water back onto the surface after an impact, absorbing water under pressure and then releasing water when the pressure is removed. The material may be a coating or a surface, for example.

Abstract: There is provided a resin composition for a machinable liner of a sliding member. An ultraviolet curable resin composition for a self-lubricating liner contains a (meth)acrylate compound having an isocyanuric acid ring represented by the following formula and PTFE as a solid lubricant. In the formula (1), X is a group which contains an acryloyl group and is composed only of C, H, and O. Y and Z are groups each composed only of C, H, and O. PTFE is contained in an amount of 10 to 50% by weight with respect to a total amount of the ultraviolet curable resin composition. The ultraviolet curable resin composition is suitable for a self-lubricating liner 24 of a spherical bearing 20 having an outer race 22 and an inner race 26.

Abstract: The invention provides a lubricating composition containing a ?-amino compound. The invention further relates to a method of lubricating an internal combustion engine by lubricating the engine with the lubricating composition. The invention further relates to the use of the ?-amino carbonyl compound as copper corrosion inhibitors, friction control agents, antiwear and/or extreme pressure agents.

Abstract: An overbased sulfurized alkaline earth metal alkylphenate is prepared by reacting an alkylphenol with an alkaline earth metal hydroxide or an alkaline earth metal oxide and sulfur in the presence of an alkylene glycol or dialkylene glycol, or ether thereof and in the presence of an oil of lubricating viscosity, and optionally further reacting the product thereof with carbon dioxide; thereby forming a sulfurized alkaline earth metal alkylphenate composition in oil. The composition is heated and subjected to steam stripping followed by filtration. The resulting product exhibits an improved rate and efficiency of filtration.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition and method of operating a boosted internal combustion engine. The lubricating oil composition includes greater than 50 wt. % of a base oil, an overbased detergent having a TBN greater than 225 mg KOH/g and a low-based/neutral detergent having a TBN up to 175 mg KOH/g. A total amount of calcium from the overbased and low-based/neutral detergent is greater than 1100 ppm to less than 2400 ppm by weight based on a total weight of the lubricating oil composition. The lubricating oil composition and method may be effective to reduce low-speed pre-ignition events in a boosted internal combustion engine lubricated with the lubricating oil composition relative to commercially available lubricating oil compositions.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition and method of operating a boosted internal combustion engine. The lubricating oil composition includes greater than 50 wt. % of a base oil, one or more overbased calcium-containing detergents having a TBN greater than 225 mg KOH/g and one or more magnesium-containing detergents. A total amount of calcium from the one or more overbased calcium-containing detergents is from 900 ppm to less than 2400 ppm by weight, and a total amount of magnesium from the one or more magnesium-containing detergents is from 50 ppm to 500 ppm by weight, both based on a total weight of the lubricating oil composition. The lubricating oil composition and the method of using it are effective to reduce low speed pre-ignition events in a boosted internal combustion engine lubricated with the lubricating oil composition.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition and method of operating a boosted internal combustion engine. The lubricating oil composition includes a major amount of a base oil, one or more overbased calcium-containing detergents having a total base number of greater than 225 mg KOH/gram, to provide greater than 900 ppm by weight to less than 2400 ppm by weight of calcium to the lubricating oil composition, and a low speed pre-ignition reducing amount of one or more titanium-containing compounds to provide from 10 ppm to 3000 ppm titanium and/or one or more tungsten-containing compounds to provide from 125 ppm to 3000 ppm tungsten, all based on the total weight of the lubricating composition. The low speed pre-ignition events in the boosted internal combustion engine may be reduced relative to a number of low speed pre-ignition events in the same engine lubricated with the same lubricating oil without the titanium- and/or tungsten-containing additive.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition and method of operating a boosted internal combustion engine. The lubricating oil composition has not more than 150 ppm sodium and includes a major amount of a base oil and an additive composition that includes one or more overbased calcium-containing detergents having a total base number of greater than 225 mg KOH/gram, in an amount sufficient to provide greater than 1100 ppm by weight to less than 2400 ppm by weight of calcium to the lubricating oil composition, and one or more molybdenum-containing compounds in an amount sufficient to provide at least about 80 ppm by weight molybdenum to the lubricating oil composition, all based on the total weight of the lubricating composition. The oil and method may reduce low-speed pre-ignition events in the boosted internal combustion engine relative to a number of low-speed pre-ignition events in the same engine lubricated with a reference lubricating oil.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition and method of for providing an acceptable number of low-speed pre-ignition events in a boosted internal combustion engine using the lubricating oil composition. The lubricating oil composition includes greater than 50 wt. % of a base oil of lubricating viscosity, and an additive composition that includes an overbased calcium-containing detergent having a TBN greater than 225 mg KOH/g, and one or more zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate compounds are derived from a molar ratio of secondary alcohol to primary alcohol of 20:100 to about 100:0 and have an average total carbon content of greater than 10 carbon atoms per mole of phosphorous. The lubricating oil compositions contains the overbased calcium-containing detergent in an amount to provide greater than 900 ppm to less than 2400 ppm by weight calcium, and at least 0.01 wt. % of the zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate, both amounts based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.

Abstract: A vehicle transmission incorporating a wet clutch, said clutch being lubricated by a transmission fluid containing a major amount of a lubricating oil and a minor amount of an additive composition including: (i) a compound of structure (I): wherein a is an integer from 1 to 10 and R is a hydrocarbon group made by the metallocene-catalysed polymerisation of an alphaolefin feedstock, said feedstock being 1-octene, 1-decene, 1-dodecene or any mixture thereof; (ii) a friction modifier; and (iii) an oil-soluble phosphorus compound.

Abstract: A composition includes molybdenum disulfide, epoxy binder, and 0.01 to 3 wt % lead. The composition is useful, for example, as dry film lubricant.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition and method of operating a spark ignition combustion engine. The lubricating oil composition includes a major amount of a base oil of lubricating viscosity and an additive composition that includes an over-based detergent and a low-based/neutral detergent, wherein a total amount of calcium from the over-based and low-based/neutral detergent ranges from greater than 1100 ppm by weight to less than 2400 ppm by weight based on a total weight of the lubricating oil composition. The lubricating oil composition is effective to reduce low-speed pre-ignition events in a turbocharged gasoline engine lubricated with the lubricating oil composition.

Abstract: An oil-based release agent of the present invention contains a petroleum-based hydrocarbon solvent (a) and a high temperature adhesive (b), is applied to a metal die used for die casting or casting, has high adhesion and high lubricity even with respect to a metal die at a high temperature particularly of 300° C. or higher, and can prevent seizure. In addition, the present invention provides a method for applying the oil-based release agent of the present invention by controlling an adhesion amount thereof by micronization and speed-control thereof with respect to a metal die at a high temperature, and an electrostatic application method.

Abstract: The present invention provides a refrigerating machine oil comprising at least one oxygen-containing oil having a carbon/oxygen molar ratio of 2.5 or more and 5.8 or less as a base oil, and the refrigerating machine oil being used with a trifluoroethylene refrigerant.

Abstract: An apparatus for extracting organic compounds from plant materials using subcritical or supercritical carbon dioxide is described. The apparatus has a sealable pressure chamber into which carbon dioxide dry ice and the plant materials are inserted, the pressure chamber, once sealed, self-pressurizing as the container and contents are warmed to a chosen temperature, converting the solid CO2 to liquid, or to a super-critical fluid as the temperature and pressure are raised above the Critical Point. The chamber can be rotated when subcritical CO2 liquid is employed to improve mixing between the liquid and the plant material.

Abstract: An apparatus for extracting organic compounds from plant materials using subcritical or supercritical carbon dioxide is described. The apparatus has a sealable pressure chamber into which carbon dioxide dry ice and the plant materials are inserted, the pressure chamber, once sealed, self-pressurizing as the container and contents are warmed to a chosen temperature, converting the solid CO2 to liquid, or to a super-critical fluid as the temperature and pressure are raised above the Critical Point. The chamber can be rotated when subcritical CO2 liquid is employed to improve mixing between the liquid and the plant material.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and compositions for recovering oil from stillage. The method comprises the addition of a surfactant and a microparticle comprising hydrophilic silica to a grain to ethanol stillage. The methods and compositions of the present invention release oil trapped in solid aggregates, increasing the total amount of oil extracted from the stillage.

Abstract: Lipid-based wax compositions and their methods of making are provided for compositions substantially free of fat bloom. The compositions comprise 0.1-10 percent by weight triacylglycerides, 30-95 percent by weight monoacylglycerides and diacylglycerides combined, and 0.1-65 percent by weight fatty acids. The methods comprise blending the monoacylglycerides, diacylglycerides, triacylglycerides, and fatty acids by heating the lipid-based wax composition at a sufficiently high temperature to destroy substantially all crystal structure within the lipid-based wax composition. The methods further comprise pouring the lipid-based wax composition into a mold or a container having a surface and a core, wherein the pouring is conducted at a temperature at least 15° C. greater than the congeal point of the lipid-based wax composition. The methods further comprise cooling the lipid-based wax composition under conditions sufficient to cool the core to at least 5° C.

Abstract: A cleaning product including a spray dispenser and a cleaning composition suitable for spraying and foaming, the composition housed in the spray dispenser and includes: i) from about 5 to about 15% by weight of the composition of a surfactant system; and ii) a specific glycol ether solvent, the surfactant system and the glycol ether solvent are in a weight ratio of from about 5:1 to about 1:1.

Abstract: A cleaning product having a spray dispenser and a cleaning composition suitable for spraying, the composition housed in the spray dispenser wherein the composition contains: i) at least 5% by weight of the composition of a specific surfactant system; and ii) a specific glycol ether solvent.

Abstract: A method of washing dishware including the steps of: i) delivering a detergent composition in its neat form onto the dishware or a cleaning implement; ii) cleaning the dishware with the detergent composition in the presence of water; and iii) optionally rinsing the dishware.

Abstract: A liquid detergent composition containing a specific surfactant system and specific cyclic diamine.

Abstract: Hard surface cleaning compositions comprising a glycol ether solvent and from about 3% to about 15% by weight of surfactant, and having a pH of greater than about 7, can be used for removing stains, especially hydrophobic stains.

Abstract: The present invention relates to mildly alkaline bathroom and/or hard surface cleaners providing improved foam performance. In particular, a concentrated, preferably disinfecting, high performance foaming cleaning composition is disclosed which can reduce or eliminate the need for scrubbing on bathroom and other hard surfaces. Methods of use are further disclosed for bathroom and/or other hard surface cleaning. The foam has increased stability for a period of time, followed by dissipation with an audible “crackling” sound and easy rinsability.

Abstract: Glycol ether solvents can be used in liquid cleaning compositions to improve the removal of hydrophobic stains from hard surfaces, and also improve the sudsing profile of the composition.

Abstract: Acidic hard surface cleaning compositions comprising a glycol ether solvent and having a pH of less than about 7, can be used for providing a combination of lime scale removal and removal of hydrophobic stains.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to cleaning compositions and, more specifically, to cleaning compositions containing a cyclic amine that is suitable for removal of stains from soiled materials and a fabric-softening silicone.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to cleaning compositions and, more specifically, to cleaning compositions containing a cyclic amine that is suitable for removal of stains from soiled materials and an encapsulated perfume.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polypeptides having alpha-amylase activity and polynucleotides encoding the polypeptides. The invention also relates to nucleic acid constructs, vectors, and host cells comprising the polynucleotides as well as methods of producing and using the polypeptides.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to cleaning compositions and, more specifically, to cleaning compositions containing a cyclic amine that is suitable for removal of stains from soiled materials and a fabric shading agent and/or a brightener.

Abstract: A fragrance tablet having a fragrance selected from the group consisting of synthetic fragrances, natural fragrances and essential oils; and a fragrance tablet delivery device, wherein said fragrance tablet delivery device is water soluble and related method is disclosed. The fragrance tablet dissolves in wash water and mixes with non-fragranced laundry detergent to create a desired scent.

Abstract: A method of visualizing the cleaning performance of a cleaning composition is provided.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a de bluing agent for cleaning the engine pipes. It is very helpful in cleaning the bluing of engine pipes in short span of time De bluing agent has detergent oil for cleaning the engine pipe. It has white diamond polish for cleaning the severe bluing from engine pipes. Users just have to start their vehicle engine for 3 minutes and then stop for applying the de bluing agent on engine pipe. No rubbing required in it for removing the bluing from motor cycle pipes. Present invention takes less tune and it lasts a long time on new and old pipes when done properly.

Abstract: The present invention makes it possible to provide a semiconductor element cleaning method that is characterized in that: a hard mask pattern is formed on a substrate that has a low relative permittivity film and at least one of a cobalt, a cobalt alloy, or a tungsten plug; and a cleaning liquid that contains 0.001-20% by mass of an alkali metallic compound, 0.1-30% by mass of quaternary ammonium hydroxide, 0.01-60% by mass of a organic water-soluble solvent, 0.0001-0.1% by mass of hydrogen peroxide, and water is subsequently used on a semiconductor element in which, using the hard mask pattern as a mask, the hard mask, the low relative permittivity film, and a barrier insulating film are dry etched, and dry etch residues are removed.

Abstract: A method of producing washing hydrogen water in an embodiment, includes: a step of storing ammonia water in a first tank; a step of transferring the ammonia water from the first tank to a second tank; a step of diluting the transferred ammonia water with ultrapure water in the second tank; a step of mixing the diluted ammonia water into hydrogen water; and a washing step of washing an inside of the first tank by ultrapure water to remove fine particles derived from ammonia generated in the first tank.

Abstract: A remnant soap melting and shaping assembly includes a housing including a bottom wall, a top wall and a perimeter wall attached to and extending between the top and bottom walls. The perimeter wall have a break therein dividing the housing into a base including the bottom wall and a cover including the top wall. The cover is movable between an open position and a closed position with respect to the base. A heating element is positioned within the housing adjacent to the bottom wall. A container is removably positioned in the housing and is positionable on the heating element. The heating element heats the container and melt soap positioned in the container. An inner lid is attached to an inside surface of the cover and has a perimeter edge that is mated with an upper edge of the container when the cover is placed in the closed position.

Abstract: A cleaning composition, which is self-adhering upon application to a hard surface, is provided. The cleaning composition includes an adhesion promoter, water and a sufficient amount of a basic agent, such that a mixture of the composition with deionized water has a pH of at least about 10. The adhesion promoter typically includes one or more organic compounds, each containing at least one hydrophilic group. The cleaning compositions may also include at least one surfactant selected from the group of: anionic, nonionic, cationic, amphoteric, and/or zwitterionic surfactants; where one or more of the surfactants may serve all or in part as the adhesion promoter.

Abstract: Cleaning compositions, which are typically self-adhering in gel form upon application to a hard surface, and which are desirably capable of being applied in aerosol form, are provided. The aqueous-based cleaning compositions include an adhesion promoter, which typically includes one or more organic molecules, each containing at least one hydrophilic group; and an anionic, nonionic, cationic, amphoteric and/or zwitterionic surfactant; and (c) a propellant. In many embodiments, the aqueous-based composition and propellant are contained within a single compartment of a dispensing device.

Abstract: A cleaning product having a spray dispenser and a cleaning composition suitable for spraying, the composition housed in the spray dispenser wherein the composition includes: i. 5% to 15% by weight of the composition of a specific surfactant system; and ii. a specific glycol ether solvent.

Abstract: A cleaning product having a spray dispenser and a cleaning composition suitable for spraying and foaming, the composition housed in the spray dispenser wherein the composition contains: i) a surfactant system comprising a branched short chain alkyl sulfate and a specific co-surfactant; and ii) a specific glycol ether solvent.

Abstract: A cleaning product having a spray dispenser and a cleaning composition suitable for spraying and foaming, the composition housed in the spray dispenser wherein the composition contains: i) 2 to 15% by weight of a surfactant system comprising an alkyl ethoxylated sulfate anionic surfactant and a specific co-surfactant; and ii) a specific glycol ether solvent.

Abstract: Presented is an airway organ bioreactor apparatus, and methods of use thereof, as well as bioartificial airway organs produced using the methods, and methods of treating subjects using the bioartificial airway organs. The bioreactor comprises: an organ chamber; an ingres line connecting the organ chamber and a reservoir system and comprising an arterial line, a venous line and a tracheal line; an egress line connecting the chamber and the reservoir system, pumps in ingress and egress lines; a controller to control fluid exchange; a chamber pressure sensor connected to the organ chamber.

Abstract: Provided herein is a cell culture module for culturing one or more cells in an array of chambers formed therein the cell culture module. In some cases, the cell culture module may further comprise one or more sensors. In some cases, the cell culture module may further comprise one or more electrodes.

Abstract: A cell culture method in which cells are cultured by using a plurality of culture containers, each including one port for transferring contents with other containers, includes accommodating a cell suspension containing the cells and a culture medium within a first culture container among the plurality of culture containers, connecting a culture medium supply container that supplies a culture medium to the plurality of culture containers and the first culture container with a tube, and other culture containers among the plurality of culture containers are connected in sequence to the first culture container by a tube, starting cell culture in the first culture container, and after completion of the culture in the first culture container, transferring a cell suspension that contains cultured cells from the first culture container to a second culture container connected to the first culture container.

Abstract: The present invention provides a device for producing a large number of uniform spheroids by an easy method. The spheroid-producing device (1) at least includes a first surface (11), a second surface (12), and a plurality of wall surfaces (13). The second surface (12) faces the first surface (11). The respective wall surfaces (13) constitute a plurality of holes penetrating through the first surface and the second surface. In addition, an equivalent diameter of inscribed circles of openings in the first surface (11) is greater than an equivalent diameter of inscribed circles of openings in the second surface (12).

Abstract: A bioreactor (1) for the culture of cells (C) comprising a stack of carriers (7) for cell (C) adherence and liquid medium (M) distribution. The carriers (7) are stacked so as to define levels (6) between adjacent carriers (7) for the flow of the liquid medium (M). Adjacent levels (6) are fluidly interconnected via open spaces (2) so that the liquid medium (M) can flow from one level (6) to an adjacent level (6). The open spaces (2) between a first and an adjacent second level (6?) do not overlap with the one or more open spaces (2) between the second level (6?) and an adjacent third level (6?). One or more of the carriers may also include an area adapted to prevent cell adhesion or growth, thereby allowing for the viewing of cell growth on adjacent carriers from a vantage point external to the bioreactor. Related methods are also disclosed.