Abstract: A method for detecting an analyte in a bodily fluid includes placing the detector in contact with at least one metabolite resulting from the metabolism or degradation of the analyte. The contact between the detector and the metabolite produces an optically detectable signal. The detection method includes the detection of the metabolite only in gas form, said metabolite in gas form coming from the evaporation of at least a part of said metabolite. The detection is also carried out without contact between the bodily fluid and the detector. A dressing for implementing the detection method is also described.

Abstract: There is provided a method of monitoring one or more specified reactions in a fluid medium sample using a thermal signature, comprising providing at least one micro-cantilever sensor, said micro-cantilever sensor comprising at least two materials having different coefficients of thermal expansion, and having a heater and piezo-resistive sensor integrated therein, calibrating the at least one micro-cantilever response to thermal changes to form a calibrated micro-cantilever response characteristic, starting the specified reaction in the fluid medium sample, pulsing the heater with one or more electrical pulses to induce heat generation in the micro-cantilever, sampling the output of the integrated piezo-resistive sensor to characterize a response of the micro-cantilever during the specified reaction in the fluid medium, and subtracting the calibrated micro-cantilever response characteristic from the sampled output to determine a characteristic of the one or more specified reactions in the fluid medium sample.

Abstract: The invention features compositions and methods that are useful for precisely determining the amount of one or more analytes present in a sample. In one aspect, the invention provides a composition for measuring the abundance of one or more target analytes in a sample, where the composition contains a set of detection units for each analyte fixed to a substrate (e.g., a membrane, bead, filter, chip, polymer-based film or glass slide, or other printable surface), where each detection unit contains a discrete amount of a capture agent that specifically binds the target analyte, and the amount of capturing agent varies over the set to form a concentration gradient.

Abstract: The invention generally relates to methods for indicating whether an assay for isolating targets is properly isolating and detecting targets. Methods of the invention involve obtaining a sample suspected of a containing target, introducing a detectable marker into the sample, conducting an assay using magnet particles to isolate the detectable marker and the target if it is present in the sample, determining the presence or absence of the target; and confirming that the assay functioned properly by determining presence or absence of the detectable marker.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions and methods for capture and identification of the cellular targets of a bioactive agent. In particular, provided herein are bioactive agents tethered to capture ligand, cellular targets (optionally tagged with a reporter), capture proteins (optionally present as capture fusions), surfaces (e.g., displaying, capture ligands, capture proteins, or capture fusions), and methods of capturing and identifying the cellular targets of a bioactive agent therewith.

Abstract: The ability to levitate, to separate, and to detect changes in density using diamagnetic particles suspended in solutions containing paramagnetic cations using an inhomogeneous magnetic field is described. The major advantages of this separation device are that: i) it is a simple apparatus that does not require electric power (a set of permanent magnets and gravity are sufficient for the diamagnetic separation and collection system to work); ii) it is compatible with simple optical detection (provided that transparent materials are used to fabricate the containers/channels where separation occurs; iii) it is simple to collect the separated particles for further processing; iv) it does not require magnetic labeling of the particles/materials; and v) it is small, portable.

Abstract: A nanopore structure includes an aperture extending from a first surface to a second surface of a substrate, the aperture having a wall comprising gold ions embedded in the substrate, the wall defining a first diameter; a first deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) layer including a thiolated DNA strand covalently bonded to the embedded gold ions within the wall of the aperture; and a second DNA layer hydrogen bonded to the first DNA layer, the second DNA layer defines a substantially cylindrical nanopore that defines a second diameter within the wall of the aperture, the second DNA layer including a single-stranded DNA strand; wherein the second diameter is less than the first diameter.

Abstract: Methods of treating a subject having a cardiovascular disease, selecting a therapy for a subject having a cardiovascular disease, identifying a subject having a cardiovascular disease that will benefit or not benefit from exercise therapy, determining whether a subject having a cardiovascular disease should begin, continue, not begin, discontinue, or avoid exercise therapy, determining whether a subject having a cardiovascular disease should continue, discontinue, or avoid exercise therapy, reducing the risk of an adverse outcome (e.g., death) in a subject having a cardiovascular disease, and predicting the efficacy of exercise therapy in a subject having a cardiovascular disease. These methods include determining a level of soluble ST2 in a subject.

Abstract: Provided are a single-stranded nucleic acid aptamer simultaneously and specifically binding to various types of microorganisms, and a method of manufacturing the nucleic acid aptamer. For example, provided are a probe that is capable of simultaneously detecting or diagnosing a variety of microorganisms, and a method of manufacturing an aptamer having characteristics of such a probe.

Abstract: The present invention includes a method of detecting ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-induced skin damage in a mammal. The present invention also includes a method of identifying a mammal at risk of developing UVR-induced skin damage, photoaging, or photocarcinogenesis. The present invention further includes a method of inhibiting UVR-induced skin damage in a mammal at risk of developing UVR-induced skin damage. The present invention also includes a method of reducing the level of Syk kinase in the skin of a mammal. The present invention further includes methods of treating or diagnosing a disease associated with a change of Syk kinase expression in the skin in a mammal.

Abstract: Antibodies for detecting nitration of nitrotyrosine 247 PKG-1? and antibodies for detecting nitrotyrosine 425 of PKG-1? are disclosed. Methods of detecting nitrotyrosine 247 PKG-1? and nitrotyrosine 425 of PKG-1?, and uses thereof are also disclosed for identification and diagnosis or phenotypes, pathologies, diseases and disorders associated with protein nitration of PKG-1? are also disclosed. In a preferred embodiment, one or more of the disclosed antibodies is used in the disclosed methods.

Abstract: The present invention provides sets of VOCs for breath analysis. Methods of use thereof in diagnosing, monitoring or prognosing breast cancer, head and neck cancer, prostate cancer or colon cancer are disclosed.

Abstract: Methods for predicting cancer recurrence following a BCG immunotherapy are provided. In some aspects, cytokine levels from a patient are measured before and after a BCG therapy and the changes in cytokine levels are used to determine the risk of cancer lapse. Methods for selecting a patient for a further anti-cancer therapy are also provided.

Abstract: A polypeptide comprising the contiguous amino acids 1-198 of SEQ ID NO: 2; a polypeptide, which comprises a contiguous amino acid sequence that is at least about 95% identical to the contiguous amino acids 1-198 of SEQ ID NO: 2, an epitope that is immunoreactive with an antibody that specifically binds to the core protein of hepatitis C virus (HCV), and an epitope that is immunoreactive with an antibody that specifically binds to the NS4 region of HCV; a nucleic acid encoding such a polypeptide; a host cell comprising such a nucleic acid; an immunodiagnostic reagent comprising such a polypeptide; a kit comprising such an immunodiagnostic reagent; and a method of determining the presence, amount, or concentration of anti-HCV antibodies in a test sample.

Abstract: A device for rapid detection of cerebrospinal fluid in a sample fluid, the device uses a sample pad with sensors for detecting the presence of one or more analytes in the sample fluid and an analyzer operatively connected to the sample pad, for quantitative analysis of one or more analytes. A display unit operably connected to the analyzer, for displaying an output of the analysis may also be a part of the device, wherein the display unit may be able to indicate presence or absence of cerebrospinal fluid leakage using an indicator.

Abstract: A method for aiding in categorizing or determining prognosis in a subject with COPD, or in selecting a therapeutic strategy for a subject with COPD, or in monitoring disease progression or assessing effectiveness of a treatment regime for COPD, the method comprising the step of assessing the antibody response to carbonylated vimentin in a sample obtained from the subject. The method may further comprise the step of selecting a treatment regime making use of the information on the antibody response to carbonylated vimentin in the sample. The step of assessing of the antibody response to carbonylated vimentin may comprise the step of determining the ratio of IgG to IgM in the antibody response to carbonylated vimentin.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for diagnosing Q-fever in a subject, the method comprising the steps of: (a) obtaining a sample from said subject, (b) contacting said sample with a source of a Coxiella burnetii antigen and (c) determining the expression level of a pro-inflammatory cytokine such as IFN-? in said sample at the end of step (b).

Abstract: Assays for selecting a candidate modulator of a TMEM120A ion channel and/or a candidate modulator of chronic pain, the steps comprising contacting a lipid membrane comprising contacting a lipid membrane comprising TMEM120A polypeptide with a test compound; quantitating the TMEM120A ion channel activity; comparing the ion channel activity of the TMEM120A polypeptide with a control; and selecting the test compound that modulates the ion channel activity compared to the control; and methods and compositions for treating chronic pain including osteoarthritic pain.

Abstract: Specific peptides, and derived ionization characteristics of those peptides, from the Bcl-2-like protein 11 (BIM) are provided that are particularly advantageous for quantifying the BIM protein directly in biological samples that have been fixed in formalin by the method of Selected Reaction Monitoring (SRM) mass spectrometry, or what can also be termed as Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM). Such biological samples are chemically preserved and fixed where the biological sample is selected from tissues and cells treated with formaldehyde containing agents/fixatives including formalin-fixed tissue/cells, formalin-fixed/paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue/cells, FFPE tissue blocks and cells from those blocks, and tissue culture cells that have been formalin fixed and or paraffin embedded.

Abstract: This invention is related to the field of the prevention and treatment of kidney disease. The treatment of kidney disease may be tailored depending upon the need for, or expectation of, renal recovery. For example, renal recovery can be determined by monitoring urine biomarkers related to the development of chronic kidney disease. For example, a normalized time course of approximately fourteen Days measuring urinary proteins can be used to establish the risk of recovery versus non-recovery in patient's having suffered an acute kidney injury. Alternatively, the invention describes signature protein expression profiles to establish the probability of renal recovery and/or renal non-recovery.

Abstract: The present invention provides for the identification of individuals having neurodegenerative diseases (ND). Peptoids recognized by Parkinson's Disease- and Alzheimer's Disease-specific antibodies are identified, allowing one to diagnose or predict ND in subjects.

Abstract: There are provided compounds and methods for the detection of amyloids and treatment of diseases related to amyloids including Alzheimer's disease and other related amyloid-based neurodegenerative diseases.

Abstract: A liquid reagent of a stabilized thyroid hormone-immobilized carrier, by which a thyroid hormone can be measured easily in a short time and at low cost, is provided. The liquid reagent of a thyroid hormone-immobilized carrier according to the present invention includes: a thyroid hormone-immobilized carrier; and a solvent, and a pH of the solvent containing the thyroid hormone-immobilized carrier is in a range from 8.7 to 11.5. The detection of a thyroid hormone using the liquid reagent of the present invention can be carried out by competitively binding a thyroid hormone in a sample and the thyroid hormone-immobilized carrier in the liquid reagent with an anti-thyroid hormone antibody and detecting a composite of the thyroid hormone-immobilized carrier and the anti-thyroid hormone antibody.

Abstract: Novel conjugates of 5-fluoro-uracil and novel 5-fluoro-uracil immunogens and monoclonal antibodies generated by these immunogens which are useful in immunoassays for the quantification and monitoring of 5-fluoro-uracil in biological fluids.

Abstract: A system for monitoring cleanliness of a material handling system is disclosed. The system includes a measuring device, a first signal device, a second signal device, and a measuring host. The measuring device installed in the cartridges conduct the cleanliness measurements and obtains the measured result. The first signal device installed in the cartridges transforms the measured results to wireless signals. The second signal device installed in a predetermined location outside of the cartridges receives the wireless signal. The measuring host transforms the received wireless signals back to the measured results. The cartridges of the material handling system are also disclosed. The disclosed cleanliness monitoring system and the cartridge can reduce the cost.

Abstract: A device for the interferometric measuring of an object, including a source to generate a source beam, a beam splitting device to split the source beam into a measuring beam and a reference beam, an optic interference device and a first detector, which cooperate such that the measuring beam reflected by the object at least partially is at least partially interfered as the receiver beam and the reference beam on a detector area of the first detector. The beam splitting device splits the source beam into a measuring beam, a first partial reference beam, and at least one second partial reference beam. There is at least one second detector embodied such that the first receiver beam is interfered with the first partial reference beam on a detection area of the first detector and the second partial receiver beam with a second partial reference beam on a detection area of the second detector, each with the formation of an optic interference.

Abstract: Motion detection device consisting of a single encoder and a single stationary sensor element, the encoder, which is arranged on a movable part, representing an asymmetrical pattern. The angular velocity or velocity and the direction of motion of a moving part are determined from the sensor signal by measuring the edge steepness or the rise time or fall time, spectrally analyzing the frequency and the phase relation of a harmonic to the phase of the fundamental mode, or evaluating the asymmetries of a sequence of rectangular pulses.

Abstract: A technique is provided for determining a force/acceleration acting on a proof mass of a bistable device. According to an aspect of the invention, the location of a boundary of one of the stable configurations of the device is monitored. The monitored location is compared to a predetermined location of the same boundary, said predetermined location corresponding to a condition in which the force/acceleration is absent, to detect a deviation of said location. The deviation is indicative of the force/acceleration and can be used to determine the force/acceleration. According to another aspect of the invention, the resonance frequency of the proof mass' oscillation in one of the stable regions is monitored, and compared to a predetermined resonance frequency the proof mass' oscillation in the same region corresponding to a condition in which the force/acceleration is absent, to determine a deviation of the resonance frequency due to the presence of force/acceleration.

Abstract: A package includes a base portion, and a lid which is placed on the base portion to define an inner space with the base portion and has a metal plate layer and a brazing material layer that is laminated on the metal plate layer, in which the base portion has a metalized layer which is joined with the brazing material layer around the inner space in a plane view, and the brazing material layer has a protrusion which protrudes in a opposite direction of the base portion on an outer peripheral side surface of the metal plate layer.

Abstract: An accelerometer arrangement and method are described for determining accelerations of an inground tool. First and second triaxial accelerometers are supported such that a normal sensing axis of the first triaxial accelerometer is at least generally orthogonal to the normal sensing axis of the second triaxial accelerometer for determining the accelerations along the three orthogonal axes based on a combination of sensing axis outputs from one or both of the triaxial accelerometers. A weaker sensing axis of one triaxial accelerometer can be supported at least approximately normal to a weaker sensing axis of another triaxial accelerometer such that the weaker axes are not used. The triaxial accelerometers can be supported such that one axis of one accelerometer can be redundant with respect to another axis of another accelerometer. One triaxial accelerometer can be mounted on a tilted plane with respect to another triaxial accelerometer.

Abstract: The present invention discloses methods, gantry, and room's infrastructure for maneuvering a portable open-bore magnetic resonance device with no fringing of its magnetic field (MRD) from at least one first location towards at least one static patient placed at at least one second remote location. The gantry comprises a transporting mechanism; and, an open-bore MRD, interconnected to the gantry by at least one maneuverable member. The MRD, by means of the gantry, is transportable from the first location to the second remote location adjacent the static patient. The aperture of the MRD's open-bore, by means of said maneuverable member, is directable towards a defined spatially orientation facing the static patient.

Abstract: An apparatus for AC physical signals measurement and data acquisition and the method for the same are provided. The apparatus for AC physical signals measurement and data acquisition comprises an analog sampling channel for inputting an AC signal and outputting an analog sampling value; a sampling switch for performing re-sampling to obtain data frequency as required by the receiving side; a register for storing a re-sampling value from the sampling switch; a bus for outputting the re-sampling value in the register to the receiving side; a timing controller for controlling the analog sampling channel and the re-sampling frequency of the sampling switch; and a digital low-pass filter, which has an input connected with the analog sampling value outputted by the analog sampling channel and an output connected with the sampling switch, filters out high frequency components from the sampling value, and has a cut-off frequency that should be lower than 0.5 times the re-sampling frequency of the sampling switch.

Abstract: A method of detecting an electric current through a main bearing of a rotating system comprising: a hub; a plurality of blades connected to the hub; at least one electrical motor arranged at the hub; a main shaft attached to the hub and enclosing cabling for providing electrical power to the at least one electrical motor; a bearing housing attached to a metallic structure acting as electrical earth; and a main bearing having an inner ring attached to the main shaft and an outer ring attached to the bearing housing, the method comprising the steps of: providing a first measurement device for determining a measure indicative of an electric current in the main shaft at a first location on a side of the main bearing facing the hub; providing a second measurement device for determining a measure indicative of an electric current in the main shaft at a second location on a side of the main bearing facing away from the hub; determining a measure indicative of a difference between a first current flowing through the

Abstract: A method and apparatus for a current-output peak detector. A current-output peak detector circuit is disclosed and works in two phases. The peak detector circuit includes switches to switch the peak detector circuit from the first phase to the second phase upon detection of the peak voltage of an input voltage signal. The peak detector generates a current output with a high degree of accuracy in the second phase.

Abstract: In a related art sensor device, an output voltage of the sensor device is fixed not to a power supply voltage or a ground potential but to an intermediate potential upon disconnection of a power supply line or a ground line. A sensor device 1 is composed of: a detection element 8 whose voltage Vsen changes depending on a detected physical quantity; an output circuit configured by MOS switches 4 to 6, 7, 9, 10 and 12 to 17, capacitors 2, 11 and 18, an operational amplifier 19, a reference voltage source 20, and output NMOS transistor 21; a series circuit of the MOS switch 4 and the capacitor 2, the series circuit being arranged in a negative feedback part of the output circuit; and a diode 3 that connects a well electrode of the MOS switch 4 and a power supply terminal Vcc.

Abstract: Electrical conductance measurement system including a one-dimensional semiconducting channel, with electrical conductance sensitive to electrostatic fluctuations, in a circuit for measuring channel electrical current. An electrically-conductive element is disposed at a location at which the element is capacitively coupled to the channel; a midpoint of the element aligned with about a midpoint of the channel, and connected to first and second electrically-conductive contact pads that are together in a circuit connected to apply a changing voltage across the element. The electrically-conductive contact pads are laterally spaced from the midpoint of the element by a distance of at least about three times a screening length of the element, given in SI units as (K?0/e2D(EF))1/2, where K is the static dielectric constant, ?0 is the permittivity of free space, e is electron charge, and D(EF) is the density of states at the Fermi energy for the element.

Abstract: A data collector associated with a grain bin is in communication with a plurality of capacitive moisture cables hanging within the grain bin. Each capacitive moisture cable includes a plurality of sensor nodes positioned along the moisture cable. Each sensor node includes a sensor node microprocessor and a sensor node memory coupled to a temperature sensor, a reference capacitive sensor and a capacitive moisture sensor. A main controller is in communication with the data collector. The main controller memory is configured in a data structure comprising grain type data, temperature data, raw reference capacitance data, raw moisture capacitance data, node identification data, physical node positional data, and a calculated moisture content for each sensor node. A method of determining moisture contents of grain in a grain bin related to such a system is also included.

Abstract: A capacitive sensing circuit is disclosed, wherein the mixer is directly connected to the sense electrode. The AC transimpedance amplifier in front of the mixer in prior art is removed and replaced by a differential DC transimpedance amplifier respectively integrator. The mixer DC offset voltage or current together with the large amplification factor required after the mixer now would result in an inacceptable DC offset at the output of the signal chain. In order to eliminate the effect of the mixer offset, the amplifying stages after the mixer are AC coupled to the mixer output and one of the signals entering the mixer is phase modulated or amplitude modulated with a known low frequency signal. An additional mixer after the AC coupled amplifying stages is driven with the same low frequency modulating signal, resulting in the wanted DC output signal responsive to the capacitance to be measured.

Abstract: A coaxial connector including a connector main body is formed of an upper housing and a lower housing. An outer conductor includes a circular cylinder portion surrounding the periphery of a hole of the connector main body and configured to be inserted into an outer conductor of a mating coaxial connector. A main body portion is provided on the connector main body, and a fixation portion that is extended from the main body portion so as to sandwich the connector main body along with the main body portion. A fixed terminal is anchored to the connector main body. A movable terminal includes a fixation portion anchored to the connector main body, and a plate spring that extends from the fixation portion toward the fixed terminal and overlaps with the fixation portion at tip ends of the plate spring.

Abstract: A parallel concurrent test (PCT) system is provided for performing the parallel concurrent testing of semiconductor devices. The PCT system includes a pick and place (PnP) handler for engaging and transporting the semiconductor devices along a testing plane, the PnP handler including at least one manipulator. The PCT system also includes a device under test interface board (DIB), the DIB including a broadside test socket for broadside (BS) testing of the semiconductor devices, the broadside testing using at least half of a total number of a semiconductor device pins, and a plurality of design-for-test (DFT) test sockets for DFT testing, the DFT testing using less than half of the total number of the semiconductor device pins, and a tester in electrical contact with the DIB for testing the semiconductor devices in accordance with a stepping pattern test protocol.

Abstract: Current tests for I/O interface connectors are described. In one example a test may include applying a forced energy to a first pin of an interface of a data communications bus of an integrated circuit on a die, sensing the energy caused by the forced energy at a second pin of the interface, and comparing the forced energy and the sensed energy to determine an amount of current leaked by at least a portion of the interface.

Abstract: An overcurrent detection circuit for a power switch comprises a sampling circuit and a comparing circuit. The sampling circuit is configured to perform current sampling on the power switch using a sampling Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor (MOSFET) and an amplifier, convert a sample current into a sample voltage and transmit the sample voltage to the comparing circuit, and clamp operating voltages of the comparing circuit and of an output circuit of the amplifier by a serially connected clamping MOSFET. The comparing circuit is configured to compare the sample voltage with a reference voltage and to output a result of overcurrent detection.

Abstract: Current Voltage and Capacitance Voltage (IV and CV) measurements are critical in measurement of properties of electronic materials especially semiconductors. A semiconductor testing device to accomplish IV and CV measurement supports a semiconductor wafer and provides a probe for contacting a surface on the wafer under control of an atomic Force Microscope or similar probing device for positioning the probe to a desired measurement point on the wafer surface. Detection of contact by the probe on the surface is accomplished and test voltage is supplied to the semiconductor wafer. A first circuit for measuring capacitance sensed by the probe based on the test voltage and a complimentary circuit for measuring Fowler Nordheim current sensed by the probe based on the test voltage are employed with the probe allowing the calculation of characteristics of the semiconductor wafer based on the measured capacitance and Fowler Nordheim current.

Abstract: A method includes characterizing the effects of an electric field on a first set of printed wiring boards (PWBs) by testing the first set of PWBs to generate test data, using the test data to determine a dielectric life curve of the first set of PWBs, and based on the dielectric life curve, defining a screening time and a screening voltage to screen for premature failures in a second set of PWBs due to electric fields.

Abstract: A semiconductor device assessment apparatus that electrically assesses a semiconductor device formed on a semiconductor substrate includes a holding unit having a surface to hold the semiconductor substrate thereon, and a detection unit to detect irregularity on the surface of the holding unit. The holding unit on the surface includes a plurality of grooves formed such that when the semiconductor substrate is held on the surface, the grooves overlap a periphery of the semiconductor substrate and also have a portion located outer than the periphery of the semiconductor substrate.

Abstract: A backplane testing system includes a test backplane coupled to a test device chassis and including a first connector system, a second connector system, and channels that connect the first connector system and the second connector system. A first test device in a first test device slot on the test device chassis engages the first connector system and provides a loop back circuit for the first connector system. A second test device in a second test device slot on the test device chassis engages the second connector system. The second test device sends a test signal through a channel on the test backplane such that the test signal is provided to the loop back circuit on the first test device and received back through the channel. The second test device analyzes the test signal that is received to determine a testing compliance of the channel on the test backplane.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided to test an integrated circuit by identifying first and second components of an integrated circuit. The first and second components may share a relationship that causes the first and second components to generate a matching binary output in response to an input to the integrated circuit. A tap point may be selected within the integrated circuit. The tap point may be located at a point in the integrated circuit where an insertion of a bypass structure would affect the relationship. The bypass structure may be inserted at the tap point, and the bypass structure may be used to conduct a test of the integrated circuit.

Abstract: A process and apparatus provide a JTAG TAP controller (302) to access a JTAG TAP domain (106) of a device using a reduced pin count, high speed DDR interface (202). The access is accomplished by combining the separate TDI and TMS signals from the TAP controller into a single signal and communicating the TDI and TMS signals of the single signal on the rising and falling edges of the TCK driving the DDR interface. The TAP domain may be coupled to the TAP controller in a point to point fashion or in an addressable bus fashion. The access to the TAP domain may be used for JTAG based device testing, debugging, programming, or other type of JTAG based operation.

Abstract: Test circuitry for an integrated circuit (IC) that has a scan chain includes a control unit for applying a test pattern and a clock signal to the scan chain, and for varying the level of a supply voltage during a scan test procedure. In a first test phase, the supply voltage is set to the rated voltage level of the IC while a test pattern is shifted into the scan chain at a fast rate. A second, capture phase is run at a lower rate and the supply voltage is reduced to a lower level such that defects that cannot be detected when the capture phase is run at the rated voltage are observable yet switching elements in the IC still function correctly. Running the shift phase at the higher speed reduces the overall test time compared with known very low voltage (VLV) scan test procedures.

Abstract: An object is to provide, at low costs, a function for determining whether a monitoring section should execute a self-diagnosis. A monitoring system has a monitoring section for acquiring information on the charge and discharge state of an electric storage device and a determination section for determining the charge and discharge state of the electric storage device on the basis of information acquired by the monitoring section.