Abstract: Embodiments herein relate to a method in a network node configured in an optical network for enabling a first unit to connect ad-hoc to a second unit in a system configured for remote radio units and main units. The network node receives a connection request from the first unit over the optical network. The network node establishes a connection, to the first unit, for retrieving control data. The network node stores control data regarding the first unit. The control data is retrieved from the first unit over the established connection and wherein the control data enables the first unit to connect/be connected ad-hoc to the second unit for transferring user data over a physical path through the optical network.

Abstract: A cell site includes a tower, a multi-service terminal mounted to the tower and a base transceiver station in communication with the multi-service terminal. The multi-service terminal includes a housing and a plurality of adapters mounted to the housing. Each of the adapters includes an outer port accessible from outside the housing and an inner port accessible from inside the housing.

Abstract: An integrated apparatus with optical/electrical interfaces and protocol converter on a single silicon substrate. The apparatus includes an optical module comprising one or more modulators respectively coupled with one or more laser devices for producing a first optical signal to an optical interface and one or more photodetectors for detecting a second optical signal from the optical interface to generate a current signal. Additionally, the apparatus includes a transmit lane module coupled between the optical module and an electrical interface to receive a first electric signal from the electrical interface and provide a framing protocol for driving the one or more modulators. Furthermore, the apparatus includes a receive lane module coupled between the optical module and the electrical interface to process the current signal to send a second electric signal to the electrical interface.

Abstract: A photonic transceiver apparatus in Quad Small Form-factor Pluggable (QSFP) package. The apparatus includes a case having a base member, two partial side members, and a lid member to provide a spatial volume with an opening at a back end of the base member. Additionally, the apparatus includes a printed circuit board (PCB), installed inside the spatial volume over the base member having a pluggable electrical connector at the back end. Further, the apparatus includes multiple optical transmitting devices in mini-transmit-optical-sub-assembly package, each being mounted on a common support structure and having a laser output port in reversed orientation toward the back end. Furthermore, the apparatus includes a silicon photonics chip, including a fiber-to-silicon attachment module, mounted on the PCB and coupled to a modulation driver module and a trans-impedance amplifier module.

Abstract: In an example, the present invention includes an integrated system on chip device. The device is configured on a single silicon substrate member. The device has a data input/output interface provided on the substrate member. The device has an input/output block provided on the substrate member and coupled to the data input/output interface. The device has a signal processing block provided on the substrate member and coupled to the input/output block. The device has a driver module provided on the substrate member and coupled to the signal processing block. In an example, the device has a driver interface provided on the substrate member and coupled to the driver module and configured to be coupled to a silicon photonics device. The device also has an interface configured to communicate between the silicon photonics device and the control block.

Abstract: A single chip dual-channel driver for two independent traveling wave modulators. The driver includes two differential pairs inputs per channel respectively configured to receive two digital differential pair signals. The driver further includes a two-bit DAC per channel coupled to the two differential pairs inputs to produce a single analog differential pair PAM signal at a differential pair output for driving a traveling wave modulator. Additionally, the driver includes a control block having internal voltage/current signal generators respective coupled to each input and the 2-bit DAC for providing a bias voltage, a tail current, a dither signal to assist modulation control per channel. Furthermore, the driver includes an internal I2C communication block coupled to a high-speed clock generator to generate control signals to the control block and coupled to host via an I2C digital communication interface.

Abstract: An optical transmitter includes a circuit that controls a first frequency component and a second frequency component that are contained in an optical signal to be transmitted to be in different polarization states from each other.

Abstract: An optical transmitter may receive and encode a first group of bits into first encoded data and second encoded data. The optical transmitter may supply a first sub-carrier carrying a first symbol and a second sub-carrier carrying a second symbol. The first symbol and the second symbol may be based on the first encoded data and the second encoded data, respectively, such that the first sub-carrier has a first polarization state comprising first and second polarization components, and the second sub-carrier has a second polarization state comprising first and second polarization components. The first polarization state may be substantially orthogonal to the second polarization state. An optical receiver may receive the first symbol via the first sub-carrier, may receive the second symbol via the second sub-carrier, may decode the first symbol and the second symbol into a second group of bits, and may output the second group of bits.

Abstract: Methods and systems for split voltage domain receiver circuits are disclosed and may comprise amplifying received electrical signals in a plurality of partial voltage domains, and combining the amplified received signals, utilizing a stacked cascode amplifier for each partial voltage domain, into a single differential signal in a single voltage domain. The stacked cascode amplifiers may comprise a feedback loop having a comparator which controls a current source in each domain. The signals may be received from a photodiode, which may be integrated in the integrated circuit. The amplified signals may be combined via stacked common source or common emitter amplifiers. The received signals via may be amplified by stacked inverters. The amplified received signals may be AC or DC coupled prior to the combining. The received electrical signals may be amplified and combined via cascode amplifiers. The voltage domains may be stacked and may be controlled by feedback loops.

Abstract: Various technologies for continuous-variable quantum key distribution without transmitting a transmitter's local oscillator are described herein. A receiver on an optical transmission channel uses an oscillator signal generated by a light source at the receiver's location to perform interferometric detection on received signals. An optical reference pulse is sent by the transmitter on the transmission channel and the receiver computes a phase offset of the transmission based on quadrature measurements of the reference pulse. The receiver can then compensate for the phase offset between the transmitter's reference and the receiver's reference when measuring quadratures of received data pulses.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an interconnection apparatus and method using terahertz waves. The interconnection apparatus using terahertz waves according to the present invention includes a first terahertz wave generation unit for generating a first transmission terahertz wave, a center frequency of which is a first center frequency, using photomixing. A second terahertz wave generation unit generates a second transmission terahertz wave, a center frequency of which is a second center frequency different from the first center frequency. A first terahertz wave detection unit detects a first reception terahertz wave corresponding to the first transmission terahertz wave. A second terahertz wave detection unit detects a second reception terahertz wave corresponding to the second transmission terahertz wave.

Abstract: A method and system for processing a signal in the RF environment is disclosed. The method includes using an Analog Radio Frequency Memory (ARFM) to store an analog amplitude representation of the signal in the form of elemental charge packets. The stored signal is played back by converting the elemental charge packets back to their representative voltages to rejuvenate the original signal.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method, system, and computer-readable storage media for mitigating interference in a communication system is described. A user equipment operating near an edge of its base station coverage cell may transmit a strong uplink signal, which can interfere with a nearby base station. When a serving base station recognizes a high downlink signal from a nearby base station, an interference mitigation algorithm is enabled by the serving base station. The interference mitigation algorithm of the serving base station will control the uplink signal from the user equipment, so the user equipment does not interfere with the nearby base station.

Abstract: Methods and systems for source separation based on determining a number of bases for a nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) model are disclosed. A method includes receiving, at a computing device, a mixed signal including a combination of first signal data and second signal data. The method also includes generating, by the computing device, a time-frequency representation of the mixed signal. The method further includes determining, by applying a structured stochastic variational inference (SSVI) algorithm to the NMF model, a number of bases for a dictionary of signal-related components of the mixed signal. The method uses the number of bases and the time-frequency representation to construct the dictionary and an activation matrix of weights, the weights indicating how active each one of the signal-related components is at a given time. The method then uses the dictionary and the activation matrix to separate the first signal data from the second signal data.

Abstract: Testing radio equipment is described wherein an interfering signal is swept in frequency with a step size that is chosen proportional to the bandwidth of the receive channel of the radio equipment. For example, a respective frequency bandwidth (BCh) is determined of a plurality of receive channels of the radio equipment. A proportionality constant is selected for a frequency step size. For each respective receive channel, interfering radio signals are generated and the interfering radio signals are controlled to stepwise sweep in frequency outside of each respective receive channel. The stepwise sweeping of the interfering frequency is performed with a frequency step size that is a product of the respective bandwidth and the selected proportionality constant. Any spurious response is detected in the respective receive channel.

Abstract: A communication device (alternatively, device) includes a processor configured to support communications with other communication device(s) and to generate and process signals for such communications. In some examples, the device includes a communication interface and a processor, among other possible circuitries, components, elements, etc. to support communications with other communication device(s) and to generate and process signals for such communications. A device directs an analog to digital converter (ADC) to perform a sample capture of a communication channel and processes that sample capture to generate a detected power. The device performs an integrate-and-dump (I&D) operation on the detected power over at least one time period to generate an integrated power and then generates an integrated power histogram of the communication channel that includes the integrated power.

Abstract: A data frame generation circuit, includes: a frame generation unit configured to output a first data frame including client signals and a first signal count of the client signals included in the first data frame, the client signal being stored in the first data frame in accordance with a system clock; a storage unit configured to store a signal count range; a comparison unit configured to compare the first signal count to the signal count range; and a control unit configured to control a frequency of the system clock based on a comparison result, wherein, if the first signal count falls within the signal count range, the control unit changes the frequency of the system clock.

Abstract: Various communication systems may benefit from techniques for handling inter-band carrier aggregation (CA). For example, systems of the third generation partnership project (3GPP) long term evolution (LTE) advanced (LTE-A) may benefit from a uplink (UL) downlink (DL) configuration zero handling, particularly in cases where there is no physical hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) indicator channel (PHICH). For example, certain embodiments may be applicable to inter-band CA having different UL/DL configuration in use. A method can include triggering in a downlink subframe a first physical uplink shared channel transmission in a first hybrid automatic repeat request process. The method can also include triggering in the downlink subframe a second physical uplink shared channel transmission in a second hybrid automatic repeat request process. The secondary cell can be configured with time division duplex uplink/downlink configuration number zero.

Abstract: Example embodiments provide a compression method for TDM frames transported over a packet network. The method is based on mapping of allocated TDM slots but not all un-allocated slots into a transport structure, which thereby reduces the needed amount of data transported over packets and hence reduces the required packet rate and packet capacity during transport of the TDM frame. The mapping is further arranged to allow dynamic changes of packet rate and packet capacity, thus the mapping is performed such that a working size of the transport TDM frame is allowed to increase or decrease over time.

Abstract: A system for transmitting data using orthogonal mode division multiplexing (OMDM), a multiplexing method derived from the orbital angular momentum of photons. In one embodiment, a transmitter transmits multiple superimposed radio frequency (RF) beams each independently modulated with data, and each with a different orbital angular momentum rotational state. An OMDM receiver receives the different rotational states in separate communications channels. The OMDM states are substantially orthogonal, providing independent data channels for increased data capacity, and providing privacy.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a wireless communication apparatus is provided with first and second determination units. The first unit determines based on a first carrier sense threshold whether busy state or not and specifies a first time when busy state is determined with the first threshold, and determines based on a second carrier sense threshold smaller than the first threshold whether busy state or not and specifies a second time when busy state is determined. The second unit determines, if at least busy state is determined based on the second threshold and the second time precedes a reference time equal to or earlier than the first time, to perform processing for avoiding interference.

Abstract: A temperature insensitive DEMUX/MUX device whose wavelength does not change by environment temperature is provided for WDM application. The temperature insensitive DEMUX/MUX device includes a waveguide-based delay-line-interferometer configured to receive an input light bearing multiplexed wavelengths and output a first output light bearing the same multiplexed wavelengths but with a shifted intensity peak position. The first output light is transmitted into a DEMUX device through a first free space coupler and a grating fiber or waveguide to be demultiplexed for forming a plurality of second output lights each bearing an individual wavelength. The DEMUX device includes a second free space coupler for refocusing each second output light to corresponding output channel. The shifted intensity peak position of the first output light is tunable to make each second output light free from any temperature-induced drift off corresponding output channel.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a method, wherein the method comprises generating a passive optical network (PON) protocol message, wherein the PON protocol message comprises an identifier of a PON user terminal and an action indication indicating that the PON user terminal intends to exercise a first power supply mode that is a power-saving mode. The present disclosure further provides a method for controlling the PON power supply and for reporting the power supply state. The present disclosure allows control of the energy usage of the PON user terminal to save power when a service in the PON user terminal is not used or when the user terminal uses a backup power source to supply power.

Abstract: A system for transmitting a message from a source entity to a target entity, the system including an input unit connected to the source entity in order to transmit the message via an optical transmission device to an output unit re-directing the message to the target entity. The optical transmission device is configured to transmit the message unidirectionally from the input unit to the output unit; and duplicate an optical input system containing the message into at least two optical output signals each containing the message to be transmitted to the output unit.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and system for determining and controlling power of an optical transmitter of an optical network unit (ONU) for a time and wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network (TWDM-PON). The system includes an RSSI collector configured to collect received signal strength indication (RSSI) information from upstream optical signals received from the ONUs connected to optical line terminal (OLT) ports, an ONU power level determiner configured to gather the pieces of RSSI information about the ONUs from the RSSI collector, and to determine power of optical transmitters of the ONUs based on the gathered information, and a power mode controller configured to receive power mode setting information of the optical transmitters of the ONUs from the ONU power level determiner, and to generate a physical layer operation and maintenance (PLOAM) message to control power modes of the ONUs based on the received power mode setting information.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to determine a level of inherent jitter for signals from a transmitter and a receiver, and modulate information onto a signal transmitted by the transmitter by using spot jitter (with bandwidth and center frequency modulation) and/or pulse width jitter in a region outside of a data region with inherent jitter to carry communication between systems.

Abstract: A jamming detection system for a vehicle may include an antenna configured to receive a radio frequency (RF) wave defining a series of RF pulse and quiet phase durations. The system may include a processor programmed to lock the vehicle in response to one but not both of the durations exceeding a predetermined threshold. The processor may also be programmed to arm an alarm of the vehicle in response to both of the durations exceeding respective predetermined thresholds.

Abstract: A phase of a symbol on an inner or outer circle of a received 8QAM symbol set, which is bitmapped by being assigned one bit depending on whether the symbol is on the inner or outer circle of a constellation mapping diagram and two bits for each of the quadrants, is rotated to generate, by QPSK likelihood generation, along with a likelihood of a received QPSK modulation symbol, a likelihood for the two bits assigned to the quadrant of the 8QAM modulated symbol set whose phase is rotated. Further, the phase-rotated 8QAM modulated symbol set is phase-rotated to the first quadrant of the diagram to move the symbol set to the QPSK symbol mapping positions, thereby generating, by QPSK likelihood generation, the likelihood for the one bit assigned to represent whether the symbol is on the outer circle or the inner circle of the 8QAM modulated symbol set.

Abstract: A bit interleaver, a bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) device and a bit interleaving method are disclosed herein. The bit interleaver includes a first memory, a processor, and a second memory. The first memory stores a low-density parity check (LDPC) codeword having a length of 64800 and a code rate of 3/15. The processor generates an interleaved codeword by interleaving the LDPC codeword on a bit group basis. The size of the bit group corresponds to a parallel factor of the LDPC codeword. The second memory provides the interleaved codeword to a modulator for quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) modulation.

Abstract: Techniques for sending ACK/NACK information in a multi-carrier wireless communication network are disclosed. In one aspect, a plurality of ACK/NACK transmission techniques are selectively employed by a multi-carrier user equipment (UE) to reduce the number of bits of ACK/NACK information to send and/or increase the number of payload bits available for sending the ACK/NACK information. The ACK/NACK transmission techniques may include an orthogonal sequence reduction technique, a channel selection technique, a spatial bundling technique, a carrier bundling technique, and/or a subframe bundling technique. The ACK/NACK transmission techniques may be prioritized based on the number of carriers on which data transmissions are received, a payload size available for carrying ACK/NACK information, and/or other factors. The multi-carrier UE can utilize different ACK/NACK transmission techniques in connection with different subsets of its configured carriers.

Abstract: A terminal capable of ensuring that when a UL-DL configuration is switched over, recognition of a UL HARQ process continued in the UL-DL configuration before and after the switchover is matched between a base station and the terminal. A terminal (200) can be switched to either one of configuration patterns including a downlink subframe used in downlink communication and an uplink subframe used in uplink communication. Mapping between an uplink subframe and a retransmission process is set for each of the configuration patterns.

Abstract: A method of transmitting a frame by a device in a wireless communication network is provided. The device generates a first symbol having a first subcarrier spacing where a symbol duration of the first symbol, excluding a guard interval, has a first length. The device generates a second symbol having a second subcarrier spacing narrower than the first subcarrier spacing wherein a symbol duration of the second symbol, excluding a guard interval, has a second length that is twice the first length. The device transmits a frame including the first symbol and the second symbol.

Abstract: A control channel of a communication method and an apparatus includes at least one timeslot, and the method includes: obtaining, according to a first data symbol sequence to be transmitted in a timeslot and coefficients a(i) and d(i), a second data symbol sequence and a third data symbol sequence, where, in a(i)+d(i), at least one pair of a(u)+d(u) and a(v)+d(v) have moduli unequal to each other; and using the same extension sequence [w(0), w(1), . . . , w(N?1)] to process the second data symbol sequence and the third data symbol sequence, mapping the processed data respectively onto the same time-frequency resources corresponding to a first antenna array and a second antenna array, and transmitting the data, where i, u, and v are integers, 0?i?M?1, and u?v.

Abstract: Methods, systems and apparatuses for operation in long-term evolution (LTE) systems are provided, including a method implemented in a base station. The method may include receiving, from a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) via a first interface, a first message including radio capability information associated with the WTRU, transmitting, to a mobility management entity (MME) via a second interface, a second message including the radio capability information; receiving, from the MME via the second interface, a paging message requesting the WTRU be paged in idle mode, wherein the paging message includes the radio capability information associated with the WTRU; selecting, based on the radio capability information, a set of subframes to use for paging the WTRU in idle mode; and paging the WTRU in idle mode using the selected set of subframes.

Abstract: A method for wireless communication is provided which includes receiving first and second signals transmitted from first and second antennas, respectively, determining a time offset between the first and second antennas based on the first and second signals, and reporting information regarding the time offset, including information regarding the time offset as being above or below a predetermined threshold. Another method for wireless communication is provided which includes generating channel state information feedback based on an assumption that the time offset is being compensated at a transmitter side. Yet another method for wireless communication is provided which includes receiving information regarding a time offset between multiple transmit antennas, including information regarding the time offset as being above or below a predetermined threshold, and adapting downlink transmissions to account for the time offset.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus and for transmitting downlink Hybrid Automatic Repeat request (HARQ) information in a wireless communication system are provided. In the method, at least one Physical Resource Block (PRB) for transmitting a Physical HARQ Indicator Channel (PHICH) signal is set among all PRBs forming an available frequency band. A PHICH resource is determined within the set at least one PRB. A PHICH signal is transmitted using the determined PHICH resource.

Abstract: According to the present invention, a common reference signal is transmitted in a subframe configured to receive the common reference signal and/or a fixed subframe predefined to receive the common reference signal, from among a plurality of subframes within a frame. In the present invention, the common reference signal is transmitted in every subframe within a legacy frame duration. However, the common reference signal is transmitted in said configured subframe and/or said fixed subframe within a frame duration which is not a legacy frame duration.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus for allocating feedback transmission resource and a method and apparatus for providing information on values thereof. According to the method of allocating feedback transmission resource, the feedback transmission resource is divided into a plurality of resource units, and the method can comprise receiving information on values of the plurality of resource units for the mobile stations; determining values of possible resource allocation status in each bidding round for the mobile stations from the received information on the values based on the sequential second price auction; and deriving an auction process of the resource units from the determined values of possible resource allocation status in each bidding round based on the sequential second price auction, so as to obtain a final resource unit allocation result for the mobile stations.

Abstract: Reference signals may not uniformly span over time and/or frequency on a resource unit. For example, reference signals may non-uniformly occupy symbols of a subframe. Alternatively, reference signals normally transmitted over certain tones of a subframe may have to be punctured to avoid collisions with a PSS and/or SSS transmitted over the same tones. Consequently, a UE may only be able to use a subset of reference signal tones for performing channel estimation. Accordingly, a method, an apparatus, and a computer program product for wireless communication are provided for improving channel estimation under a non-uniform signal pattern. The apparatus indicates to a UE to utilize a subset of reference signals to derive a channel estimate for demodulating data in a specific subframe, and transmits a plurality of subframes, the plurality of subframes including the reference signals and the specific subframe, the specific subframe including a PSS and/or SSS.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method for transmitting and receiving data in a wireless access system supporting relay nodes, and an apparatus for same.

Abstract: A terminal that performs a reference signal received power (RSRP) measurement of a channel-state information reference signal, on the basis of a second measurement target configuration in a case where the second measurement target configuration is contained in a measurement object configuration, where the second measurement target configuration containing at least a first index. In addition, the terminal transmits a first measurement result with a second index, where the first measurement result includes a reference signal received power of a channel-state information reference signal based on the second measurement target configuration.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus is provided for conducting wireless data communications using whitespace and non-whitespace channels. A short-range base station with an interface for whitespace channels and another interface for non-whitespace channels communicates with user equipment outfitted with equivalent interfaces. The short-range base station has a preference for using the interface for the whitespace channels, where the whitespace channels are whitespace spectrum bands that are available during periods when a primary user is not actively utilizing the whitespace. A spectrum server analyzes spectrum occupancy database information and whitespace spectrum sensing measurements to determine lists of available whitespace spectrum bands for use by the short-range base station.

Abstract: Provided herein is a method and apparatus for heterogeneous carrier aggregation, the method including calculating interferences regarding a plurality of interference paths between an adjacent cell and serving cell; determining weighted values for the plurality of interference paths in the serving cell; calculating an accumulated value (accumulated margin or accumulated interference) regarding the plurality of interference paths based on the weighted values in the serving cell; determining a component carrier to be used in the carrier aggregation based on the accumulated value calculated in the serving cell; and performing the carrier aggregation based on the component carrier determined.

Abstract: A counting unit of a base station counts the number of terminals located in an area covered by the base station for each of communication carriers corresponding to the terminals. An assigning unit assigns each of cells in a first group to any of the communication carriers, where each of the cells is a frequency band of the base station 10 and occupied by one terminal communicating with the cell.

Abstract: A feed-forward cancellation system includes a transmitting element and a receiving element. The transmitting element is in electrical communication with a transmitting line. The transmitting element is configured output a transmission signal to the transmitting line. The receiving element is in electrical communication with a receiving line. The receiving element is configured to process a response signal that is generated in response to the transmission signal and that is delivered to the receiving line. At least one antenna is configured to transmit the transmission signal, receive the response signal generated based on the transmission signal, and deliver the response signal to the receiving line. The feed-forward cancellation system further includes an electronic cancellation unit configured to generate a cancellation signal based on the transmission signal. The cancellation signal eliminates saturation from at least one of the response signal and the receiving line.

Abstract: An apparatus used to communicate with a plurality of audio/video (A/V) end nodes in an Audio Video Bridging (AVB) network. The apparatus may include a first A/V end node. The first A/V end node may be configured to transmit a clock reference stream including a plurality of timestamps to a plurality of A/V end nodes. The plurality of A/V end nodes may transmit a media stream including a plurality of video samples and a plurality of audio samples to one another. The media stream may be separate from the plurality of timestamps. The plurality of A/V end nodes may be arranged to syntonize or synchronize the plurality of video samples and the plurality of audio samples with one another for playback in response to the plurality of timestamps.

Abstract: The problem with duty-cycle correction circuits used by conventional frequency doublers is that they typically analog solutions, such as variable delay lines with long chains of inverters or buffers, that directly adjust the reference signal used by a phase-locked loop (PLL). These solutions can considerably increase the noise (e.g., thermal noise and supply noise) of the reference signal, as well as the overall power consumption and cost of the PLL. Rather than directly correct the duty-cycle of the reference signal, the present disclosure is directed to an apparatus and method for measuring the period error between adjacent cycles of a frequency doubled reference signal in terms of cycles of the output signal generated by the PLL (or some other higher frequency signal) and adjusting the division factor of the PLL frequency divider to compensate for the measured period error.

Abstract: An optical phase detector circuit is provided that is suitable for use in an optical phase lock loop. The optical phase detector includes a first optical flip-flop circuit configured to produce a first digital output based on ON/OFF state of a first digital optical input and a digital electrical control signal. A second optical flip-flop circuit is configured to produce a second digital output based on ON/OFF state of a second digital optical input and the digital electrical control signal. An AND gate is operably coupled to both the first and second optical flip-flops. The AND gate produces the digital electrical control signal for supply to the first and second optical flip-flop circuits according to an AND function of the first and second digital outputs produced by the first and second optical flip-flop circuits.

Abstract: A network receiver for a network using distributed clock synchronization and a method of adjusting a frequency of an internal clock of the network receiver are provided. The network receiver receives from the network an input signal and has an internal clock for generating a clock signal. The network receiver further includes a clock bit comparator and an adjustment signal generator. The clock bit comparator compares lengths of a first time period lapsed while receiving at least five consecutive bits of the signal and of an internal clock time interval representing the same number of bits as a number of bits of the first time period. The adjustment signal generator generates a frequency adjustment signal for controlling a frequency of the internal clock in dependence of a result of the comparison of the lengths to reduce a difference between the lengths.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for clock and data recovery are disclosed. A reset circuit counts clock cycles between edges of an input signal and resets a signal processing circuit that performs acquisition and tracking of a data stream when the clock cycle count is outside of a range. The signal processing circuit is further configured to perform acquisition and tracking according to a corrected data rate, which can be generated by data rate adjustment through a phase error correcting control loop and/or dithering between two data rates.