Abstract: In general, techniques are described for providing current bandwidth usage information for one or more label switched paths (LSPs) to a path computation element (PCE) to trigger the PCE to dynamically modify a path computation domain of the PCE to manage network traffic within the domain. In some examples, a network router signals an LSP in a packet-switched network according to an allocated bandwidth for the LSP. The network router receives and maps the network packets to the LSP for transport along the LSP in accordance with forwarding information. The network router determines bandwidth usage information for the LSP that indicates a volume of the network packets mapped to the LSP and sends, in a notification message, the bandwidth usage information for the LSP to a path computation element that computes label switched paths for a path computation domain to trigger reoptimization of the path computation domain.

Abstract: Techniques are described for managing communications between multiple computing nodes, such as computing nodes that are separated by one or more physical networks. In some situations, the techniques may be used to provide a virtual network between multiple computing nodes that are separated by one or more intermediate physical networks, such as from the edge of the one or more intermediate physical networks by modifying communications that enter and/or leave the intermediate physical networks. In some situations, the computing nodes may include virtual machine nodes hosted on one or more physical computing machines or systems, such as by or on behalf of one or more users (e.g., users of a program execution service). The managing of the communications may include determining whether communications sent to managed computing nodes are authorized, and providing the communications to the computing nodes only if they are determined to be authorized.

Abstract: A novel method that uses the source port field in the transport or connection layer (L4) header to encode control plane information is provided. Specifically, the method encodes control plane information in UDP or TCP source port field of data plane tunnels in an overlay network such as VXLAN. Network virtualization is implemented by a network controller over an overlay network on the physical fabric. The network controller provides a mapping table to the data plane hosts for mapping the encoded bits in the source port field to semantically richer information. The data plane hosts in turn uses the encoded source bits and the mapping table to infer this semantically richer information. This semantically richer information is used to allow receivers of proxied traffic to learn the address of the original sender. The semantically richer information can also be used to enable ECMP for the transmitted packets.

Abstract: A system and method can support data service address resolution in a network environment. An intermediate node can receive an incoming data packet from a source node, wherein the incoming data packet targets a destination node, and wherein the incoming data packet includes a global identifier for the destination node and a local identifier for the intermediate node. Furthermore, the intermediate node can obtain local addressing information for the destination node based on the global identifier for the destination node. Then, the intermediate node can send an outgoing data packet to the destination node based on the obtained local addressing information for the destination node.

Abstract: Embodiments relate to virtual networks. An aspect includes a method for controlling a virtual network including analyzing header content of packet traffic, where the packet traffic corresponds to one or more virtual machines run on a computer. The method includes performing flow routing of the packet traffic through a virtual network based on the analyzing overlay virtual network identifiers or virtual extensible local area network (VXLAN) identifiers in the header content.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relate to a method for determining a multicast path, a method for receiving a data packet, and a router. The method for determining a multicast path includes: receiving, by a multicast address translation router, a first multicast join request packet, where the first multicast join request packet is an IPV4 packet, or the first multicast join request packet is an Internet Protocol version 6 IPV6 packet and a multicast address of the first multicast join request packet is an IPV6 multicast address obtained by performing Internet Protocol version translation on an IPV4 multicast address; and determining a shorter path between a first path and a second path. The multicast address translation router may determine the shorter path between the first path and the second path, thereby implementing a method for selecting a shorter path from the paths of different network types, which improves multicast efficiency.

Abstract: A switch system realizes extension of the number of entries of an open flow table by using tables in a switch as existing resources. Specifically, the switch configures an open flow table by logically combining a plurality of tables, each of which defines processing to a given packet, based on a condition and a processing content defined in each table. The switch refers to the open flow table to determine the processing content to a reception packet. The switch executes the processing of the reception packet based on the determined processing content.

Abstract: Techniques for managing ternary content-addressable memory (TCAM) in a network device/system are provided. In one embodiment, the network device/system can include one or more TCAMs and can execute a TCAM manager for each TCAM. Each TCAM manager can manage allocation of resources of its associated TCAM, as well as manage access to the TCAM by one or more network applications running on the device/system. In this way, the TCAM managers can hide TCAM implementation differences (e.g., different sizes, different capabilities, etc.) from the network applications and thereby enable the applications to interact with the TCAMs in a uniform manner.

Abstract: A method for combining Internet protocols in a Differentiated Services model environment is described. The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) and Common Open Policy Service (COPS) are combined together to provide methods of setting up a session and tearing down a session, while maintaining Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA) policies. The Open Settlement Policy (OSP) is also combined with SIP and COPS.

Abstract: When transmitting patient data over a hospital network, data types are prioritized into a data type hierarchy (26) that is employed to rank data types in order of criticality for transmission during periods of diminished signal quality. As signal quality decreases, less critical data types are omitted from transmission and stored to a gap data buffer for later transmission. As signal quality recovers, the less critical data types are restored to current data transmissions. Once all data types are restored during current transmission, previously omitted gap data is transmitted to fill in the gaps in a receiving device such as a network server to ensure that a complete data set is provided to the network and/or other devices coupled thereto.

Abstract: Various implementations disclosed herein enable congestion control systems and methods that are agnostic of the availability of congestion notification types, and are simultaneously responsive to multiple types of network congestion indicators—including both implicit (e.g., loss and delay) and explicit (e.g., marking) congestion indicators. For example, some implementations include a congestion control method that includes obtaining a composite congestion indicator value associated with multiple types of network congestion indicators, and determining a reference rate value based on a function of the composite congestion indicator value. The composite congestion indicator value represents a combination of one or more delay values associated with respective types of network congestion indicators. The reference rate value is representative of a baseline transmission rate from the first device that at least partially mitigates network congestion signaled by the network congestion indicators.

Abstract: Means for transporting multi-band RF spectrum over a digital network including: means for converting radio frequency signal into internet protocol packets; means for time stamping and preserving timing for the converted radio frequency signal; and means for transporting the radio frequency signal using a radio transport standard.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a device in a network receives an indication of a traffic shaping rate adjustment by a node due to a network condition. The device identifies a set of network nodes that are associated with the network condition. The device detects a traffic shaping rules violation by an offending node in the set of network nodes. The device sends an instruction that causes the offending node to use a different traffic shaping rate.

Abstract: A routing system includes a router, a statistics server (Stat Server) coupled to the router, receiving, processing and storing statistics related to event handling, and providing information regarding the statistics for use by routing intelligence in the router, and a first proxy data server coupled to the Stat Server and to a second proxy data server at a remote contact center over a network. The system is characterized in that the Stat Server receives event statistics regarding the local queue, and through the coupled first and second proxy data servers, event statistics regarding the remote queue, provides information related to the statistics to the router, and the router determines to route incoming events to local queue or to the remote queue based on the information provided.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for determining a preferred hashing algorithm for load balancing physical interface utilization in a network device, such as a switch, configured with a port-channel architecture. While a current hashing algorithm is being applied to network traffic flows, a forwarding engine of the network device retrieves snapshot data of each flow and evaluates the flows against other hashing algorithms. The forwarding engine, for each hashing algorithm result, calculates statistical measures, such as mean, variance, and coefficient of variation. These measures are used to determine the preferred hashing algorithm to subsequently be applied. Once determined, the networking device may notify a user (e.g., a system administrator) of the algorithm.

Abstract: A method, system, and computer program product for identity-aware load balancing are provided in the illustrative embodiments. A sender of a packet is identified using an attribute communicated with the packet. The attribute is sufficient to identify a sender of the packet. The packet is directed to a set of resources managed by a load balancing application. A rule corresponding to the sender is selected. The rule is executed to identify a characteristic of an algorithm usable in a load balancing operation of the load balancing application. The packet and the identified characteristic of the algorithm are communicated to the load balancer. The communicating causes the load balancer to select an algorithm for a load balancing operation with the packet such that the selected algorithm includes the identified characteristic of the algorithm.

Abstract: An OpenFlow network includes multiple controllers. Each controller includes a load control table and a load control unit. The load control table controls at least one of the number of messages which each of switches in the OpenFlow network has transmitted to a controller controlling the switch over a predetermined time and the number of packets that the switch has received over a predetermined time. When a predetermined event occurs, the load control unit detects a controller having a processing load higher than or equal to a first threshold on the basis of the load control table and places at least one of the switches controlled by the detected controller under the control of another controller.

Abstract: Provided is a method of performing communication by using a plurality of network interfaces mounted on a communication terminal apparatus. The method includes allocating different Internet protocol (IP) addresses corresponding to the plurality of network interfaces to a plurality of applications of the communication terminal apparatus, relaying data transmitted or received between the plurality of applications and the plurality of network interfaces based on the allocated IP addresses, and simultaneously performing communication with an external network by the plurality of network interfaces through the relaying of the data.

Abstract: A device may receive information, via one or more border gateway protocol messages, identifying a first network traffic service and a second network traffic service. The device may map the information identifying the first network traffic service and the second network traffic service to information identifying a first tier of service for the first network traffic service and a second tier of service for the second network traffic service. The device may perform a first action and a second action, respectively associated with the first network traffic service and the second network traffic service, on the incoming network traffic, based on an order of the first tier of service, for the first network traffic service, and the second tier of service, for the second network traffic service, in a priority ordering of the set of network traffic services.

Abstract: A network switching system includes a storage device including a plurality of application-provided flow-based rules provided by a plurality of applications. A packet processor is coupled to the storage device and includes a flow-based handler that is operable to receive a packet, determine that the packet is associated with a flow session, and associate a plurality of the application-provided flow-based rules with the packet based the association of the packet with the flow session. The packet processor also includes a flow-based rule processing engine that is operable to determine a priority for the plurality of application-provided flow-based rules and apply at least one of the plurality of application-provided flow-based rules to the packet according to the priority. The system allows a plurality of SDN applications to operate in a network switching system independently and without knowledge of each other.

Abstract: A dual chipset architecture, a method of operating a scheduler for a dual chipset architecture, and a computer program product for operating a scheduler for a dual chipset architecture. In an embodiment, the dual chipset architecture comprises a high performance processor, a low performance processor, and a scheduler for the processors. The scheduler is provided for determining an expected data traffic flow to the chipset, and for selectively enabling the high and low performance processors, based on this expected data flow, ahead of this expected data flow reaching the chipset. In one embodiment, a specified data traffic indicator is associated with the expected data traffic flow, and the scheduler uses this specified data traffic indicator to determine the expected data traffic flow. In an embodiment, this specified data traffic indicator is a value for a defined window size for the expected data flow.

Abstract: Systems and methods for account specific login throttling are provided. A user with a user account may submit a request to a server regarding download of an application onto one or more user devices associated with the server. The server may determine that the current load of request is more than it handle, assign a number to the request, and send a responsive message includes information about when the application will be made available to the user account for download. Once the allotted number is called and the server is ready to make the application available to the user account, the server may send notification to the user. account. The user may then download the application onto the one or more client devices associated with the user account.

Abstract: Techniques are provided for managing network traffic and alleviating network congestion issues in video conference environments. At a video conference bridge device configured to send and receive communications to an endpoint device in a network, one or more video streams are received from the endpoint participating in a video conference. Each of the video streams is classified as a rate adaptive stream or as a non-rate adaptive stream. For video streams classified as rate adaptive streams, the video streams are assigned to a buffer queue for rate adaptive streams. For video streams classified as non-rate adaptive streams, the video streams are assigned to a buffer queue for non-rate adaptive streams.

Abstract: An apparatus for connecting to an update server includes an update unit configured to connect to the update server over a network using a pre-stored domain name address of the update server and an IP address acquisition unit configured to acquire an IP address of the connected update server. The IP address acquired by the IP address acquisition unit is stored as a trusted IP address in a storage unit. The apparatus further includes a reconnection processing unit configured to fetch the trusted IP address of the update server and try connecting to the update server using the trusted IP address in the case of failure to connect to the update server using the pre-stored domain name address.

Abstract: A network device among a plurality of network devices in a Named Data Networking (NDN) network receives an Interest from a consumer including a name and an Expected Data Size of data requested through the Interest. The network device forwards the Interest along a path to a producer of the data based on the name. As a result, the network device receives data that has traversed the path in reverse and satisfies the forwarded Interest. The network device determines an actual data size of the received data. The network device compares the actual data size to the Expected Data Size, and performs an action with respect to the received data based on a result of the compare.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for reclaiming resources within a distributed computing system. A reclamation application searches the distributed computing architecture for unused resources, classifies the unused resources, and determines an expiration period based on the classification. The reclamation application determines a candidate owner of the resource based on one or more characteristics of the resource. The reclamation application then notifies the candidate owner that the resource is to be reclaimed unless claimed by the candidate owner within the expiration period. If the candidate owner claims the resource within the expiration period, then the reclamation application terminates the reclamation of the resource. If the candidate owner does not claim the resource within the expiration period, then the reclamation application reclaims the resource after the duration of the expiration period.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention address deficiencies of the art in respect to server provisioning in a heterogeneous computing environment and provide a method, system and computer program product for secure and verified distributed orchestration and provisioning. In one embodiment of the invention, a server provisioning method can be provided. The server provisioning method can include establishing grouping criteria, grouping different target computing nodes into different groups of target computing nodes according to the established grouping criteria, server provisioning a root node in each of the different groups of target computing nodes, and relying upon the root node in each of the different groups to peer-to-peer server provision remaining nodes in each of the different groups.

Abstract: Managing a service is provided. Information is collected about use of a set of resources by the service. A request is received to verify information regarding a selected portion of a period of time during the use of the set of resources by the service. A description of the use of the set of resources by the service during the selected portion of the period of time is generated using the collected information in response to receiving the request to verify the information regarding the selected portion of the period of time during the use of the set of resources by the service. A response to the request is created using the generated description of the use of the set of resources by the service during the selected portion of the period of time as proof of validity of the information.

Abstract: A first computational device receives a response generated by a second computational device for a third computational device. A target that is suitable for use by the third computational device is determined. The response is transmitted with an address of the target to the third computational device.

Abstract: Time domain duplex (TDD) is contemplated, including controlling switches and/or amplifiers to facilitate signaling between a network and a plurality of end stations (ESs) according to a TDD control strategy. The TDD control strategy may be characterized by preventing simultaneous upstream and downstream communication between the network and one or more of the ESs over a particular frequency band. The TDD control strategy may be limited to a particular frequency range such that signaling outside of frequency range may be simultaneously communicated upstream and downstream.

Abstract: A data switch for a packet data switch includes switching nodes connected to each other in an interconnecting matrix, providing a multiplicity of data paths between an incoming data or telecom port and an outgoing data or telecom port of the data switch. The interconnecting switching nodes can achieve high capacity data switching by providing a partial switching solution at each node, distributing the switching load. A switching protocol for interconnecting switching nodes allows data packets to be selectively passed from any incoming port on an interconnecting switch node to any interconnecting switching node or outgoing port connected to it. In at least one example, the switching protocol has mechanisms in it to provide for the duplicating of the contents of the data packet and pass them to multiple interconnecting switching nodes or outgoing ports.

Abstract: A system and method can support multi-homed routing in a network environment, which can be based on InfiniBand architecture using a fat-tree or a similar topology. The system can provide an end node that is associated with a switch port on a leaf switch in a network fabric. Then, the system can perform routing for each of a plurality of ports on the end node, and ensure that the plurality of ports on the end node take mutually independent paths.

Abstract: The disclosed embodiments relate to a system for communicating packets through a network switch fabric. During operation, at an aggregation point in the network switch fabric, the system segregates packet flows from multiple sources into a set of quality-of-service (QoS) buckets. Next, the system monitors traffic rates for each QoS bucket. The system then determines a state for each QoS bucket by comparing a traffic rate for the QoS bucket with one or more state-specific thresholds. When a packet is subsequently received for a given QoS bucket, the system performs an action based on a state of the given QoS bucket.

Abstract: In a method and an apparatus provided for implementing communication between virtual machines, a first switch receives an ARP response from an SDN controller, where the ARP response carries a MAC address of a destination gateway; the first switch acquires, according to the MAC address of the destination gateway, VTEP information corresponding to the MAC address of the destination gateway, where a router corresponding to the VTEP information is located in a first data center; and the first switch sends, according to the VTEP information, an IP packet to the router corresponding to the VTEP information, so that the router corresponding to the VTEP information sends the IP packet to a second virtual machine through a tunnel between the router and a second switch.

Abstract: A system for providing lossless hierarchical caching is disclosed. The system may process, in a first thread, a first set of a plurality of packets in a first cache. Then, the system may determine if a condition associated with processing the first set of the packets indicates that there is potential for packet loss. If the system determines that there is potential for packet loss, a copy of a portion of the first set of the packets may be transmitted to a second cache. The system may process, in a second thread, the copy of the portion of the first set of the packets in the second cache. Additionally, the system may transmit a subset of packets from the first set of packets to a reorder queue for reordering the subset of packets if the subset of packets contain an identifier associated with the reorder queue.

Abstract: A universal error-correction circuit with fault-tolerant nature includes an error-correction unit with fault-tolerant nature implemented by a logic gate, where digital input signals of the error-correction unit with fault-tolerant nature are separately I0, I1 . . . , I2k-1, and I2k, digital output signals of the error-correction unit with fault-tolerant nature are separately O0, O1, . . . , Ok-2, and Ok-1, and the digital input signals and the digital output signals belong to a set {0,1}, where k is a positive integer. The error-correction unit with fault-tolerant nature is configured to, when k=1, set O0=I0 if I0=I1, and O0=I2 otherwise; and when k>1, set Ok-1=I2k-1 if Ok-2=I2k-1, and Ok-1=I2k otherwise. Because a logical relationship between input and output is uniquely certain, the error-correction circuit with fault-tolerant nature may be implemented only by a logic gate.

Abstract: Methods and systems for implementing input/output management in a distributed strict queue are disclosed. A plurality of messages are distributed to a plurality of queue servers based on strict order parameters for the messages. Messages that share a value for the strict order parameter are distributed to the same queue server. The messages are enqueued at the queue servers. Messages that share a value for the strict order parameter are enqueued in a strict order based on the time of receipt at the queue server. One or more queue clients are configured to attempt message processing for the enqueued messages. Network interactions between the queue clients and one or more external components are configured to be routed through a network proxy.

Abstract: A method of dynamically buffering content for providing a streaming service is provided. The method includes estimating a maximum amount of decrease in a network speed based on a result of measuring a network, and determining an amount of data to be buffered so that additional buffering, after playback of content is started, does not cause playback interruption, based on a maximum amount of decrease in the network speed, a total size of the content, a speed of playing the content, and a speed of receiving the content.

Abstract: Implementations of this disclosure may assist users to communicate more effectively in online communications over a network such as emails, instant messaging, text messages, and social networking messages. In some implementations, systems and methods of this disclosure enable a message composer to augment a first message with one or more predefined or custom second messages where the second message is intended to convey an unspoken meaning about the first message. In some implementations, systems and methods of this disclosure enable a recipient of the augmented first message to rate the first message on its genuineness and to provide a predefined or custom explanation of the recipient's rating. In some implementations, systems and methods of this disclosure can change an online users' online picture (e.g., profile picture, avatar, etc.) based on ratings of the user's messages by recipients.

Abstract: A method, system, and graphical user interface for a chat system is disclosed. A server with processor(s) and memory obtains a plurality of incoming messages, where the plurality of incoming messages include one or more external messages and one or more in-system messages from authors in the communication system, the one or more external messages are generated from one or more external sources. The server identifies one or more messages from a first author among the plurality of incoming messages in the communication system and receives a feedback message from a first user of the communication system about at least one of: the first author and a first message of the one or more popular messages. The server sends to a plurality of users of the communication system the first message and the feedback message from the first user, where the plurality of users track the first author.

Abstract: Described are a method and a device for posting a microblog message. The method includes: acquiring text content input by a user in a microblog text box; monitoring a posting operating instruction for the text content; calculating the number of the characters of the text content; determining whether the number of the characters of the text contents exceeds a preset-threshold; if the number of the characters of the text content exceeds the preset threshold, converting the text content into a format of messages according to a user selection from a plurality of format settings, and posting the format of the messages as a microblog message, or splitting the text content into multiple microblog message being less than the preset threshold; and if the number of the characters of the text content does not exceed the preset threshold, directly posting the text content as the microblog message.

Abstract: An example system for device-independent point to multipoint communication is configured to receive a message addressed to one or more destination users, the message type being, for example, Short Message Service (SMS), Instant Messaging (IM), E-mail, web form input, or Application Program Interface (API) function call. The system also is configured to determine information about the destination users, the information comprising preferred devices and interfaces for receiving messages, the information further including message receiving preferences. The system applies rules to the message based on destination user information to determine the message endpoints, the message endpoints being, for example, Short Message Service (SMS), Instant Messaging (IM), E-mail, web page output, or Application Program Interface (API) function call. The system translates the message based on the destination user information and message endpoints and transmits the message to each endpoint of the message.

Abstract: A computer server supporting a social networking application that has multiple users, each user having a unique social networking application account identifier, is used for generating and managing an informational site accessible to the multiple users. Upon receipt of an informational site establishment request from a first client device, the informational site establishment request including a social networking application account identifier of a user of the first client device, the computer server establishes, according to the informational site establishment request, an informational site corresponding to the social networking application account identifier. The computer server then publishes a link to the informational site to users associated with a plurality of social networking application account identifiers of the social networking application, enabling the users to access the informational site from their accounts of the social networking application in the form of instant message exchanges.

Abstract: A method of cross-platform messaging including receiving, by a messaging system, at least one initial message having a message format, an initial message layout and data indicative of at least one user associated with the at least one initial message, and before delivery to a destination communication device associated with the at least one user, converting, by the messaging system, an initial message into an adapted message, and facilitating, by the messaging system, delivery of the adapted message to the destination communication device. The adapted message is characterized by, at least, an adapted message layout, and the adapted message layout differs from the initial message layout in a characteristic associated with respective message layout such as number of media objects, a graphical image of a media object, a size of a placeholder related to a media object, and a location of a media object within a respective message layout.

Abstract: A method for generating an electronic message having the appearance of an individual performing a song with a musical artist includes: receiving a selection of a video segment, receiving an image of an individual's face, receiving a recording of the individual signing the song, generating the electronic message from the video segment, receiving information about a recipient of the electronic message, and transmitting the electronic message to the recipient. The video segment includes: a song, a musical artist performing the song, and a character performing the song with the musical artist. Generating the electronic message includes: overlaying the image of the individual's face onto a facial area of the character, simulating movement of one or more facial features of the image, and synchronizing the recording of the individual signing the song with the simulated movement of the facial features.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method for processing an e-mail message addressed to an e-mail client is disclosed. The method comprises receiving at a mail server an e-mail message addressed to the e-mail client, the e-mail message including an attachment which is characterized by a size; reducing the size of the attachment to create a reduced size attachment; preparing a formatted message, which includes the reduced size attachment and a link to the attachment, wherein the attachment is downloadable from the mail server using the link; and delivering the formatted message to the e-mail client for display on a computational device.

Abstract: A system and method for reducing data usage for wireless subscription plans. An email and an attachment are downloaded to a first device of a first recipient. An attachment is identified on the email by an attachment processing service that ensures that sharing from the first device is based on a credit policy. That there is more than one recipient for the email and attachment is determined. That a second device of a second recipient is in the vicinity of the first device is determined. Verification of the second device is established with an email fingerprint exchange handshake based on a fingerprint of the email for the second recipient that is computed from a hash of content of the email, an identifier of the attachment, and an email id of the second recipient. A second network is utilized to copy the attachment from the first device to the second device.

Abstract: Methods and systems for implementing message inspection in a distributed strict queue are disclosed. A plurality of messages are inspected. Based on the inspecting, individual messages are classified for regular processing or for other processing. The messages classified for regular processing are distributed to queue servers based on their values for a strict order parameter; messages that share a value are distributed to the same queue server. The messages classified for regular processing are enqueued at the queue servers. Messages that share a value for the strict order parameter are enqueued in a strict order based on the time of receipt at the queue server. One or more other actions are performed for the messages classified for other processing.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of providing notifications to a customer is disclosed. One example method of operation may include identifying a notification event associated with a customer via a customer management module and retrieving a customer preference record and determining a notification device preference for a customer Internet protocol (IP) device included in the customer preference record. The method may also include transmitting the notification event to the customer's IP device based on the notification device preference, the notification event may include a live agent support option which may be accessed in the event that the automated support options fail to satisfy the customer's questions and concerns.

Abstract: In one example, an electronic device may be configured to receive over a network a user selection of media information that corresponds to a media streaming server, wherein the received user selection corresponds to a first account of the media streaming server. The electronic device may be configured to determine a second account that corresponds to an electronic messaging server in response to receiving the user selection. The second account may be different than the first account. The electronic device may be configured to cause a message including at least a portion of the media information to be electronically delivered to the electronic messaging server using the second account.