Abstract: Methods and systems for delivering a segmented content item from a server to a first and second device are provided. A first key is used to encrypt the segmented content item into a first plurality of encrypted segments and a second key is used to encrypt the segmented content item into a second plurality of encrypted segments. The first and second keys are different. The first plurality of encrypted segments is delivered to the first device, and the second plurality of encrypted segments is delivered to the second device.

Abstract: A system and method for distributing a quantum key from a first party to a second party. A first node is connected to a public channel, wherein the first node includes a pulse position modulation encoder connected to a quantum channel. A second node is connected to the public channel, wherein the second node includes a pulse position modulation decoder connected to the quantum channel. The pulse position modulation encoder encodes quantum states |0> and |1>, and transmits the encoded quantum states from the first node to the second node via the quantum channel. Quantum state |1> is encoded as |1>?(|t1>+|t2>)/?{square root over (2)}.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for generating a prime number, implemented in an electronic device, the method including steps of generating a prime number from another prime number using the formula Pr=2P·R+1, where P is a prime number having a number of bits lower than that of the candidate prime number, and R is an integer, and applying the Pocklington primality test to the candidate prime number, the candidate prime number being proven if it passes the Pocklington test. According to the invention, the size in number of bits of the candidate prime number is equal to three times the size of the prime number, to within one unit, the generated candidate prime number being retained as candidate prime number only if the quotient of the integer division of the integer by the prime number is odd.

Abstract: There is provided an information processing device including a secret key generator that generates a secret key from a random number received from an external device that provides a service, and a given value, a public key generator that generates a public key on the basis of the secret key by using a function identically set in a plurality of the services, a transmitter that transmits the public key to the external device, and an authentication processor that conducts authentication with the external device using the secret key.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments of the present invention relate to a batch verification method for verifying a plurality of authentication data or digital signature values and an apparatus thereof. A batch verification method according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: rearranging N pairs of individual instances which compose a batch verification instance; selecting N?1 verification exponents from a verification exponent set E which is used for the batch verification; and performing the batch verification for the rearranged batch verification instance by using the selected verification exponents. Exemplary embodiments of the present invention can be suitable for digital signature and cryptographic confirmation. According to exemplary embodiments, verification computation amount of a plurality of authentication data or digital signature values can be significantly reduced.

Abstract: A system and method of performing a multi-party computation by determining a function for use in the multi-party computation, receiving a plurality of input values for the function, evaluating the function based at least in part on the plurality of input values to generate a result wherein the result is not usable to determine an input of the plurality of input values, and providing an output based at least in part on the result.

Abstract: A technique is introduced that enables a server to establish trust of and a secure channel of communication with an unverified client computer, which can be on a different insecure network. To establish trust, the server needs to ensure that the client computer is legitimate, and the client computer similarly needs to ensure that the server is legitimate. With mutual trust established, a secure channel of communication is established between the server and the client computer. With mutual trust and a secure channel of communication established, the client computer can safely communicate with the server, for example, to download software that enables the client computer to join a central management system at the server.

Abstract: A method includes receiving biometric data, the biometric data non-uniformly distributed and processing the biometric data to a level of randomness as a plaintext vector, the level of randomness associated with a security level. The method also includes encrypting the plaintext vector using a relational linearity encryption scheme to generate a linearity ciphertext representative of the plaintext vector, encrypting the plaintext vector using a relational proximity encryption scheme to generate a proximity ciphertext representative of the plaintext vector, and communicating the linearity ciphertext and the proximity ciphertext to an authentication server.

Abstract: A processor includes a hash register and a hash generating circuit. The hash generating circuit includes a novel programmable nonlinearizing function circuit as well as a modulo-2 multiplier, a first modulo-2 summer, a modulor-2 divider, and a second modulo-2 summer. The nonlinearizing function circuit receives a hash value from the hash register and performs a programmable nonlinearizing function, thereby generating a modified version of the hash value. In one example, the nonlinearizing function circuit includes a plurality of separately enableable S-box circuits. The multiplier multiplies the input data by a programmable multiplier value, thereby generating a product value. The first summer sums a first portion of the product value with the modified hash value. The divider divides the resulting sum by a fixed divisor value, thereby generating a remainder value. The second summer sums the remainder value and the second portion of the input data, thereby generating a hash result.

Abstract: Within a secure messaging environment, a determination is made that a request to send a message has been generated by a message sender. A message protection policy configured to process the message within the secure messaging environment is identified. The message protection policy specifies that, within the secure messaging environment, a secured digital certificate, other than a digital certificate of the message sender, is configured with an associated private key to digitally sign the message on behalf of the message sender. Based upon the message protection policy, a determination is made to digitally sign the message using the private key of the secured digital certificate. The message is signed on behalf of the message sender using the private key of the secured digital certificate.

Abstract: Within a secure messaging environment, a determination is made that a request to send a message has been generated by a message sender. A message protection policy configured to process the message within the secure messaging environment is identified. The message protection policy specifies that, within the secure messaging environment, a secured digital certificate, other than a digital certificate of the message sender, is configured with an associated private key to digitally sign the message on behalf of the message sender. Based upon the message protection policy, a determination is made to digitally sign the message using the private key of the secured digital certificate. The message is signed on behalf of the message sender using the private key of the secured digital certificate.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for online chats without displaying confidential information. A system sends, from a first online chat participant, an information request to a second online chat participant. The system receives, from the second online chat participant, a response based on the information request. The system notifies the first online chat participant of receiving the response from the second online chat participant without displaying confidential information of the response to the first online chat participant.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for chat-enabling a social circle in response to user input provided by a first user, the social circle being defined by the first user and including one or more contacts, the one or more contacts including a second user, for each of the one or more contacts, issuing a chat service subscription request, determining that a subscription request associated with the second user is fulfilled, and in response to determining that the subscription request associated with the second user is fulfilled, adding the second user as a chat contact of the first user and adding the first user as a chat contact of the second user.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an apparatus and method for discovering a communication entity. The apparatus for discovering a communication entity includes a list generation unit for generating a list of connection target Data Readers (DRs), a counter generation unit for generating a counter including information about a number of the connection target DRs, and a discovery message communication unit for establishing communication connections to the connection target DRs based on the list and the counter. The discovery message communication unit includes a transmission unit for transmitting a DR discovery message including data topic information or possible service quality information to each of the connection target DRs, and a reception unit for receiving a Data Writer (DW) discovery message including data topic information or possible service quality information from each of the connection target DRs.

Abstract: A device and method for multicasting data in a wireless network. The method includes receiving multicast data at a specific node of the wireless network, the multicast data including a multicast acknowledgement request; and determining by the specific node whether or not the specific node is requested to send an acknowledgement to the multicast acknowledgement request. Also, a device and method for multicasting data in a wireless network. The method includes transmitting multicast data, the multicast data including a multicast acknowledgement request, the multicast acknowledgement request including information configured to enable a specific node of the wireless network to determine whether or not the specific node is requested to send an acknowledgement to the multicast acknowledgement request.

Abstract: Location-Based Addressing (LBA) is a method of controlling and commissioning networked lighting devices. The lighting devices communicate over a wireless network using radio frequency communication protocols. The lighting devices are commissioned or grouped based on their 5 respective locations in a building floor plan or a building architecture. The lighting devices are commissioned to respond to radio frequency communications that correspond to their respective locations. This imposed location-based architecture reduces the amount of transmitted data required to control the lighting devices and, thus, reduces the radio bandwidth required to control the lighting devices. In other words, controlling devices “multicast” instructions and controlled devices “listen” for instructions and act only upon instructions that correspond to their respective location. Hand shaking or two-way communication between the controlling devices and the controlled devices is not required.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for a local area network router, that allows communication between a number of remotely located users, and a plurality of peripheral devices connected to the local area network router. Users may access the local area network using wireless devices or the Internet. The peripheral devices, which may include a wide variety of multi-media storage, playback, printing, or other functions, are connected to the router via local interfaces, which communicate with the peripheral devices via established protocols. Each of the peripheral devices is provided with an IP address, which facilitates direct communication of the users with the peripheral devices and permits direct communication with the devices over the Internet. Data packets destined for the IP address of a peripheral device are router through the local interface, which converts the data utilizing compatible communication protocols for the target peripheral device.

Abstract: A method, system, and computer program product for encapsulating a packet within a virtualized network. The method includes writing one or more first translation control entries (TCEs) from a TCE table of a client system to a TCE table of a host system, and writing one or more second TCEs to the TCE table of the host system. The first TCEs indicate a location within the client system of payload data for the packet, and the second TCEs indicate a location within the host system of at least one of header and footer information to be included with the payload data.

Abstract: Systems and/or methods that facilitate the segmentation of layer 3 (L3) data to more than one virtual private network (VPN) or virtual network (vNET) are presented. An application classifier component can be used to facilitate the classification of L2 to and from hosts and/or other networking components that are attached to a network based on the type of application with which the network traffic is associated. The innovation associates multiple Virtual Local Area Networks (VLANs) with the same L2 forwarding table ahead of bridging into shadow VLANs (SVLANs) which can be associated with different L3 vNETs. The application classifier component can classify data traffic at the switch port through Switching Virtual Interfaces (SVIs) into SVLANs which can be associated with different L3 vNETs. Each vNET can be optimized and provide services specific to which type of application in which the vNET is associated.

Abstract: A method and system to contact a provider are described. The system may include a communication module to detect a voice over Internet protocol (VoIP) call to a seller; a suitable representative associated with the seller; a decision module to determine, utilizing the detected VoIP call to the seller; and a call routing module to route the VoIP call to the suitable representative.

Abstract: Customer premise equipment provides a communication gateway with a network of a service provider and includes a multimedia terminal device for installation on the customer's premises typically at an out-of-the-way location. The multimedia terminal device includes a modem having an embedded media terminal adaptor and an integrated telephone base station, for instance, to provide both Internet connectivity and Voice-over-Internet-Protocol telephone service to the customer premises. A portable cordless telephone handset communicates via wireless communication signals with the telephone base station thereby providing telephone service to the premises. The handset is also capable of transmitting commands to the telephone base station for purposes of providing a user interface for the components of the multimedia terminal device.

Abstract: Some embodiments provide a method for a network controller in a network control system that manages a plurality of logical networks. The method receives a specification of a logical network that comprises a logical router with a logical port that connects to an external network. The method selects several host machines to host a L3 gateway that implements the connection to the external network for the logical router from a set of host machines designated for hosting logical routers. The method generates data tuples for provisioning a set of managed forwarding elements that implement the logical network to send data packets that require processing by the L3 gateway to the selected host machines. The data tuples specify for the managed forwarding elements to distribute the data packets across the selected host machines.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for channel estimation in a Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS) Single Frequency Network (MBSFN) are disclosed. A representative method includes a wireless communication device receiving multiple frames, each frame including multiple subframes, each subframe including multiple symbols. The wireless communication device determines whether subframes include MBMS data or not. For subframes that include MBMS data, the wireless communication device excludes all or certain symbols of the subframes that include MBMS data from a channel estimation process. The wireless communication device determines whether the subframes include MBMS data based at least in part on a channel impulse response and/or a channel energy response for one or more symbols of the subframes.

Abstract: A non-reciprocal radio frequency transceiver front end utilizing multiple time-varying transmission lines (TVTLs) implemented using distributed modulated capacitors (DMC) to exploit time-varying properties of transmission line structures to isolate the transmit and receive signals. The TVTLs are coupled at an input side to an antenna and ground through a first 90 degree coupler, and the outputs of the TVTLs are coupled through a second 90 degree coupler for connection to a receiver and transmit circuit, respectively. The apparatus allows simultaneously operating a transmitter and receiver sharing a single antenna (or single antenna array).

Abstract: A decision feedback equalizer (DFE) includes first through sixth flip-flops, and first and second summer circuits. The first through fourth flip-flops sample an analog input signal received at the first and second summer circuits, detect the logic level of a data bit in the analog input signal and generate the first through fourth compensated signals. The first multiplexer outputs at least one of the first and second compensated signals as a first feedback signal, based on a fourth feedback signal generated by the sixth flip-flop. The second multiplexer outputs at least one of the third and fourth compensated signals as a second feedback signal, based on a third feedback signal generated by the fifth flip-flop. The first and second feedback signals are multiplied by a weight coefficient and fed back to the first and second summer circuit, respectively, to compensate an error in the analog input signal.

Abstract: A wireless communication system is described which includes a transmitter operable to transmit a transmitted signal, the transmitter having one or more transmitting antennae, a receiver operable to receive a received signal, the receiver having one or more receiving antennae, wherein lattice reduction is used in obtaining, at the receiver, an estimate of the transmitted signal based on the received signal, characterized in that the lattice reduction utilizes a lattice reduction matrix, a decomposed representation of which is transmitted between the transmitter and the receiver.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to control actuation smoothing, and more particularly, to a control actuation smoothing system that smoothes brake actuation. The smoothing may be determined in response to a filter. In various embodiments, the smoothing may enhance brake component performance.

Abstract: A method for choosing the sequence of bursts of an access pattern in the primary network of a cognitive wireless network comprising a primary and a secondary network, wherein this access pattern comprises an alternation of listen periods and signaling transmission periods, these periods having various lengths; comprises the steps of computing a random integer X, and then generating a sequence of bursts corresponding to the computed random integer X. In a peculiar embodiment, the random integer X has a geometric distribution with a given probability p.

Abstract: A common-mode suppressor for eliminating common-mode noise in high frequency differential data transmission systems and an associated method includes a long coiled differential transmission line configured to transfer data between a source and a load. The differential transmission line comprises a first conductive wire and a second conductive wire which are inductively and capacitively coupled and are laterally aligned or vertically aligned with each other. Further, the differential transmission line is matched for differential signals and un-matched for common-mode noise.

Abstract: The present disclosure illustrates a current balance method and a current balance circuit thereof. The current balance method is used in a multiphase digital pulse width modulator. Steps of the current balance method are as follows. A plurality of pulse width values of the pulse width modulated signals within a first period are recorded, and a minimum pulse width value is defined as a standard value. The method determines whether each pulse width value is larger than the sum of the standard value and a pulse width threshold, and if yes, the method adds 1 to a count value of the phase output stage corresponding to the pulse width value. The method determines whether each count value equals to a counting threshold, and if yes, the method adjusts the pulse width modulated signal, and initializing the count value as 0.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods for asymmetric bi-directional signaling incorporating multi-level encoding are disclosed. An example apparatus may include first and second channels, a receiver coupled to the first and second channels, and first and second transmitters coupled to the first and second channels, respectively. The receiver may be configured to receive differential data signals to receive write data at a rate, and each of the first and second transmitters may be configured to encode a plurality of bits into a respective data signal and provide the respective data signals at the data rate.

Abstract: A method is provided for individually processing multiple frequency bands in a composite RF signal is disclosed. The composite RF signal is separated into a plurality of gain controlled and bandlimited frequency bands. The gain controlled and bandlimited frequency bands are then recombined to produce a controlled composite RF signal, which is then digitized by undersampling with an ADC to produce a plurality of unambiguous frequency bands convolved around baseband. The sample frequency can be substantially less than the Nyquist Limit of twice the highest frequency present for digitization. Each baseband signal is monitored for amplitude spikes therein. In response to an amplitude spike, the appropriate frequency band is modified by a control signal to hold the ADC to within its dynamic range.

Abstract: Techniques for compensating for frequency offset of a frequency used in a translation of a signal from a first band to a second band may include using a frequency reference signal located in a different band from an information-bearing signal, where the different band may be a guard band. The frequency reference signal may be offset from a particular frequency, which may be a center frequency, of the information-bearing signal by a known amount. The frequency reference signal may be received by the transmitting station, a frequency offset may be derived, and the frequency offset may be used to pre-compensate further transmitted signals. At another station, the received frequency reference signal may be used to lock a local oscillator for demodulation and/or transmission of the information-bearing signal based on the known offset of the frequency reference signal from the frequency of the information-bearing signal.

Abstract: Techniques for providing hybrid communications to devices on vehicles include using a selected modulation scheme on a forward link to deliver data (that is intended to be received by an on-board device) onto a vehicle, and using a reverse link in a different frequency band to send reverse data from the vehicle. Based on the reverse data, a subsequent pre-defined modulation scheme for a subsequent forward transmission is selected from a plurality of modulation schemes corresponding to a plurality of performance levels of data delivery. The selections may be based on a current geo-spatial location of the vehicle, a type of data, and/or on one or more other dynamic conditions. The forward data may be multiplexed and/or multicast. Thus, adaptive modulation is achieved in a hybrid communications system in which the forward link and the reverse link to the vehicle are supported by different wireless communication bands.

Abstract: A radio frequency communication system includes a radio frequency transmitter having a chirp generator operable to transmit a first chirp signal, and transmit a second chirp signal that is circular shifted relative to the first chirp signal. A receiver receives the first chirp signal and the second chirp signal, such that the proportion of phase offset between the first and second chirp signals is proportional to the frequency offset of the received signals. The first and second chirp signals are despread, and the phase difference between the first and second chirp signals is used to determine a frequency offset of the received first and second chirp signals that is proportional to the phase difference between the first and second chirp signals.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for transmitting broadcast signals thereof are disclosed. The method for transmitting broadcast signals includes encoding DP data according to a code rate, wherein the encoding further includes LDPC encoding the DP data according to the code rate, bit interleaving the LDPC encoded DP data, mapping the bit interleaved DP data onto constellations, MIMO (Multi Input Multi Output) encoding the mapped DP data, and time interleaving the MIMO encoded DP data; building at least one signal frame by arranging the encoded DP data; and modulating data in the built signal frame by OFDM method and transmitting the broadcast signals having the modulated data, wherein the step of modulating includes inserting CPs in the built signal frame based on a CP set which includes information about locations of CPs, wherein the CP set is defined based on FFT size.

Abstract: A method for reducing Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) in a Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) based radio communication system is provided. The method includes arranging symbols mapped to predetermined sub-carrier allocation types such that phases of the symbols do not overlap, and transmitting the arranged symbols.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for transmitting a broadcast signal. The method for transmitting the broadcast signal according to the present invention may comprise the steps of: formatting input streams into multiple data pipes (DPs); encoding data of the multiple DPs according to a code rate for each DP; generating at least one signal frame by mapping the encoded data of the multiple DPs; and modulating data of the generated signal frame in an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme, and transmitting the broadcast signal including data of the modulated signal frame.

Abstract: A method for performing an adaptive modulation and coding scheme in a mobile communication system. Including receiving a signal and selecting a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) level from an MCS subset of an MCS set considering information derived from the signal, by a mobile station. The MCS subset is selected in accordance with a service type related to the mobile station and the MCS subset is configured with one or more MCS levels, the MCS set is represented by 5 bits and the MCS subset is represented by 4 bits to indicate MCS value, respectively, and the 4 bits of the MCS subset is a part of the 5 bits of the MCS set.

Abstract: A single carrier modulation scheme suitable for use in high frequency communication systems is provided that achieves improved residual frequency error and phase noise estimation. At a transmitter, cyclically orthogonal constant amplitude pilot signals are inserted at the beginning (or end) of a plurality of SCBT blocks of a block coded data stream. At a receiver, a phase rotation of the received data stream is determined to remove a residual frequency error or to estimate the phase noise.

Abstract: In a software receiver, a received electromagnetic signal is sampled in “slices”, each having a duration of some multiple of a reference frequency. The samples of each slice are correlated with values in a pair of reference signals, such as sine and cosine, at the reference frequency. This yields a two-tuple for each slice, which two-tuples may be stored. The stored two-tuples can be simply added to arrive at a correlation value of narrower bandwidth than that of any slice taken alone. The stored two-tuples can be taken in sequence, each rotated by some predetermined angle relative to its predecessor in sequence, and the rotated two-tuples summed to arrive at a correlation value with respect to a frequency that is offset from the reference frequency to an extent that relates to the predetermined angle. In this way, the receiver is able to proceed despite the transmitted frequency not being known exactly in advance and does not require prodigious storage or computational resources.

Abstract: A receiver may comprise: a symbol receiver configured to receive a first modulated symbol at a first resolution and thereafter a second modulated symbol at a second resolution greater than the first resolution; an output path coupled to the symbol receiver and configured to forward the first modulated symbol; a decision device coupled to the symbol receiver and configured to determine a most probable symbol represented by the first modulated symbol; a phase detector coupled to the decision device and configured to compare the first modulated symbol and the most probable symbol to generate a phase error value; and a phase modifier coupled to the decision device and configured to determine a phase correction value based on the phase error value and to adjust the phase of the second modulated symbol based on the phase correction value.

Abstract: A method and system for conducting a vehicle service comprises the steps of receiving signals representative of vehicle parameters, accessing data and/or software necessary for performing the vehicle service from at least one remote computer over a data transmission network, and performing signal processing related to the vehicle service based on the signals representative of the vehicle parameters and the accessed data and/or software. Since the data and/or software necessary for conducting the vehicle diagnostic analysis is distributed in different systems that are connected via a data communication network, an automotive service system can minimize the size of software stored locally and can access most of the information and/or algorithm required for conducting the vehicle diagnostic analysis from a remote system.

Abstract: In an approach to determining a time before a recipient views a communication, a computer receives a communication from a sender in a collaboration application. The computer determines one or more attributes of the communication, the attributes including at least a recipient of the communication, and a plurality of viewing data for the recipient of the communication. The computer determines, based, at least in part, on the one or more attributes of the communication and the plurality of viewing data for the recipient, a time before the recipient views the communication in the collaboration application.

Abstract: Usability is improved by decreasing the number of notifications to be read in receiving mails including notifications of events. A notification of an event is sent. In one aspect, this comprises receiving, in response to occurrence of an event, a notification of the event; storing, when event data generated from the received notification matches a conditional expression in a profile associated with the event, the notification of the event in a queue associated with at least one of change management information corresponding to the event and a recipient of the change management information; and sending, when an earliest time out of transfer times set in respective notifications stored in the queue has come, all the notifications stored in the queue, to a client that is the recipient, as a single notification.

Abstract: A method, system and program product for balanced workload distribution in a plurality of networked computing nodes. The networked computing nodes may be arranged as a connected graph defining at least one direct neighbor to each networked computing node. The method comprises determining a first workload indicator of the i-th computing node, at a first stage before a new task may be started by the i-th computing node, determining an estimated workload indicator of the i-th computing node, assuming that the new task is performed at a second stage on the i-th computing node, determining estimated workload indicators of each direct neighbor assuming that the new task is performed at the second stage, deciding whether to move the new task to another computing node, and moving the new task to one of the direct neighboring computing nodes of the i-th computing node such that workloads are balanced.

Abstract: A method of address allocation in a network comprises determining, from negotiations between nodes, whether a first node shall assume a server role responsible for distribution and management of network addresses to clients. If this determination is made, the first node is provided with a pool of network addresses. The invention provides a method of dynamic re-allocation of address pools between servers of the network, in accordance with, for example, network requirements or traffic load.

Abstract: A method of interface registration for a network device to join in a cluster system, comprises: when the network device joins in the cluster system, the network device's local interconnection board sends its board number to the network device's local main control board, the network device's local non-interconnection board receives the board number sent by the local main control board, wherein the local interconnection board is a board on which interfaces for interconnecting the network device to network devices in the cluster system are located; after the cluster interface registration of the local non-interconnection board and local interconnection board on the cluster main control board, the local non-interconnection board and the local interconnection board receive and store a mapping relationship between local interface information of the network device and global interface information of the network device sent by the cluster main control board respectively.

Abstract: Network devices, systems, and methods, including executable instructions and/or logic thereon to achieve fiber channel one for N (1:N) redundancy. A network device includes a processing resource coupled to a memory. The memory includes program instructions executed by the processing resource to group a number of switches in a 1:N cluster and provide each switch with a (virtual) A_Port link to all members of the 1:N cluster. If a failure of a fiber channel over ethernet forwarder (FCF) occurs, the program instructions execute to re-establish or redirect a connection over an alternate path through a redundant FCF without having to synchronize a connection state across all switches in the cluster.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for providing a flexible secondary data path control, said method comprising the steps of: detecting (S1) a primary data path failure of a primary data path between a customer premise site (3) and a central office site (4); initiating (S2) a corresponding secondary data path if a primary data path failure of said primary data path has been detected; initiating (S3) a measurement of data path characteristics of said initiated secondary path or utilizing constantly monitored data path characteristics of paths for an available secondary data path; and determining (S4) services to be provided via said secondary data path depending on the measured data path characteristics of said secondary data path.