Abstract: An electrochemical treating device having low scale potential is disclosed. The device has a variety of configurations directed to the layering of the anionic exchange and cationic exchange. The treatment device can also comprise unevenly sized ion exchange resin beads and/or have at least one compartment that provides a dominating resistance that results in a uniform current distribution throughout the apparatus.

Abstract: A waste handling assembly includes a hose with an inlet for accepting waste. A plurality of pretreatment tablets are located within the hose and are removeably attached to the hose.

Abstract: Provided is a method for treating an arsenic-containing aqueous solution by water treatment employing a titanium dioxide photocatalyst that is excellent in both photocatalytic activity and solid-liquid separation performance. The method according to the present disclosure includes the steps: of adding catalyst particles to the aqueous solution; oxidizing trivalent arsenic by irradiating the aqueous solution with light having a wavelength of 200 nanometers or more and 400 nanometers or less while stirring the catalyst particles in the aqueous solution; and stopping the stirring and separating the catalyst particles from the aqueous solution by sedimentation. Each catalyst particle is composed only of a titanium dioxide particle and a zeolite particle, the titanium dioxide particle is adsorbed on the outer surface of the zeolite particle, the zeolite particle has a silica/alumina molar ratio of 10 or more, and the catalyst particles are contained in the aqueous solution at a concentration of 0.

Abstract: A system comprising method and apparatus for separating biologically-digestible materials from an influent sewage stream. The system may comprise a primary clarification tank to capture sixty percent or more of the total solids from an influent stream; a sludge classifying press (SCP) to isolate and concentrate biologically digestible materials from sludge formed in the primary clarification tank, releasing valuable organics, such as are found in corn kernels, by fracturing the protective casings; a grit capture mechanism in a chamber within the primary clarification tank and isolated from the bulk of the sludge containing biologically-degradable materials; a grit trap to remove grit from the sludge prior to classifying the sludge with the SCP; apparatus for adding thickener to the sludge after classification and prior to digestion; and automation of one or more elements of the process for separating and digesting the biologically digestible materials in an influent stream.

Abstract: Methods of processing molten material comprising the step (I) of flowing molten material through an interior of a conduit from a first station to a second station of a glass manufacturing apparatus and the step (II) of cooling the molten material within the interior of the conduit by passing a cooling fluid along an exterior of the conduit. The method further includes the step (III) of directing a travel path of the cooling fluid toward a vertical plane passing through the conduit. In further examples, a glass manufacturing apparatus comprises a first station, a second station, and a conduit configured to provide a travel path for molten material traveling from the first station to the second station. The glass manufacturing apparatus further comprises at least one baffle configured to direct a travel path of cooling fluid toward a vertical plane passing through the conduit.

Abstract: To provide a tin oxide refractory which prevents volatilization of SnO2 in a high temperature zone from an early stage and which also has high erosion resistance to glass. A tin oxide refractory comprising SnO2, SiO2 and ZrO2 as essential components, wherein the total content of SnO2, SiO2 and ZrO2 in the tin oxide refractory is at least 70 mass %, and, based on the total content of SnO2, SiO2 and ZrO2, the content of SnO2 is from 32 to 98 mol %, the content of SiO2 is from 1 to 35 mol % and the content of ZrO2 is from 1 to 35 mol %.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of making a vessel having a sculptural interior, comprising attaching a textile core to the air inlet port of an I.S. machine, inserting a gob of molten glass into a mold to surround the textile core, applying compressed air to press the molten glass around the textile core, applying compressed air to inflate the textile core creating the bottle, allowing the bottle to cool sufficiently to withdraw the core from the bottle, and withdrawing the textile core from the bottle.

Abstract: Refractory glass-forming tools, including glass-forming molds incorporating protective metal nitride surface coatings, with optional alumina barrier layers disposed between the mold bodies and coating for high-temperature nitride coating stability, offering particular advantages for the manufacture by direct molding of optically finished glass products such as information display cover glasses from refractory alkali aluminosilicate glasses at molding temperatures up to and above 800° C.

Abstract: The Ti3+ ions present in Ti-doped silica glass cause a brown staining of the glass, causing inspection of the lens to become more difficult. Known methods for reducing Ti3+ ions in favor of Ti4+ ions in Ti-doped silica glass include a sufficiently high proportion of OH-groups and carrying out an oxygen treatment prior to vitrification, which both have disadvantages. In order to provide a cost-efficient production method for Ti-doped silica glass, which at a hydroxyl group content of less than 120 ppm shows an internal transmittance (sample thickness 10 mm) of at least 70% in the wavelength range of 400 nm to 1000 nm, the TiO2—SiO2 soot body is subjected to a conditioning treatment with a nitrogen oxide prior to vitrification. The blank produced in this way from Ti-doped silica glass has the ratio Ti3+/Ti4+?5×10?4.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for cutting a single sheet of glass substrate, which includes the following steps: (1) providing a single sheet of glass substrate (10) to be cut and a cutting platform (20); (2) fixing the single sheet of glass substrate (10) on the cutting platform (20); (3) rotating the cutting platform (20) to have the single sheet of glass substrate (10) located under the cutting platform (20); (4) providing a cutting head (30) under the cutting platform (20) to proceed with a cutting operation on the single sheet of glass substrate (10) and also providing a vacuum suction device (40) and a static electricity elimination device (50) to remove glass chips generated by the cutting head (30) cutting the single sheet of glass substrate (10); and (5) after the cutting operation, moving the cutting platform (20) away from the cutting head (30), the vacuum suction device (40), and the static electricity elimination device (50) and rotating the cutting platform (20) to have the cut single

Abstract: A plurality of clad rods, and a clad tube, an arrangement process for arranging the plurality of core rods and the plurality of clad rods in a tube of the clad tube, in a state in which distances between center axes of the adjacent core rods become equal to each other and a state in which parts of outer circumferential surfaces in the adjacent rods contact, and an integration process for integrating the clad tube and the plurality of core rods and the plurality of clad rods arranged in the tube, wherein a ratio of a total cross-sectional area of a direction orthogonal to a length direction in the plurality of core rods and the plurality of clad rods with respect to an internal cross-sectional area of the tube of a direction orthogonal to a length direction in the clad tube is 0.84 or more.

Abstract: A method for forming an optical fiber preform and fibers drawn from the preform. The method includes forming a soot cladding monolith, inserting a consolidated core cane into the internal cavity, and processing the resulting core-cladding assembly to form a preform. Processing may include exposing the core-cladding assembly to a drying agent and/or dopant precursor, and sintering the core-cladding assembly in the presence of a reducing agent to densify the soot cladding monolith onto the core cane to form a preform. The preform features low hydroxyl content and low sensitivity to hydrogen. Fibers drawn from the preform exhibit low attenuation losses from absorption by the broad band centered near 1380 nm.

Abstract: Provided is an alkali-free glass, including as a glass composition, in terms of mol %, 60 to 70% of SiO2, 9.5 to 17% of Al2O3, 0 to 9% of B2O3, 0 to 8% of MgO, 2 to 15% of CaO, 0.1 to 10% of SrO, and 0.5 to 4% of BaO, having a molar ratio (CaO+SrO+BaO)Al2O3 of 0.6 to 1.0, and being substantially free of alkali metal oxides.

Abstract: Glass fibers are presented having a composition of about 48-54 weight percent SiO2; about 7-14 weight percent Al2O3, about 10-16 weight percent CaO, about 7-13 weight percent TiO2, and about 9-19 weight percent ZnO. A composite material is also provided formed of a polymer matrix and glass fibers of the present invention. The fibers of the present invention have a refractive index between about 1.60 and 1.66 at 590 nm.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a glass substrate to control the fragmentation characteristics by etching and filling trenches in the glass substrate is disclosed. An etching pattern may be determined. The etching pattern may outline where trenches will be etched into a surface of the glass substrate. The etching pattern may be configured so that the glass substrate, when fractured, has a smaller fragmentation size than chemically strengthened glass that has not been etched. A mask may be created in accordance with the etching pattern, and the mask may be applied to a surface of the glass substrate. The surface of the glass substrate may then be etched to create trenches. A filler material may be deposited into the trenches.

Abstract: One or more aspects of the disclosure pertain to an article including a film disposed on a glass substrate, which may be strengthened, where the interface between the film and the glass substrate is modified, such that the article has an improved average flexural strength, and the film retains key functional properties for its application. Some key functional properties of the film include optical, electrical and/or mechanical properties. In one or more embodiments, interface exhibits the effective adhesion energy is about less than about 4 J/m2. In some embodiments, the interface is modified by the inclusion of a crack mitigating layer between the glass substrate and the film.

Abstract: A method of forming glass ceramic articles. The articles, in some embodiments, have a three dimensional shape. A frit mixture containing the glass ceramic in frit form and a glass frit are dispersed, in some embodiments, in a vehicle to create a slurry, which is then formed into a desired shape to make a green body. Forming may be accomplished by injection molding sinter forging, casting, casting and pressing, isostatically pressing, or the like. The green body is then fired at a high temperature to burn off the binder and fuse the glass ceramic and glass frit into a solid glass ceramic body. In some embodiments, the glass ceramic powder and glass frit material may be ion exchanged to achieve surface layers having high compressive stress, resulting in high damage resistance of the article.

Abstract: A glass article that includes a first surface, a second surface and a body extending between the first and second surfaces. A plurality of discrete layers of metallic silver are formed in the body. Each discrete layer may have a thickness T such that 100 nm?T?250 nm and may be spaced apart from adjacent layers of metallic silver by a spacing S?500. The glass article also includes a layer of compressive stress extending into the body, a depth of layer of up to about 60 ?m and a magnitude of compression ?200 MPa. Further, the first layer of the plurality of discrete layers is spaced apart from the first surface by a distance D, wherein D?5 ?m.

Abstract: Formaldehyde-free binder compositions are described that include an aldehyde or ketone, a nitrogen-containing salt of an inorganic acid, and an acidic compound. The acidic compound may be an organic acid, such as maleic acid or citric acid among others. The acidic compound is supplied in quantities that lower the pH of the binder composition to about 5 or less. The binder compositions may be used in methods of binding fiberglass and the resulting fiberglass products have an improved tensile strength due to the addition of the acidic compound.

Abstract: Incorporation of carbonaceous materials in a cement slurry increases the linear thermal-expansion coefficient of the set cement. When placed in a subterranean well having at least one casing string, cement sheaths with linear thermal-expansion coefficients similar to that of the casing will be subjected to lower compressive and tensile stresses during downhole-temperature changes. Such cement slurries are particularly advantageous in the context of thermal-recovery wells.

Abstract: The invention relates to a pulverulent composition comprising, based on the overall mass of the composition, A) at least 20 wt % of a calcium sulfate-based binder and B) 0.01 to 4 wt % of at least one copolymer obtainable by polymerizing a mixture of monomers comprising (I) at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer which comprises at least one radical from the series carboxylic acid, carboxylic salt, carboxylic ester, carboxylic amide, carboxylic anhydride, and carboxylic imide and (II) at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer having a polyalkylene oxide radical, the pulverulent composition being producible by a method in which a powder component comprising a calcium sulfate-based binder is contacted with a liquid hydrous component comprising less than 30 wt % of an organic solvent, comprising B), the liquid hydrous component being used in an amount of less than 20 wt %, based on the overall mass of the pulverulent composition, and the pulverulent composition comprising no hydraulic binder.

Abstract: A cementitious composition may include polyvinyl alcohol, high alumina cement, water, a metallic coagent, a peroxide crosslinking initiator, and an organic acid retardant. A molded article may be manufactured from the cementitious composition by preparing a hydrogel pre-polymer blend of saponified polyvinyl alcohol acetate (PVAA) with greater than or equal to approximately 85% saponified PVAA, and water, mixing the hydrogel pre-polymer blend with high alumina cement (HAC) using a high shear mixing process, mixing in a metallic coagent and a peroxide crosslinking initiator, mixing in an organic acid retardant, and hot press molding the mixture.

Abstract: A refractory composition and processes for manufacture are provided where the compositions possess improved refractory alkali resistance and superior handling properties. Compositions and processes for their manufacture may include a plurality of ceramic particles and a binder sintered to the particles wherein the binder includes crystalline aluminum orthophosphate distributed as the result of an in situ reaction of aluminum metaphosphate with alumina. Kits provided according to the invention provide materials for use in manufacture of a composition where the kit includes aluminum metaphosphate and a nonfacile additive.

Abstract: CaF2 translucent ceramics includes at least two rare earth elements selected from a group consisting of La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu.

Abstract: A method for joining engine components includes positioning a first plurality of thermal protection structures across a thermal protection space between a first thermal protection surface and a second thermal protection surface. The first and second engine components are locally joined by forming a first plurality of transient liquid phase (TLP) or partial transient liquid phase (PTLP) bonds along corresponding ones of the first plurality of thermal protection structures between the first thermal protection surface and the second thermal protection surface. The second thermal protection surface is formed from a second surface material different from a first surface material of the first thermal protection surface.

Abstract: The invention is directed to processes for treating biosolids that result in high-value, nitrogen-containing, slow-release, organically-augmented inorganic fertilizer that are competitive with less valuable or more costly conventional commercially manufactured fertilizers. The process involves conditioning traditional waste-water biosolids and processing the conditioned biosolids continuously in a high throughput manufacturing facility. The exothermic design and closed loop control of the primary reaction vessel decreases significantly the amount of power necessary to run a manufacturing facility. The process utilizes green technologies to facilitate decreased waste and enhanced air quality standards over traditional processing plants. The fertilizer produced from recovered biosolid waste is safe and meets or exceeds the United States Environment Protection Agency (USEPA) Class A and Exceptional Quality standards and is not subject to restrictions or regulations.

Abstract: According to the present invention new isolates of bacterial strains have been shown to possess unique properties. These bacterial strains are plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR), posses an enhanced competitive advantage at colonizing leguminous plants, and enhance the overall performance of leguminous plant growth. Further still, the present invention discloses a novel method for screening and selecting bacterial strains having the aforementioned beneficial characteristics.

Abstract: A pesticide composition includes at least one biologically inert carrier; and at least one ferrite or at least one doped component including at least one fixed copper compound doped with at least one compound selected from the group consisting of iron compounds, zinc compounds, magnesium compounds, calcium compounds, and combinations and/or mixtures thereof. In one embodiment, the doped component has a particle size of about 0.5 nm to about 30 microns. A method for the control of pests includes the step of applying to the pests or their growth habitat the aforementioned composition. The method also includes the control of fungal and other diseases in banana plants, by applying the aforementioned composition to their growth habitat in banana plant groves.

Abstract: Processes for oligomerizing olefins utilizing a catalyst system including a) a transition metal complex that is transition metal compound complexed to a pyridine bisimine ligand and b) a metal alkyl and controlling the olefin oligomer product distribution K value by adjusting i) a transition metal of the transition metal complex concentration in the reactor, ii) a metal of the metal alkyl concentration in the reactor, iii) a metal of the metal alkyl to transition metal of the transition metal complex molar ratio in the reactor, and iv) any combination thereof.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for selective simultaneous production of para-xylene, para-ethyltoluene and para-diethylbenzene from a reactant stream containing ethylbenzene and methanol, as an alkylating agent. The process comprises alkylation of the feedstock in a fluidized-bed rector under alkylating conditions, over a modified ZSM-5-based catalyst to produce streams containing above 95% para-isomers of dialkylbenzenes. The method also includes the steps of multilayer silylation to achieve simultaneous selectivity of the para-isomers of dialkylbenzenes.

Abstract: The invention relates to the production of olefin oligomers by a method of oligomerization of olefins, and, in particular, to a method of isolating olefin oligomerization products and decomposing the oligomerization catalyst residues. The method of isolating products of an oligomerization reaction of olefins including a terminal double bond, in which the reaction is carried out by the action of a catalyst having chromium compounds, a nitrogen-containing ligand and organoaluminum compounds, includes a step of isolating independent olefin products and a step of treating catalyst residues. Further, the method includes the following sequential steps: a) isolating at least one liquid product of the oligomerization reaction of olefins from an output stream of an oligomerization reactor; b) treating a residue with an aqueous solution of an acid; and c) separating an organic layer and an aqueous layer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for purification of olefinic feedstocks using an adsorbent comprising a 12 MR-type zeolite, in which the zeolite content of said adsorbent is between 93% by weight and 100% by weight, and the binder content of said adsorbent is between 0 and 7% by weight, in which said zeolite contains silicon and an element T that is selected from the group that consists of aluminum, boron, gallium and iron, and in which the Si/T atomic ratio is less than 20.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a manufacturing process to produce high purity 1234yf from 245eb, which preferably includes the removal of impurities present in 245eb raw material, the dehydrofluorination of 245eb, and the removal of impurities present in final crude product. The disclosed manufacturing process allows the production of a 1234yf product with lower the levels of 1225ye and/or trifluoropropene, preferably in amounts of less than about 500, and 50 ppm, respectively.

Abstract: Processes for isolating 1,1,1,2,3-pentachloropropane from a crude product stream containing the 1,1,1,2,3-pentachloropropane and ferric chloride. The processes may include deep distillation of the crude, treatment of the crude with a reagent that deactivates the ferric chloride followed by distillation on the deactivated crude stream, aqueous washing of the crude product stream to remove ferric chloride followed by distillation on the deactivated crude stream. Other embodiments simultaneously prepare 1,1,2,3-tetrachloroprene and 1,1,1,2,3-pentachloroprane.

Abstract: A method for synthesizing a sugar alcohol comprising the step of hydrolyzing a polysaccharide in the presence of hydrogen ions (H+), an alcoholic reducing agent and a hydrogen transfer catalyst to form the sugar alcohol.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a process for the selective hydrogenation of glycerol in the liquid phase to produce 1- and 2-propanols in high yields as the major organic products. The process comprises subjecting a glycerol stream having at least 30% by weight water to a combination of low pressure and high temperature hydrogenation conditions in the presence of a promoted or un-promoted skeletal copper catalyst.

Abstract: Compounds having the following structure (VI-A): or any pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, or any stereoisomer thereof, wherein RE1, RE2, RE3, RE4, ZE2 and ZE3 are as disclosed herein, are provided. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds, and methods for use of the compounds for treating disorders associated with necrosptosis are also provided.

Abstract: Processes for producing propylene glycol monoalkyl ether are described herein and include contacting propylene oxide and an alcohol in the presence of an alkali or alkaline earth metal alkoxide catalyst to produce an alkoxylation mixture including propylene glycol monoalkyl ether; distilling the alkoxylation mixture to produce a first overhead stream including propylene oxide and the alcohol and a first bottoms stream including propylene glycol monoalkyl ether; distilling the first bottoms stream to produce a second overhead stream including purified propylene glycol monoalkyl ether and a second bottoms stream including heavier byproducts; further distilling the second bottoms stream to form a resulting bottoms stream including caustic and heavier byproducts; introducing an alkali metal borohydride into at least a portion of the resulting bottoms stream to form an alkali metal borohydride containing stream; and introducing the alkali metal borohydride containing stream into one or more distillations upstream

Abstract: The present invention is a method for producing a cycloalkyl alkyl ether compound comprising reacting substituted or unsubstituted cyclopentene or substituted or unsubstituted cyclohexene with an alcohol compound represented by a formula (2): R1OH (wherein R1 is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms) in a gaseous state in presence of an acidic ion-exchange resin to produce a cycloalkyl alkyl ether compound represented by a formula (1): R1—O—R2 (wherein R1 is the same as defined above, and R2 is a substituted or unsubstituted cyclopentyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted cyclohexyl group), the acidic ion-exchange resin having a specific surface area of 20 to 50 m2/g, an average pore size of 20 to 70 nm, and a total exchange capacity of 4.8 to 6.0 eq/L-R wet resin.

Abstract: This disclosure is directed to methods of preparing organic aldehydes, each method comprising contacting a terminal olefin with an oxidizing mixture comprising: (a) a dichloro-palladium complex; (b) a copper complex; (c) a source of nitrite; under aerobic reaction conditions sufficient to convert at least a portion of the terminal olefin to an aldehyde.

Abstract: The present invention provides the use of a metal-doped hydroxyapatite catalyst for highly selective conversion of an alcohol to an aldehyde at low temperatures. More specifically, the invention provides the use of a silver-doped hydroxyapatite catalyst for the highly selective oxidative dehydrogenation of ethanol to acetaldehyde. The present invention also provides the method for converting ethanol to acetaldehyde using a silver-doped hydroxyapatite catalyst.

Abstract: Described are compounds of the structural formula (I): Also provided are pharmacologically acceptable isomers and salts of the compound of (I). The compounds are useful in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.

Abstract: Fatty acids are produced through transacylation. An organic nitrogen-containing compound is reacted with alkyl sultone to generate a white solid of a zwitterionic compound. After being purified and dried, the white solid is powdered to be reacted with a Bronsted strong acid for obtaining a clear viscous water-based acidic ionic liquid (IL) as a catalyst used used to effectively process transacylation between oil and acetic acid (HOAc) for fabricating fatty acid (FFA) and glycerol triacetate (GTA). Therein, unsaturated fatty acid is simultaneously processed through addition acetoxylation to obtain stabilized acetoxy fatty acid (AFFA). After, HOAc is recycled through vacuuming. Then, the product and the IL are stratified. The product at upper layer is taken out. The IL at lower layer can be recycled for processing transacylation and addition acetoxylation repeatedly. Therein, fatty acids including the stabilized AFFA are obtained from the product after taking out GTA through vacuum distillation.

Abstract: A method for producing an ester compound including reacting a compound having at least one cyclic structure of a norbornene ring and a norbornadiene ring with an alcohol and carbon monoxide by using a palladium catalyst and an oxidizing agent, to thereby introduce ester groups to carbon atoms forming a double bond in the cyclic structure and obtain the ester compound, wherein the palladium catalyst comprises a palladium complex having a bipyridyl as a ligand.

Abstract: Phenyl-substituted cyclohexylamine derivatives and method for their synthesis and characterization are disclosed. Use of these compounds to treat/prevent neurological disorders as well as methods for their synthesis are set forth herein. Exemplary compounds of the invention inhibit reuptake of endogenous monoamines, such as dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine (e.g., from the synaptic cleft) and modulate one or more monoamine transporter. Pharmaceutical formulations incorporating compounds of the invention are also provided.

Abstract: A condensation product of at least one (hydroxymethyl)phenol and at least one polyoxyalkylene diamine and a process for the preparation thereof and the use thereof in the curing of epoxy resin systems are described.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for screening for the binding affinity of chemical entities to other bioactive molecules. The screened chemical entities may be utilized in pharmaceutical composition or therapeutic methods for treating disease or disorders associated with the bioactive molecules including NEDD4-1.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable ester, amide, carbamate or salt thereof, including a salt of such an ester, amide or carbamate in which R1 to R9 have meanings as defined in the Specification, are useful as estrogen receptor ligands.

Abstract: Pentenenitrile oligomers formed in a process for isomerizing cis-2-pentenenitrile to 3-pentenenitrile are minimized in the presence of an aluminum oxide catalyst. The process comprises providing an aluminum oxide catalyst having an alkali metal and/or alkaline earth metal and/or iron content, measured in the form of alkali metal oxide and/or alkaline earth metal oxide and/or iron oxide, respectively of less than 5000 ppm by weight.

Abstract: A process for preparing [(1R,2R)-4-oxo-1,2-cyclopentanedicarboxylic acid II, by the resolution of racemic 4-oxo-1,2-cyclopentanedicarboxylic acid (V), said process comprising: (a) reacting 4-oxo-1,2-cyclopentanedicarboxylic acid (V) with brucine or (1R,2S)-(?)-ephedrine, thus preparing the bis-brucine or bis-(1R,2S)-(?)-ephedrine salt of (V), and (b) precipitating selectively the bis-brucine or bis-(1R,2S)-(?)-ephedrine salt of (1R,2R)-4-oxo-1,2-cyclopentanedicarboxylic acid II, while the bis-brucine or bis-(1R,2S)-(?)-ephedrine salt of [(1S,2S)-4-oxo-1,2-cyclopentanedicarboxylic acid stays in solution; (c) liberating the acid II by removal of brucine or (1R,2S)-(?)-ephedrine from the precipitated salt obtained in step (b).