Abstract: The invention relates to pressure-sensitive adhesive compositions which comprise (A) base resin, (B) the first multifunctional compound and (C) the second multifunctional compound that can react with the first multifunctional compound and realizes an interpenetrating network structure in the cured state, and relates to polarizers and liquid crystal displays comprising the same. The invention shows excellent durability under high temperature and/or high humidity condition and good properties such as machinability, removability and workability. The invention can provide the adhesive compositions efficiently suppressing light leakage generated in the liquid crystal displays. In particular, the adhesive compositions of the invention prevent light leakage even when being used in large display devices of 20 inches or more.

Abstract: A pressure-sensitive adhesive composition, comprising: a (meth)acryl-based polymer (A); and an ionic compound (B) comprising an anion component and a cation component, wherein the (meth)acryl-based polymer (A) is a hydroxyl group-containing (meth)acryl-based polymer (A) containing a monomer unit derived from a hydroxyl group-containing monomer, and the anion component has an organic group and three or more carbon atoms. The anion component is preferably at least one of anion components represented by the following formula (1): (CnF2n+1SO2)2N???(1) wherein n is an integer of 3 to 10; the following formula (2): CF2(CmF2mSO2)2N???(2) wherein m is an integer of 2 to 10; and the following formula (3): ?O3S(CF2)lSO3???(3) wherein l is an integer of 3 to 10.

Abstract: This invention relates to a copolymer composition comprising vinyl ester of 2-ethyl hexanoic acid (VEHA), and particularly to pressure-sensitive adhesive compositions based on VEHA reacted with (meth)acrylate monomers. The present adhesive compositions provide a film with high cohesion and adhesion values, and more particularly to pressure-sensitive adhesive compositions based on VEHA reacted with (meth)acrylate monomers and VeoVa 10. The present adhesive compositions provide a film with high cohesion and adhesion values with Peel on Teflon of at least 2 N/inch.

Abstract: An adhesive composition is described comprising a tackifier and at least one grafted isobutylene copolymer. The grafted isobutylene copolymer has the formula: R1—(R2—Z) wherein R1 represents an isobutylene copolymer, R2 is a covalent bond or multivalent alkylene or arylene, and Z is a grafted polymer. Z is typically a homopolymer of copolymer comprising alkene repeat units, aralkylene repeat units, or a combination thereof. Also described are adhesive coated articles, methods of making adhesive coated articles, and grafted isobutylene polymers.

Abstract: The invention provides anaerobic curable compositions comprising a (meth)acrylate component, at least a portion which comprises a (meth)acrylate-functionalized bio-renewable oleaginous polyurethane polymer, and methods of their production and use. These compositions provide excellent adhesion especially on oily surfaces.

Abstract: The invention concerns two-component polyurethane compositions of a polyol component and a polyisocyanate component, the polyol component including at least one reaction product of castor oil and ketone resins with an OH number of 110 to 200 mg KOH/g, and at least one aliphatic triol, and the polyisocyanate component including at least one aromatic polyisocyanate, the ratio in weight percent of being between 4 and 50 and the ratio of all NCO groups of the aromatic polyisocyanates to all the OH groups totaling (A1+A2)=1.15:1-85:1, the aliphatic triol being-1,2,3-propane triol and/or-1,1,1-trimethylol propane and/or polyether polyols based on 1,1,1-trimethylol propane with a molecular weight of 170-500 g/mol and an OH-number of 400-1100 mg KOH/g, and the total of all the OH groups of (A1+A2) being ?90% of the total of all the OH groups of the two-component polyurethane composition.

Abstract: A heat storage material composition contains a styrene-ethylene-ethylene-propylene-styrene copolymer and a paraffin-based wax. The heat storage material composition preferably further contains a paraffin-based process oil that softens the styrene-ethylene-ethylene-propylene-styrene copolymer. Also, the heat storage material composition preferably contains not less than 300 parts by mass and not more than 1000 parts by mass of the wax with respect to 100 parts by mass of the styrene-ethylene-ethylene-propylene-styrene copolymer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a pre-treated ion exchange resin comprising at least 15% by total number of exchangeable groups comprising at least one of an ion, or a Lewis acid, or a Lewis base resulting from a heat transfer fluid component having a pKa or pKb of greater than 5 in an aqueous solution at 25° C., based on the total number of exchangeable groups. In one embodiment, the heat transfer fluid component is at least one of a colorant, a corrosion inhibitor, an antifoaming agent, a bitterant, a dispersant, or a combination thereof. In one embodiment, the heat transfer fluid component comprises a heat transfer fluid corrosion inhibitor. Also disclosed are heat transfer systems, assemblies, fuel cell systems and methods of maintaining a conductivity of less than 200 ?S/cm in a heat transfer fluid that employ the disclosed pre-treated ion exchange resins.

Abstract: An emulsion breaker composition, a method of making the emulsion breaker, and method of breaking an emulsion are disclosed. In one method, an emulsion is contacted with an effective amount of an emulsion breaker composition. The emulsion breaker is a linear or branched polymer having at least one branch, wherein each branch has a first polymer block having a backbone including a plurality of ester groups and a second polymer block including an alkoxylate, and wherein at least two of the ester groups are connected by a —CR1R2 group. The emulsion breakers are preferably formed by reacting a polyol with a cyclic ester monomer in the presence of a first catalyst to form an intermediate polymer having a plurality of branches, wherein each branch has a backbone including a plurality of ester groups, and then reacting the intermediate polymer with at least one alkylene oxide species in the presence of a second catalyst to form an alkoxylate block on each branch.

Abstract: A method for degrading a downhole article includes exposing the downhole article comprising a controlled electrolytic material to a composition that comprises a reducing agent. The method also includes contacting the downhole article with the reducing agent to degrade the downhole article. Additionally, a composition for degrading a downhole article includes water, chelant, metal ions, and a reducing agent that includes ascorbic acid, erythorbic acid, a derivative thereof, a salt thereof, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: The invention provides a method, composition, and system for inhibiting sulfide stress cracking of metal that is exposed to aqueous sulfide and aqueous acid, and optionally brine, where the composition comprises a thietane compound, a thiirane compound, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to treatment of subterranean formations using compositions that experience an increase in viscosity as a result of the application of heat or shear. In various embodiments, the present invention provides a method of treating a subterranean formation. The method can include obtaining or providing a composition including a linear triblock copolymer and inorganic particles. The method can include at least one of shearing and heating the composition, to increase the viscosity thereof. The method can also include contacting the composition with a subterranean material downhole.

Abstract: Cysteine synthase or O-Acetyl-L-Serine Sulfhydrylase enzymes, such as those derived from the Aeropyrum pernix bacterium, may be used in additive compositions, fluid compositions, and methods for decreasing or removing hydrogen sulfide from recovered downhole fluids and/or the subterranean reservoir wellbore from which the downhole fluid was recovered. The fluid composition may include at least one cysteine synthase enzyme and a base fluid, such as a drilling fluid, a servicing fluid, a production fluid, a completion fluid, an injection fluid, a refinery fluids, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions and methods for reducing or preventing the loss of drilling fluids and other well servicing fluids into a subterranean formation during drilling or construction of boreholes in said formation. Specifically, this invention comprises a curable cross-linkable composition capable of free radical polymerization for creating lost circulation material. The curable cross-linkable composition comprises a mixture of: (i) an organic compound capable of free radical (co)polymerization (Fp1LxQ1 and (ii) a reactive diluent (Fp2LyQ2.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, an invert emulsion drilling fluid comprises: an external phase, wherein the external phase of the drilling fluid comprises a hydrocarbon liquid; an internal phase, wherein the internal phase of the drilling fluid comprises water; and a surfactant, wherein the surfactant: (A) comprises a hydrophobic tail group having a carbon chain length greater than or equal to 16; (B) has a boiling point greater than or equal to 400° F. (204.4° C.); and (C) is in at least a sufficient concentration such that the surfactant spontaneously forms reverse-micelles. According to another embodiment, a method of using the invert emulsion drilling fluid comprises: introducing the drilling fluid into a well.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, an invert emulsion drilling fluid comprises: an external phase, wherein the external phase of the drilling fluid comprises a hydrocarbon liquid; an internal phase, wherein the internal phase of the drilling fluid comprises water; and a surfactant, wherein the surfactant: (A) comprises a hydrophobic tail group having a carbon chain length greater than or equal to 16; (B) has a boiling point greater than or equal to 400° F. (204.4° C.); and (C) is in at least a sufficient concentration such that the surfactant spontaneously forms reverse-micelles. According to another embodiment, a method of using the invert emulsion drilling fluid comprises: introducing the drilling fluid into a well.

Abstract: A method of inhibiting an undesirable fluid flow path, including pumping a flow of fluid downhole, the flow of fluid containing a plurality of shape-change particles; depositing the shape-change particles in an undesirable fluid flow path in a downhole structure; transitioning the shape-change particles from a first shape to a second shape; forming a plug with the shape-change particles when in the second shape; and inhibiting the undesirable fluid flow path from fluid flow therethrough with the plug of shape-change particles.

Abstract: Methods for treating a zone of a subterranean formation penetrated by a wellbore comprising: (A) forming a treatment fluid comprising: (i) an aqueous continuous phase; (ii) a first chemical having: (a) a single epoxy group; and (b) at least one alkoxy group on a silicon atom, wherein the first chemical is water soluble or dissolves with hydrolysis in the aqueous continuous phase; (iii) a second chemical having an amine group, wherein the second chemical is water soluble or dissolves with hydrolysis in the aqueous continuous phase; and (B) introducing the treatment fluid through the wellbore into the zone of the subterranean formation. In various embodiments, the treatment fluid has a viscosity of less than 5 cP measured at a shear rate of 511 sec?1.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for a bimodal stimulation composition for removal of thickness of a filter cake while minimizing fluid loss is provided. The bimodal stimulation composition includes water, a salt, an acid, and a viscoelastic surfactant.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for inhibiting scale formation within a hydrocarbon producing system (e.g. a subterranean formation), said method comprising contacting said system with a clay mineral, an organosilane and a scale inhibitor.

Abstract: To minimize headspace in a storage container and thereby reduce or eliminate alcohol evaporation, concentrated surfactant solutions stabilized by a diluent of higher volatility than the surfactant, such as alcohol, are stored in a flexible bladder fabricated from fabric including an impermeable or semipermeable membrane, such as polyurethane coated fabric. Because the bladder automatically deflates as the fluid level decreases, minimal head space is maintained and evaporation of the alcohol is thus constrained. A rigid support structure may be employed to hold the flexible bladder. With such a storage system, concentrated surfactant solutions may be manufactured at a convenient location for transport to and storage near an injection well, with considerable time between manufacture and application allowed before the surfactant solution degrades by an unacceptable amount.

Abstract: An alkylaromatic sulfonate is disclosed wherein the alkyl group contains a distribution of alkyl chain lengths which comprise greater than 15 weight percent and up to about 35 weight percent of C30 to C58. Also disclosed is a process for preparing an alkylaromatic sulfonate and its use in recovering crude oil from a subterranean hydrocarbon containing formation.

Abstract: Improved hydraulic fracturing compositions are disclosed which help reduce potential negative environmental impact by hydraulic fracturing. The disclosed compositions have flammability and toxicity and are relatively safe for the environment. The compositions may also contain biodegradable components.

Abstract: A relatively low density, high strength round proppant material having (i) a round core made of a sintered mixture of fly ash and clay or, in some instances, fly ash, clay, and bauxite; and (ii) an outer shell made of sintered bauxite, and a method of making the same.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for treating a subterranean formation wherein a fluid containing an ammonium salt of glutamic acid N,N-diacetic acid (GLDA) or methylglycine N,N-diacetic acid (MGDA) is introduced into the formation.

Abstract: The present invention provides an organic light emitting diode comprising a substrate; a transparent cathode; an anode; and an organic material layer interposed between the transparent cathode and the anode, wherein the organic material layer comprises a light emitting layer and an n-type doped electron transport layer, the n-type doped electron transport layer includes an electron transport material and an n-type dopant and is disposed between the transparent cathode and the light emitting layer, and a method for manufacturing the same.

Abstract: An aqueous-based chemiluminescent system is provided. The system comprises an oxalate component comprising an oxalate ester and a solvent; an activator component comprising a peroxide, a catalyst, and water; a surfactant; and a fluorescer. A self-illuminating bubble-forming composition is also provided, comprising the oxalate component, the activator component, the surfactant, and the fluorescer in admixture with an aqueous bubble-forming solution.

Abstract: Direct synthesis methods are generally provided that include reacting Na2(WO4)·2H2O (and/or Na2(GeO4)·2H2O) with NaF in an inert atmosphere at a reaction tion temperature of about 950° C. to about 1400° C., along with the resulting structures and compositions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a nematic liquid crystal composition useful as an electro-optic liquid crystal display material and having a positive dielectric anisotropy (??). The liquid crystal composition has refractive index anisotropy (?n) adjusted to a desired level, a sufficiently low viscosity (?), and a positive dielectric anisotropy (??) while degradation of the temperature range of the nematic phase is avoided by suppressing the decrease in nematic phase-isotropic liquid phase transition temperature (Tni) and the increase in lower limit temperature of the nematic phase. The liquid crystal composition contains one or more compounds selected from compounds represented by general formula (LC0) and one or more compounds selected from a group of compounds represented by general formula (LC1) to general formula (LC5).

Abstract: A paraffinic solvent recovery process for treating high paraffin diluted bitumen includes supplying the latter to flashing apparatus; separating into flashed paraffinic solvent and diluted bitumen underflow; and returning a portion of the underflow as returned diluted bitumen into the high paraffin diluted bitumen prior to introduction into the flashing apparatus, at temperature and amount to shift asphaltene precipitation equilibrium to reduce asphaltene precipitation. The process includes pre-heating the high paraffin diluted bitumen by transferring heat from hot dry bitumen, flashed paraffinic solvent and/or a portion of diluted bitumen underflow. Flashed paraffinic solvent may contain residual light end bitumen contaminants that increase asphaltenes solubility and the process may include removing contaminants to produce reusable paraffinic solvent at given solvent-to-bitumen ratio range to maintain given asphaltene precipitation.

Abstract: More particularly, the model was a dynamic simulation built in HYSYS™ v7.1. The component slate was simplified and selected to give a vapor and two liquid phases, and have the ability to measure an S/B ratio. All the unit operations were included and modeled as best fit within HYSYS™. Pumps were all modelled as standard HYSYS™ centrifugal pumps with performance curves, settlers were modelled as vertical 3-phase vessels with internal weir enabled—the overflow side of the weir is used to simulate the overflow vessels on the settlers. All proposed controllers were included with generic tuning parameters, which control the system process variable (PV) to match a set point (SP). The control algorithm incorporated master PV controllers such as S/B ratio to relate froth and solvent flows and maintain relative material balance relationship between the process streams involved.

Abstract: The present invention provides processes for deconstructing biomass to produce aqueous and organic products using a solvent produced in a bioreforming reaction.

Abstract: A method to produce biofuels from biomass is provide by contacting the biomass with an aqueous media to form an extracted biomass, separating at least a portion of an aqueous liquor from the extracted biomass thereby providing the aqueous liquor stream comprising soluble carbohydrates; contacting the aqueous liquor stream with a purification substrate effective to remove sulfur compounds and nitrogen compounds thereby producing a treated carbohydrate stream having less than 35% of the sulfur content and less than 35% of the nitrogen content of the untreated aqueous liquor feed, based on the untreated aqueous liquor stream, then contacting the treated carbohydrate stream directly with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenolysis catalyst to form a plurality of oxygenated intermediates; and processing at least a portion of the oxygenated intermediates to form a liquid fuel.

Abstract: Provided are processes for making hydrocarbons from renewable feed sources. In an embodiment, there is provided a method for co-producing lube basestock and transportation fuel from a feedstock of biological origin, the method including: a) converting a feedstock of biological origin to a ketone or a dimer acid in the presence of a first catalyst; and b) hydrogenating the ketone or the dimer acid to produce a hydrocarbon in the presence of a second catalyst comprising a hydrogenation catalyst and a hydrothermally stable binder.

Abstract: The use of a composition including a transition metal salt and at least one water-soluble aldehyde or water-soluble aldehyde precursor scavenges H2S that is present in aqueous fluids (e.g. produced water liquid streams), natural gas and in oil and mixtures thereof (e.g. mixed production streams that contain all three phases) better than either component when used alone. The resulting scavenger combination significantly increases the reaction rate and the overall scavenging efficiency, i.e. capacity over the case where each component is used alone, in the same total amount. Non-limiting examples of the metal salt include zinc or iron carboxylates, and a non-limiting example of a water-soluble aldehyde or water-soluble aldehyde precursor is ethylene glycol hemiformal.

Abstract: The present invention is related to formulations including one or more block copolymers with low polydispersity and bifunctionalized with amines, and an ionic liquid. A method of demulsifying, dehydrating, and desalting crude oils having API gravity ranging between 8 to 30 admixes the formulation with the crude oil in an amount effective to demulsify, dehydrate and/or desalt the crude oils.

Abstract: A process for production of middle distillate fraction from gas-to-liquid (GTL) conversion comprising providing a feed stream comprising natural gas and separating a condensate from the feed stream to produce a condensate stream and a feed stream; processing the feed stream via a Fischer-Tropsch (FT) reaction to generate a long chain hydrocarbon product stream; processing the product stream via a heavy paraffinic conversion in order to produce a FT product stream; treating the condensate stream with a desulfurization step to generate a condensate product stream; combining the FT product stream with the condensate product stream to provide a distillate feed stream; and performing a distillation step on the distillation feed stream, wherein the processing steps occur substantially concurrently with the treating step and wherein distillation provides for isolation of middle distillate products. Middle distillate fractions and fuel oils/fuel oil blends obtained according to the process are also provided.

Abstract: Methods are provided for producing a plurality of lubricant base oil products with an increased overall yield. Prior to the final hydrocracking stage for viscosity index uplift, a feed for making a lubricant base oil is fractionated in order to form at least a feed for making a lighter lubricant base oil and a feed for making a heavier lubricant base oil. The fractionation cut points are selected to so that the feed fraction for forming a light lubricant base oil has a higher Noack volatility and a lower viscosity than the desired targets for the lighter lubricant base oil. The feed fractions are then hydroprocessed separately to achieve desired properties. After hydroprocessing, a portion of the heavier base oil is blended into the light lubricant base oil to produce a blended base oil product. This returns the volatility and the viscosity of the blended base oil to the desired specifications.

Abstract: An integrated hydrotreating and steam pyrolysis process for the direct processing of a crude oil is provided to produce olefinic and aromatic petrochemicals. Crude oil and hydrogen are charged to a hydroprocessing zone operating under conditions effective to produce a hydroprocessed effluent reduced having a reduced content of contaminants, an increased paraffinicity, reduced Bureau of Mines Correlation Index, and an increased American Petroleum Institute gravity. Hydroprocessed effluent is thermally cracked in the presence of steam to produce a mixed product stream, which is separated. Hydrogen from the mixed product stream is purified and recycled to the hydroprocessing zone, and olefins and aromatics are recovered from the separated mixed product stream.

Abstract: An apparatus for the gasification of coal or other carbonaceous material is provided for operation at an elevated pressure of at least 30 psia, preferably, between 30 psia and 150 psia. Coal or other carbonaceous material passes downwards through two interconnected sections of a gasifier. In the upper section the coal is dried and partially devolatalized and so converted into a char before it passes into the lower section where it is converted, by reaction with steam and air, into ash and a gaseous mixture of carbon monoxide, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, methane, ethane, ethylene, hydrogen sulphide, carbonyl sulphide and small amounts of ammonia and phenols. The coal, ultimately converted to ash, exits the gasifier through a flanged semi-spherical containment section that has an integrated rotating grate, which collects and disposes of the ash and through which pass the air and steam used as reactants in the gasifier.

Abstract: A compound having formula (I) wherein R1 and R2 independently represent C1-C6 alkyl; R3 is C1-C6 alkyl; R4 is C1-C18 alkyl or C4-C18 heteroalkyl; m is zero, one, two or three; n is one, two or three; and j, k, p, q, r and s independently are zero, one or two; provided that at least one of j, k, p, q, r and s is not zero.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing a branched ester, comprising reacting a branched primary alcohol composition, having from 8 to 28 carbon atoms and an average number of branches per molecule of from 0.7 to 3.0, said branching comprising methyl and ethyl branches, with an acid. In another aspect, the invention provides a process for preparing a branched ester, pour point depressants for use in fuels, and the use of a branched primary alcohol composition.

Abstract: A diesel fuel substitute composition includes an alcohol, an acetal, and an additive comprising a component selected from the group consisting of C3-8 dialkyl ethers, alkylated phenols, R—NO2, and combinations thereof. A method for forming the diesel fuel substitute is also provided.

Abstract: In order to blend fuels to meet specific regulatory and industry requirements, for instance octane requirements, different octane blending components can be used. One added component includes a composition of higher aromatics content. Unfortunately, this aromatic content may increase the particulate emissions of an internal combustion engine when the high aromatic fuel is combusted in that engine. As explained herein, reducing the aromatics content and replacing that octane increasing requirement with an alternative octane enhancer results in a formulated fuel that will have lower particulate emissions in the real-world driving of that engine as compared with a fuel having higher aromatic content.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a sulphur-free odorizing composition to be added into liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) in order to allow the user to sense any leakage in case of LPG leakages which might occur in the area of utilization.

Abstract: Fine coal particles are dewatered by mechanically removing water from the coal particles by vibration assisted vacuum dewatering to form a coal particle filter cake. The filter cake typically has a water content less than 35% by weight, suitable for extrusion to form discrete, non-tacky pellets. The vibration assisted vacuum dewatering may operate at a vibration frequency in the range from about 1 Hz to about 500 Hz. The vibration frequency may be adjusted during the dewatering process. In some embodiments, the vibration frequency is increased as the moisture content of the coal particle filter cake is decreased. Washing the filter cake during dewatering removes soluble contaminants. Various vibration assisted vacuum dewatering devices may be used, including a vibration assisted rotary vacuum dewatering drum, a vibration assisted vacuum disk filter, and a vibration assisted vacuum conveyor system.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to novel anti-wear additives for diesel or biodiesel fuels having a sulphur content less than or equal to 500 ppm by mass. These novel additives will also improve the lacquering resistance of the higher-grade diesel or biodiesel fuels having a sulphur content less than or equal to 500 ppm by mass.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel acid-free quaternized nitrogen compounds, to the preparation thereof and to the use thereof as a fuel and lubricant additive, more particularly as a detergent additive, as a wax antisettling additive (WASA) or as an additive for reducing internal diesel injector deposits (IDID); to additive packages which comprise these compounds; and to fuels and lubricants thus additized. The present invention further relates to the use of these acid-free quaternized nitrogen compounds as a fuel additive for reducing or preventing deposits in the injection systems of direct-injection diesel engines, especially in common-rail injection systems, for reducing the fuel consumption of direct-injection diesel engines, especially of diesel engines with common-rail injection systems, and for minimizing power loss in direct-injection diesel engines, especially in diesel engines with common-rail injection systems.

Abstract: A liquid fuel composition comprising a base fuel suitable for use in an internal combustion engine; one or more organic UV filter compounds; and one or more ester co-additive compounds provides improvements in terms of stability properties in an additive blend containing said one or more organic UV filter compounds and said one or more ester co-additive compounds, particularly at low temperatures, such as temperatures of 5° C. or lower.

Abstract: Disclosed is a working fluid composition for a refrigerating machine, comprising a refrigerating machine oil comprising an ester of a polyhydric alcohol and a fatty acid, a carbodiimide compound, and a phosphorous compound, and at least one refrigerant selected from 1, 1, 1,2-tetrafluoroethane and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, the fatty acid comprises at least one selected from fatty acids having 4 to 9 carbon atoms, and the carbodiimide compound and the phosphorus compound satisfy the conditions represented by the formula (1): 0.11 ? ( N C M C · W C ) ( N P M P · W P ) ? 4.