Abstract: A millimeter wave three dimensional holographic scan imaging apparatus and a method for inspecting a human body or an article are disclosed. The apparatus comprises a first millimeter wave transceiver module, a second millimeter wave transceiver module, a first guide rail device to which the first millimeter wave transceiver module is connected in slidable form, a second guide rail device to which the second millimeter wave transceiver module is connected in slidable form, a driver configured to drive the first/second millimeter wave transceiver module to move along the first/second guide rail device, and a constrainer configured to constrain kinematic relation between the first and the second millimeter wave transceiver modules such that they only move in directions opposed to each other. They may increase scan speeds, improve scan stability, reduce scan operations and enhance the reliability of the apparatus.

Abstract: A method and system are disclosed for tracking objects which are crossing behind a host vehicle. Target data from a vision system and two radar sensors are provided to an object detection fusion system. Salient points on the target object are identified and tracked using the vision system data. The salient vision points are associated with corresponding radar points, where the radar points provide Doppler radial velocity data. A fusion calculation is performed on the salient vision points and the radar points, yielding an accurate estimate of the velocity of the target object, including its lateral component which is difficult to obtain using radar points only or traditional vision system methods. The position and velocity of the target object are used to trigger warnings or automatic braking in a Rear Cross Traffic Avoidance (RCTA) system.

Abstract: An avionic weather radar system and method can sense a path attenuation condition using radar returns of received via a radar antenna onboard the aircraft. Images of weather can be displayed using an outside source and the radar returns. The images are displayed using information from the outside source when the path attenuation condition is sensed. The images can be displayed using speckled areas, cross hatched areas or other symbols to represent the information from the outside source. The images of the weather can be provided on an avionic display.

Abstract: A method for sensing the surroundings of a vehicle with a number of sensors, in which method during at least one echo cycle at least one echo information item about the surroundings is sensed by at least one sensor and is compressed using an algorithm, and in which the at least one compressed echo information item is transferred to at least one processing unit.

Abstract: A parallel running vehicle detecting apparatus is provided, which includes a first distance sensor for detecting distance of an object in a first detection area on a rear lateral side of a vehicle, a second distance sensor for detecting distance of an object in a second detection area, a parallel running vehicle detector for detecting a parallel running vehicle based on detections of the first and second distance sensors, and a storage for storing a detection distance history of the second distance sensor. The parallel running vehicle detector is provided with multiple determination conditions for determining whether the object detected by the first distance sensor is the parallel running vehicle, and changes the parallel running vehicle determination condition based on the detection distance history stored in the storage.

Abstract: Devices, methods and systems are provided for monitoring movement of an object, such as rotation of a blade or other airfoil. One exemplary tracking device includes a first emitter to emit first radiation along a first line of sight, a first detector proximate the first emitter to detect the first radiation, a second emitter to emit second radiation along a second line of sight, and a second detector proximate the second emitter to detect the second radiation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for providing distance information of a scene with a time-of-flight camera (1), comprising the steps of emitting a modulated light pulse towards the scene, receiving reflections of the modulated light pulse from the scene, evaluating a time-of-flight information for the received reflections of the modulated light pulse, and deriving distance information from the time-of-flight information for the received reflections, whereby a spread spectrum signal is applied to a base frequency of the modulation of the light pulse, and the time-of-flight information is evaluated under consideration of the a spread spectrum signal applied to the base frequency of the modulation of the light pulse. The invention further relates to a time-of-flight camera (1) for providing distance information from a scene, whereby the time-of-flight camera (1) performs the above method.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electro-optical distance-measuring device, more particularly a laser rangefinder, with a transmitting unit for transmitting intensity-modulated optical radiation, a receiving unit for receiving a portion of the optical radiation reflected back from a target in a photosensitive electrical component and converting it into an electrical received signal, an input filter for filtering the received signal, an analog-to-digital converter for digitizing the filtered received signal and an electronic analysis unit that calculates the distance from the rangefinder to the target object on the basis of a signal propagation time using the digitized received signal. The input filter is implemented as a time-discrete and continuous-value filter structure, more particularly a digital filter structure.

Abstract: A noise spectral differential unit records a noise spectrum in a state without any received signal, and subtracts the noise spectrum from a received signal spectrum. An offset corrector performs offset correction of the signal spectrum obtained by subtracting the noise spectrum by the noise spectral differential unit with respect to the noise level at a frequency separated from the frequency peak position of the received signal by a prescribed value. A frequency shift analyzer executes signal processing of the signal spectrum resulting after the offset correction and measures a frequency shift. A wind velocity converter makes wind velocity detection from the frequency shift measured by the frequency shift analyzer.

Abstract: Measuring a volume of space including providing a laser scanner having a transmitter, a receiver, a beam steering mechanism, and a display unit integral to the laser scanner. A plurality of distances to measuring points are determined based at least in part on propagation times of measuring beams sent from the beam steering mechanism and reflected beams. Gray-scale values representative of the measuring points are determined and assigned to elements of a measuring point array, and the measuring point array is transformed into a display point array that corresponds to a first number of display points. The measuring point array corresponds to a second number of measuring points greater than the first number. The transforming includes assigning display gray-scale values to elements of the display point array. For each display point, a pixel of the display unit is illuminated, with the level of illumination depending on the display gray-scale value.

Abstract: A processing module to monitor a horizontal delay gradient in satellite signals is provided. The processing module includes a dual-processing-satellite-differencing module, a double differencing module, and a gradient estimator module. The dual-processing-satellite-differencing module is operable to: receive carrier phase measurements for at least two satellites from at least two reference receivers; implement a first processing mode to normalize first satellite differences between +?/2 and ??/2; implement a second processing mode configured to normalize second satellite differences between 0 and ?; and select for further processing one of: data indicative of the first satellite differences processed according to the first processing mode; and data indicative of the second satellite differences processed according to the second processing mode. The double differencing module forms double-differences based on the selected data input from the dual-processing-satellite-differencing module.

Abstract: An intelligent system for choosing selection schemes to be tried in a predetermined order for determining the location of a wireless mobile client, including retrieving a last known position record from a cache, checking serving network capability, choosing an initial selection scheme according to parameters including at least the required response time and the requested location method, including a method employing navigational satellites, attempting to retrieve a current position record, trying successive untried selection schemes in turn according to a predetermined algorithm if no current position record has been retrieved, and returning the current position record and updating the last known position record, or returning an error if no current position record has been retrieved, and returning the last known position record if an error has been returned, the last known position record exists in the cache and the last known position record has not expired.

Abstract: A position information processing device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention can include a GPS receiver adapted and configured to receive a first satellite signal, an interdevice receiver adapted and configured to receive a second satellite signal from a mobile phone, a GPS information processor adapted and configured to compare the first satellite signal with the second satellite signal and generate a third satellite signal for calculating a current position, and a controller adapted and configured to use the third satellite signal to calculate coordinates of the current position. The proposed position information processing device uses the satellite signal that is received from the mobile phone, and therefore the accuracy of the position measurement can be improved.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a system for detecting manipulation of a GNSS signal and mitigating against such manipulation. A GNSS receiver receives GNSS signals from a plurality of GNSS satellites, and calculates event times for each GNSS satellite. The GNSS receiver then compares a next event time for a particular GNSS satellite with an expected next event time for the particular GNSS satellite. If the difference between the expected next event time and the next event times exceeds a predetermined threshold, then the GNSS receiver indicates that signal integrity may be compromised.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for distribution and delivery of global positioning system (GPS) satellite telemetry data using a communication link between a central site and a mobile GPS receiver. The central site is coupled to a network of reference satellite receivers that send telemetry data from all satellites to the central site. The mobile GPS receiver uses the delivered telemetry data to aid its acquisition of the GPS satellite signal. The availability of the satellite telemetry data enhances the mobile receiver's signal reception sensitivity.

Abstract: A primary phase measurement device measures a first carrier phase and a second carrier phase of carrier signals received by the location-determining receiver. A secondary phase measurement device measures the third carrier phase and the fourth carrier phase of other carrier signals. A real time kinematic engine estimates a first integer ambiguity set associated with the measured first carrier phase and a second integer ambiguity set associated with the measured second carrier phase. The real time kinematic engine estimates a third ambiguity set associated with the measured third carrier phase and a fourth ambiguity set associated with the measured fourth carrier phase. A compensator is capable of compensating for the inter-channel bias in at least one of the third ambiguity set and the fourth ambiguity set by modeling a predictive filter in accordance with various inputs or states of the filter estimated by an estimator.

Abstract: A scintillator element (22) includes scintillator blocks (60) arranged to form an array, and transparent or translucent material (62) disposed between adjacent scintillator blocks of the array. The transparent or translucent material may comprise epoxy or glue disposed between adjacent scintillator blocks of the array and adhering the adjacent scintillator blocks together. In some embodiments the scintillator blocks have a refractive index for scintillation light of at least •=1.8, and the transparent or translucent material has a refractive index for the scintillation light of at least •=1.6. An array of light detectors (24), such as silicon photomultipliers (SiPM) detectors formed monolithically on a silicon substrate, may be disposed on a bottom face of the scintillator element to detect scintillation light generated in the scintillator element. For PET applications, the scintillator element and the array of light detectors define a radiation detector (20) configured to detect 511 keV radiation.

Abstract: An M×N array of sensor tiles are attached to a substrate using a compliant film that includes an adhesive. A thickness of the compliant film varies depending on a thickness of the sensor tiles so that outward facing sides of the sensor tiles are coplanar.

Abstract: A gamma radiation detection device (1) includes a scintillator element (2) and an optical detector (3) in optical communication with the scintillator element (2). A plurality of particles or voids (5) are dispersed in the scintillator element (2) which scatter the scintillation light (7), reducing the trapping of scintillation light (7) by multiple reflections.

Abstract: A method includes obtaining a photosensor substrate (236) having two opposing major surfaces. One of the two opposing major surfaces includes at least one photosensor row (230) of at least one photosensor element (232, 234), and the obtained photosensor substrate has a thickness equal to or greater than one hundred microns. The method further includes optically coupling a scintillator array (310) to the photosensor substrate. The scintillator array includes at least one complementary scintillator row (224) of at least one complementary scintillator element (226, 228), and the at least one complementary scintillator row is optically coupled to the at least one photosensor row (230) and the at least one complementary scintillator element is optically coupled to the at least one photosensor element.

Abstract: A crystal-array module includes a number of unit crystal strips. The three-dimensional shape of the crystal-array module is a frustum or a combination of a right quadrangular prism and the frustum. The frustrum includes a first bottom face coupled with a photoelectric device and a first top face opposed to the first bottom face. The area of the first bottom face is smaller than that of the first top face. A fabrication method of the crystal-array module includes joining cut unit crystal strips or cut unit crystal strip arrays together.

Abstract: A process for fabricating a crystalline scintillator material with an elpasolite structure that has a theoretical composition of A2BC(1-y)MyX(6-y) can include conducting crystallization by cooling from a melt bath including r moles of A and s moles of B. A is chosen from Cs, Rb, K, and Na. B is chosen from Li, K, and Na. C is chosen from athe rare earth elements, Al, and Ga. M is chosen from the alkaline earth elements. X is chosen from F, Cl, Br, and I, and y represents the atomic fraction of substitution of C by M and is in the range extending from 0 to 0.05. The melt bath can be in contact with the material containing A and B in such a way that 2s/r is above 1. The process shows an improved fabrication yield. The crystals formed therefrom can have improved scintillation properties.

Abstract: A scintillator pack (2) and a CT X-ray detector array (1) comprising such scintillator pack (2) are proposed. The scintillator pack (2) comprises an array of scintillator pixels (3). At a bottom surface (31) of each scintillator pixel (3), an X-ray absorbing encapsulation (13) is provided. This encapsulation (13) comprises an electrically insulating highly X-ray absorbing material having an atomic number greater than 60 such as, for example, Bismuth oxide (Bi2O3). The X-ray absorbing encapsulation (13) is interposed between the scintillator pixels (3) and an electronic circuit (19). The electronic circuit (19) may be provided as an ASIC in CMOS technology and may therefore be sensitive to X-ray induced damage. The encapsulation (13) provides for good X-ray protection of such electronic circuit (19).

Abstract: Methods and related systems are described for gamma-ray detection. A gamma-ray detector is made depending on its properties and how those properties are affected by the data analysis. Desirable properties for a downhole detector include; high temperature operation, reliable/robust packaging, good resolution, high countrate capability, high density, high Z, low radioactive background, low neutron cross-section, high light output, single decay time, efficiency, linearity, size availability, etc. Since no single detector has the optimum of all these properties, a downhole tool design preferably picks the best combination of these in existing detectors, which will optimize the performance of the measurement in the required environment and live with the remaining non-optimum properties.

Abstract: A counting digital x-ray detector for recording x-ray images of an object irradiated by x-ray radiation includes a direct x-ray converter for converting x-ray radiation into an electric signal and a matrix with a plurality of counting pixel elements. At least one part of the counting pixel elements has a signal input and two circuits for converting the signal into a count signal. A first circuit of the two circuits is configured to convert the signal entering the respective pixel element directly into a count signal and to count the count signal. A second circuit of the two circuits is configured to convert the signal entering directly into the respective pixel element together with coincident occurring signals of at least one neighboring pixel element into a count signal and to count the count signal. The first circuit and/or the second circuit are able to be activated individually and both together.

Abstract: An imaging system includes a magnetic resonance portion that produces an electric field and a second imaging portion, including a detector with a two dimensional array of detector tiles, wherein adjacent tiles along an axial direction are spaced apart by an electrically conductive material, which shields the tiles from the electric field. An imaging system includes a first imaging portion having a detector, which includes an array of scintillation crystals and a photo-sensor coupled to the array of scintillation crystals, wherein an output of the photo-sensor includes a unique ratio of information that identifies each crystal.

Abstract: Pressure activated linear locking mechanisms and related methods. At least some of the illustrative embodiments are systems including: a cover member defining an inner surface, an outer surface, a length, and a first locking portion; a first hollow defined in the locking portion, the first hollow extending along the length of the cover member; a locking member defining a first appendage extending along a first side, the first appendage defines a cross-section and an internal volume; said first appendage disposed within the first hollow, and when the releasable cover is exposed to atmospheric pressure, the first appendage in an inflated condition; and the first appendage is configured to transition to a deflated condition in response to a predetermined pressure greater than the initial pressure.

Abstract: It is proposed a method for collecting, in a collecting device distinct from a central unit, data coming from a plurality of seismic acquisition units. The method includes a step of assigning at least one device as a sink unit. For a given sink unit, the method also includes the following steps for data specific to at least one seismic acquisition unit not assigned as a sink unit: transmitting the specific data from the at least one seismic acquisition unit to the given sink unit, via a radio path established in a radio multi-hop network built at least with the given sink unit and the plurality of seismic acquisition units; and transmitting the specific data from the given sink unit to the collecting device, via a link.

Abstract: Computing systems and methods for improving processing of collected data are disclosed. In one embodiment, while ray-tracing through a sub-surface region, a frequency-dependent outgoing ray direction is computed from a point on an interface disposed in the sub-surface region when the ray tracing is at the interface.

Abstract: Buoyant tail section of a geophysical streamer. At least some of the example embodiments are methods of performing a geophysical survey in a marine environment, the method including: towing an active section of a geophysical streamer in the marine environment, the active section having a buoyancy; towing a tail section, the tail section coupled to a distal end of the active section, the towing of the tail section by way of the active section, and at least a portion of the tail section having a buoyancy that is both positively buoyant and greater than buoyancy of the active section; towing a tail buoy in the marine environment, the tail buoy coupled to a distal end of the tail section, and the towing of the tail buoy by way of the tail section; and gathering geophysical survey data by way of the active section.

Abstract: An operation managing system is provided for managing the operation of a navigation control device. The navigation control device is adapted for controlling the depth and/or the lateral position of a towed acoustic linear antenna and including a body to which is attached a set of wings. The operation managing system operates the navigation control device according to a degraded operating mode, by acting on at least one non-released and motorized wing when detecting that at least one wing of the set of wings has been released or must be released.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided to enhance logging data images. Some system embodiments include a dowhole tool, at least one sensor, and a processing system. The downhole tool gathers two-dimensional logging data while moving through a borehole. The sensor(s) measure at least one characteristic of the downhole tool's operation or environment, such as tool motion, offset distance, borehole geometry, and/or properties of the borehole fluid. Such characteristics can cause smearing or spreading of the tool's logging data measurements. Accordingly the processing system determines a de-spreading function based at least in part on the measured characteristic(s) and applies the de-spreading function to the two-dimensional logging data to obtain an enhanced logging data image, which can be presented to a user via a user interface.

Abstract: A tool attachment unit includes a power feeding electrode and a plurality of detection electrodes. When a tool including a power receiving electrode and a displacement electrode is attached onto the tool attachment unit, the power feeding electrode and the power receiving electrode are opposed to each other, and the detection electrode and the displacement electrode are opposed to each other. A pair of the power feeding electrode and the power receiving electrode and a pair of the detection electrode and the displacement electrode form a capacitor circuit. A capacity of the capacitor circuit is changed in response to a position of the tool. A tool position detection unit supplies a power feeding signal to the power feeding electrode. A voltage information extractor extracts voltage information from the detection electrode. Based on the extracted voltage information, a position detection/arithmetic operation unit detects to which position the tool is attached.

Abstract: A material-discerning proximity sensor is arranged to include an antenna that is arranged to radiate a radio-frequency signal. A capacitive sensor is arranged to detect a change in capacitance of the capacitive sensor and to receive the radio-frequency signal. An electrical quantity sensor is arranged to detect a change of the received radio-frequency signal and a change of a radio-frequency signal at an output of the at least one band pass filter.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to user interfaces for enhanced utility locators. Such enhanced utility locators may include a variety of sensors and other such technologies for determining information regarding a buried or otherwise inaccessible utility line. Such information may be displayed in various ways to convey relative characteristics among multiple utilities, or to convey relative characteristics of one or more utilities with respect to a locator.

Abstract: An antenna 3 of an electromagnetic probe used in investigation of geological formations GF surrounding a borehole WBH comprises a conductive base 31 and an antenna element 32. The conductive base 31 comprises an opened non-resonant cavity 33. The antenna element 32 is embedded in the cavity 33 and goes right through the cavity. The antenna element 32 is isolated from the conductive base 31. The antenna element 32 is coupled to at least one electronic module via a first 34A and a second 34B port, respectively. The electronic module operates the antenna so as to define either a substantially pure magnetic dipole, or a substantially pure electric dipole.

Abstract: A system to create a surface log by using a processor connected to data storage on a network that creates and executive dashboard of surface log information using computer instructions to (a) form an editable surface log template, (b) import user information, well sensor information, well event based observation data; well fluid testing data, (c) scale the imported data, forming scaled values, (d) computing a microview and a macroview log plot using the scaled values; (e) creating an executive dashboard, (f) inserting the log plots onto the executive dashboard and other real time well logging information allowing viewing of the log plots simultaneously with the other information on a real time basis, enabling safety interpretations for drilling, geological interpretations for drilling, operational interpretations for drilling, and combinations of these interpretations, in real time.

Abstract: An apparatus for estimating a property of an earth formation and a borehole fluid includes a carrier configured to be disposed in a borehole, and a pulsed neutron measurement assembly including a pulsed neutron source configured to emit neutrons into the borehole and the earth formation, and a gamma ray detector. The apparatus also includes a fluid density measurement assembly including the gamma ray detector and a gamma ray source configured to irradiate a borehole fluid with gamma rays. The gamma ray detector is positioned relative to the gamma ray source to detect both of: gamma rays resulting from neutron interactions and gamma rays emitted from the borehole fluid in response to irradiation from the gamma ray source. The apparatus further includes a processor configured to differentiate a pulsed neutron gamma ray spectrum associated with the interactions from a density gamma ray spectrum.

Abstract: A method for calculating performance of satellite gravity field measurement by low-to-low satellite-to-satellite tracking, includes: acquiring parameters of gravity satellite system; calculating an effect of satellite loads on the power spectrum of nonspherical perturbation potential, so as to obtain an degree error variance; comparing degree error variance with degree variance given by Kaula Rule, and when degree error variance equals degree variance, considering that the highest degree of gravity field measurement is obtained, calculating geoid degree error and its accumulative error, gravity anomaly degree error and its accumulative error, so as to obtain the performance of satellite gravity field measurement by low-to-low satellite-to-satellite tracking.

Abstract: The present invention provides a package structure of an optical apparatus which includes a substrate, a light emitting device, a light sensing device, and a light barrier member. The light emitting device is disposed on the substrate and electrically connected to the substrate. The light emitting device is for emitting light. The light sensing device is disposed on the substrate and is a chip scale package (CSP) device. The light sensing device is for receiving light reflected by an object. The light barrier member is disposed around a periphery of the light sensing device.

Abstract: A synthetic quartz glass substrate having front and back surfaces is worked by lapping, etching, mirror polishing, and cleaning steps for thereby polishing the front surface of the substrate to a mirror-like surface. The etching step is carried out using a hydrofluoric acid solution at pH 4-7.

Abstract: A detection device for detecting an object is disclosed. The detection device is located on and/or above an inner panel part of a motor vehicle in the region of an exit opening implemented in the inner panel part, wherein the detection device has a detection region, in which the object is detectable in an acquisition direction of the detection device, wherein the acquisition direction extends at least essentially in parallel to an opening plane of the exit opening.

Abstract: For a manufacturing machine that moves in and out of a detection area of a multi-optical axis photoelectric sensor, floating blanking and blanking monitoring are activated without outputting a stop signal to stop the manufacturing machine every when the manufacturing machine moves out of the detection area. A detection processing unit performs, when at least one of the plurality of optical axes is constantly interrupted by the object, floating blanking of outputting the detection signal upon determining that the number of optical axes in an interrupted state is greater than a preset maximum optical axis number, and blanking monitoring of outputting the detection signal upon determining that the number of optical axes in an interrupted state is smaller than a preset minimum optical axis number, and activates or deactivates the floating blanking and the blanking monitoring based on the signals received by the signal reception unit.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods and apparatuses for evaluating a porous earth formation. The method may include estimating a value of at least one parameter of interest of the earth formation using a signal indicative of acoustic waves generated at a metallic surface (200) in communication with the earth formation when the metallic surface (200) is exposed to a constant magnetic field (250) normal to the metallic surface (200) and a harmonic magnetic field (260) along the metallic surface. The signal may be generated by a sensor responsive to the acoustic waves. The apparatus may include a first magnetic source (230) configured to generate a constant magnetic field (250), a second magnetic source (240) configured to generate a harmonic magnetic field (260), and a sensor (220) configured to generate a signal in response to acoustic waves.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and computer programs for monitoring production of fluids from a subterranean formation includes receiving, from a first sensor array at a first time, a first set of electromagnetic signals generated by an electro seismic or seismoelectric conversion of seismic signals caused, at least in part, by the production of fluid from the subterranean formation; receiving, from the first sensor array at a second time, a second set of electromagnetic signals generated by an electroseismic or seismoelectric conversion of seismic signals caused, at least in part, by the production of fluid from the subterranean formation; and determining one or more reservoir properties based, at least in part, on the first and second sets signals received from the first sensor array. The first sensor array is arranged to monitor the production operation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to ionic silicone hydrogel polymers displaying improved lysozyme uptake, low contact angle and reduced water soluble polymeric ammonium salt uptake.

Abstract: The invention relates to a substrate (10), especially a transparent glass substrate, equipped with a thin-film multilayer comprising, in alternation, “n” metallic functional films (40, 80, 120), in particular functional films based on silver or a metal alloy containing silver, and “(n+1)” antireflection coatings (20, 60, 100, 140), where n is an integer?3, each antireflection coating comprising at least one antireflection film, so that each functional film (40, 80, 120) is located between two antireflection coatings (20, 60, 100, 140), characterized in that said multilayer comprises at least two high-refractive-index antireflection films (25, 145), each having a refractive index?2.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a polarizing plate excellent durability even under high humidity conditions and more particularly, to a polarizing plate including a polarizer and a protective layer formed on at least one surface of the polarizer, wherein the protective layer is formed of a cured product of a radically curable composition including a compound represented by the following [Chemical Formula 1]; a vinyl ether compound; a carboxylic acid compound including at least one unsaturated double bond; and a radical initiator.

Abstract: An optical element array includes a plurality of optical elements arranged along a first direction and a second direction. A first optical element is included at a position distanced from a center of the optical element array by a first distance. The first optical element has a first width, a first height, and a first curvature radius at the first position, and a second width, a second height, and a second curvature radius at a second position. The first width is wider than the second width, the first height is higher than the second height, and the first curvature radius is smaller than the second curvature radius. The first position and the second position are taken along a single direction.

Abstract: A lens array comprises a plurality of lenses disposed on a transparent substrate, and a light-shielding film disposed on the transparent substrate around the plurality of lenses, wherein the light-shielding film comprises a cured uv-curable ink containing a thermal acid generator. A method of manufacturing a lens array includes forming a plurality of lenses on a transparent substrate, depositing a uv-curable ink on the transparent substrate around the plurality of lenses, and curing the uv-curable ink to form a light-shielding film disposed on the transparent substrate around the plurality of lenses, wherein the inside of the light-shielding film is heated after the uv-curable ink is cured.