Abstract: A heat-dissipation structure of a liquid crystal is disclosed. The heat dissipation structure comprises a light bar component having a circuit portion, the light bar component comprises a vertical plate and a horizontal plate, the vertical plate and the horizontal plate are formed by one-piece bending and are vertical to each other, and a plurality of LED light source modules are disposed on a surface of the vertical plate; and a back plate, the horizontal plate is disposed on the back plate. In the liquid crystal module and the heat dissipation structure, the bending light bar component is connected to the back plate. Compared with the traditional art, the liquid crystal module has narrower border, higher heat dissipation efficiency and longer life time.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a color filter substrate, a method for manufacturing the same, a display panel and a display device. The color filter substrate includes a plurality of color filters and a black matrix arranged between adjacent color filters. The color filter substrate further includes a position limiting unit arranged on the black matrix and configured to clamp at least one of data lines and gate lines on the array substrate.

Abstract: In an electro-optical device 100, a color filter substrate 20 is provided with colored pixels, which are: a red pixel 2(R) with a colored layer 28(R) formed inside a concave portion 25(R) formed in a first surface 20s of a light-transmissive substrate 20d, a green pixel 2(G) with a colored layer 28(G) formed inside a concave portion 25(G) formed in said surface, and a blue pixel 2(B) with a colored layer 28(B) formed inside a concave portion 25(B) formed in said surface. In addition, in the substrate 20d, a non-colored pixel 2(W), at which no colored layer is provided, is provided outside the concave portion 25(R), 25(G), 25(B) at a position where the thickness of the substrate 20d is greater than that at the colored pixels.

Abstract: A lens array substrate includes a substrate provided with a plurality of concave portions in a first face thereof. The lens layer includes a first lens layer, a second lens layer, and a third lens layer which are sequentially laminated from a substrate side by reflecting the shape of the concave portion therein. A refractive index of the first lens layer is larger than a refractive index of the second lens layer, and a refractive index of the third lens layer is smaller than the refractive index of the second lens layer and is larger than a refractive index of the substrate. The third lens layer, the second lens layer, and the first lens layer are sequentially exposed to the surface of the lens layer toward the end from the central portion of the concave portion.

Abstract: An optical film, containing a cellulose acylate, and at least one compound represented by any of formulas (I) to (III): wherein, in formulas (I) to (III), R1 and R2 each independently represent a halogen atom, an alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, hydroxy, hydroxyamino, amino, alkylamino, arylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkylthio, or arylthio group (however, R1 and R2 do not represent an amino, alkylamino, or arylamino group at the same time); R3 to R6 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, acyl, alkyl- or aryl-sulfonyl, alkyl- or aryl-sulfinyl, carbamoyl, sulfamoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or aryloxycarbonyl group; R7 represents an alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylamino, arylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy, or heterocyclic group; R8 represents an alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or heterocyclic group; and R1 to R8 each may be further substituted with a substituent; and a polarizing plate and a liquid crystal display.

Abstract: Provided are a planar lighting apparatus, a liquid crystal display apparatus, and a planar light source. The planar lighting apparatus includes a planar light source including light emitting elements, a first housing, a light emitting surface divided into light emitting regions, and a first temperature sensor disposed inside of the first housing. The planar lighting apparatus further includes a second housing covering the planar light source; a second temperature sensor disposed outside of the first housing and inside of the second housing; a light-source drive circuit including light-source drive section each driving and controlling the light emitting elements belonging to the corresponding light emitting region; a memory section; and a computing section calculating a driving condition of each light-source drive section and correcting the driving condition on the basis of measurement values of the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor, and setup information in the memory section.

Abstract: An illumination unit includes: a light modulation layer disposed in a gap between a first transparent substrate and a second transparent substrate, and exhibiting a scattering property or transparency with respect to light from a light source, depending on magnitude of an electric field; and an electrode generating an electric field in the light modulation layer, when a voltage is applied thereto, in which the light modulation layer generates a plurality of strip-like illumination light beams extending in a direction intersecting with a first end surface of the first or second transparent substrate with use of light from the light source, when an electric field for a three-dimensional display mode is applied from the electrode to the light modulation layer, and a light emission area per unit area of each of the strip-like illumination light beams varies with a distance from the light source.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes an optical stack that includes an asymmetric diffuser. As described herein, use of an asymmetric diffuser in an optical stack reduces undesirable defects in a display while maintaining optical gain and/or contrast of the display. The asymmetric diffuser is less diffusive along a first direction that is parallel with linearly extending structures of an associated light directing film.

Abstract: A backlight unit including a plurality of light sources configured to emit primary light, and a quantum dot composite. The quantum dot composite includes quantum dot phosphors excited by primary light supplied from the plurality of light sources so as to emit secondary light having a different wavelength than the primary light, and scattering particles that are configured to scatter the primary light. The scattering particles include first scattering particles, and second scattering particles different from the first scattering particles in size and composed of particles each having a diameter in the range of 5 to 50 nm.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal display panel and a backlight unit providing light to the liquid crystal display panel. The liquid crystal display panel includes a first substrate on which a thin film transistor is disposed, a second substrate facing the first substrate, a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, and a first polarizer disposed on the second substrate having a plurality of metal patterns spaced apart from each other by an interval. The backlight unit faces the second substrate.

Abstract: There is provided a liquid crystal display apparatus in which a retardation ?nd of a liquid crystal layer is greater than 2 ?m. Absorbing axes of the first polarizer and the second polarizer are in parallel to an alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules on surfaces of the first substrate or the second substrate. A slow axis of the optical film and the absorbing axes of the first polarizer and the second polarizer are in parallel to each other or orthogonal to each other. An in-plane retardation of the optical film is from 300 nm to 430 nm.

Abstract: The liquid crystal panel includes a liquid crystal cell, a first polarizer on one side of the liquid crystal cell, a second polarizer on the other side of the liquid crystal cell, a first optically anisotropic element disposed between the liquid crystal cell and the first polarizer, and a second optically anisotropic element disposed between the first optically anisotropic element and the liquid crystal cell. Absorption axes of the first and the second polarizers are perpendicular to each other. The first optically anisotropic element has a slow axis direction parallel to the absorption axis direction of the first polarizer. The second optically anisotropic element has a slow axis direction perpendicular to the absorption axis direction of the first polarizer. The first and the second optically anisotropic elements each have in-plane and thickness-direction retardation values within specific ranges, respectively.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a method for aligning liquid crystals of a PSVA liquid crystal display device, including the steps of: providing a first voltage to a gate of a thin film transistor for enabling it in a turn-on state; applying a second voltage to the source of the thin film transistor, and applying a third voltage to a color filter side common electrode and an array side common electrode, so as to generate an alternating current voltage difference between the source and the color filter side common electrode, and enable the liquid crystal molecules to be arranged according to predefined direction angles; curing the liquid crystal molecules. The method may enable the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules to be ideal, which is advantageous to the subsequent process of tilt angles, so as to enhance the efficiency and effect of the liquid crystal display.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate including an outer peripheral wiring which is formed along an outer periphery of an active area that displays an image, and which has a first reflective surface, a second substrate including a reflective layer which is formed by a plurality of segments that are mutually spaced apart, and which has a second reflective surface opposed to the first reflective surface, a sealant formed of a photosensitive resin material, which surrounds the active area, is formed along the outer peripheral wiring, and attaches the first substrate and the second substrate, and a liquid crystal layer held in a cell gap in an inside surrounded by the sealant.

Abstract: Provided is a display device, including: a display panel that includes a display layer on at least a first substrate; and a sealing resin layer that is provided on a peripheral edge of the display panel, wherein a surface of the sealing resin layer and a surface of the display panel include a same plane.

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquid crystal display (LCD) device. The LCD device includes a first substrate and a second substrate facing each other, a liquid crystal layer between the first substrate and the second substrate, an alignment layer on at least one of the first and second substrates for alignment of liquid crystals in the liquid crystal layer, and a sealant in an edge area of each of the first and second substrates to bond the first substrate to the second substrate, the sealant including a diene compound.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for producing spacers in a liquid crystal panel, comprising: (a) exposing a material layer adjacent to a side of a thin film transistor substrate of said liquid crystal panel by a mask with a pre-set pattern, in order to form a groove in said material layer, wherein the exposure energy of said exposure ranges from 10 to 100 mJ/cm2; (b) forming a main spacer and a side spacer in an opposite substrate, wherein the height of the side spacer is higher than that of the main spacer; and (c) assembling a TFT substrate and the opposite substrate together, such that the main spacer of the opposite substrate abuts against the TFT substrate, and the side spacer extends into said groove. The present disclosure also provides a liquid crystal panel obtained by said method.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments relate to a display device, an optical mask, and a method for manufacturing a display device using the same. The display device including: a first substrate and a second substrate facing the first substrate; a thin film transistor disposed on the first substrate; a first insulating layer disposed on the thin film transistor; and a light blocking member disposed on the first insulating layer. The light blocking member includes a spacer for maintaining a cell gap between the first substrate and the second substrate and a main light blocking portion having an upper surface that is lower than an upper surface of the spacer, and the light blocking member further includes a furrow at a border between the spacer and the main light blocking portion, the furrow having a surface lower than the upper surface of the main light blocking portion.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an apparatus for manufacturing a display device, includes: a first holding section configured to hold a first substrate; a second holding section configured to hold a second substrate; a turning section configured to turn the first holding section such that the first substrate and the second substrate face each other; an elevation unit configured to elevate the second holding section and attach the first substrate and the second substrate via an adhesive layer; and a first radiation section configured to radiate ultraviolet rays from at least one direction of an inclined lower side of an opening of a space between the first substrate and the second substrate and an inclined upper side of the opening toward the opening.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus includes a plurality of pixels having first and second subpixels, a plurality of gate lines connected to the first and second subpixels to transmit gate signals, a plurality of first data lines intersecting the gate lines and connected to the first subpixels to transmit first data voltages, and a plurality of second data lines intersecting the gate lines and connected to the second subpixels to transmit second data voltages. The first and second data voltages have different sizes and are obtained from single image information. Each pixel is divided into a pair of subpixels, and different data voltages are applied to the subpixels through two different data lines, so that it is possible to secure a wide viewing angle and improve side visibility.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid crystal display device and an array substrate of the same. The multiple pixel electrodes located at a same column allow lights having a same color to pass through. Each data line passes around at least one column of the multiple pixel electrodes row by row, and when each data line passes around two adjacent rows of the multiple pixel electrodes, opening directions are opposite. Pixel electrodes located at odd rows are connected with a same data line, pixel electrodes located at even rows are connected with a same data line, and pixel electrodes located at odd rows and even rows are respectively connected with different data lines. The present invention can reduce a bias generated at an edge of the color resist in order to improve a light leakage phenomenon when displaying.

Abstract: A disclosed liquid crystal display includes an upper plate and a lower plate with a liquid crystal layer interposed therebetween. The display also includes a spacer positioned between the upper plate and the lower plate. The lower plate includes a lower electrode, an insulating layer over the lower electrode, an upper electrode over the insulating layer, and an alignment layer connected to the lower electrode and the upper electrode. The alignment layer is connected to the lower electrode through a hole passing through the insulating layer.

Abstract: A display device may include a transistor, which includes a first transistor electrode and a second transistor electrode. The display device may further include a pixel electrode, which is electrically connected to the second transistor electrode. The display device may further include a data line, which is electrically connected to the first transistor electrode, wherein the data line includes a bent structure. The display device may further include a light blocking member, which includes a light blocking portion, wherein the light blocking portion extends perpendicular to a section of the data line, and wherein the light blocking portion overlaps both the transistor and the bent structure without overlapping the section of the data line in a direction perpendicular to the light blocking member.

Abstract: Methods and devices to compensate for image color variance due to display temperatures are provided. In one example, a display of an electronic device may include a first pixel section that has multiple pixels. The pixels may include a red subpixel, green subpixel, and blue subpixel that each has a respective aperture ratio. The display may also include a second pixel section that has multiple pixels. Again, the pixels may include a red subpixel, green subpixel, and blue subpixel that each has a respective aperture ratio. One or more of the subpixel aperture ratios of the first pixel section may be greater than a respective one or more of the subpixel aperture ratios of the second section to overcome image color variance that may exist due to temperature variations of the display.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes: a first subpixel electrode disposed on a first substrate; an insulating layer disposed on the first subpixel electrode; a second subpixel electrode disposed on the insulating layer; and a common electrode disposed on a second substrate, the second substrate facing the first substrate. The first subpixel electrode is overlapped with a portion of the second subpixel electrode, and the first subpixel electrode and the second subpixel electrode are configured to receive substantially the same electric potential.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display, including: preparing a substrate on which a switching element, laminating a conductive material layer and a conductive metal layer, forming a first photosensitive film pattern on the conductive metal layer, the first photosensitive film pattern comprising a first region having a first thickness and a second region having a second thickness greater than the first thickness, forming a conductive metal pattern by etching the conductive metal layer using the first photosensitive film pattern as a mask, forming a second photosensitive film pattern that exposes a part of the conductive metal pattern by removing the first region of the first photosensitive film pattern, forming a common electrode by etching the conductive material layer by using the conductive metal pattern as a mask and forming an auxiliary electrode by etching the exposed conductive metal pattern using the second photosensitive film pattern as a mask.

Abstract: An array substrate is disclosed, and has a substrate. A first metal layer, a first insulation layer, a second metal layer, a second insulation layer, and a pixel electrode layer are disposed on the substrate successively. A plurality of first through holes and a plurality of second through holes are disposed on the position of a link line, so as to expose the first metal line and the second metal line. The first metal line is electrically connected to the second metal line through a conductive line of the pixel electrode layer. Thus, the problem of vertical and parallel light lines of a drain discharge module can be efficiently improved.

Abstract: A multiple circuit board includes a board having a plurality of product regions respectively corresponding to a plurality of array boards and an out-of-product region, out-of-product wires provided in the out-of-product region, waveform wires electrically connected to the out-of-product wires and extending to depict waveforms to alternately pass inside and outside of the respective product regions, circuit elements provided in respective display regions of the plurality of product regions, scanning circuits provided adjacent to the respective display regions of the plurality of product regions, and a plurality of scanning lines extending from the scanning circuits to both sides in each of the product regions and connecting to the circuit elements at one side and connecting to the waveform wires inside the product region at the other side.

Abstract: Provided are a liquid crystal display and a method of fabricating the liquid crystal display. The liquid crystal display comprises: a substrate; a signal electrode on the substrate; a first light-blocking pattern on the signal electrode and having a trench extending to and exposing at least part of the signal electrode; and a second light-blocking pattern on the trench of the first light-blocking pattern and covering the signal electrode, wherein the second light-blocking pattern comprises at least one metal layer.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a display device includes an insulating substrate, a thin-film transistor including a semiconductor layer formed on a layer above the insulating substrate, a gate electrode which at least partly overlaps the semiconductor layer, and a first electrode and a second electrode which are electrically connected to the semiconductor layer, and a light shielding layer formed between the thin-film transistor and the insulating substrate to at least partly overlap the semiconductor layer, the light shielding layer electrically connected to the gate electrode.

Abstract: An LCD panel applied to a curved screen includes display sections, each of which includes pixel units. Each pixel unit includes a primary sub-pixel, a secondary sub-pixel, a common electrode, and a sharing capacitance sheet. An area of the sharing capacitance of each display section is adjusted using a sharing capacitance sheet. So a ratio of the charging voltage on the secondary sub-pixel to the charging voltage on the primary sub-pixel in the central display section is between the ratio of the charging voltage on the secondary sub-pixel to the charging voltage on the primary sub-pixel in the first display section and the ratio of the charging voltage on the secondary sub-pixel to the charging voltage on the primary sub-pixel in the second display section. Therefore, the brightness of the curved screen on display is improved. The quality of the curved screen on image display is improved as well.

Abstract: A display substrate includes a gate metal pattern comprising a gate line extending in a first direction and a gate electrode electrically connected to the gate line, a data metal pattern comprising a data line extending in a second direction crossing the first direction, a source electrode electrically connected to the data line and a drain electrode spaced apart from the source electrode, an organic layer disposed on the data metal pattern, a repair hole penetrating the organic layer and exposing a crossing area in which the gate line crosses with the data line and a pixel electrode disposed on the organic layer and electrically connected to the drain electrode.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes an array substrate and a color filter substrate, a plurality of gate lines and a plurality of data lines formed on the array substrate such that the gate lines and the data lines intersect each other to define a plurality of pixel regions, a plurality of thin film transistors formed at respective intersections of the gate lines and the data lines, a liquid crystal layer interposed between the array and color filter substrates, and a plurality of repair patterns formed on the first substrate. Each of the plurality of the repair patterns crosses a corresponding one of the data lines, and is along and adjacent to a corresponding one of the gate lines, such that the repair pattern includes protruding ends that protrude from the corresponding data line to repair a defect on the pixel regions.

Abstract: An LCD device includes a first substrate including a display region having pixel regions and a non-display region disposed outside the display region; gate lines and data lines on the first substrate and cross each other to define the pixel regions; a TFT in each of the pixel regions; a pixel electrode in each pixel region and connected to the TFT; a second substrate disposed opposite the first substrate; a color filter layer on the second substrate; a common electrode; a liquid crystal layer between the first and second substrates; and an FPC connected to the non-display region on one side of the first substrate, the FPC being bent toward an outer side surface of the second substrate, wherein each of the gate lines has a double structure including a first layer of a transparent conductive material and a second layer of Cu or Cu alloy.

Abstract: A window assembly comprises a plurality of dynamic electrochromic zones formed on a single transparent substrate in which at least two electrochromic zones are independently controllable. In one exemplary embodiment, the window assembly comprises an Insulated Glass Unit (IGU), and at least one transparent substrate comprises a lite. In another exemplary embodiment, the IGU comprises at least two lites in which at least one lite comprises a plurality of independently controllable dynamic zones.

Abstract: A variety of methods for integrating an organic photovoltaic-based SolarWindow™ module and electrochromic materials to create dynamic, variable transmittance, energy-saving windows and/or window films are described. Stand-alone or building integrated, independent or user-controllable, battery supported or building integrated, and insulated glass unit or aftermarket film implementations are all described, providing for a diversity of applications. Low-cost fabrication options also allow for economical production.

Abstract: An optical modulator is disclosed, in which a MMI couplers are used for input signal splitting for branching into individual Mach-Zehnder interferometers, as well as for branching and combining from individual Mach-Zehnder waveguides. MMI couplers, splitters, and combiners may be cascaded and combined with single-mode Y-splitters and combiners to provide modulators of various types, including dual polarization, quadrature phase Mach-Zehnder interferometer base optical modulators.

Abstract: An all-optical information exchange device and method are provided. The all-optical information exchange device includes: a second-order nonlinear optical waveguide, a first optical coupler, a third optical coupler, a fourth optical coupler, a first optical filter, a second optical filter and a first polarization controller; the first optical filter is transmissive to a first wavelength/waveband signal light, and the second optical filter is transmissive to a second wavelength/waveband signal light during use.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a photomixer and method of manufacturing the photomixer which can fundamentally solve the existing restrictive factors of a PCA and a photomixer which are core parts of a conventional broadband terahertz spectroscopy system. The presented photomixer includes an active layer formed on a top surface of a substrate, the active layer being formed on an area on which light is incident, and a thermal conductive layer formed on the top surface of the substrate, the thermal conductive layer being formed on an area other than the area on which light is incident. The active layer is formed to have a mesa cross section, and the thermal conductive layer is regrown on an area other than the area on which light is incident using an MOCVD method, and has a flattened surface.

Abstract: Systems and methods may provide for an integrated miniature sensor that operates in the Terahertz region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The integrated miniature sensor may detect a remote target and operate in a non-contact, non-invasive manner. Numerous signal analysis techniques may be employed such as Doppler radar technology, absorption spectroscopy, and others when the integrated miniature sensor is used in biomedical, physiological and other settings where prolonged recording of bio-signals is needed.

Abstract: A projector includes an electricity reception terminal to which electric power is supplied via an electricity feed terminal, a projection section that includes a light source, a spatial light modulator, an irradiation system, and a projection system and projects light, and a control section that switches a content to another whenever electric power supply to the electricity reception terminal is initiated and causes the projection section to project light carrying an image related to the content selected in the switching operation.

Abstract: An automatic focus adjustment method for transmitting, from a camera main body side to a lens side, a driving amount of a focus operation member configured to drive a lens, the automatic focus adjustment method includes, when a driving amount according to defocus of an object is transmitted, transmitting a driving permissible time of the focus operation member according to a control method of automatic focus adjustment as well. On the camera main body side, the driving permissible time is acquired according to the set control method of the automatic focus adjustment. On the lens side, drive control of the focus operation member is switched so that a driving time of the focus operation member satisfies the driving permissible time.

Abstract: Illumination devices may be provided with one or more light sources that emit light of the same, similar, and/or different optical spectra within a wavelength range, for example, from the extreme ultraviolet (UV) to the far infrared (IR). One or more of the light sources may be selectively adjusted to control the overall mix of light projected onto a scene of interest. For example, one or more light sources may be used, and sometimes in conjunction with other optical elements, to provide illumination having a particular angular intensity distribution, color temperature, and/or other desired optical properties for a scene within a field of view (FOV) of the camera of a mobile device used for videography and/or photography. One or more illumination devices may also be used as flashlights and/or as sources of electrical power for recharging mobile devices. Related methods are provided.

Abstract: A camera for use on vehicles, in particular commercial vehicles. The camera has a housing, at least one optical element disposed within the housing, a group of circuit boards disposed within the housing and including at least one circuit board. The group of circuit boards has at least one active circuit for executing a direct camera function. The camera further comprises at least one heating element adapted for heating the group of circuit boards, the optical elements, and/or the housing, wherein the at least one heating element is directly attached to one of the circuit boards of the group of circuit boards.

Abstract: A method and device for holding an electronic device, such as a suitably-equipped cellular phone, having a video recording feature, or simply a camera, at a desired elevation for filming or photographing. The device includes a frame for holding the electronic device and a vertical support serving as a monopod, such as a golf alignment stick. The frame may be a two-part adjustable frame comprising two interlocking, opposing, L-shaped elements.

Abstract: A photography workstation comprises a base and a working platform defining an inner region and an outer region having a plurality of accessory mounting stations constructed to removably secure a variety of image capturing accessories, the workstation further including an object positioner to removably secure an object to be photographically captured wherein at least one image capturing accessory may be removably secured to a mounting station and used to cooperate with an image capturing device to capture one or more images or videos of the object when the object is removably secured to the object positioner.

Abstract: An image projector includes a first deflector configured to deflect a first optical path and to form a second optical path, a second deflector configured to deflect the second optical path and to form a third optical path, a shifter configured to shift a projection lens in a vertical direction which corresponds to a longitudinal direction of the projected surface among directions orthogonal to an optical axis of the projection lens, a housing configured to house the first deflector and the second deflector, and a fixed plate fixed onto the housing at an end on an installing surface side of the housing, the projection lens and the shifter being fixed onto the fixed plate, wherein the third optical path is closer to an installing surface of the housing than the first optical path.

Abstract: A projector suspension device for a projector comprises a base to be fixed to a surface on which the projector projects an image, a support member extending from the base and configured to support the projector, and an adjustment mechanism configured to adjust a tilt of the projector.

Abstract: An image projection apparatus including a light source, a projection unit to project light from the light source, a dust-proof member to protect the projection unit from outside dust and through which light from the light source passes, a light detector provided at an end surface of the dust-proof member to detect reflected light of light projected from the projection unit, the reflected light being internally reflected light trapped within the dust-proof member, and a controller that executes a protective action when the amount of internally reflected light detected by the light detector meets or exceeds a predetermined threshold value.

Abstract: A polarization conversion element includes first light transmissive substrates and second light transmissive substrates each of which has a light incident surface and a light exiting surface and which are disposed alternately, polarization separation films, reflection films, and retardation plates. One of each of the polarization separation films and a plasma polymerization film is formed on a first surface of each of the first light transmissive substrate. Each of the reflection films is formed on a second surface of each of the first light transmissive substrate. An adhesive layer is formed on a first surface of each of the second light transmissive substrates. The other of each of the polarization separation films and the plasma polymerization films is formed on a second surface of each of the corresponding second light transmissive substrates.