Abstract: A common optical components exposer lens set having a single non-spherical surface, comprising a common optical element set, comprising a first, second, and third lens arranged sequentially; a spherical reflecting mirror, arranged below the third spherical lens; and a planar reflecting lens, comprising a first and second planar reflecting, inclinedly arranged above the first lens, so that an equi-multiplication exposer lens set is formed by the spherical mirror set, so as to impinge a pattern on an object onto a photosensitive surface. As such, a single non-spherical surface and overlapping assembly, composed of three lenses having the single non-spherical surface and a spherical reflecting lens and two planar reflecting lenses overlapping together, in which two optical material types are arranged with respect to each other.

Abstract: A microscope (10) includes an objective system (30) and a zoom system (32). The microscope (10) furthermore has a manually rotatable rotary wheel (108) for adjusting the magnification of the zoom system (32), the rotary wheel (108) being rotatable within a predetermined maximum rotation range. The rotary wheel (108) includes a first engagement element (162, 164). In addition, at least one second engagement element (130 to 136) is movably mounted on a housing (100) of the microscope (10). This second engagement element (130 to 136) is movable between a deactivated and an activated position, being in engagement with the first engagement element (162, 164) in an activated position. The position of the second engagement element (130 to 136) is determined by the respective objective (44, 52) currently received in the beam path.

Abstract: A method for correcting the thermoelastic effects on performance parameters of a telescope on board a space satellite, comprises a first step prior to the flight of the satellite consisting in determining, a priori, a correction of the thermoelastic effects by using a prior model of variations of the thermoelastic effects on the orbital scale and an algorithm for determining correction fed by programming data of the space satellite, and a second step carried out in flight, based on the correction determined a priori, consisting in establishing control messages of correction means for correcting the performance parameters of said telescope.

Abstract: An illuminator for an imaging system using a spatial light modulator has first color laser light directed by a dichroic element to a first annular band on a rotatable member. The first band includes phosphor segments that respond to illumination by the first color light to emit second and third color light along a first path back to the dichroic element for output, and a light transmitting or reflecting segment that transmits or reflects the first color along the same or a second path back to the dichroic element for output. The output light is directed to a second annular band on the same or a different rotatable member. The second band includes filter segments corresponded to respectively selectively filter output light generated by the first band segments.

Abstract: An illumination device includes: an excitation light source that emits excitation light having a first wavelength; a fluorescent substance that, when irradiated with the excitation light, emits light having a second wavelength longer than the first wavelength and transmits a part of the excitation light, and thereby multiplexes and emits the transmitted excitation light having the first wavelength and the emitted excitation light having the second wavelength; and a driving unit that moves an irradiation position of the excitation light in the fluorescent substance with the passage of time.

Abstract: An actuator comprises an electroactive polymer layer (402) and stretchable electrode structures (410, 411) that are disposed on each side of the electroactive polymer layer (402). A softer passive layer (401) is secured to one of the stretchable electrode structures (410, 411). When compressed transversally by the stretchable electrode structures (410, 411), the electroactive polymer layer (402) will expand tangentially and the actuator will relax into a shape wherein the interior of the electroded region is substantially parallel to the plane of the device, while a substantial portion of the area increase is absorbed by out-of-plane bends arising at the electrode boundary (duck mode). The invention can be embodied as optically reflective or refractive devices with variable geometry.

Abstract: A micromirror for a micromirror device includes: a mirror side; and a back side which is directed away from the mirror side, at least one central area of the back side having at least one surface which is plane parallel to the mirror side, the back side being shaped in such a way that on two opposite sides of the central area, a side area having at least one side surface of the back side in each case, which is curved and/or oriented inclined toward the mirror side borders on the central area of the back side, and a height of the micromirror continuously decreasing starting from the central area along a cross section of the micromirror, which runs through the central area and the two side areas.

Abstract: An optical scanning apparatus for efficiently performing scanning with light by efficiently increasing amplitude of an emission end of an optical fiber is provided. The optical scanning apparatus includes an optical fiber that guides illumination light emitted from a light source so that the illumination light is emitted from the emission end, a magnetic body fixed to the optical fiber, and a magnetic field generating unit changing a magnetic field to act on the magnetic body to displace a position of the emission end in a radial direction by magnetic force, and the magnetic field generating unit includes a plurality of coils for individually generating magnetic fields acting on the magnetic body at positions separate from each other in a longitudinal direction of the optical fiber, and the magnetic fields acting on the magnetic body can be individually adjusted at the positions.

Abstract: Rotatable mirror assemblies and light detection and ranging systems containing rotatable mirror assemblies are described herein. An example rotatable mirror assembly may include (1) a housing having a top end, a bottom end, and a longitudinal axis intersecting the top and bottom ends, and (2) a set of reflective surfaces, where each reflective surface in the set is coupled to the top end of the housing and the bottom end of the housing such that each reflective surface possesses limited freedom of movement with respect to the housing.

Abstract: An adaptive optical imaging system for imaging an object including a first polarization sensitive spatial light phase modulator and a second polarization sensitive spatial light phase modulator and a polarization adjustment device that converts the polarization of light that has passed through the first modulator before it irradiates the object and converts the polarization of the reflected light before it passes through the second modulator.

Abstract: A partially transmissive reflective film is provided on a second transparent substrate, and a reflector is provided on a first transparent substrate. The partially transmissive reflective film and the reflector are held parallel to each other with a predetermined spacing therebetween. Thereby, light is incident from a protrusion portion on which the reflector of the first transparent substrate is formed, the light is reflected by the partially transmissive reflective film and the reflector, and the incident light is guided by an air layer between the partially transmissive reflective film and the reflector. A refractive index of the air layer is lower than that of the second transparent substrate. A part of the guided light is extracted from the partially transmissive reflective film, and is emitted from the second transparent substrate on a side opposite to a surface on which the partially transmissive reflective film is provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a display arrangement (1) for a motor vehicle, for displaying information for an occupant (12) of the motor vehicle. To be able to display the information as cost-effectively as possible in two display areas (4, 5) of the motor vehicle, the invention provides that the display arrangement (1) has an image splitter (9) for separating at least two juxtaposed image sections (B1, B2) of the image.

Abstract: A wide field of view night vision system includes a head attachment apparatus configured to attach to a user's head and a night vision subsystem. The night vision subsystem includes one or more digital night vision image sensors attached to the head attachment apparatus. Each sensor receives input light and produces a digital image of the input light. A processor processes the digital image(s) to produce a wide-field image. The wide-field image spans at least 60 degrees of a user's horizontal field of view. A display and eyepiece attached to the head attachment apparatus receives and displays the wide-field image. The eyepiece is positionable between the display and the user's eye to image the wide-field image into the user's eye.

Abstract: A compact, lightweight, self-powered head mounted display device for viewing a media file including omnidirectional image data and corresponding audio data. The device includes a housing configured to be worn on a user's head, a processor, and at least one display for displaying the image data from a processor. The device also includes at least one speaker for playing the audio data to the user. The device also includes a system memory for storing media files for display on the device. The device detects the orientation/position of the user's head and updates the displayed image and played sound accordingly. The device may also create omnidirectional media files for playback or for use on other devices. The device may send and receive media files utilizing a wired connection, a wireless connection, or both. The device may optionally fold up for compact storage.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of displaying a magnified image comprising obtaining an image of a scene using a camera with greater resolution than the display, and capturing the image in the native resolution of the display by either grouping pixels together, or by capturing a smaller region of interest whose pixel resolution matches that of the display. The invention also relates to a method whereby the location of the captured region of interest may be determined by external inputs such as the location of a person's gaze in the displayed unmagnified image, or coordinates from a computer mouse. The invention further relates to a method whereby a modified image can be superimposed on an unmodified image, in order to maintain the peripheral information or context from which the modified region of interest has been captured.

Abstract: Technologies for mitigating a physiological condition include a wearable computing device coupled with a head-mounted display and sensor(s). The wearable computing device may receive sensor data indicative of a physical attribute of the user while displaying information on the head-mounted display. The wearable computing device analyzes the sensor data to detect a physiological condition of the user and, if detected, applies a mitigation strategy to mitigate the physiological condition. The detected physical condition may be a nausea condition or a seizure condition. To reduce potential risk to the user, the wearable computing device may buffer information to be displayed by the head-mounted display, analyze the display information based on risk factor rules to determine whether the display information presents a potential risk to the user, and reduce the display rate of the head-mounted display in response to the potential risk to the user. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Abstract: A head-mounted or helmet-mounted display apparatus is provided. The apparatus includes an optical element which in use is disposed in front of the eyes of a user. The optical element comprises a waveguide portion. The apparatus further includes a first light source and a second light source of image-bearing light. The apparatus further includes first diffraction element for propagation of image-bearing light of the first light source through the optical element. The apparatus further includes a second diffraction element for propagation of image-bearing light of the second light source through the optical element. The first light source and the second light source is disposed such that relative angular movement of the first light source and the second light source about an axis of symmetry of the optical element adjusts the inter-pupillary spacing of a first visible image and a second visible image presented to a respective eye of a user.

Abstract: A head-mounted or helmet-mounted display apparatus is provided. The apparatus includes an optical element which in use is disposed in front of the eyes of a user. The optical element has a waveguide portion. The apparatus further includes a light source of image-bearing light and two diffraction elements. Each diffraction element is configured for propagation of image-bearing light of the light source through the optical element. Each diffraction element is arranged to release the image bearing light from the optical element. The apparatus further includes a switching element for switching the image-bearing light repeatedly between the first diffraction element and the second diffraction element to provide a first visible image or a second visible image to the respective eye of a user.

Abstract: Video sources and inertial sensors are attached to a weapon and to goggles. A computer receives video images from the weapon- and goggles-mounted sources and inertial data from the sensors. The computer calculates a location for an image from the weapon-mounted source within an image from the goggles-mounted source using the inertial sensor data. The sensor-based location is checked (and possibly adjusted) based on a comparison of the images. A database contains information about real-world objects in a field of view of the goggles-mounted source, and is used to generate icons or other graphics concerning such objects.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a display device includes a position controller, a projection unit, and a reflector. The projection unit emits light including image information. The projection unit is held by a holder. The position controller is interposed between the holder and the projection unit. The reflector reflects at least a portion of the light emitted from the projection unit. The reflector is held by the holder. A position of the reflector with respect to the holder is fixed. A relative arrangement of the projection unit and the reflector is changeable by the position controller.

Abstract: An optical system for forming a final image of a non-circular light source on a workpiece with a desired non-circular cross-section and desired size B includes a plurality of spaced lenses. The plurality of lenses are arranged with spaced upstream and downstream lenses which are configured to transmit the beam emitted by the light source. The optical system is configured with an F-theta lens spaced downstream from the downstream lens and converging the beam incident thereon so that the beam has a final waist. The F-theta and downstream lenses are spaced apart so that F ? ? 4 Fth = A B , wherein F4 a positive focal length of the downstream lens, Fth is the negative focus of the F-theta lens, B is the desired size of the final image, and A is a size of a preliminary noncircular image of the source different from the desired size B.

Abstract: A projector has plural liquid crystal light valves each of which modulates color light, a cross dichroic prism which combines the color lights modulated by the plural liquid crystal light valves, and a projection lens which projects the light combined by the cross dichroic prism. The projector includes: a holding unit which holds the liquid crystal light valve; and a supporting member having a body unit supported to the cross dichroic prism and first plate-like portions which protrude from the body unit and support the holding unit. The first plate-like portions are inclined from a vertical plane including an optical axis of the liquid crystal light valve.

Abstract: A molded dichroic mirror and method of manufacture thereof. The dichroic minor may be molded from polysiloxane or lithia potash borosilicate and may be coated to reflect an infrared signal and configured to transmit a radio frequency signal between 33 GHz and 37 GHz.

Abstract: Using a stereoscopic image display device 10 formed by arranging plural cubic corner bodies 12 in a plane state such that shaft centers thereof are parallel to each other, each of the bodies 12 having three reflective planes 17-19 perpendicular to each other and a reflected light outlet 11 a provided at a corner of the planes 17-19, and placing a half mirror 14 on a light entrance plane of the bodies 12, an image is formed by letting a light from an object 26 in the light entrance plane of the bodies 12 and recursively reflecting the light off the bodies 12; and reflecting the recursively reflected light off the half mirror 14 and letting the light out from the reflected light outlet 11a to outside. Accordingly, a stereoscopic image, i.e., a real image of the object can be observed when the device 10 is viewed from a front side.

Abstract: A stereoscopic image display device comprises a frame rate conversion unit that divides 3D input data into left eye image data and right eye image data, inserts reset frame data containing black grayscale data between the left eye image data and the right eye image data, and generates the (n+1)-th frame data to the (n+4)-th frame data containing the left eye image data, the black grayscale data, the right eye image data, respectively, and the black grayscale data, a look-up table that stores local dimming values used to control brightness for the overall local dimming zones to the minimum during the (n+2)-th and (n+4)-th frame periods, and local dimming values used to control brightness for each local dimming zone to target brightness during the (n+1)-th and (n+3)-th frame periods, and a backlight controller that controls light source brightness of the backlight unit for each local dimming zone.

Abstract: A display image is superimposed and displayed on an outside image in a preferred manner. An optical system superimposes a display image displayed on a display device onto an outside image, and leads the display image to an eye of an observer. A display control unit controls the display size and the display position of the display image on the display device so that the display image is displayed in an image superimposition region (a flat region) detected from the outside image. For example, the display control unit controls the display state of the display image in accordance with the state of the image superimposition region in the outside image. Also, the display control unit performs control to selectively display the display image in a line-of-sight region or outside the line-of-sight region in accordance with the line of sight of the observer.

Abstract: A collapsible ‘quasi 3D’ stereoscopic display device and method of construction for quick automatic deployment for use with a mobile smart device at any time and place and folding for storage within a mobile communication device (phone, tablet, portable computer) thin cover carrying case or other thin storage device.

Abstract: A vision system for obtaining an image of a patterned retarder comprising first and second patterns having different optical axes is provided. The vision system comprises a camera, a ½ wavelength plate arranged in front of a lens of the camera, a rotatable ¼ wavelength plate arranged in front of the ½ wavelength plate.

Abstract: A three dimensional display apparatus comprising: a backlight to emit light from switchable apertures, the light being polarized; at least one light modulation panel with pixels that can be set to change the polarization of light; a polarizer that transmits light within a limited range of polarizations; where each light modulation panel can change the polarization such that the light passing through the polarizer can both increase and decrease irrespective of the polarization of light before passing the panel; and where the switching of the apertures are synchronized with the switching of the pixels on the at least one light modulation panel.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a liquid crystal optical device includes first and second substrate units and a liquid crystal layer. The first substrate unit includes a first substrate having a first surface and a first side extending in a first side direction, and first electrodes provided on the first surface. The second substrate unit includes a second substrate having a second surface, and second electrodes provided on the second surface. The liquid crystal layer includes liquid crystal molecules provided between the first and second substrate units. A first angle in a first rotation direction from the first side direction to the first direction is less than 90 degrees and more than 0 degrees. A second angle in the first rotation direction is different from the first angle. A third angle in the first rotation direction is different from the first and second angles.

Abstract: A 3D observation device with glassless mode, where an observation hole in which two polarization plates having different polarization directions are arranged left/rightward and a monitor on which an image for a left eye and an image for a right eye are connected to form a 3D image box. The vertical rotation axis are provided on both left and right surfaces of the 3D image box and the vertical rotation bars that are linked with the rotation axis, and a support bar is provided on a lower part of the vertical rotation bar. Further, a viewer can view separately with glassless mode an image for a left eye through a left polarization plate of the observation hole and an image for a right eye through a right polarization plate of the observation hole in which the image for a left eye and the image for a right eye are overlapped.

Abstract: Liquid crystal devices are described that maintain performance of polarization/amplitude modulation under high irradiance conditions. Configurations that isolate polarizing elements under high thermal load are discussed which allow other elements, such as glass, which may be sensitive to stress birefringence to remain near optimum thermal conditions.

Abstract: An optical device which is disposed between a light source section of a display apparatus and a projection target member, includes a first luminous flux diameter enlargement element in which a first light-transmissive layer and a first partially reflective layer are alternately laminated in a first direction, and a second luminous flux diameter enlargement element in which a second light-transmissive layer and a second partially reflective layer are alternately laminated in a second direction intersecting the first direction. The first partially reflective layer and the second partially reflective layer are formed from dielectric multilayered films that have the same film configuration. In addition, the optical device includes a retardation element that is formed from a ½? retardation plate between a first emission surface of the first luminous flux diameter enlargement element and a second incidence surface of the second luminous flux diameter enlargement element.

Abstract: A projector includes an illumination device adapted to emit a plurality of light beams, which includes a first light beam and a second light beam, as illumination light, a liquid crystal light valve, and a projection optical system adapted to project image light, which is emitted from the liquid crystal light valve, on a screen. The image light is formed of a plurality of diffracted light beams and a plurality of zero-order light beams, which are generated by the illumination light and the liquid crystal light valve. In the exit pupil, an illuminance peak due to the zero-order light beam corresponding to the first light beam is disposed at a position different from a position of an illuminance peak due to the diffracted light beam corresponding to the second light beam.

Abstract: A lens driving device is proposed, including a cover can whose upper side surface includes an opening formed to expose a lens and whose side surface extends from the upper side surface to a base, a base that is secured to the cover can; a housing that is arranged on top of the base and moves in first and second directions that are perpendicular to an optical axis, a bobbin that is housed in the housing and moves in an optical axis direction, an actuator that includes a magnet unit arranged in the housing, a first coil unit arranged in an outer side surface of the bobbin, and a second coil unit that is arranged on top of the base, and a substrate that is disposed between the second coil unit and the base so as to control the first coil unit and the second coil unit.

Abstract: A long-range optical device has at least one optical channel, which has a housing and an arrangement of optical elements, wherein at least one of the optical elements is movable relative to the housing for image stabilization in the event of perturbing movements of the housing. The device further has a first passive stabilization system based on mass inertia for the at least one movable optical element, which, in the event of displacement of the at least one optical element relative to the housing, generates a first restoring force proportional to the displacement and a second restoring force proportional to the displacement velocity. The first stabilization system is designed for image stabilization in the event of perturbing movements in a first frequency range.

Abstract: There is provided a camera module including a plurality of ball bearings to support the driving of a lens barrel at the time of compensating for unintended camera movement due to disturbance such as hand shake. The lens barrel may be driven in first and second directions, independently, by one driving force exerted in the first direction perpendicular to an optical axis and by another driving force exerted in the second direction perpendicular to both the optical axis and the first direction, thereby preventing driving displacement from being generated at the time of compensating for unwanted motion such as hand shake while securing reliability against external impact, and having reduced power consumption at the time of compensating for the disturbance.

Abstract: A method for determining a progressive ophthalmic lens, comprising determining first, second and third intermediate values of regression as the strongest regression that can be applied on the front surface of the lens while keeping a mean sphere value in at least a portion of the lower part of the rear surface of the lens less or equal to, respectively, first, second and third predetermined values; and determining a value of regression (d) for the front surface as the maximum value among the first, second and third intermediate values of regression.

Abstract: A spectacle lens design system, including: an eyeball rotation center determination means that identifies an corneal apex position of an eye of a subject based on an image photographed by a predetermined photographing apparatus and determines an eyeball rotation center position of the subject based on the identified corneal apex position; a visual line information calculation means that calculates visual line information of the subjected defined when the subject watches a visual target disposed at a predetermined position, based on the eyeball rotation center position determined by the eyeball rotation center determination means and the position of the visual target; and a shape design means that designs a shape of a spectacle lens based on predetermined prescription information and the visual line information calculated by the visual line information calculation means.

Abstract: Described herein is a contact lens which can actively generate oxygen that is directly supplied to the cornea when it is worn by a patient. The contact lens comprises: a lens body composed of a hydrogel material or preferably a silicone hydrogel material; at least one anode for electrolytically generating oxygen from water in contact with the anode; and at least one cathode operatively coupled with the anode to form an electrolytic cell. The anode and the cathode are embedded within the lens body and operatively connected to a power source and to a control element which automatically applies a potential voltage between the anode and the cathode, drives an electrical current through the anode and the cathode to generate oxygen from electrolysis of water, and controls the timing and duration of electrolysis of water in the eye.

Abstract: Various embodiments disclose a quasi progressive lens including a first optical zone capable of providing distance vision, a second optical zone capable of providing near vision and a transition zone connecting the first and second optical zones. Physical dimensions (e.g., length and width) of the transition zone are adjusted to increase the size of the second optical zone in comparison to progressive lenses and to reduce residual cylinder power and aberrations along the convergence path in comparison to bifocal lenses.

Abstract: Ski goggles of the type including a frame of flexible material for supporting an optical system including two mutually facing lenses connected together by a seal gasket which with said lenses forms an air chamber, the gasket being provided with at least one hole which connects the air chamber to the outside and houses a material which is permeable to air but not to water, wherein the gasket forms a cylindrical seat which is filled with said material and communicates with the outside via at least a channel.

Abstract: Provided is an optical modulator including an optical waveguide and an optical modulation part integrated on the optical waveguide that is clad in oxide silicon and has silicon as core by using a bulk silicon wafer in place of an silicon-on-insulator (SOI) used for a typical optical waveguide and optical modulator and using complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) and thermal oxide film formation processes, and a fabrication method thereof.

Abstract: An all-fiber isolator as an optical isolator comprises: an optical fiber acting as an optical light guide for propagating incident light; and a Faraday rotator for rotating by 45° a plane of polarization polarized by the polarizer. The all-fiber isolator exhibits a magneto-optic effect enough to be used as an optical isolator at a visible light wavelength by including quantum dots in a core layer and/or an internal cladding layer of the optical fiber.

Abstract: A vacuum cell-assembly device, for cell-assembly of an upper substrate and a lower substrate of a display panel, includes an upper machine table, a lower machine table, a control circuit and a dynamic sensing and regulating structure. The dynamic sensing and regulating structure is fixed on the upper machine table and comprises a plurality of sub-structures. Each sub-structure comprises a flatness adjustment layer, a piezoelectric induction layer and a surface adsorption layer. Further disclosed are a cell-assembly method and a device for manufacturing a display panel. The device can improve cell-assembly accuracy and cell-assembly quality.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display (LCD) viewing angle control method, an LCD panel and an LCD are disclosed. The method is applied in the LCD panel comprising an array substrate and a color filter substrate which are arranged opposite to each other. The method comprises the following steps of: arranging a first planar transparent electrode (13) in the color filter substrate of the LCD panel and a second strip transparent electrode (17) in the array substrate of the LCD panel, and forming a fringe electric field between the array substrate and the color filter substrate through the first planar transparent electrode (13) and the second strip transparent electrode (17); and controlling the display viewing angle of the LCD panel by controlling the formed fringe electric field. Moreover, the method can achieve a simple production process of the LCD panel.

Abstract: A stereoscopic display device, an LCD panel, and an array substrate are provided. The array substrate includes gate lines, share lines, and a switching circuit including a vertical switching circuit, a first switch, a second switch, and an inverter. The first switch includes a gate, a first terminal, and a second terminal; respectively connected with the vertical switching circuit, the Nth share line, and the (N+X)th gate line. The second switch includes a gate, a first terminal, and a second terminal; respectively connected with the vertical switching circuit, the Nth share line, and a control signal. The inverter disposes between the gate of the first or second switch and the vertical switching circuit. The share lines can be independent controlled and low color shift effect is achieved. No additional IC chips and COFs are required, and solving the image blurs and the brightness difference of the two eyes.

Abstract: A display device includes a display panel including an upper substrate and a lower substrate facing and coupled to a rear surface of the upper substrate, a guide frame supporting the display panel, and a coupling member coupling the guide frame to the display panel. The coupling member includes an adhesive member providing adhesive strength and at least one or more buffer members which are disposed inside the adhesive member and have an elastic force. Accordingly, the display device can absorb an impact applied to the display panel, thus enhancing the stability of the display panel.

Abstract: The invention relates to a touch sensor, an in-cell touch liquid crystal display panel and a liquid crystal display. The touch sensor includes a plurality of drive electrodes and a plurality of sense electrodes disposed in a same layer and intersecting each other. The drive electrodes occupy a first area and the sense electrodes occupy a second area different from the first area. Mutual capacitances are formed between the drive electrodes and the sense electrodes. The touch sensor further includes a plurality of virtual electrodes disposed in a third area that does not overlap the first and second areas.

Abstract: An improved Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) heating system is provided. Resistor meshes, in particular VCOM resistor heating meshes, in the pixel array improve capacity of the display heater (heating system) so that the display is heated faster from low temperatures. The resistor mesh design provides much lower resistance from one point in the pixel array to an edge than pixel-to-pixel horizontal VCOM resistance, thus reducing horizontal crosstalk. Further, the approach permits the display to be active during the warm-up process.