Abstract: Innovative new methods in connection with lighter-than-air (LTA) free floating platforms, of facilitating legal transmitter operation, platform flight termination when appropriate, environmentally acceptable landing, and recovery of these devices are provided. The new systems and methods relate to rise rate control, geo-location from a LTA platform including landed payload and ground-based vehicle locations, and steerable recovery systems.

Abstract: A method, user equipment (UE) and location server for estimating position of a UE based on observed angles of arrival. According to one embodiment, angles of arrival of signals from a plurality of base stations are received by a UE are observed by scanning for position reference signals (PRS) by adjusting a phase difference between antennas to cause a null of a beam of the UE to be incremented through an angular sector. For each of a plurality of base stations, an angle of arrival at which the null is steered when a PRS is suppressed by the null and a reference signal time difference, RSTD, are determined. Each angle of arrival and corresponding RSTD is transmitted to a location server which estimates UE position based on the observed angles of arrival. Further, the location server may instruct the UE to suppress a non-line-of-sight PRS signal.

Abstract: An electronic buoy radar chart display system is applicable to a ship, and includes: an electronic buoy apparatus, configured to generate electronic buoy positioning data according to a position where an electronic buoy locates, and transmit the electronic buoy positioning data to a buoy transceiver; a satellite positioning module, configured to generate ship positioning data corresponding to the ship position; a processing module, connected to the buoy transceiver and the satellite positioning module, and configured to receive the electronic buoy positioning data and the ship positioning data, and calculate relative position data according to the electronic buoy positioning data and the ship positioning data; and a radar chart display apparatus, configured to display the electronic buoy positioning data, the ship positioning data, and the relative position data.

Abstract: A system and apparatus configured to process search radar data based on random matrix theory. During the time that the radar receiver is listening for return target echoes, the raw data stream may be fed to an analog to digital converter to create a sample voltage file. This sample voltage file may be processed by a digital signal processor that computes the eigenvalues of a sample covariance matrix generated for each pulse duration interval. The ratio of the largest to smallest eigenvalue is determined and compared to the system noise eigenvalue ratio. The sensitivity for detecting targets over the present state of the art is expected to be an approximate enhancement factor of one thousand, due to the detection of coherent energy instead of a transmitted waveform. The increase of detection distance for same radar cross section is expected to be an approximate 5.6 enhancement factor.

Abstract: A photoelectric sensor includes a lens mounted to a light projecting element at a position that opposes a light projecting lens and configured such that the curvature in the direction perpendicular to a straight line passing through the center of the light projecting lens and the center of the light receiving lens is greater than the curvature in the direction parallel to the straight line passing through the center of the light projecting lens and the center of the light receiving lens.

Abstract: Embodiments relate to integrated sonic sensors having a transmitter, a receiver and driver electronics integrated in a single, functional package. In one embodiment, a piezoelectric signal transmitter, a silicon microphone receiver and a controller/amplifier chip are concomitantly integrated in a semiconductor housing. The semiconductor housing, in embodiments, is functional in that at least a portion of the housing can comprise the piezoelectric element of the transmitter, with an inlet aperture opposite the silicon microphone receiver.

Abstract: Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, applying different apodization weights for ultrasound echoes to generate a plurality of images of a target where one of the apodization weights has a zero mean value across an aperture of a transducer array and generating a null subtracted image of the target by combining the plurality of images. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: A radio frequency energy-transmitting apparatus includes a harmonic radar unit and a harmonic radar control unit. The harmonic radar unit transmits a radar wave with a fundamental frequency. After a radio frequency energy-harvesting apparatus receives the radar wave, the radio frequency energy-harvesting apparatus generates and transmits a radar reflection harmonic wave. A frequency of the radar reflection harmonic wave is a multiple frequency of the radar wave. After the harmonic radar unit receives the radar reflection harmonic wave, the harmonic radar control unit determines a location of the radio frequency energy-harvesting apparatus. According to the location of the radio frequency energy-harvesting apparatus, the harmonic radar control unit controls the harmonic radar unit, so that a radar wave beam of the radar wave transmitted from the harmonic radar unit is directed toward the location of the radio frequency energy-harvesting apparatus.

Abstract: An object detection device includes a controller, a first sensor, and a second sensor. The first sensor transmits a first energy wave, and the second sensor transmits a second energy wave. The first sensor receives a reflected wave of the first energy wave to convert the reflected wave into a first self-signal, and receives a reflected wave of the second energy wave to convert the reflected wave into a first correspondence signal. The second sensor receives the reflected wave of the second energy wave to convert the reflected wave into a second self-signal, and receives the reflected wave of the first energy wave to convert the reflected wave into a second correspondence signal.

Abstract: A system uses range and Doppler velocity measurements from a lidar system and images from a video system to estimate a six degree-of-freedom trajectory of a target and generate a three-dimensional image of the target. The system may refine the three-dimensional image by reducing the stochastic components in the transformation parameters between video frame times.

Abstract: Technology to generation of linear feedback shift register based PRN spreading code sequence using a processor device in a computing system is disclosed. A system is provided for generating a GNSS code sequence in a computer system, the system comprising one or more logic circuits configured to at least: receive a plurality of waveform generation parameters; select between a short pseudo-random noise (PRN) cycle and a long PRN cycle according to at least one of the plurality of waveform generation parameters; and emulate a plurality of linear feedback shift registers (LFSR) for generating a block of PRN code chips.

Abstract: An apparatus and system for measuring electromagnetic radiation emitted by one or more electronic components included on a first substrate, and an associated method of controlling the emitted radiation. The apparatus includes a cap member having an interior surface and an exterior surface, the interior surface defining an interior cavity and arranged to receive at least a portion of the one or more electronic components within the interior cavity. The apparatus further includes at least one sensor device coupled with the cap member and configured to detect electromagnetic radiation emitted by the one or more electronic components. The apparatus further includes at least one conductive pad disposed on the cap member and coupled with the at least one sensor device, wherein the conductive pad is configured to couple with external circuitry to transmit a sensor signal generated by the at least one sensor device responsive to the detected electromagnetic radiation.

Abstract: A system for and method of determining relative position is provided. The system includes a plurality of GNSS receivers for receiving signals from a plurality of GNSS satellites. The system also includes a launcher for positioning each receiver a known vector distance from each of the other receivers so that an initial relative position vector can be established for each receiver. The method utilizes the initial relative position vectors to determine triple differences for each receiver, thereby determining relatively accurate relative positions for each receiver. The receivers are incorporated into a plurality of devices so that the system can be utilized in controlling the movement of each device, thereby improving formation and swarming capabilities of the plurality of devices.

Abstract: Provided are a gamma-ray measurement device and a gamma-ray measurement method which perform a gamma-ray measurement of simple and inexpensive structure in a mixed field of neutrons and gamma-rays. A gamma-ray measurement device is used in a method for measuring the dose in the same place when using a lead filter and when not using the filter, and obtaining a gamma dose from a difference. The gamma-ray measurement device includes a first detector which is made up of the lead filter for shielding gamma-rays and a glass dosimeter disposed in the center of the filter, and a second detector that is made up of only the glass dosimeter.

Abstract: Chamber connection methods and apparatus are provided. In some embodiments, a signal wire is attached to a drift chamber by feeding a signal wire through an end of the drift chamber; feeding the signal wire through the dielectric tube; extending the dielectric tube outwardly from the drift chamber end; and at a location on the outside of the drift chamber end, setting the extending dielectric tube and signal wire together to thereby fit the signal wire to the drift chamber end and gas seal the dielectric tube end. In some other embodiments, the drift chamber is a muon drift tube. In some embodiments, drift tube end cap assemblies with and without gas ports are provided for attaching the signal wire to the drift tube.

Abstract: A method for determining three dimensional locations and energy of gamma incidence events includes the steps of: providing a multi edge-read imaging probe, the multi edge-read imaging probe detecting scintillating photons generated by a gamma incidence event and obtaining a plurality of reaction locations corresponding to the scintillating photons; performing a location-judging process; performing a process for screening valid events; performing an energy-correction process upon the valid events; and, performing a process of energy calculation so as to obtain a total energy value for the gamma incidence event.

Abstract: The present invention provides a radiation detector UBM electrode structure body and a radiation detector which suppress the degradation of metal electrode layers at the time of formation of UBM layers and achieve sufficient electric characteristics, and a method of manufacturing the same. A radiation detector UBM electrode structure body according to the present invention includes a substrate made of CdTe or CdZnTe, comprising a Pt or Au electrode layer formed on the substrate by electroless plating, an Ni layer formed on the Pt or Au electrode layer by sputtering, and an Au layer formed on the Ni layer by sputtering.

Abstract: A radiographing system includes a plurality of radiation imaging apparatuses and a control apparatus. The control apparatus includes a memory, a processor, a shifting unit, a determining unit, and a disabling unit. The shifting unit shifts the radiation imaging apparatus into the radiographing enabled state in which radiation is detected and a radiographic image is generated. The determining unit determine whether to disable shifting the radiation imaging apparatus into the radiographing enabled state based on control for radiographing using a different radiation imaging apparatus currently in the radiographing enabled state. The disabling unit disables shifting the radiation imaging apparatus into the radiographing enabled state based on a determination result.

Abstract: In quantitative SPECT with multiple photopeaks, the combination for the multiple photopeaks is performed within or as part of reconstruction rather than post-reconstruction. Reconstruction is performed iteratively, so the combination for the multiple photopeaks is performed within the iteration loop of the reconstruction, such as combining back projected feedback of the different photopeaks for updating the volume.

Abstract: A self-stabilizing scintillation detector system for the measurement of nuclear radiation, preferably gamma radiation, is provided, the system comprising a scintillation crystal, a photo detector, a photomultiplier (PMT) and one or two fast digital sampling analog to digital converters (ADC), where the scintillator is selected from a group of materials having a light decay time of at least 1 ns, and where the PMT is set to its highest possible gain.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a first layer of a rare earth element. The apparatus further includes a thin-film coating layer deposited on the first layer, where the thin-film coating layer includes boron.

Abstract: An air gun intended for use in generating seismic energy impulses, i.e. acoustical waves, in a body of water that provides improved performance by adjusting the length of the firing chamber in order to tune the rise time from zero pressure to peak pressure and to increase or decrease the slope of the initial pulse. By selecting the length of the firing chamber, the rise time of the initial pulse is tuned to increase low frequencies and reduce objectionable high frequencies to help in mitigating damage to marine life and the marine environment and to provide greater penetration of the seismic signal through for example basalt and sub-basalt structures.

Abstract: Systems and methods for a sea-floor seismic source are provided. The seismic source system includes a housing (102) having an internal cavity (104). The housing is configured to be coupled to a surface by gravity. The system further includes a coupling plate (106) fixed to a base (108) of the internal cavity. The coupling plate is configured to transmit energy through the base of the internal cavity and into the surface. The system also includes an excitation source (110) located in the internal cavity. The excitation source is configured to receive an input signal from a computing system communicatively coupled to the excitation source, and transmit energy to a reactive mass (112) located in the internal cavity and transmit energy to the coupling plate.

Abstract: A method for seismic surveying includes deploying a group of vertically sensitive seismic particle motion responsive sensors at each of a plurality of geodetic survey positions. The groups each include at least two sensors spaced apart by a first selected horizontal distance. The groups are separated from each other by a second selected distance larger than the first distance. Signals detected by each of the sensors resulting from actuation of a seismic energy source are recorded. At least one of an in-line and a cross-line component of a gradient of the vertical component of the seismic wavefield is determined at each group location by determining a difference between the signals detected by each sensor in a respective group.

Abstract: A method, including: obtaining a seismic dataset that is separated into subsets according to predetermined subsurface reflection angle ranges; performing, with a computer, an acoustic full wavefield inversion process on each of the subsets, respectively, to invert for density and generate respective density models; generating acoustic impedances for each of the subsets, as a function of reflection angle, using the respective density models; and transforming, using a computer, the acoustic impedances for each of the subsets into reflectivity sections, wherein the transforming includes normalizing the reflectivity sections by their respective bandwidth.

Abstract: A method for use in seismic imaging a subterranean geological formation, includes: displaying a gather of seismic images, the seismic images being generated from a set of seismic data representative of the geological formation; interactively selecting an illumination band based on the degree of signal and noise separation in the seismic images; decomposing each of the seismic images of the gather into a partial image, each partial image defined in the seismic image by the selected illumination band; interactively selecting at least a portion of one or more of the partial images based on a predominance of signal; interactively weighting the selected portions relative to the predominance of signal; stacking the selected, interactively weighted portions; and displaying an image of the stacked, weighted portions.

Abstract: Denoising seismic data can include extracting a first plurality of overlapping patches corresponding to a respective seismic data window selected from a plurality of seismic data windows, reshaping the first plurality of overlapping patches into patch vectors, and determining sparse approximations of the patch vectors based on a dictionary and a sparse coefficient vector. Denoising seismic data can also include reshaping the sparse approximations into a respective second plurality of overlapping patches, and constructing a denoised version of at least one of the plurality of seismic data windows using the respective second plurality overlapping patches.

Abstract: Some aspects of what is described here relate to seismic profiling techniques. In some implementations, a time-sequence of seismic excitations are generated at seismic source locations in a first directional wellbore section in a subterranean region. Each seismic excitation is generated at a respective time and at a respective subset of the seismic source locations. A time-sequence of seismic responses are detected at one or more seismic sensor locations in a second directional wellbore section in the subterranean region. The time-sequence of seismic responses is associated with the time-sequence of seismic excitations. A fracture treatment of the subterranean region is analyzed based on the time-sequence of seismic responses.

Abstract: To process geological log data, a two-dimensional set of log values recorded at a plurality of points is obtained about a borehole periphery, and over a chosen length along the borehole. The set of log values are decomposed by identifying in the set one or more main functions indicative of one or more main geological layer features of the rock penetrated by the borehole and removing log values corresponding to values of the main functions from the set of log values. Further decomposing the set of log values can be performed, as necessary iteratively, based on one or more subsidiary functions. The log values of the set remaining after identification and removal of values are designated as texture. Functions indicative of the main and subsidiary layer features and the texture are used to construct a synthesised volume representing the rock removed during creation of the chosen length of the borehole.

Abstract: A cement bond log from recorded ultrasonic waveforms, a method for evaluating bonding of cement in a wellbore between a casing and a wellbore wall, and a method for creating a cement bond log from recorded ultrasonic waveforms are disclosed, in which series of points corresponding to maxima and minima of the waveforms are identified. Absolute value amplitudes of the series of points are thereafter identified and a correlation thereof is analyzed to divide each series of points into four or more zones, corresponding to casing arrival data, inner and outer annular data, wellbore wall arrival data, respectively. Mean values of the absolute value amplitudes of the waveforms for points of each series falling within each of the four zones are calculated, which relate to cement bonding at the depths of the recorded ultrasonic waveforms.

Abstract: Apparatus (57, 58) for determining permittivity in a downhole location comprises a sensor (57) including an elongate conducting line (62) supported on or adjacent a first side of a dielectric substrate (61). The sensor (57) also includes at least one conducting ground element (26, 27) that is spaced from the conducting line (62), the conducting line (62) being capable of juxtaposition to a downhole borehole wall (12). The apparatus further includes connected respectively to spaced locations along the conducting line at least two terminals (31, 32; 63, 64) of a vector network analyser (57b) that is capable of detecting one or more signal reflection characteristics whereby when the sensor (57) is juxtaposed to a borehole wall (12) the vector network analyser (57b) generates one or more signals that are processable to indicate the relative permittivity of rock (39) in which the borehole is formed.

Abstract: An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for detecting buried assets includes a chassis, a global navigation receiver and processor, an electromagnetic locator device (ELD), and a processor for receiving a first data structure that represents a two dimensional area comprising a buffer zone at an above-surface location, wherein the buffer zone corresponds to a particular buried asset sought by the UAV, navigating towards the buffer zone and executing a detection process for storing a plurality of buried asset data points, and transmitting the buried asset data points.

Abstract: Disclosed are systems and methods for marine geophysical surveying. An example system an electromagnetic source configured to emit an energy field into a body of water; a marine data acquisition node comprising: a base having a buoyancy such that the base is configured to float in a body of water; a geophysical sensor coupled to the base; a weight configured to anchor the marine data acquisition node to a water bottom; and a line connected between the weight and the base configured to prevent the base from floating to a surface of the body of water.

Abstract: Scale identifier systems and methods for generating a log of scale type and location in subterranean formations, and, more particularly, in wellbore tubing are provided. A method for scale identification may be provided. The method may comprise providing a first logging tool comprising a tool body, a neutron source coupled to the tool body, and detectors coupled to the tool body; providing a second logging tool for measuring deviations in inner diameter of a tubing in a wellbore; placing the first logging tool and the second logging tool into the wellbore; logging the interior of the tubing with the first logging tool and the second logging tool to generate data; and generating a log of scale location and type from the data.

Abstract: The inertial system for gravity difference measurement uses COTS nano accelerometer and a strapdown Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)-aided inertial measurement unit (IMU). The former has low measurement noise density, while the latter is used to analytically stabilize the platform. Stochastic modeling of the gravity anomaly is utilized (as opposed to the deterministic modeling of causes and effects) to simplify the algorithm. The algorithm aims at finding relative changes between points, as opposed to absolute values at the points, which allows for high relative precision required in many applications.

Abstract: An oscillation device includes a waveguide structure including a first conductor layer, a second conductor layer, and a semiconductor layer disposed between the first conductor layer and the second conductor layer and having a gain of an electromagnetic wave, an antenna unit configured to radiate the electromagnetic wave, a first connecting portion configured to connect the waveguide structure and the antenna unit, and a second connecting portion configured to connect the waveguide structure and the antenna unit. A first connecting position of the first connecting portion and the waveguide structure and a second connecting position of the second connecting portion and the waveguide structure are different from each other in a resonance direction in which the electromagnetic wave that resonates the waveguide structure resonates.

Abstract: A raster log digitization system and method are disclosed. The system and method receives a raster log in which the raster log has one or more values of one or more measurements of a well and each value of each measurement being recorded at a plurality of depths of the well. In the raster log, the value of at least one measurement wraps around the raster log. The system and method may generate using the received raster log a digital log from the raster log wherein the digital log resolves the values of at least one measurement that wrapped around the raster log.

Abstract: An apparatus for sensing vibration in a borehole penetrating the earth includes an optical fiber having a plurality of pairs of reflectors configured to reflect light between each of the pairs of reflectors in the plurality, wherein each pair of reflectors is separated by a nominal distance L and an adjacent pair of reflectors in the plurality are separated by a nominal distance D, and an optical interrogator configured to sense a distance between each pair of reflectors in the plurality over time to sense the vibration. A laser emits semi-coherent light over a swept range of wavelengths to illuminate the optical fiber, wherein the semi-coherent light provides for sensing over distance L in the optical fiber between each pair of reflectors and for no sensing in the optical fiber over distance D between different pairs of reflectors. A photodetector senses light received from the optical fiber.

Abstract: A method of optimising the cross-sectional shape of a logging tool sensor includes the step of, for a given major axis dimension, selecting the minor axis dimension such that for a circular borehole geometry the cross-sectional area of the space between the sensor and a said circular borehole with which the sensor is pressed into contact is minimised. Logging tools optimised according to this technique exhibit beneficial sensor stand-off characteristics.

Abstract: A computing device facilitates the organization of a plurality of three-dimensional geological data realizations into respective one-dimensional arrays of geological property values, with each geological property value corresponding to a three-dimensional grid location of a respective three-dimensional geological data realization. The computing device then facilitates the grouping of the one-dimensional arrays into two or more array clusters based on a comparison of geometric locations of the geological property values within the respective arrays, and selects at least one of the plurality of three-dimensional geological data realizations for each of the two or more array clusters. The selected data realizations are then provided at a user interface.

Abstract: Methods of geophysical modeling and inversion are disclosed. A sparse domain is defined for a geophysical model, over which a sparse model result is computed. A full model result is then resolved by interpolation over the sparse domain. The full model result may be used as the forward modeling result in a geophysical inversion process. Reconstruction error, or model error, or both may be used to adjust the sparse domain, the model, or the geophysical basis of the model.

Abstract: Methods of geophysical modeling and inversion are disclosed. A sparse domain is defined for a geophysical model, over which a sparse model result is computed. A full model result is then resolved by interpolation over the sparse domain. The full model result may be used as the forward modeling result in a geophysical inversion process. Reconstruction error, or model error, or both may be used to adjust the sparse domain, the model, or the geophysical basis of the model.

Abstract: A resonator coupled to a system exhibiting a negative phase index of refraction presents a magnified absorption cross-section providing an optical element that can be used for enhancing taggant detection or increasing photodetector efficiency.

Abstract: Provided are an optical device and a manufacturing method thereof. The method of manufacturing an optical device may include providing a substrate structure, and depositing an array including curved structures on the substrate structure. The curved structures may include a crystalline organic compound.

Abstract: The antireflection coating is a multi-layer film to be formed on a surface of a substrate. The film includes multiple layers including an uppermost layer most distant from the substrate among the multiple layers, and a lower layer including at least one layer other than the uppermost layer. A refractive index nm of the uppermost layer for a wavelength of ? (nm) satisfies a condition of 1.11?nm?1.3. An optical admittance Y of the lower layer is expressed by Y=a+ib, and a and b in the optical admittance satisfy conditions of (a?1.13)2+(b?0.24)2?0.452 for ?=430, (a?1.33)2+(b+0.05)2?0.252 for ?=900 and (a?1.14)2+(b+0.25)2?0.292 for ?=1800.

Abstract: An optical component capable of sufficiently reducing reflection of light by controlling a change in refractive index, even if incident angle of light varies. An optical component includes a base, a moth-eye structure with predetermined concavities and convexities, and at least one buffer layer provided between the base and the moth-eye structure. A change in refractive index between the base and a medium is adjusted by the buffer layer and the moth-eye structure.

Abstract: An optical element devices and method are described herein. An example optical device may include an optical element. The optical element may have an optical path material to allow a light to pass therethrough. The optical path material may have a first end portion with a first end surface, a second end portion with a second end surface, and a middle portion between the first and second end portions with an interior and an exterior surface. A coating may be disposed along the exterior surface and diffused into the optical path material. The coating may minimize leakage of the light from the interior through the exterior surface.

Abstract: A corrosion-resistant optical device is disclosed. The device includes a substrate, a silver layer upon the substrate, and an insulating layer that provides abrasion resistance. The device is immersed in a thiol-rich solution. The thiols form a corrosion-inhibiting monolayer upon any exposed silver surface. This increases the environmental resistance of the optical device, keeping water from interacting with the silver layer.

Abstract: An optical device having variable focal length may include a deformable membrane, a support to which a peripheral anchoring area of said membrane is connected, and a cavity filled with a constant volume of fluid. The cavity being delimited by the membrane, a base opposite the membrane and a wall of the support extending between the base and the membrane. The optical device further includes an actuation device of a region of the membrane located between the peripheral anchoring area and a central part of the membrane, configured to bend said membrane by application of electrical actuation voltage so as to displace some of the volume of fluid. The membrane comprises a stiffening structure comprising cells which delimit, in the central part of said membrane, at least two deformable regions each constituting a dioptre of a respective elementary optical system, each elementary optical system comprising said respective deformable region of the membrane, the fluid and the base of the cavity.

Abstract: A light blocking sheet includes a first surface, a second surface, an inner annular surface and an outer annular surface. The second surface is corresponding to the first surface. The inner annular surface connects the first surface and the second surface, and forms an inner opening. The outer annular surface connects an edge of the first surface and an edge of the second surface, and includes at least three notches disposed on the outer annular surface and at least three arc surfaces located on the outer annular surface, wherein the at least three notches and the at least three arc surfaces are alternately arranged on the outer annular surface, and the at least three arc surfaces are coaxial and have different arc lengths.