Abstract: Calcium phosphite containing fertilizers, as well as methods of making and methods of using these fertilizers, are disclosed.

Abstract: A pellet for fertilizing and watering plants may include wool having fibers having lengths between about 1.5 cm and about 17 cm and natural lanolin. The pellet may also include a binding agent. Soil compositions for growing plants may include a growing media and a plurality of the pellets distributed within the growing media. Methods for providing a substance to roots of plants may include distributing pellets throughout a soil composition, adding water to the pellets and soil composition, and allowing the pellets to release the substance to the soil composition and roots of the plants.

Abstract: The disclosed invention relates to a liquid treatment system comprising a fluid input channel and a plasmatron coupled to the fluid input channel, the plasmatron operative to affix nitrogen to liquid received from the fluid input channel resulting in treated liquid. The system further comprises a liquid chamber connected to the plasmatron for storing treated liquid and a treated fluid output channel connected to the liquid chamber.

Abstract: A pellet for fertilizing and watering plants may include wool from a belly area of one or more sheep compressed in a pelletized form. The wool may also include natural lanolin. Methods for making pellets may include selecting and obtaining a type and cut of wool from an animal, not removing natural lanolin from the wool, and pelletizing the wool. Methods for providing a substance to roots of plants may include distributing pellets throughout a soil composition, adding water to the pellets and soil composition, and allowing the pellets to release the substance to the soil composition and roots of the plants.

Abstract: A fertilizer composition comprising a base composition, a plurality of wool pellets comprising wool, and at least one animal product selected from the group consisting of blood meal, meat and bone meal, fish meal, and tankage. Related methods of forming the fertilizer composition comprise providing a plurality of wool pellets to a base composition, adding the at least one animal product to the base composition, and mixing the plurality of wool pellets, the at least one animal product, and the base composition to form a fertilizer composition comprising the plurality of wool pellets, the at least one animal product, and the base composition. Related methods of providing at least one nutrient to a plant are also described.

Abstract: The present invention provides fertiliser compositions comprising granules of urea and plant hormone, such as gibberellic acid or a salt thereof, in addition to methods of manufacturing and using such compositions and granules, for example for improving plant health and production, such as treating the soil of pastoral land to increase pasture production.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing alkylated aromatic hydrocarbons such as ethyl benzene or cumene from a mixed hydrocarbon feedstream comprising subjecting C6 cut separated from said mixed hydrocarbon feedstream to hydrocracking to provide benzene and subjecting said benzene to alkylation.

Abstract: The invention relates to the production of aromatic hydrocarbon by the conversion of a feed comprising saturated hydrocarbon. At least a portion of the saturated hydrocarbon is converted to olefinic hydrocarbon. Aromatic hydrocarbon is produced from at least a portion of the olefinic hydrocarbon using at least one dehydrocyclization catalyst comprising dehydrogenation and molecular sieve components.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing benzene from a mixed hydrocarbon feedstream comprising subjecting C6 cut separated from said mixed hydrocarbon feedstream to aromatization to provide a benzene-rich aromatic stream and recovering the benzene from the benzene-rich aromatic stream.

Abstract: A method for producing a hydrofluoroolefin, which comprises reacting a chlorofluoroolefin represented by the following formula (1) with hydrogen in the presence of a platinum group metal catalyst supported on a carbon carrier, to obtain a hydrofluoroolefin represented by the following formula (2), wherein the carbon carrier has acidic functional groups, and the total acidic functional group amount in the carbon carrier is at most 50 ?mol/g: CZX?CClY ??(1) wherein X is F or Cl, Y is F, Cl or H, and Z is F or CF3; CZX??CHY???(2) wherein X? is F when X is F, or X? is H when X is Cl, Y? is F when Y is F, or Y? is H when Y is Cl or H, and Z is the same as Z in the formula (1).

Abstract: A method for preparing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, including: providing a first reactor including a first section, a second section, and a third section, with each section being filled with different catalysts, preheating hexafluoropropylene and hydrogen, and introducing the hexafluoropropylene and the hydrogen to the first reactor to yield a first mixture including: 1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoropropane, 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane, and hydrogen fluoride; introducing the first mixture to a first distillation column to yield 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane at a top of the first distillation column and 1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoropropane and hydrogen fluoride at a bottom of the first distillation column, recycling the 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane to a lower part of the first section of the first reactor, and introducing the 1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoropropane and the hydrogen fluoride to a second reactor to yield a second mixture including: 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, hydro

Abstract: Butanediol production processes are described herein. In some embodiments, the processes include contacting an allyl alcohol stream with a hydroformylation catalyst in the presence of a gas stream including carbon monoxide and hydrogen under hydroformylation conditions sufficient to form a hydroformylation product stream including a butanediol intermediate, wherein the allyl alcohol stream includes less than 98 wt. % allyl alcohol.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the manufacture of a saturated primary alcohol from an unsaturated aliphatic ester comprising the steps of: a) Providing an aliphatic ester having at least one carbon-carbon double bond; b) Carrying out a metathesis of said ester in the presence of a ruthenium carbene-based catalyst thereby obtaining a first reaction mixture; c) Adding a ligand and a base to the first reaction mixture, wherein the ligand comprises at least one donor atom chosen from the group consisting of a nitrogen atom and a phosphorus atom thereby obtaining a second reaction mixture comprising an ester product resulting from the metathesis reaction; d) Carrying out a homogeneous hydrogenation of the ester-product resulting from the metathesis, thereby obtaining a saturated primary alcohol. Further, the present invention relates to a catalyst for the hydrogenation of esters and to a process for the hydrogenation of esters using said catalyst.

Abstract: Allyl alcohol production processes are generally described herein. One or more of the processes generally include contacting a propylene oxide stream with an isomerization catalyst under isomerization conditions sufficient to form an isomerization product stream including allyl alcohol, wherein the propylene oxide stream includes a total impurity concentration of at least 100 ppm. One or more of the processes generally includes purging at least a portion of a stream from one or more separation unit(s).

Abstract: The material for forming a film for lithography according to the present invention contains a compound represented by the following formula (1): wherein, each R0 independently represents a monovalent group having an oxygen atom, a monovalent group having a sulfur atom, a monovalent group having a nitrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group or a halogen atom, and each p is independently an integer of 0 to 4.

Abstract: Processes for producing carboxylic acid are included herein. The processes include contacting an alcohol and carbon monoxide in the presence of a liquid reaction medium under carbonylation conditions sufficient to form a carbonylation product including the carboxylic acid and recovering the carboxylic acid from the carbonylation product. The liquid reaction medium may include a carbonylation catalyst selected from rhodium catalysts, iridium catalysts and palladium catalysts; water in a water concentration ranging from 1 wt. % to 14 wt. % based on the total liquid reaction medium weight; and an additive, one or more in situ generated derivatives of the additive or combinations thereof, wherein the additive includes one or more salts of one or more compounds, each compound including at least one amino group and at least one acid group, the at least one acid group capable of forming an alkali metal salt.

Abstract: A process comprising subjecting a composition comprising an alpha- or beta-hydroxycarboxylic acid, water, an extraction solvent, and an acid catalyst to extractive dehydration to form an unsaturated carboxylic acid product.

Abstract: This present invention relates to an improved process to prepare prostacyclin derivatives. One embodiment provides for an improved process to convert benzindene triol to treprostinil via salts of treprostinil and to purify treprostinil.

Abstract: This present invention relates to an improved process to prepare prostacyclin derivatives. One embodiment provides for an improved process to convert benzindene triol to treprostinil via salts of treprostinil and to purify treprostinil.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing an ester mixture, in which an n-butene-containing feed mixture having a composition which changes over time is first oligomerized and then converted by hydroformylation, hydrogenation and esterification to an ester mixture. In this process, an approximation of the actual viscosity of the ester mixture is determined. The problem that it addresses is that of specifying a comparatively simple process which enables conversion of an n-butene with a variable composition over time to an ester mixture having a viscosity which can be kept very substantially constant over a long period even when an inconstant C4 source which delivers fluctuating qualities over this period is utilized. This is achieved through controlled use of a second raw material, namely ethene. It has been found that the viscosity of n-butene-based ester mixtures can be influenced by controlled use of ethene in the preparation of the ester precursors.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing alpha-hydroxycarboxylic esters from the alcoholysis of alpha-hydroxycarboxam ides in the gas phase, characterized in that the conversion is effected in the presence of water.

Abstract: A compound represented by formula (1): can be produced by: a step wherein a compound represented by formula (2): is reacted with a compound represented by formula (3): thereby obtaining a compound represented by formula (4): a step wherein a compound represented by formula (4) is reacted with hypohalogenous acid or a salt thereof, thereby obtaining a compound represented by formula (5): and a step wherein a compound represented by formula (5) is reduced.

Abstract: Processes are disclosed for the conversion of a carbohydrate source to hexamethylenediamine (HMDA) and to intermediates useful for the production of hexamethylenediamine and other industrial chemicals. HMDA is produced by direct reduction of a furfural substrate to 1,6-hexanediol in the presence of hydrogen and a heterogeneous reduction catalyst comprising Pt or by indirect reduction of a furfural substrate to 1,6-hexanediol wherein 1,2,6-hexanetriol is produced by reduction of the furfural substrate in the presence of hydrogen and a catalyst comprising Pt and 1,2,6-hexanediol is then converted by hydrogenation in the presence of a catalyst comprising Pt to 1,6 hexanediol, each process then proceding to the production of HMDA by known routes, such as amination of the 1,6 hexanediol. Catalysts useful for the direct and indirect production of 1,6-hexanediol are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for producing toluenediamine by hydrogenation of dinitrotoluene in the presence of a catalyst, a dinitrotoluene being used as starting material and being processed by applying an electrical voltage.

Abstract: Methods of making cocrystal compositions of metoprolol and dabigatran bases with enantiomers of theanine.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition can include: a marmelin analog compound, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier having the compound. The compound can be present in a therapeutically effective amount to treat or inhibit a disease state. The disease state can be cancer. The cancer can be selected from brain cancers, head and neck cancers, thyroid cancers, gastrointestinal cancers, esophageal cancers, stomach cancers, pancreatic cancers, liver cancers, colo-rectal cancers, lung cancers, kidney cancers, prostate cancers, bladder cancers, testicular cancers, breast cancers, ovarian cancers, cervical cancers, and melanomas. The carrier includes a cyclodextrin, which may form a complex with the compound. The compounds and compositions can be used to treat or inhibit progression of cancers. Colorectal, bladder, and prostate cancers are examples of some of the cancers that can be treated with the marmelin analog compounds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing dimethyl disulphide, in batches or continuously, preferably continuously, said method including at least the following steps: a) reacting at least one hydrocarbon feedstock in the presence of hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and optionally sulphur (S) such as to form carbon disulphide (CS2) and hydrogen (H2); b) reacting said carbon disulphide (CS2) by hydrogenation in the presence of said hydrogen (H2) obtained in step a), such as to form methyl mercaptan (CH3SH), hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and optionally hydrogen (H2); c) optionally, but preferably, recirculating said hydrogen sulphide (H2S) formed in step b) to step a); d) reacting the methyl mercaptan formed in step b) with sulphur such as to form dimethyl disulphide and hydrogen sulphide; e) optionally recirculating the hydrogen sulphide formed during step d) to step a); and f) recovering the dimethyl disulphide.

Abstract: What is described is a compound wherein R1 and R2 are the same or different, each a linear or branched alkyl with 1-9 carbons, or an alkenyl or alkynyl with 2 to 11 carbons; L1 and L2 are the same or different, each a linear alkyl having 3 to 18 carbons; X1 and X3 are —CO—O—; X3 is S or O; L3 is a lower alkyl; R3 is a lower alkyl; and R4 and R5 are the same or different, each a lower alkyl; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides pyrroles having hypolipidemic hypocholesteremic activities. The invention provides saroglitazar and its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates, solvates, polymorphs or intermediates thereof. The invention also provides a process for the preparation of saroglitazar. The invention further provides intermediates as well process for preparation thereof.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to polyamine conjugates, its isomers, prodrugs and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. The present disclosure also relates to process of preparation of polyamine conjugates, its stereoisomers, prodrugs, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and to pharmaceutical compositions containing them. The compounds of the present disclosure are useful in the treatment, prevention or suppression of diseases mediated by microbes.

Abstract: Isoindoline sigma-2 receptor antagonist compounds, pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds, and methods for inhibiting Abeta-associated synapse loss or synaptic dysfunction in neuronal cells, modulating an Abeta-associated membrane trafficking change in neuronal cells, and treating cognitive decline associated with Abeta pathology are provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides MDM2 inhibitor compounds of Formula I, wherein the variables are defined above, which compounds are useful as therapeutic agents, particularly for the treatment of cancers. The present invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions that contain an MDM2 inhibitor.

Abstract: The invention relates to new methods of modulating cholesterol by inhibiting proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) with fatty acid derivatives; and new methods for treating or preventing a metabolic disease comprising the administration of an effective amount of a fatty acid derivative. The present invention is also directed to fatty acid bioative derivatives and their use in the treatment of metabolic diseases.

Abstract: Provided are heterocyclic compounds having a ROR?t inhibitory action represented by the formula (I): wherein each symbol is as defined in the specification, or a salt thereof.

Abstract: A class of acridone compounds has been discovered that exhibits chemosensitizing and antiparasitic activity. Described herein are pharmaceutical compositions and methods for their use to treat parasitic infections, such as malaria and toxoplasmosis, and to sensitize resistant cells, such as multidrug resistant cells to other therapeutic agents. The pharmaceutical compositions and methods may also be used to treat and/or prevent psychotic diseases such as schizophrenia.

Abstract: Triphenylethylene compounds as dual aromatase inhibitors and selective estrogen receptors modulators are described. Also described are methods for treating patients of breast cancers, and patients of breast cancer comorbid with osteoporosis, using the described triphenylethylence compounds or pharmaceutical formulations thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed are a use of a methylacryloyl benzimidazolone derivative, an optical isomer or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof in the preparation of: (a) a pharmaceutical composition or reagent for down-regulating the activity of PI3K/Akt pathways; (b) a pharmaceutical composition or reagent for treating or inhibiting a tumour; and/or inhibiting tumour cell growth; and/or (c) a pharmaceutical composition or reagent for blocking the cell cycle. The compounds involved in the present invention can down-regulate the level of Akt phosphorylation in P 13K/Akt signaling pathways, and the functional effects of the compounds are equivalent to those of a novel small-molecular targeting drug MK2206; while the research at the cellular level has found that the methylacryloyl benzimidazolone derivatives represented by FD1 have a good proliferation inhibiting effect on tumour cells. What is different from MK2206 is that FD1 has better effects on a PTEN deleted cell.

Abstract: The present invention in one embodiment provides a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the variables shown in Formula I are as defined in the specification.

Abstract: Provided is a method for treating or preventing a viral infection in a subject, wherein the viral infection is from a flavivirus selected from the group consisting of Hepatitis C Virus (genotypes 1-7) and Japanese Encephalitis Virus, as well as novel compounds that are useful in the method.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to compositions and methods which utilize the tetracycline scaffold, preferably the scaffold of tetracycline or minocycline, and which significantly lack antibiotic activity. The compounds have neuroprotective attributes without interfering with the drugs capacity to pass through the blood brain barrier. These compounds have neuroprotective activity because of their inhibition of neuronal cell cycle progression. The compounds are characterized in part by a fifth ring joining positions 9 and 10.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of novel oxadiazoles of the formula I or an N-oxide and/or their agriculturally useful salts for controlling phytopathogenic fungi, or to a method for combating phytopathogenic harmful fungi, which process comprises treating the fungi or the materials, plants, the soil or seeds to be protected against fungal attack, with an effective amount of at least one compound of formula I or an N-oxide or an agriculturally acceptable salt thereof; and to agrochemical compositions comprising at least one such compound and to agrochemical compositions further comprising seeds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to epoxy-tigliane compounds and their use in promoting wound healing. In particular embodiments, the epoxy-tigliane compounds are epoxy-tigliaen-3-one compounds. Methods of inducing or promoting wound healing as well as methods of reducing scarring and improving cosmetic outcomes upon healing of a wound are described. Compounds and compositions for use in wound healing are also described.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method for forming 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid (FDCA) from aldaric acids. The aldaric acids are dehydrating and cyclizing via acid catalysis to form the FDCA product. Aldaric acids such as galactaric acid, gularic acid, mannaric acid, and glucaric acid can be used in the disclosed method, and the aldaric acids can be obtained from form renewable biomass sources which contain pectin, alginate, and/or other biomass carbohydrates. The FDCA can be used as a renewable feedstock for consumer product polymeric materials such as polyalkylene furoate polymers.

Abstract: Provided herein are 3-phenyl-7-hydroxy-isocoumarin compounds which are MIF inhibitors; compositions comprising said inhibitors and methods for treating or preventing diseases associated with MIF.

Abstract: Disclosed are modulators of the human relaxin receptor 1, for example, of formula (I), wherein A, R1, and R2 are as defined herein, that are useful in treating mammalian relaxin receptor 1 mediated facets of human health, e.g., cardiovascular disease. Also disclosed is a composition comprising a pharmaceutically suitable carrier and at least one compound of the disclosure, and a method for therapeutic intervention in a facet of mammalian health that is mediated by a human relaxin receptor 1.

Abstract: The present invention relates to diaminotriazine compounds of the formula (I) and to their use as herbicides. The present invention also relates to agrochemical compositions for crop protection and to a method for controlling unwanted vegetation. wherein A is 5- or 6-membered monocyclic heteroaryl, which comprises 1, 2 or 3 heteroatoms as ring members, which are selected from O, S and N, where heteroaryl is substituted by 1, 2, 3, 4, or 4 substituents RA, R1, R2 are inter alia H, OH, S(O)2NH2, CN, C1-C6-alkyl, C2-C6-alkenyl, C2-C6-alkynyl, (C3-C6-cycloalkyl)-C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C6-alkoxy, (C1-C6-alkoxy)-C1-C6-alkyl, (C1-C6-alkyl)-carbonyl, (C1-C6-alkoxy)carbonyl, (C1-C6-alkyl)sulfonyl, (C1-C6-alkylamino)carbonyl, di(C1-C6-alkyl)aminocarbonyl, (C1-C6-alkylamino)sulfonyl, di(C1-C6-alkyl)aminosulfonyl and (C1-C6-alkoxy)sulfonyl, etc.

Abstract: Provided are a compound represented by formula (III) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, active metabolites, polymorphs, esters, tautomers or prodrugs thereof, pharmaceutical compositions containing the compound represented by formula (III), and the application of the pharmaceutical compositions as selective inreversible inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase for the prevention and treatment of inflammation, autoimmune diseases (such as rheumatoid arthritis) associated with aberrant B cell proliferation and cancers.

Abstract: Disclosed are crystals of 2-(5-chloropyridin-3-yl)-1-(2,5-dichlorobenzyl)-4-methyl-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylic acid useful as therapeutic or prophylactic agents for gout, hyperuricemia, and the like, and a method for producing the crystals.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel aryltriazolylpyridines of the general formula (I). Also described are processes for preparing the compounds of the formula (I). The compounds according to the invention are especially suitable for controlling insects and arachnids in agriculture, and ectoparasites in veterinary medicine.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel crystalline forms of 3-(4-amino-l-oxo-l,3 dihydro-isoindol-2-yl)-piperidine-2,6-dione, including a novel urea cocrystal of 3-(4-amino-l-oxo-l,3 dihydro-isoindol-2-yl)-piperidine-2,6-dione; a novel gallic acid cocrystal of 3-(4-amino-l-oxo-1,3 dihydro-isoindol-2-yl)-piperidine-2,6-dione; a novel propyl gallate cocrystal of 3-(4-amino-l-oxo-1,3 dihydro-isoindol-2-yl)-piperidine-2,6-dione; and a novel L-tartaric acid cocrystal of 3-(4-amino-1-oxo-1,3 dihydro-isoindol-2-yl)-piperidine-2,6-dione. The preparation and characterization of the novel crystalline forms according to various embodiments of the invention are described. The invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing the novel crystalline forms, and the therapeutic use of the novel crystalline forms.