Abstract: Systems and methods for optimizing CRT are disclosed. According to an aspect, a method includes receiving, during at least two time periods of a cardiac cycle, electrical signals communicated by two or more electrodes of a CRT device positioned one or more of on a surface of a body, within a thorax of the body, a heart of the body, a surrounding venous structure of the body, and a surrounding subcutaneous structure of the body. The method also includes calculating, based on the received electrical signals, spacing between the two or more electrodes during the at least two time periods of the cardiac cycle. Further, the method includes controlling output of the CRT device to the electrodes based on the calculated spacing between the two or more electrodes.

Abstract: Electrical energy delivery tissue site validation systems and methods can determine an indication of a tissue type at a tissue site. This information can be used to enable or inhibit electrical energy delivery to the tissue site. The tissue type at the tissue site can be determined such as by delivering a test electrical energy and sensing a responsive electrical energy. An electrical connectivity to the tissue site can also be determined, such as by using a sensed intrinsic electrical signal at the tissue site. Tissue type information may be communicated externally, such as to allow user confirmation or override of the determined indication of tissue type at the tissue site, such as by a physician, user, or other operator.

Abstract: The present invention provides a technique for verifying pacing capture of a ventricular chamber, particularly to ensure desired delivery of a ventricular pacing regime (e.g., “CRT”). The invention also provides ventricular capture management by delivering a single ventricular pacing stimulus and checking inter-ventricular conduction during a temporal window to determine if the stimulus captured. If a loss-of-capture LOC) signal results from the capture management testing, then the applied pacing pulses are modified and the conduction test repeated. If LOC, an alert message can issue.

Abstract: A system and method for tuning the parameters of a therapeutic medical device comprises a movement measurement data acquisition system capable of wireless transmission; processing comprising kinematic feature extraction, a scoring algorithm trained using scores from expert clinicians, a therapeutic device parameter setting adjustment suggestion algorithm preferably trained using the parameter setting adjustment judgments of expert clinicians; and a display and/or means of updating the parameter settings of the treatment device. The invention facilitates the treatment of movement disorders including Parkinson's disease, essential tremor and the like by optimizing deep brain stimulation (DBS) parameter settings, eliminating as much as possible motor symptoms and reducing time and costs of surgical and outpatient procedures and improving patient outcomes.

Abstract: A method of displaying pain or stimulation experienced by a patient includes providing a graphical user interface configured to receive an input from a user and display a visual output to the user. A first map and a second map are concurrently displayed via the graphical user interface. The first map and the second map are each a pain map or a stimulation map. The pain map represents a body area of the patient experiencing pain. The stimulation map represents a body area of the patient experiencing electrical stimulation. A virtual control mechanism is displayed via the graphical user interface. Through the graphical user interface, an engagement of the virtual control mechanism is detected. In response to the engagement of the virtual control mechanism, respective visual emphases of the first map and the second map are simultaneously adjusted.

Abstract: Monitoring physiological parameter using an implantable physiological monitor in order to detect a condition predictive of a possible future pathological episode and collecting additional physiological data associated with the condition predictive of a possible future pathological episode. Monitoring another physiological parameter in order to detect a condition indicative of the beginning of a present pathological episode and collecting additional pathological data in response to the condition. Determining that the condition predictive of a future episode and the condition indicative of a present episode are associated and, in response thereto, storing all the collected physiological data.

Abstract: An implantable medical device including a data communication device that includes a device to alter and/or generate an oscillatory electric field imposed on body tissue surrounding the implantable medical device when the implantable medical device is in its implanted state. The device that alters an oscillatory electric field modulates an impedance of body tissue surrounding the implantable medical device when the implantable medical device is in its implanted state and within an oscillatory electric field. The device that alters an oscillatory electric field includes a device that generates an oscillatory electric field that is phase-synchronized with an oscillatory electric field imposed on body tissue surrounding the implantable medical device when the implantable medical device is in its implanted state.

Abstract: An operating-room-cable assembly includes a lead connector with a lead-connector housing for receiving a lead. The lead-connector housing includes a first housing element and a second housing element that slide relative to one another to transition the lead-connector housing between an open position and a closed position. A connector port is defined in the lead-connector housing and includes a first surface formed by the first housing element and a second surface formed by the second housing element. A lead retainer is disposed along the second surface and receives the lead when the lead-connector housing is in the open position. Connector contacts are disposed along the first surface. The connector contacts couple to terminals disposed along the lead when the lead is received by the lead retainer and the lead-connector housing is in the closed position. Operating-room-cable conductors are coupled to the connector contacts and extend along the elongated body.

Abstract: Implantable devices and/or sensors can be wirelessly powered by controlling and propagating electromagnetic waves in a patient's tissue. Such implantable devices/sensors can be implanted at target locations in a patient, to stimulate areas such as the heart, brain, spinal cord, or muscle tissue, and/or to sense biological, physiological, chemical attributes of the blood, tissue, and other patient parameters. The propagating electromagnetic waves can be generated with sub-wavelength structures configured to manipulate evanescent fields outside of tissue to generate the propagating waves inside the tissue. Methods of use are also described.

Abstract: Configurations are described for utilizing light-activated proteins within cell membranes and subcellular regions to assist with medical treatment paradigms, such as hypertension treatment via anatomically specific and temporally precise modulation of renal plexus activity. The invention provides for proteins, nucleic acids, vectors and methods for genetically targeted expression of light-sensitive proteins to specific cells or defined cell populations. In particular the invention provides systems, devices, and methods for millisecond-timescale temporal control of certain cell activities using moderate light intensities, such as the generation or inhibition of electrical spikes in nerve cells and other excitable cells.

Abstract: An intraluminal activation system for activating an inactive agent includes a catheter defining an inflation lumen and a medical device lumen. A longitudinal distal segment of the catheter defines a transparent treatment region. An inflation balloon is disposed at the distal end of the catheter and over at least a portion of the transparent treatment region. An elongate energy transmission wire is configured to transmit activation energy from a proximal end thereof to a distal end thereof. The activation system has a configuration in which the balloon is expanded, the energy transmission wire is received within the medical device lumen such that the distal end of the energy transmission wire is within the transparent treatment region, and activation energy is emitted from the energy transmission wire, through the transparent treatment region, through the balloon, and toward the inactive agent.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and apparatus for the treatment of dermatological conditions, including, for example, viral infections, microbial infections, cancers, dermatological conditions and particularly infections of the skin caused by human papillomavirus (HPV).

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure are drawn to methods of forming an applicator body of an applicator for insertion into an anatomical cavity of a patient for delivering a treatment to the patient. In some instances, the method may include receiving a first three-dimensional image of the anatomical cavity, which was generated while the anatomical cavity contained an expandable container adjacent a tissue region of the patient, and while the expandable container was filled with fluid such that the container was expanded to substantially conform to the shape of at least a portion of the tissue region. The method also may include isolating, from the first three-dimensional image, a first sub-image corresponding to an image of the filled expanded container. The method further may include using the first sub-image as a design template for forming the applicator body for use with the patient.

Abstract: The invention provides for a medical instrument (200, 300, 400, 500, 502, 600, 700, 702, 800, 802) comprising a LINAC guided by a magnetic resonance imaging system (204). Execution of the instructions by processor to controlling the medical instrument cause the processor to: receive (100) a treatment plan (260) for irradiating the target zone; modify (102) the treatment plan in accordance with an X-ray transmission model of an accessory; acquire (104) magnetic resonance data using the magnetic resonance imaging system; reconstruct (106) a magnetic resonance image (268) from the magnetic resonance data; register (108) a location (272) of the target zone in the magnetic resonance image; generate (110) control signals (274) in accordance with the location of the target zone and the X-ray transmission model; and control (112) the LINAC to irradiate the target zone using the control signals.

Abstract: A treatment device is constituted of: an ultrasonic vibration element unit; a probe unit that can be attached or detached by rotating the ultrasonic vibration element unit, transmits ultrasonic vibration generated by the ultrasonic vibration element unit to a distal end side, and gives a treatment; a handle unit that has the probe unit penetrating therethrough and is configured to hold the probe unit so that its distal end extends; and a protruding portion provided to prevent the probe unit and the handle unit from relatively revolving around an axis of the probe, the handle unit including the probe unit that transmits the ultrasonic vibration and being attachable to/detachable from the ultrasonic vibration element unit.

Abstract: An electro-mechanical surgical device, system and/or method may include a housing, at least two opposing jaw, and at least one electrical contact associated with at least one of the jaws. The electrical contact may include at least one of a bipolar electrical contact and an ultrasonic electrical contact. The electrical contact may be a row of electrodes located on one or all of the jaws. A sensor may also be associated with any tissue located between the jaws to sense and report the temperature of that tissue. A pierceable ampulla containing fluid may also be placed on at least one of the jaws so that the fluid is releasable when the jaws are in closed position and the electrode(s) pass through the tissue into the pierceable ampulla.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of 4-aminobutyric acid, also referred to as gamma-aminobutyric acid, in short GABA, to a process for the production of an extract comprising 4-aminobutyric acid, to a process for the preparation of a cosmetic formulation comprising 4-aminobutyric acid, and to the use of Cyanidium caldarium cells or cell components in cosmetic applications.

Abstract: The invention relates to a laminar structure (10) providing adaptive thermal insulation, comprising a first layer (12), a second layer (14), at least one cavity (16) provided in between the first layer (12) and the second layer (14), the cavity (16) being enclosed by a water vapor permeable and at least temporarily gas impermeable envelope (20); a gas generating agent (18) having an unactivated configuration and an activated configuration, the gas generating agent (18) being adapted to change from the unactivated configuration to the activated configuration, such as to increase a gas pressure inside the cavity (16), in response to an increase in temperature in the cavity (16), the first layer (12), the second layer (14) and the cavity (16) being arranged such that a distance (d) between the first layer (12) and the second layer (14) increases in response to the increase in gas pressure inside the cavity (16).

Abstract: A chemical oxygen generator with enhanced structural integrity. In some embodiments, the chemical core of the chemical oxygen generator is reinforced with one or more reinforcing structures that are integral with the core. In some embodiments, as the core burns, the one or more reinforcing structures become fused with the core.

Abstract: A remotely attachable personal fall arrestment apparatus includes a self-retracting lanyard (SRL) having an upwardly protruding carabineer connector ring which has a gate link that is pivotable open to expose a downwardly protruding upper front hook link which is attachable to an anchor member such as a rebar or bolt eye located above a work site, and a lifeline retractably extendable downwardly from the SRL and releasably attachable to a safety body-harness worn by a worker The apparatus includes an SRL remote attachment device comprising a pole having an upper end which supports the connector ring, and a gate link operating mechanism that has a flexible cable deployed downwardly along the pole and having a lower end which may be grasped and tensioned to open the gate link and enable the hook link hook an anchor member, and released to allow a spring to close and lock the gate link.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods for determining whether a fire condition exists based on a status of a cooking appliance, and systems, devices, and methods for controlling an exhaust air flow rate in an exhaust air ventilation system based on the status of the cooking appliance. At least one sensor type generating a predefined signal is used to detect fire condition and appliance cooking state, the predefined signal being applied to a controller which differentiates, responsively the predefined signal, in combination with other sensor signals, at least two cooking states each of the cooking states corresponding to at least two exhaust flow rates which the controller implements in response to the controller's differentiation of the two states and which predefined signal is simultaneously used to differentiate a fire condition, in response to the differentiation of which, the same controller activates a fire suppression mechanism.

Abstract: A method of suppressing, reducing and/or extinguishing a subterranean fire comprising contacting the subterranean fire with a fire-suppression composition comprising a carrier agent and a flame-retardant salt. A method of treating a peat fire comprising locating one or more hot spots associated with the peat fire, preparing an aqueous solution of a fire-suppression composition comprising guar and monoammonium phosphate, wherein a ratio of guar to monoammonium phosphate is about 30:70; and contacting the peat fire with the aqueous solution.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for passive non-electrical dual stage fire suppression according to various aspects of the present invention include detecting a fire with a first active fire suppressant unit and changing the status of a second fire suppressant unit from “stand-by” to “active” when the first fire suppressant unit releases a fire suppressant agent. After the first fire suppressant unit has released its fire suppressant agent, the second fire suppressant unit may detect a continued and/or a new fire and release a second fire suppressant agent in response to the detection.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a fire extinguishing composition containing saccharide and a saccharide derivative, comprising a saccharide derivative, a saccharide material and an auxiliary fire extinguishing agent, whose mass percentages are respectively: saccharide derivative 30%-60%, saccharide material 10%-40%, and auxiliary fire extinguishing agent 10%-30%. The fire extinguishing composition uses a pyrotechnic agent as a heat source and a power source, is heated and decomposed or reacts by using the heat of burning of the pyrotechnic agent, to generate a fire extinguishing material to be sprayed together with the fireworks agent, thereby achieving the fire extinguishing purpose. The fire extinguishing composition of the present disclosure uses a saccharide derivative and a saccharide material as primary ingredients, uses a pyrotechnic agent as a heat source and a power source, and is easily decomposed after being heated to generate non-toxic and harmless gas.

Abstract: Disclosed in the present invention is a metallic oxysalt fire extinguishing composition; the fire extinguishing composition comprises a metallic oxysalt compound and a flame-retardant extinguishing component, their proportion being respectively as follows: 30%-95% of the metallic oxysalt compound and 5%-70% of the flame-retardant extinguishing component. A pyrotechnic composition is used as the heat source and the power source of the fire extinguishing composition in the present invention, by igniting the pyrotechnic composition, the fire extinguishing composition being heated and subjected to a decomposition reaction by using high temperature generated by means of combustion of the pyrotechnic composition, large quantities of substances capable of extinguishing fire being generated, and the fire extinguishing substances along with the pyrotechnic composition being ejected from the nozzle of a fire extinguishing apparatus, thus achieving the purpose of extinguishing fire.

Abstract: A sports training device designed for attachment to the shaft of a swinging sports apparatus, such as a golf club, tennis racket, baseball bat, hockey stick, or any other sports apparatus that is intended to be swung while playing a sport. The training device generally includes a drag panel/chute/airfoil, two (2) distinct connection points to the sports apparatus, and a support rod is disposed between the connection points substantially parallel to the shaft of the sports apparatus and to the length of the drag panel. The connection points include coupling mechanisms (e.g., pipe clips, snap clamps, etc.) that allow for 360° rotation about the sports apparatus. In use, the drag panel provides additional air resistance during the swinging of the sports apparatus.

Abstract: Provided are an upper limb rehabilitation robot including: a sensing member that is mounted and fixed to an upper limb of a user and captures motion of the upper limb according to a movement intention of the user; a motion control unit that is electrically connected to the sensing member, calculates a movement direction, a distance or angle, a speed, and an auxiliary force (target value) needed for the upper limb to move, intended by the upper limb, based on the motion captured by using the sensing member, and generates and outputs a control signal according to the calculated movement direction, distance or angle, speed, and auxiliary force (target value); and a multi-joint robot, to an end of an arm of which the sensing member is coupled, wherein the multi-joint robot guides movement of the upper limb fixed to the sensing member to selectively move or rotate toward a food tray placed at a designated position of a table along an X-axis, a Y-axis, or a Z-axis and provides an assistance force to the upper limb.

Abstract: A rehabilitation machine can have a chassis with actuators positioned behind a patient area. The actuators can have supports projecting toward the patient area and can have respective adapters shaped to engage the legs of a patient at the thigh, the calf, and the foot while the patient is in a standing or walking posture. The actuators can also have motors, transition elements, and linkages connected to apply moments through the adapters to achieve, for each leg, hip adduction/abduction, hip flexion/extension, knee flexion/extension, and foot plantar flexion/dorsiflexion according to signals from a controller. The actuators can be confined to a space, largely behind the patient, such that free arm swing is permitted when the patient is attached.

Abstract: An exercise device, which facilitates use of elastic bands, includes (a) a substantially planar base member configured to lay or be mounted on the floor, mounted on a wall or mounted on another piece of exercise apparatus; (b) at least one elongate upstanding post member affixed to the base member and extending substantially perpendicular to it; and (c) at least two elongate bars affixed to the post member and extending substantially parallel to each other and to the base member. The device, so configured, allows one or more exercise bands to be wrapped about the bars for quick and easy attachment to the fixed object (floor, wall or other device) to permit exercise with such bands.

Abstract: A torsion bar includes a housing and at least one inner core. The housing has a receiving space, two opposite fixing grooves defined in a sidewall of the housing and communicating with the receiving space, and a plurality of stripes positioned at an outer surface thereof. The inner core is received in the receiving space, and includes two opposite fixing elements corresponding to the fixing grooves. Each of the fixing elements includes a plurality of first protruding portions located at a side end thereof to facilitate a user to disengage from the housing, and a plurality of second protruding portions located at a surface thereof adjacent to the side end to prevent the inner core from disengaging accidently from the housing. A cross-section of the receiving space is similar to a cross-section of the inner core.

Abstract: An exercise apparatus is provided where a user selectively changes the amount of effort required to operate the machine on demand without interrupting the workout. A manual shifting process allows the user to selectively change the amount of resistance with the gravity included positioning of a resistance weight on a lever arm.

Abstract: A securing device includes a cover member having a first surface, a second surface disposed opposite the first surface, a first end, and a second end disposed opposite the first end, a resilient member, and a first friction region disposed on the first surface of the cover member. The resilient member is at least partially disposed between the first surface and the second surface of the cover member and is movable between at least a first resting configuration and a second resting configuration. The cover member is adapted to at least partially wrap around an elongated bar when the resilient member is positioned in the second configuration such that the friction region contacts the elongated bar and exerts a frictional force thereon to limit movement of the cover member in an axial direction of the elongated bar.

Abstract: Apparatus (10) for performing an arm curl exercise comprising: a frame (12), a seat (16), an elbow pad (19) an input arm assembly (24) interconnected to a resistance mechanism (42) and a manually graspable mechanism (30h), the seat (16) being arranged relative to the input arm assembly (24) to position the user in a user start position (USP) that enables the user to manually engage the manually graspable mechanism (30h) with a posterior surface (PSE) of the user's elbow user's elbow (13e) engaged with the engaging surface (ES) of the elbow pad (19), the input arm assembly comprising a first arm (30r) and a second arm (30f) pivotable around a first linear axis (AA).

Abstract: An exercise apparatus includes foot docking station comprising a base plate pivotally fixed to a back plate at a hinge. The back plate includes a central pivot rotationally fixed with a foot plate that includes a shin engagement mechanism for engaging the shins of the person. The foot docking station further includes a first receiver for engaging a lower bench. At least one distal leg is fixed with the lower bench at a rotational leg mount, the lower bench including a second receiver for engaging an upper bench. At least one proximal leg is fixed with the upper bench at another rotational leg mount. A top side of the upper bench includes a track upon which a bench trolley slides. The bench trolley includes at least one cushion, a pair of laterally extending handles, and at least a first pair of wheels that engage the track.

Abstract: A self-compensating tire compression device is provided for use with a trainer. The device attaches to a frame, such as a bicycle, that holds the axis of a driving wheel fixed. The device has a pivoting portion that presses a driven portion of a resistance device against the driving wheel. The pivoting point of the pivoting portion is located on the trainer to provide a static contact pressure between the driving wheel and the driven wheel, and when the driving wheel begins to rotate and the resistance device begins to resist the rotation, the contact pressure between the driving wheel and the driven wheel increases to prevent slippage between the two wheels.

Abstract: A pull exercise training device has a frame body, a reel including a shaft, a rolling wheel, a driver pulley wheel and at least one mainspring, a band connected to the rolling wheel with an end, a load force device including a first axle through a flywheel and a driven pulley wheel, a one way clutch disposed between the first axle and the flywheel, a belt winding around the driver pulley wheel and the driven pulley wheel, a generator set, and a control circuit having a controller electrically connected to a resistor, an armature, and an interface for operation.

Abstract: This invention discloses an elliptical exercise apparatus that is characterized in having left and right tracks disposed in a guider frame which is pivotally coupled to a rear portion of the elliptical exercise apparatus. When a user uses the elliptical exercise apparatus, the guider frame is at a use position. When the user folds the elliptical exercise apparatus, the guider frame is at a storage position. A user can complete folding procedure merely by operating the guider frame without lifting some heavy components of the elliptical exercise apparatus.

Abstract: A squat rack includes a frame, a lifting unit, a body support unit, an elastic unit and a tread unit. The frame includes a horizontal portion, a vertical portion connected to the horizontal portion, and a handle connected to the vertical portion. The lifting unit is pivotally connected to the frame. The body support unit is connected to an upper portion of the lifting unit. The elastic unit is provided between the frame and the lifting unit and adapted for raising the lifting unit from the frame. The tread unit is connected to the horizontal portion of the frame, between the handle and the body support unit in a horizontal direction. While exercising, a user can set his or her feet on the tread unit, hold the handle with his or her hands, and lean on the lifting unit to gain support from the elastic unit.

Abstract: An exercise attachment apparatus including a pair of spaced vertically disposed hollow base supports having a plurality of spaced first apertures. A horizontally disposed cross support has a plurality of spaced second apertures and is attached to the pair of base supports with a pair of screws slidably securable through one of the plurality of first apertures and one of the plurality of second apertures. One of a pair of tubular sleeves is continuously disposed through one of a pair of openings disposed through the pair of base supports. One of a pair of tubular rods is slidably engageable through one of the pair of sleeves. One of a pair of hooks is attached to a front side of one of the pair of base supports, and one of a pair of padded supports is slidably moveable along one of the pair of rods.

Abstract: A fitness system for enhancing the effectiveness and efficiency of physical training and/or exercise by a user comprises uses (1) a plurality of sensors that are worn by an exercising user and which generate data concerning monitored body processes pertaining to the exercise's effects on the user's body, (2) a processor operates under software control for processing, storing, and analyzing the data, and sending the processed data to a host device using a wireless communication protocol to communicate desired adjustments to the exercise in real time. The host device can be a smartphone, tablet computer or other web accessible device that can display and communicate bilaterally with the processor.

Abstract: The proposed apparatus and method relate to restorative sports medicine and patient rehabilitation with neurological motoric disorders. A patient is positioned in equilibrium by suspension devices for patient's body parts. The suspension devices are moved by actuating mechanisms with an electro-pneumatic drive and actuating components, controlled by a programmed computer, motivating the patient by controlling an object in a virtual gaming environment, to restore movements when there is an initially minimal or a complete absence of physical activity. The effectiveness is judged according to the reduction of energy consumption of the drives. The apparatus includes a base composed of two parallel guides with movable crossbars, on which the actuating mechanisms are pairwise movably arranged, monitoring and control units, the computer, sensors detecting the state of the actuating mechanisms, and power sources.

Abstract: A dual-security buckle device includes a female buckle, a male buckle, and a reinforcement buckle. The female buckle is used to connect the counter of a flipper. The male buckle is used to connect a rope of the flipper. The female buckle main body has a buckle hole. The male buckle has a lock portion. The lock portion of the male buckle is inserted into the buckle hole of the female buckle to achieve the first fastening. The reinforcement buckle is turned to fasten the lock portion of the male buckle tightly to achieve the second fastening. The present invention can enhance the reliability of the buckle device with a dual-buckle design. The present invention is safe and beneficial for a stable connection, not disengagement.

Abstract: A golf ball in which a surface of a sphere is divided into a plurality of spherical polyhedrons and dimples are formed in each divided surface. A discontinuous annular dimple is formed over two or more of the dimples. The discontinuous annular dimple is substantially formed in a ring shape and a concave indented from a surface of the golf ball and a land portion formed as the same plane as the surface of the golf ball are alternately arranged in a direction along a circumference of a ring.

Abstract: Golf balls comprising a multi-layer core and a cover are disclosed. The multi-layer core comprises at least three layers, including at least one thermoset layer and at least one thermoplastic layer. The innermost core layer is relatively small, having a diameter of from 0.50 inches to 1.30 inches, and has a plurality of projections disposed thereon.

Abstract: In a golf ball having a core of at least one layer and a cover of at least one layer, at least one core or cover layer contains a butyl rubber ionomer. A method of manufacturing golf balls having a core of at least one layer and a cover of at least one layer includes the steps of preparing a treatment solution of butyl rubber ionomer dissolved in a solvent, applying the treatment solution to at least one layer of the golf ball, and covering the treated layer with, as an outer layer adjoining thereto, a rubber layer, a resin layer or a paint layer. With this golf ball and golf ball manufacturing method, adhesion between the layers can be improved, enabling the durability of the ball to cracking on impact to be increased.

Abstract: An adjustable golf club putter head is disclosed herein. The putter head includes a removable alignment feature that can be swapped with a different alignment feature to change the alignment pattern, and a removable divider piece that contrasts with the alignment feature and can be swapped with different divider pieces to affect the cosmetics of the putter head and also adjust the putter head's mass properties.

Abstract: A golf club head includes a face; a body, the body defining an interior and an exterior; the face and the body together defining a center of gravity, the center of gravity being proximate the face; a coefficient of restitution feature defined in the body; wherein the coefficient of restitution feature defines a gap in the body. A golf club head includes a face and a golf club body; the face and the golf club body defining a center of gravity, the center of gravity defined a distance, ?z, from a ground plane as measured along a z-axis, the center of gravity defined a distance, CGy, from the center face along the y-axis.

Abstract: A golf club head including a strikeplate including a strikeplate stiffness, a strikeface, and backface opposite the strikeface. The head also includes a modulation mechanism at the backface, a plurality of frequency modulators, and a plurality of anti-stiffening features interspersed between the plurality of frequency modulators. The plurality of frequency modulators reduces an oscillation frequency of the strikeplate upon impact with a golf ball. The plurality of anti-stiffening features permit flexing of the strikeplate between the plurality of frequency modulators.

Abstract: Embodiments of golf club heads and methods to manufacture golf club heads are generally described herein. In one example, a golf club head may include a body portion and a plurality of weight portions. The body portion may include a front portion, a rear portion, a toe portion, a heel portion, a top portion, a bottom portion having a plurality of ports. Each port of the plurality of ports may be configured to receive a weight portion of the plurality of weight portions. The plurality of ports may include a first set of ports and a second set of ports. Other examples and embodiments may be described and claimed.

Abstract: The present invention is a unique advanced hybrid iron type golf club. The club is characterized by a long heel blade length section, while having a small club moment arm, Zcg, and volume. The golf club incorporates the discovery of unique relationships among key club head engineering variables.