Abstract: Method for encapsulating a microelectronic device, comprising the following steps: producing a sacrificial portion covering the device; producing a cover covering the sacrificial portion, comprising two superimposed layers of separate materials and having different residual stresses and/or coefficients of thermal expansion; etching, through the cover, of a trench of which the pattern comprises a curve and/or two straight non-parallel segments; etching of the sacrificial portion through the trench; depositing a sealing material on the trench; in which, during the etching of the sacrificial portion, a portion of the cover defined by the trench deforms under the effect of a mechanical stress generated by the residual stresses and/or a thermal expansion of the layers of the cover and increases the dimensions of the trench, this stress being eliminated before the sealing of the trench.

Abstract: The present invention provides a catalyst composition for producing hydrogen and preparation method and use thereof, wherein the catalyst composition comprises a catalytic component and a supporter having a pyrochlore structure. By using the catalyst composition of the present invention, carbon deposition can be reduced and the oxidative steam reforming of ethanol could be operated for a long period of time with high ethanol conversion rate and selectivity of hydrogen.

Abstract: A system and method for processing unconditioned syngas first removes solids and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC), then removes volatile organic compounds (VOC), and then removes at least one sulfur containing compound from the syngas. Additional processing may be performed depending on such factors as the source of syngas being processed, the products, byproducts and intermediate products desired to be formed, captured or recycled and environmental considerations.

Abstract: A system and method for processing unconditioned syngas first removes solids and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC), then removes volatile organic compounds (VOC), and then removes at least one sulfur containing compound from the syngas. Additional processing may be performed depending on such factors as the source of syngas being processed, the products, byproducts and intermediate products desired to be formed, captured or recycled and environmental considerations.

Abstract: The present invention provides a heterogeneous metal-free Fenton catalyst, a method for preparing the same and use thereof. The catalyst is a carbon-based material surface-bonded with halogenated quinones, wherein the carbon-based material has synergistic action with halogenated quinones. The catalyst is prepared by grafting halogenated quinones onto the carbon-based material, or feeding chlorine during the carbonation process of the carbon-based material for oxidization. The production of hydroxyl radicals by using the catalyst has a low cost and a safe, simple and convenient process. The conditions for producing hydroxyl radicals are mild, without any secondary pollution. Moreover, the radical production has a high, continuous and stable yield, and the hydroxyl radicals can be effectively produced by using no chemicals which are harmful to human bodies, without any side product and any additional substances which are difficult to separate.

Abstract: A value inheritance widget system includes a display device including a user interface, and a value impact engine coupled to the display device. The value impact engine is configured to display at least one widget on a user interface. The widget includes a value. The value comprises an inherited value. The value impact engine is further configured to display information of a scope of inheritance of the value before user interaction with the widget. The information of the scope of inheritance of the value includes a number of inheritance levels of the value and a number of objects impacted by a change to the value. The value impact engine is further configured to receive a user input changing the value of the widget and change the value of the widget and the objects in response to receiving the user input.

Abstract: A silicon nitride substrate including silicon nitride crystal grains and a grain boundary phase and having a thermal conductivity of 50 W/m·K or more, wherein, in a sectional structure of the silicon nitride substrate, a ratio (T2/T1) of a total length T2 of the grain boundary phase in a thickness direction with respect to a thickness T1 of the silicon nitride substrate is 0.01 to 0.30, and a variation from a dielectric strength mean value when measured by a four-terminal method in which electrodes are brought into contact with a front and a rear surfaces of the substrate is 20% or less. The dielectric strength mean value of the silicon nitride substrate can be 15 kV/rum or more. According to above structure, there can be obtained a silicon nitride substrate and a silicon nitride circuit board using the substrate in which variation in the dielectric strength is decreased.

Abstract: Disclosed are Niobium Nitride film forming compositions, methods of synthesizing the same, and methods of forming Niobium Nitride films on one or more substrates via vapor deposition processes using the Niobium Nitride film forming precursors.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure pertain to scalable methods of producing carbon quantum dots with desired bandgaps by the following steps: exposing a carbon source to an oxidant at a reaction temperature, where the exposing results in the formation of the carbon quantum dots; and selecting a desired size of the formed carbon quantum dots. In some embodiments, the selecting occurs by at least one of separating the desired size of the formed carbon quantum dots from other formed carbon quantum dots; selecting the reaction temperature that produces the desired size of the formed carbon quantum dots; and combinations of such steps. The desired size of carbon quantum dots can include a size range. The methods of the present disclosure can also include a step of purifying the formed carbon quantum dots prior to selecting a desired size.

Abstract: Disclosed are a porous graphene member having through-holes formed therein, a method for manufacturing the porous graphene member, and an apparatus for manufacturing the porous graphene member using the method. The method comprises: introducing a carbon source and a substitution reaction source into a deposition furnace; thermally decomposing the carbon source and the substitution reaction source simultaneously to generate carbon atoms and substitution atoms, respectively, wherein the carbon atoms are deposited on a substrate present within the deposition furnace to form a graphene film consisting of a monoatomic layer structure, and during the deposition of carbon atoms, the substitution atoms not only interfere with covalent bonds between the carbon atoms to cause crystal defects, but also substitute for parts of the carbon atoms to in situ form through-holes in the graphene, thereby creating the porous graphene member; and releasing the porous graphene member from the substrate.

Abstract: This is generally a method of producing graphene-containing suspensions of flakes of high quality graphene/graphite oxides and method of producing graphene/graphite oxides. Both the exfoliating graphite into flakes and oxidizing the graphite flakes and the preparation and suspension of the flakes can be done with high volume production and at a low cost.

Abstract: Method and apparatus of making 99.99% pure gaseous carbon monoxide comprising the steps of degassing liquid formic acid producing degassed liquid formic acid; reacting the degassed liquid formic acid or a degassed gaseous formic acid with a liquid mineral acid at an elevated temperature producing a gas phase comprising carbon monoxide gas and water vapor and a liquid phase; condensing the gas phase producing liquid water and gaseous carbon monoxide; scrubbing the carbon monoxide gas producing a gaseous 99.99% pure carbon monoxide having a purity of at least 99.99%, and, compressing the gaseous 99.99% pure carbon monoxide producing the 99.

Abstract: An ammonia-producing system comprises a reactor that catalytically converts nitrogen and hydrogen feed gases to ammonia to form a reaction mixture of the ammonia, unreacted nitrogen gas, and unreacted hydrogen gas. A feed system feeds the nitrogen and hydrogen gases to the reactor at a reaction pressure of from about 9 to about 100 atmospheres. A reactor control system controls the temperature during conversion of the nitrogen and hydrogen to ammonia by maintaining a reaction temperature of from about 330° C. to about 550° C. An absorbent selectively absorbs at least a portion of the ammonia from the reaction mixture, and an absorbent control system controls one or both of a temperature and pressure at the absorbent during selective absorption of the ammonia from the reaction mixture. A recycle line downstream of the absorbent recycles the unreacted nitrogen and unreacted hydrogen to the reactor.

Abstract: The object of the disclosure is to provide a method for efficiently producing fine particles with low crystal growth of the raw material components, in particular fine particles with a plurality of raw material components in a highly complexed state and having low crystal growth, without blockage of the nozzle. The method of the disclosure for producing particles includes injecting a good solvent solution that includes a good solvent and one or more raw material components dissolved in the good solvent, with a nozzle into a precipitating poor solvent that has been heated to a temperature higher than the boiling point of the good solvent, to evaporate the good solvent solution and precipitate a plurality of particles, and running a cleansing poor solvent through the nozzle before starting and after completing injection of the good solvent solution into the precipitating poor solvent.

Abstract: An X-ray amorphous magnesium carbonate is disclosed that is characterized by a cumulative pore volume of pores with a diameter smaller than 10 nm of at least 0.018 cm3/g, and a specific surface areas of at least 60 m2/g. The X-ray amorphous magnesium carbonate is produced by reacting an inorganic magnesium compound with alcohol in a CO2 atmosphere. The X-ray amorphous magnesium carbonate can be a powder or a pellet and acts as a desiccant in, for example, production of food, chemicals or pharmaceuticals.

Abstract: According to various aspects and embodiments, a system and method for treating, storing, and delivering one or more liquids is provided. The systems and methods may utilize a water treatment assembly comprising a tank that includes an internal flow structure, a telescopic fitting, and a multi-port head fitting.

Abstract: A flocculation control system that floats particles that attach to nano and/or micro bubbles out of a liquid includes at least one sensing system, at least one processing system, and at least one fluid additive control system. The at least one sensing system is configured to reproduce one or more nano-bubbles with one or more particles suspended in a fluid. The at least one processing system is configured to measure, using outputs of the at least one sensing system, incident angles between the one or more nano-bubbles and the one or more particles suspended in the fluid. And the at least one fluid additive control system is configured to adjust, based on at least the incident angles, an amount of a surfactant being added to the fluid.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide a reverse osmosis system including a feed water inlet, a reverse osmosis module coupled to the feed water inlet, and at least one blend valve. The blend valve can be coupled to a permeate outlet and the feed water inlet can be capable of blending the feed water and the permeate water to produce mixed water. The blend valve can be adjusted to achieve a desired TDS level in the mixed water.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a garbage dehumidifying device and a method thereof, wherein the garbage dehumidifying device comprises the following: an airtight first chamber (1) provided therein with the wet waste, a heater (14) for heating said first chamber, an airtight second chamber (8) connected with the first chamber so as to maintain the vacuum communication and a vacuum pump (10) connected to at least one of said chambers for creating vacuum inside said chambers.

Abstract: A carrier gas is directed through a humidification chamber in a humidifier, where the carrier gas flow is directly contacted with a feed liquid to humidify the carrier gas with water evaporated from the feed liquid, producing a humidified gas flow. The humidified gas flow is then compressed in a compressor and then directed through a dehumidification chamber in a dehumidifier, where the compressed humidified gas flow is dehumidified to condense water from the compressed humidified gas flow. The dehumidified gas flow is then expanded in an expander, wherein the expansion of the dehumidified gas flow generates motion (e.g., rotation of a shaft), and wherein the motion generated in the expander is transferred to the compressor, where the motion compresses the humidified gas flow. Heat is also removed from the expanded dehumidified gas flow and transferred to compressed dehumidified gas flow upstream from the expander.

Abstract: A solar powered highly efficient modular and scalable desalinization plant, using a typical thermal evaporation desalination unit, hydrogen fuel cells, heat-exchangers, hydride-tanks with a control-manifold with input/output selector, hydrogen generation and a solar power source providing low-cost per unit of potable water and low maintenance. Hydrogen Storage and a fuel cell providing combined heat and power enables the plant to operate continuously.

Abstract: A non-chemical sanitation system for a body of water comprises a floating base, an internal hydro-electric power generator, and one or more sanitizing mechanisms electrically powered by the hydro-electric power generator, where the hydro-electric power generator derives its energy from water pressure produced by a pool pump. In some embodiments, the one or more non-chemical sanitizing mechanisms comprise one or more ultraviolet LED lights. In some embodiments, the one or more non-chemical sanitizing mechanisms comprise one or more ionizers. In some embodiments, the system is connected to a filter pipe and filter of a pool and the hydro-electric power generator is placed within the path of water flowing to the pool filter in order to generate power and power the one or more sanitizing mechanisms.

Abstract: Two or more reverse osmosis filtration units are assembled together such that rectification of the retentate and permeate streams is provided.

Abstract: A process produces salt by way of strong brine concentration after sea water desalination by using a two-way circulation method and bromine extraction. The process includes the following steps: A, preparing fresh water and strong brine from sea water in a high-pressure reverse osmosis unit by using a reverse osmosis method, wherein the concentration of the prepared strong brine is 70000 to 80000 PPM; and B, performing fresh and concentrated separation on the strong brine with the concentration of 70000 to 80000 PPM in a two-way circulation manner by using a concentration difference method till the strong brine is crystallized.

Abstract: Systems and methods for treating water are provided. The systems and methods may utilize an electrochemical water treatment device comprising ion exchange membranes. In certain systems and methods, a concentrate stream and a dilution stream may be in fluid communication with ion exchange membranes. The ion exchange membranes may be configured to provide a ratio of a pH of the concentrate stream and a pH of the dilution stream to be less than about 1.0. In some instances, the LSI of the concentrate stream may be less than or about 1.0. In certain instances, the electrochemical water treatment device does not require a reverse polarity cycle.

Abstract: Apparatus includes treatment chamber including at least one outlet for exit of electrochemically treated liquid, and a liquid disperser having a plurality of liquid passageways, wherein each said liquid passageway includes at least one inlet to the treatment chamber for entry of a liquid to be treated; and a plurality of electrodes positioned within the treatment chamber for electrochemical treatment of the liquid.

Abstract: The disclosure generally relates to reactive electrochemical membranes (REMs); and in particular, to asymmetric reactive electrochemical membranes to be used for aqueous separations and membrane fouling regeneration.

Abstract: A liquid treatment unit includes: a treatment tank provided with an inlet and an outlet, the treatment tank having a shape that allows a portion of liquid to be retained; a controller that controls supply of liquid into the treatment tank and ejection of liquid from the treatment tank; and a plasma generator generates plasma in the liquid inside the treatment tank. The plasma generator generates plasma while the controller stops supply of liquid and ejection of liquid. After the liquid has been treated, the controller resumes the supply of liquid, and causes the liquid to be ejected from the treatment tank while allowing a portion of the treated liquid to be retained inside the treatment tank.

Abstract: A method for providing a safe and healthy water and water-based product, comprising: testing pretreated reverse osmosis water to determine whether it meets a first set of pre-defined specifications; introducing a pre-defined nutrient composition into the water, wherein the predefined nutrient composition comprising one or more of mineral nutrients, trace elements and nutritional supplements; testing the water to determine whether it meets a second set of predefined specifications; and disinfecting the water along with its container by UV irradiation from a UV light source to obtain a water product.

Abstract: A method of treating water to oxidize organic contaminants comprises heat transfer system includes heating liquid water to a temperature of at least 190° F. at a pressure to keep the heated water in a liquid phase, and contacting the heated water with oxygen and an oxidation catalyst including a noble metal on a porous support comprising a bi-modal pore size distribution including pore sizes from 1 nm to 20 nm and pore sizes from 100 nm to 1000 nm. The resulting catalytic oxidation of the organic contaminants results in the release of gaseous reaction products resulting from the oxidation reaction, which are separated from the treated water in a phase separator to produce a treated water final product.

Abstract: A system and method for automatically controlling aeration and mixing processes are disclosed.

Abstract: Described are a method and apparatus for the biological treatment of wastewater in an activated sludge process that use a primary separator to produce a pretreated wastewater, a pressurized aeration tank which has a headspace pressure of between about 1 and about 10 psi, and a secondary separator to separate mixed liquor from the aeration tank into an activated sludge component and a clarified liquor component. The aeration tank has a rectangular or square base and may be cuboid. Embodiments contemplate making a package plant, and may use a screening tank, a membrane separator, air eductors to aerate a return activated sludge, and multiplier nozzles to introduce the return activated sludge into the aeration tank. The apparatus has a small footprint, is simple in design, and is low maintenance.

Abstract: Treatment of films by laser annealing; particularly for silicon films in magnetron sputtering and continuous plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition.

Abstract: Substantially alkali free glasses are disclosed with can be used to produce substrates for flat panel display devices, e.g., active-matrix liquid crystal displays (AMLCDs). The glasses have high annealing temperatures and etch rates. Methods for producing substantially alkali free glasses using a downdraw process (e.g., a fusion process) are also disclosed. Consumer electronic products comprising glass sheets are also disclosed.

Abstract: A thermally tempered glass element is provided made of glass with two opposite faces that are under compressive stress of at least 40 MPa. The glass has a working point at which the glass has a viscosity of 104 dPa·s of at most 1350° C. The glass has a viscosity versus temperature profile and a coefficient of thermal expansion versus temperature profile of the glass are such that a variable (750° C.?T13)/(CTELiq?CTESol) has a value of at most 5*106 K2. The CTELiq is a coefficient of linear thermal expansion of the glass above a glass transition temperature Tg, the CTESol is a coefficient of linear thermal expansion of the glass in a temperature range from 20° C. to 300° C., and the T13 is a temperature at which the glass has a viscosity of 1013 dPa·s.

Abstract: An optical glass which is suitable for mold press molding. The optical glass contains, in weight %, 10-25% of B2O3, 30-60% of P2O5, 0-5% of Al2O3, 0.1-10% of Li2O, 0-15% of SrO, 10-50% of BaO, 0-12% of ZnO, 0-5% of Y2O3 and 0-5% of Gd2O3, while not containing La2O3.

Abstract: The invention relates to glass articles suitable for use as electronic device housing/cover glass which comprise a glass ceramic material. Particularly, a cover glass comprising an ion-exchanged glass ceramic exhibiting the following attributes (1) optical transparency, as defined by greater than 90% transmission at 400-750 nm; (2) a fracture toughness of greater than 0.6 MPa·m1/2; (3) a 4-point bend strength of greater than 350 MPa; (4) a Vickers hardness of at least 450 kgf/mm2 and a Vickers median/radial crack initiation threshold of at least 5 kgf; (5) a Young's Modulus ranging between about 50 to 100 GPa; (6) a thermal conductivity of less than 2.0 W/m° C., and (7) and at least one of the following attributes: (i) a compressive surface layer having a depth of layer (DOL) greater and a compressive stress greater than 400 MPa, or, (ii) a central tension of more than 20 MPa.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a substrate comprising an ion-implanted layer, for example a cation, wherein the ion implanted layer has a uniform distribution of the implanted ions at a significantly greater depth than previously possible. The invention further comprises said substrate wherein the substrate is a silicon based substrate, such as glass. The invention also comprises the use of said material as a waveguide and the use of said material in measurement devices.

Abstract: A process is shown for manufacturing a milk of lime of great fineness which includes at least the steps of providing one lime compound chosen in the group consisting of prehydrated lime, a paste of lime obtained by addition of water to quicklime instead of addition of quicklime to water and their mixture, and forming a milk of slaked lime of great fineness with the chosen lime compound. The paste of lime is obtained by progressive addition of water to quicklime under agitation conditions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing artificial crushed sand by means of a thermal treatment using sand in the form of fine sand (FS/FSa) and/or round sand as the starting material (1). The starting material (1) in variant A is heated to a melting temperature by bundling sun rays (13), and/or the starting material in variant B is heated to a melting temperature by using a conventional melting device which achieves its energy supply using converted or stored solar power, whereby each of a plurality of sand grains are melted together into a three-dimensional intermediate product (2). The intermediate product (2) produced in this manner is cooled and finally comminuted to a particle size of less than 2 mm in a comminuting process. An end product (3) is produced which differs from the starting material (1) with respect to the shape and surface roughness. The method offers a long-term solution for meeting the demand for crushed sand and provides sand for the construction industry.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and system for blending a foam modifier with foaming agent online, e.g., as may be particularly useful for gypsum or cement slurries. The foam modifier comprises a fatty alcohol that is added to a gypsum or cement slurry that includes foaming agent, such as an alkyl sulfate surfactant. The fatty alcohol can be a C6-C16 fatty alcohol in some embodiments. The use of such a foam modifier can be used, for example, to stabilize the foam, reduce waste of foaming agent, improve void size control in the final product, and improve the gypsum board manufacturing process.

Abstract: A hydraulic composition includes in relative parts by mass with respect to the cement 100 parts of cement the particles of which have a BET specific surface area comprised from 1.20 to 5 m2/g; 32 to 42 parts of water; 5 to 50 parts of a mineral addition A1 the particles of which have a D50 less than or equal to 6 ?m and selected from silica fume, metakaolin, slag, pozzolans or mixtures thereof; 90 to 230 parts of sand the particles of which have a D50 greater than or equal to 50 ?m and a D90 less than or equal to 3 mm; 0.0001 to 10 parts of a superplasticizer, the active material concentration of which is 15% by mass.

Abstract: An omniphobic aqueous stain repellant integral grout additive contains an aminoalkyl-substituted polyorganosiloxane, preferably, a higher alkyl alkoxysilane, an organopolysiloxane T resin bearing silicon-bonded alkoxy groups, a fluoro(meth)acrylate polymer or copolymer, and preferably, a film forming (meth)acrylate polymer or copolymer latex. The omniphobic grout additive provides high stain repellancy to grout in an economic manner.

Abstract: A process for making a composite pavement structure comprising primed glass aggregate particles and a polymeric binder composition is disclosed. Systems and methods are also disclosed for the priming of glass aggregate particles. In one embodiment, the glass aggregate particles range from about 0.1 to about 0.5 inch in diameter and are exposed to a coupling agent in solution, for example an aqueous aminosilane solution, in an amount of about 1 to about 10 parts by weight of solution based on 100 parts by weight of the glass aggregate particles wherein the aqueous solution contains about 0.01 to about 5.0 parts by weight coupling agent based on 100 parts by weight of solution. After exposure, the primer is allowed to react and bond with the glass aggregate particles for a predetermined time period to provide primed glass particles, for example silylated glass particles, which are then dried.

Abstract: A high temperature lightweight thermal insulating material is formed from a mixture that includes cement or silica sand, water and a foaming agent. The foaming agent can be an aluminum powder or a surfactant. The insulating material has a maximum use temperature greater than about 600 degrees Celsius.

Abstract: Dry mortar mixture characterized by a glass mixture of expanded glass beads with a grain size d/D 0/8, mixed in a ratio of between 1:1 and 1:3, for example 1:2 with a dust poor or dust free binding mixture of hydraulic binders and stone granules in the weight ratio of 1:2 to 1:4. The glass has a discontinuous grain distribution. For the glass mixture the fractions 0.5/1.0 and 2.0/4.0 are present while the fractions 0.25/0.5 and 1.0/2.0 are absent. For the glass mixture preferably all grain sizes between 1.0 and 2.0 mm are absent and the grain size distribution is around an average, so that an open structure is obtained.

Abstract: A hydraulic binder includes, as percentage by mass: from 17 to 55% of a Portland cement, the particles of which have a D50 of from 2?m to 11 ?m; at least 5% of silica fume; from 36 to 70% of a mineral addition A1, the particles of which have a D50 of from 15 to 150 ?m; the sum of these percentages being from 80 to 100%; the sum of the percentages of cement and of silica fume being greater than 28%; the mineral addition A1 being selected from slags, pozzolanic additions or siliceous additions such as quartz, silico-calcareous mineral additions, calcareous additions such as calcium carbonate or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Method of converting calcium bentonite to sodium bentonite that is suitable for use as drilling mud or a cement additive. After the addition of a calcium bentonite sample to a prepared soda ash solution at predetermined soda ash/bentonite weight ratios, the bentonite suspension is continuously heated and stirred for up to 24 h. The heating and stirring are crucial towards enhancing the sodium activation of the bentonite, as well as other rheological properties of the bentonite.

Abstract: An electromagnetic effect material includes as a primary component, a polycrystalline oxide ceramic containing at least Sr, Co, and Fe. In the polycrystalline oxide ceramic, the crystal c-axis is oriented in a predetermined direction, and the degree of orientation of the c-axis is 0.2 or more by a Lotgering method. A component substrate is formed of this electromagnetic effect material.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a precursor solution for the preparation of a ceramic of the BZT-?BXT type, where X is selected from Ca, Sn, Mn, and Nb, and a is a molar fraction selected in the range between 0.10 and 0.90, said solution comprising: 1) at least one barium precursor compound; 2) a precursor compound selected from the group consisting of at least one calcium compound, at least one tin compound, at least one manganese compound, and at least one niobium compound; 3) at least one anhydrous precursor compound of zirconium; 4) at least one anhydrous precursor compound of titanium; 5) a solvent selected from the group consisting of a polyol and mixtures of a polyol and a secondary solvent selected from the group consisting of alcohols, carboxylic acids, esters, ketones, ethers, and mixtures thereof; and 6) a chelating agent, as well as method of using the same.