Abstract: Dielectric layers are prepared using a dielectric material that contains a ceramic powder having Ba, Ti, and additive element X which is solid-solubilized and is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Mo, Ta, Nb, and W, wherein the standard deviation of the ratio of the peak intensity of the additive element X (XK?) measured by STEM-EDX, and the sum of the peak intensity of the Ti and peak intensity of the Ba (BaL?+TiK?) measured by STEM-EDX, is less than 10.5% of the average ratio as measured at a total of five points including the three points that divide the maximum diameter of one grain of the ceramic powder into four equal parts, and two excluding the center point of the three points that divide the diameter crossing at right angles with the maximum diameter at its center point, into four equal parts.

Abstract: The invention relates to a refractory product, a use of zirconium dioxide, a zirconium dioxide, a method for manufacturing a refractory product and a refractory product manufactured by means of said method.

Abstract: There is provided a plasma-resistant member, including: a base material; and a layer structural component formed by aerosol deposition at a surface of the base material, the layer structural component being plasma-resistant and including an yttria polycrystalline body, the yttria polycrystalline body included in the layer structural component having a crystal structure in which cubic and monoclinic coexist, a proportion of monoclinic to cubic inside the yttria polycrystalline body included in the layer structural component being not less than 0% and not more than 60%, a crystallite size of the yttria polycrystalline body included in the layer structural component being not less than 8 nm and not more than 50 nm.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a lightweight sound-absorbing and fire-resistant insulation panel including: a binder; expanded graphite; and swelling clays, and the swelling clays are formed of honeycomb-shaped layered clays containing water molecules in interlayers and have particle sizes in the range of 50 to 200 ?m. Further, the expanded graphite is present in an amount of from 10 to 100 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the swelling clays. According to the present invention, the insulation panel is made of the expanded graphite and the honeycomb-shaped swelling clays, thus providing excellent lightweightness, sound absorption, insulation, fire resistance and flame retardancy, and further, the insulation panel is manufactured without having any sintering, thus providing simple manufacturing processes and lowering production costs.

Abstract: A composition having nanoparticles of a boron carbide and a carbonaceous matrix. The composition is not in the form of a powder. A composition comprising boron and an organic component. The organic component is an organic compound having a char yield of at least 60% by weight or a thermoset made from the organic compound. A method of combining boron and an organic compound having a char yield of at least 60% by weight, and heating to form boron carbide or boron nitride nanoparticles.

Abstract: Provided is a ceramic substrate. The ceramic substrate includes a core layer, made of zirconia toughened alumina; and surface layers, symmetrically located on an upper and a lower surfaces of the core layer, made of Al2O3. The core layer has a chemical composition of 0 wt %<ZrO2?40 wt % and 60 wt %?Al2O3<100 wt %. A method for manufacturing the ceramic substrate and a power module including the ceramic substrate are also provided.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to sintered ceramic grains comprising 3-55 wt. % alumina, 40-95 wt. % zirconia and 1-30 wt. % of one or more other inorganic components. The invention further relates to a method for preparing ceramic grains according to the invention, comprising: making a slurry comprising alumina, zirconia; making droplets of the slurry; introducing the droplets in a liquid gelling-reaction medium wherein the droplets are gellified; drying the gellified deformed droplets.

Abstract: A method is described for rendering char from a biomass fractionator apparatus (BMF char) suitable for addition to soil in high concentrations, the method relying on multiple processes comprising removing detrimental hydrocarbons from BMF char, removing adsorbed gases from BMF char, introducing microorganisms to the BMF char, and adjusting soil pH.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of fertilizing compositions and to the compositions obtained.

Abstract: An ignition composition comprising a low electron affinity material, an oxidizer and a binder. The ignition composition may be made by A1) preparing a coagulation composition by a shock-gel process using the ingredients of the ignition composition disclosed herein, which comprises: A1-a) dissolving the binder in a low-boiling-point polar solvent to provide a binder solution; A1-b) mixing the low electron affinity material and the oxidizer with the binder solution; and A1-c) adding a low-boiling-point non-polar solvent to the mixture provided by step 1-b) to precipitate the binder and form the coagulation composition; and A2) converting the coagulation composition into granular composition using a suitable method.

Abstract: A method for preparing p-xylene and co-producing propylene with a high selectivity, comprising: a) bringing a raw material containing toluene and methanol and/or dimethyl ether into contact with a catalyst in a reaction system for reaction; returning an ethylene-enriched C2? component discharged from the reaction system to the reaction system, and continuing the reaction with the raw material on the catalyst to produce propylene; b) separating a C6+ component discharged from the reaction system to obtain a product p-xylene; and c) separating a C3 component discharged from the reaction system to obtain a product propylene.

Abstract: Toluene disproportionation and C9/C10 transalkylation are a significant source of xylenes in a modern aromatics complex. Methods and apparatuses for improving the energy efficiency of these disproportionation and transalkylation processes are provided.

Abstract: A method of depolymerizing lignin and to the use of this method in the production of fuels, electronic components, plastic polymers, rubber, medicines, vitamins, cosmetic products, perfumes, foodstuffs, synthetic threads and fibres, synthetic leathers, adhesives, pesticides and fertilizers is provided. It also relates to a method of producing fuels, electronic components, plastic polymers, rubber, medicines, vitamins, cosmetic products, perfumes, foodstuffs, synthetic threads and fibres, synthetic leathers, adhesives, pesticides and fertilizers, including a step of depolymerizing lignin using the method according to the invention.

Abstract: A method for converting lignin to a phenol product, the method comprising contacting a zeolite catalyst with a lignin under reaction conditions sufficient to produce the phenol product at a yield of equal to or greater than about 50%. A method for converting lignin to a mixed phenol product, the method comprising contacting a large-pore zeolite catalyst with a Kraft lignin under reaction conditions comprising a reaction temperature of from about 550° C. to about 850° C. to produce the mixed phenol product at a yield of equal to or greater than about 50%.

Abstract: Disclosed are processes and systems for making cyclohexanone from a mixture comprising phenol, cyclohexanone, and cyclohexylbenzene comprising a step of or a device for subjecting at least a portion of the mixture to hydrogenation and a step of or a device for distilling a phenol/cyclohexanone/cyclohexylbenzene mixture to obtain an effluent rich in cyclohexanone.

Abstract: The present invention refers to a process for producing 5-[4-(2-hydroxy-2-methyl)-1-oxo-prop-1-yl]-3-[4-(2-hydroxy-2-methyl)-1-oxo-prop-1-yl-phenyl]-2,3-dihydro-1,1,3-trimethyl-1H-indene (dimer isomer 5) that comprises the acylation of cumene in the 4-position with an isobutyryl halide, followed by benzylic halogenation and dimerization (cyclization) of the resulting product.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the depolymerization of polymers and the recovery of the starting materials used for the production of the polymer. The present invention also relates to the depolymerization of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and the recovery of terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol.

Abstract: A method of producing lactic acid includes subjecting a lactic acid-containing solution to distillation to collect lactic acid from the vapor side (Step A); subjecting the lactic acid obtained in Step A to crystallization (Step B); subjecting the lactic acid slurry obtained in Step B to solid-liquid separation into lactic acid crystals and a mother liquor (Step C); and circulating the mother liquor obtained in Step C to Step B (Step D).

Abstract: Provided herein are compounds of the formula: in which n is an integer equal to or greater than 1; R2 is selected from hydrogen and optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; and R1, R3, and R4, independently for each occurrence, are selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched, wherein compositions comprising the compounds are characterized by particular combinations of values for estolide number, kinematic viscosity, and pour point. Also provided are compositions containing the compounds and methods of making both the compounds and compositions thereof.

Abstract: Compounds which directly inhibit IRE-1? activity in vitro, prodrugs, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. Such compounds and prodrugs are useful for treating diseases associated with the unfolded protein response and can be used as single agents or in combination therapies.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide for methods of hydrocarbon functionalization, methods and systems for converting a hydrocarbon into a compound including at least one group ((e.g., hydroxyl group) (e.g., methane to methanol)), functionalized hydrocarbons, and the like.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for providing a ruthenium catalyst solution which is active during the transvinylation of a surfactant vinyl ester with a surfactant carboxylic acid, comprising an Ru metal concentration of more than 0.5 wt. % based on the total weight of the ruthenium catalyst solution. The invention is characterized in that a) at least one ruthenium (III) halogenide with at least one inorganic or organic base, at least one surfactant vinyl ester, and at least one surfactant carboxylic acid is reacted at a temperature of 70° C. to 170° C.; b) the molar ratio of surfactant vinyl ester to surfactant carboxylic acid is 1:1.8 to 1.8:1; and c) the ruthenium (III) halogenide is used in a quantity of >0.5 wt. % of Ru metal based on the total weight of the surfactant vinyl ester and surfactant carboxylic acid.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods of making estolide base oils, including those having a high kinematic viscosity. In certain embodiments, an ultra high-viscosity estolide base oil is prepared from hydroxy fatty acids derived from the hydrolysis of a first estolide base oil.

Abstract: This invention relates to methods for producing chemical products, wherein the one or more feed materials are reacted to form a chemical product or a chemical composition. The invention further relates to plants for performing such methods, said plants being designed in such a way that, during an interruption of the methods, no input of at least one feed material into the reaction occurs and the plant parts not affected by a revision measure, maintenance measure, repair measure, or cleaning measure are operated in so-called re-circulation mode. It is thereby achieved, among other things, that only the affected plant part needs to be shut down for the time of the measure, which can be advantageous with regard to the productivity and economy of the method and the quality of the produced products. Finally, the invention relates to methods for operating plants in the event that individual plant parts are taken out of service.

Abstract: Phosphorus-containing ligands are recovered from mixtures comprising 3-pentenenitrile (3PN) and adiponitrile (ADN), using liquid-liquid extraction. ADN is produced by hydrocyanation of 3PN. The ADN is hydrogenated to produce a hexa-methyiene diamine (HMD) and at least one byproduct including bis-hexamethylene triamine (BHMT) or 1,2-diaminocyclohexane. At least a portion of the HMD product or byproduct is used to enhance the liquid-liquid extraction to recover phosphorus-containing ligand.

Abstract: A method for preparing N,N?-bis(3-aminopropyl)-1,2-ethylenediamine uses a glycol ether based solution, such as a solution containing dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether (PM) to replace the traditionally used monol-based solvents, and performs hydrogenation in the presence of a Co—Mn—Al catalyst. The method improves the yield of N,N?-bis(3-aminopropyl)-1,2-ethylenediamine to 98.85-99.49% and effectively suppresses generation of by-products.

Abstract: Provided herein are lipidoids that may be prepared from the conjugate addition of alkylamines to acrylates. In some embodiments, provided lipidoids are biodegradable and may be used in a variety of drug delivery systems. Given the amino moiety of the lipidoids, they are well-suited for the delivery of polynucleotides, in addition to other agents. Nanoparticles containing the inventive lipidoids and polynucleotides have been prepared and have been shown to be effective in delivering siRNA.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel triazole derivatives of formula (I) having insecticidal activity, to processes and intermediates for preparing them, to insecticidal, acaricidal, nematicidal or molluscicidal compositions comprising them and to methods of using them to combat and control insect, acarine, nematode or mollusc pests wherein R1, R2, G1, G2, Q1 and Q2 are as defined in claim 1; or salts thereof.

Abstract: A method for preparing N,N?-bis(2-cyanoethyl-1,2-ethylenediamine involves using glycol ether as a catalyst for synthesis reaction in which ethylenediamine and acrylonitrile at a molar ratio of 1:1.9-2.1 are reactant that react at 20-70°C to prepare N,N?-bis(2-cyanoethyl)-1,2-ethylenediamine; the method improves the yield to 98.15-98.98%; and the used glycol ether may be filtered and recycled, thereby saving costs and reducing environmental pollution.

Abstract: A method for preparing N,N?-bis(2-cyanoethyl)-1,2-ethylenediamine involves using strongly acidic cation exchange resin as a catalyst for synthesis, and is advantageous for not only eliminating the need of distillation for purification and thereby reducing reaction time, but also improving the yield of N,N?-bis(2-cyanoethyl)-1,2-ethylenediamine to 97.70-98.08%; and the method benefits simplified process and reduced costs and helps to save water significantly, thereby minimizing environmental pollution.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the fine purification of isophoronenitrile (IPN) by melt crystallization.

Abstract: A process for producing ammonia and a derivative of ammonia from a natural gas feed comprising conversion of natural gas into a make-up synthesis gas; synthesis of ammonia; use of said ammonia to produce said derivative of ammonia, wherein a portion of the natural gas feed is used to fuel a gas turbine; power produced by said gas turbine is transferred to at least one power user of the process, such as a compressor; heat is recovered from exhaust gas of said gas turbine, and at least part of said heat is recovered as low-grade heat available at a temperature not greater than 200° C., to provide process heating to at least one thermal user of the process, such as CO2 removal unit or absorption chiller; a corresponding plant and method of modernization are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for producing urea. A methane-containing feed gas stream is reacted with oxygen by partial oxidation to form a synthesis gas stream containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The carbon monoxide is reacted with water in a water gas-shift reaction to form carbon dioxide and hydrogen. The synthesis gas stream is separated into a first synthesis gas substream a second synthesis gas substream. The first synthesis gas substream is subjected to pressure-swing adsorption to separate hydrogen and the second synthesis gas substream is subjected to temperature-swing adsorption to separate carbon dioxide. The separated is reacted with nitrogen to form ammonia and the ammonia is reacted with the carbon dioxide to form urea.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound of formula (I), or a tautomer and/or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof Formula (I), and its uses to treat a disorder associated with protein misfolding stress and in particular with an accumulation of misfolded proteins.

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds of Formula (IVA), or a salt thereof, and pharmaceutical formulations (pharmaceutical compositions) comprising those compounds, or a salt thereof: Formula (IVA), wherein “RIa”, “RIb”, “RIc”, “RId”, “RIe”, are defined herein above, which compounds are believed suitable for use in positive modulation of the alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (?7 nAChR) receptors, for example, those found in the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus. Such compounds and pharmaceutical formulations are believed to be useful in treatment or management of neurodegenerative diseases, for example, Alzheimer's disease (AD), schizophrenia, and Parkinson's disease (PD), or movement disorders arising from use of certain medications used in the treatment or management of Parkinson's disease.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of inhibiting the conversion of choline or carnitine to trimethylamine (TMA) and lowering TMAO in an individual comprising administering to the individual a composition comprising a compound set forth in FORMULA (I): The invention also provides for a method of inhibiting the production of TMA by bacteria comprising administering to the individual a composition comprising a compound set forth in FORMULA (I) wherein the compound is administered in an amount effective to inhibit formation of trimethylamine (TMA) from choline or carnitine in the individual.

Abstract: What is described is a lipid particle comprising the compound of formula I wherein R1 consists of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or cholesteryl; R2 consists of alkyl or alkenyl; L1 consists of alkyl, alkylene or alkenyl; X1 consists of —O—(CO)— or —(CO)—O; X2 consists of S or O; L2 consists of a bond or alkylene; R3 consists of alkylene; and R4 and R5 are the same or different, each consisting of alkyl; or a pharmaceutical preparation thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compositions comprising an amide related to a prostaglandin and a biogenic amine. Other aspects relate to certain chemical compounds, pharmaceutical compositions, and methods of treating glaucoma.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of synthesising aziridines including isotopically labelled aziridines, said methods comprising contacting an imine or one or more precursors thereof with a diazo compound in the presence of a phosphoramide or a phosphoramide-derived catalyst. The present invention also relates to aziridines, modified aziridines and aziridine-derived compounds preparable by the aforementioned methods, and to phosphoramide or phosphoramide-derived catalysts suitable for use in such methods.

Abstract: The present invention relates to anti-tropomyosin compounds, processes for their preparation, and methods for treating or preventing a disease or disorder, such as a proliferative disease (preferably cancer), using compounds of the invention.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel polymorphic form of N-[2-(6-fluoro-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]-3-(2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropoxy)benzylamine hydrochloride.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for preparing and screening for an inhibitor of the activity of a biological molecule having a catalytic or non-catalytic cysteine residue. The methods including preparing a library of candidate inhibitor molecules by conjugating an electrophile to a plurality of drug molecules where the library of candidate inhibitor molecules thus formed react with cysteine residues. The library of candidate inhibitor molecules then may be reacted with the biological molecule to identify those inhibitor molecule that react with the catalytic or non-catalytic cysteine residue of the biological molecule in order to identify an inhibitor of the biological molecule.

Abstract: The present invention relates to tetrahydroisoquinolinone derivatives, a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same and the use of these derivatives in the inhibition of the Hsp70 protein. The compounds are useful in the treatment or inhibition of cancer, autoimmune disease, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease and psoriasis.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel urea derivatives and, more particularly, to novel urea derivatives with histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitory activity, isomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, their use for the preparation of a medicaments comprising the same, a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same, a treatment method using the composition, and a method for preparing novel urea derivatives. The novel urea derivatives as selective histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are effective for the treatment of histone deacetylase-mediated diseases such as malignant tumors, inflammatory diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, neurodegeneration, etc.

Abstract: A method of preparing a 2,6 disubstituted anilines includes, reacting a 2-amino isophthalic acid diester with sufficient Grignard reagent R2CH2MgX to form the corresponding diol product, dehydrating the diol product to the corresponding dialkene; and hydrogenating the diol product to form the corresponding aniline. The 2,6 disubstituted anilines can be used to produce N-Heterocyciic Carbenes (NHCs). The NHCs can find application in various fields such as organic synthesis, catalysis and macromolecular chemistry. Palladium catalysts containing the NHCs are also described.

Abstract: As a result of studies on compounds having FGFR inhibitory action, the present inventors have found that the nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic compounds of the present invention have inhibitory action on FGFR1, FGFR2, and/or FGFR3, particularly, mutant FGFR3, and thus, the present invention has been accomplished. The nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic compound of the present invention can be used as a therapeutic agent for various cancers related to FGFR1, FGFR2, and/or FGFR3, such as lung cancer and hormone therapy-resistant breast cancer, stomach cancer, triple negative breast cancer, endometrial cancer, bladder cancer, and glioblastoma, particularly as a prophylactic and/or therapeutic agent for mutant FGFR3-positive bladder cancer.

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds having the formula: wherein R1, R2, R3, and Z are as defined herein, and methods of making and using the same.

Abstract: The present disclosure features a strain-promoted [2+2+2] reaction that can be carried out under physiological conditions. In general, the reaction involves reacting a pi-electrophile with a low lying LUMO with a quadricyclane on a biomolecule, generating a covalently modified biomolecule. The selectivity of the reaction and its compatibility with aqueous environments provides for its application in vivo and in vitro. The reaction is compatible with modification of living cells. In certain embodiments, the pi-electrophile can comprise a molecule of interest that is desired for delivery to a quadricyclane-containing biomolecule via [2+2+2] reaction.

Abstract: A crystalline form of tribenuron-methyl of formula (I), the crystal preparation process, the analyses of the crystal through various analytical methods and using the crystal to prepare stable agrochemical formulation. The invention also describes the use of various solvents towards the crystalline form preparation conditions.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved process for making monomeric triglycidyl compounds, wherein the triglycidyl compounds include N, O-triglycidyl compounds containing at least one primary aromatic amine and one phenolic functional group attached to the same or a different aromatic ring. The methods of the present invention result in the production of N, O-triglycidyl compounds, such as those of formula I and II. The improved process is energy efficient, environment friendly, and results in increased yields of product. The methods of the present invention can be performed in the absence of protic organic co-solvents during the reaction of an epihalohydrin with an aminophenol, such as compounds of formula II and IV, which provides an intermediate halohydrin compound. The methods of the present invention may also be performed in the absence of a phase transfer catalyst.