Abstract: In a deviated wellbore, a pump system computes downhole data from surface data by solving a wave equation that takes both viscous damping and Coulomb friction into consideration. Mechanical friction between the rods, couplings, and tubing is considered in the calculation of downhole data in the deviated wellbore by modelling the wellbore's trajectory, parameterizing various deviated segments (build-ups, slants, drop-offs, etc.) in the trajectory, mapping the rod string to the segments, and incrementally evaluating position of the mapped string over time in order to compute drag forces and side loads experienced by the rod string during operation. These computed drag forces and side loads are then used in the solution of the wave equation to solve the surface load and position data and provide more accurate downhole position and load data.

Abstract: An umbilical having a plurality of sensors (single, multi-component, or distributed) disposed in a sealed encapsulant, optionally with “accessories” or connectors at the ends, and the methods for manufacturing and deploying such an umbilical for seismic imaging in geological formations and other applications.

Abstract: A method for determining a total vertical depth (TVD) for a well plan involves measuring differences between a projected BHA position at a depth of a survey station and a calculated BHA position based upon a minimum curvature method at the depth of the survey station. The differences are accumulated at each survey station with respect to the BHA position. Real time TVD corrected gamma logs are generated responsive to the accumulated differences of the BHA position.

Abstract: Fluid tube for sealing test in the BOP chamber. The test tube (1) used in the BOP chamber (C) resistance test step has its hollow structure filled internally and totally through a fluid (F) input (4). Thereby, wrapped by closing the drawers (G), after injection in the test fluid chamber (C), due to the filling fluid volume (F) internally and resulting air exhaustion into the hollow structure, the zest tube obtains a supplementary structure resistance against the pressure applied within the chamber (C), preventing unwanted distortions. The tube obtains an effective sealing due to the filling fluid volume (F) that exhausts the air within it, stopped internally with the couplings of the screwed pin (3) threads and the female thread (R) of the plug (TA) or test plug, preventing the test fluid into the chamber (C) to leak and enter its hollow structure.

Abstract: A fiber optic sensor is disposed in the elastomer of the stator of the mud motor in order to sense elastomer strain while drilling. The frequencies of micro stalls and stick slips are measured from the fiber optic sensor data by classification using thresholds or by converting time-domain measurements from the fiber optic sensor data to frequencies. For example, the frequencies are produced by accumulating a histogram over an interval of time or by computing a Discrete Fourier Transform over an interval of time. A plurality of fiber optic sensors also can sense angular position of the rotor of the mud motor for correlation of the micro stalls and stick slips with the angular position. The measurements of the micro stalls and stick slips are used to select remedial action such as changes in drilling parameters.

Abstract: A fiber optic slickline. The slickline includes fiber optic communication means without full downhole power transmitting capability. Nevertheless, the slickline is configured to accommodate an axial load up to, and in excess of 2,000 lbs. Downhole tools and tool assemblies are configured with opto-electronic interfacing features so as to remain electronically compatible while also taking advantage of fiber optic communications afforded over the slickline. The slickline and tools may be employed in logging and other downhole operations in a manner that provides real time communication with substantially reduced surface equipment expense in terms of footprint and power requirements.

Abstract: A method includes operating a downhole acquisition tool including a guard probe and a sample probe in a wellbore that contains a fluid that includes a native reservoir fluid and a contaminant. The method also includes receiving a first portion of fluid into the guard probe and a second portion of fluid into the sample probe, estimating a contamination level of the first or second portions based on a fluid property of the respective first and second portions, determining an initial guard flow rate of the first portion, determining an initial sample flow rate of the second portion, using a processor to adjust a guard flow rate of the second portion over pump time after the contamination level of the first portion is at or below a contamination level threshold, and adjust a sample flow rate of the first portion based on the adjusted guard flow rate and total flowrate.

Abstract: A method for mining using a laser to cause spalling includes the steps of generating and delivering a laser beam to a work surface of a geological strata having a sought after mineral to be removed from the stratum; moving the laser beam about three perpendicular axes so that a focal point of the laser beam moves across the working surface and rapidly increases the surface temperature of the working surface; providing a source of a cooling media, and delivering the cooling media to the working surface so as to rapidly cool the working surface subsequent to the rapid surface temperature increase generated by the laser beam so as to effect a fracturing of the working surface and to generate a plurality of chips from the working surface; and removing the chips spalled from the working surface

Abstract: An apparatus to install structural supports in a mine tunnel is conveniently mountable on a mining machine having a cutting head mounted at one end of a boom. An extendable and slewing manipulator arm of the apparatus is mounted on a support platform that is slidable in the axial forward and rearward direction and includes a grasping device to hold the structural supports in a plurality of different positions.

Abstract: A pin retaining assembly for an advancing ram includes a retention plate and a retainer. The retention plate includes two oppositely facing surfaces and a channel with a notch between the two surfaces. The retainer includes a main body, a pin receiving slot, and at least two flanges. The main body is configured to slide into the notch of the channel and extend through a surface of the retention plate. The pin receiving slot has an open mouth through an end of the main body. A first flange extends from one end of the main body along a surface of retention plate and a second flange extends from another end of the main body along another surface of retention plate. The flanges retain the main body of the retainer in the first notch from moving in a direction defined by a longitudinal axis of the pin receiving slot.

Abstract: A disk assembly includes a first disk, a second disk and a third disk. The first disk is engaged with a compressor section of a gas turbine. The second disk is engaged with a turbine section of the gas turbine. The third disk is disposed between the first and second disks and transfers a rotational torque applied to the second disk to the first disk. A through-hole is defined through the third disk along an axial direction of the gas turbine. A distance between the third disk and a tie rod is less than each of distances between the first and second disks and the tie rod, such that spaces are defined as surfaces of the third disk respectively in communication with the compressor section and the turbine section.

Abstract: A turbine blade includes pressure and suction surfaces connected to define an interior through which coolant is passable. First and second pedestal arrays, each include pedestals respectively coupled to radially outboard portions of respective interior faces of one of the pressure and suction surfaces. The pedestals of the first pedestal array are separated from and directly opposed to pedestals of the second pedestal array by gaps respectively defined therebetween.

Abstract: Engine components are provided for a gas turbine engines that generate a hot combustion gas flow. The engine component can include a substrate constructed from a CMC material and having a hot surface facing the hot combustion gas flow and a cooling surface facing a cooling fluid flow. The substrate generally defines a film hole extending through the substrate and having an inlet provided on the cooling surface, an outlet provided on the hot surface, and a passage connecting the inlet and the outlet. The engine component can also include a coating on at least a portion of the hot surface and on at least a portion of an inner surface defined within the passage.

Abstract: A gas turbine engine component includes a wall having first and second wall surfaces and a cooling hole extending through the wall. The cooling hole includes an inlet located at the first wall surface, an outlet located at the second wall surface, a metering section extending downstream from the inlet, a first diffusing section extending downstream from the metering section, and a second diffusing section extending downstream from the first diffusing section to the outlet. The second diffusing section includes first and second lobes, each lobe diverging longitudinally and laterally relative to the metering section, and a trailing edge.

Abstract: A gas path component for a gas turbine engine includes an element configured to be exposed to a gas path. The element includes a plurality of internal cooling passages. At least one of the internal cooling passages includes a cross section having a plurality of asymmetrical filleted corners.

Abstract: A turbomachine blade is disclosed including an airfoil including a cooling fluid plenum extending therein and a trailing edge cooling opening extending from the cooling fluid plenum through a trailing edge of the airfoil. A platform may couple the airfoil to a shank, the platform including a trailing edge root extending downstream relative to the shank. At least one cooling conduit delivers a cooling fluid radially inward from at least one of the cooling fluid plenum and the trailing edge cooling opening to a wheel space that is adjacent the shank and radially inward from the trailing edge root. A related turbomachine is also disclosed.

Abstract: In a method for coating an airfoil member, the airfoil member comprises: a platform having a surface; and an airfoil having an end at the platform surface. The method comprises applying, via suspension plasma spray or solution plasma spray, a ceramic coating: to the airfoil with a first average coating thickness; and to the platform surface with a second average thickness at least 90% of the first average thickness.

Abstract: A turbomachine element includes a stator, a rotor, and a first sealing means for sealing between the rotor and the stator. The element is arranged to be active when the rotor is in the operating position of same around the axis of rotation thereof. The element includes an auxiliary pressure sealing means, sealing between the rotor and the stator and is arranged so that the two sealing means are active when the rotor is placed along the axis of rotation thereof during an assembly operation in a test position. In the test position, the rotor and the stator form an enclosure between said two sealing means.

Abstract: A turbomachine complex includes at least one motor-generator, at least one power source coupled to the at least one motor-generator, and at least one load dissipative device coupled to the at least one motor-generator. The turbomachine complex is configured to energize the at least one motor-generator through the at least one power source. The turbomachine complex is further configured to simultaneously energize the at least one at least one load dissipative device through the at least one motor-generator.

Abstract: A gas turbine engine has a fan rotor, a turbine rotor driving the fan rotor, and an epicyclic gear reduction positioned between the fan rotor and the turbine rotor. The epicyclic gear reduction includes a ring gear, a sun gear, and no more than four intermediate gears that engage the sun gear and the ring gear. The fan drive turbine is configured to drive the sun gear to, in turn, drive the ring gears to, in turn, drive the fan rotor.

Abstract: An annular air flow passage, particularly for a turbine engine, comprising two radially internal and external annular walls. A measuring element is elongated in a direction between the internal and external annular walls, and a first of the internal or external ends of the element is fixed rigidly to a first of the internal or external walls. The element includes at least one tubular cavity extending along the element and supplied with pressurized fluid.

Abstract: A locking element for a borescope opening of a gas turbine is disclosed. The borescope opening includes a radially inner opening edge facing a gas-carrying annular channel of the gas turbine where the locking element includes a main section and a locking section connected to the main section. The locking section is configured at least partially in a rotationally-symmetric manner with regard to a longitudinal axis of the locking element. The locking element is dimensioned such that the locking section protrudes partially over the radially inner opening edge of the borescope opening in the inserted state into the borescope opening.

Abstract: A hydraulic control device for an emergency stop valve of a steam turbine has a module for reducing a hydraulic pressure by rapid opening of an outflow valve and/or unloading or loading an actuator for actuating the emergency stop valve. In an operating medium supply and/or conducting system a control valve arrangement with at least three safety valves is provided, which are hydraulically interconnected such that they open the outflow valve or unload or load the actuator only when a safety circuit by way of at least two safety valves of the control valve arrangement has assumed an emergency stop position. A precontrol valve that is independent from the remaining safety valves is hydraulically connected upstream of each safety valve. A safety valve that is connected downstream of a respective precontrol valve can be hydraulically decoupled from the same during the operation.

Abstract: A casing for use in a turbofan engine is provided. The casing includes an inner hub, an intermediate casing positioned radially outward from the inner hub, an outer casing positioned radially outward from the intermediate casing, and a plurality of struts spaced circumferentially about the inner hub and extending between the inner hub and the outer casing. At least one strut of the plurality of struts includes a flow channel extending therethrough. The casing also includes a fluid scoop defined within the inner hub, and a collector that couples the fluid scoop in flow communication with the flow channel.

Abstract: A system for connecting spaced components of a gas turbine engine includes connecting one end of a T-bar to each of the spaced components. One component is attached to the crossbar portion of the T-bar by trapping the crossbar between the component and a bracket. The second component is attached to the shaft portion using a hanger nut connected to the shaft portion of the T-bar and bolted to the second component. The system may be installed by attaching the crossbar portion, then advancing the first component towards the second component until the shaft portion passes through an aperture in the second component. The hanger nut is attached to the shaft portion and the second component.

Abstract: A first steam turbine and a second steam turbine of a combined cycle plant are connected by a reheat steam line via a reheat section of an exhaust heat recovery boiler. The reheat steam line and a condenser are connected by a second bypass line. A control device includes: a determination unit that determines whether or not the flow rate of first steam flowing into the first steam turbine has reached a stipulated flow rate; a command output unit that, upon determining that the flow rate of the first steam flowing into the first steam turbine has reached the stipulated flow rate, outputs a close command to close a ventilator valve that is provided in the second bypass line and is open; and a threshold alteration unit that alters the threshold with which the determination unit determines whether or not the stipulated flow rate has been reached, the threshold being positively correlated with a temperature of the first steam.

Abstract: The present application provides a reactor for: converting feedstock material into gases; or disassociating or reforming a chemical compound; and/a mixture to its constituent elements; and/to other chemical forms, and; finally a heating device. The reactor comprises a heating device for discharging an ionized gas into the reactor, a feedstock feeder for injecting the feedstock material into the reactor, and a shell forming a chamber that encloses a portion of the heating device and a portion of the feedstock feeder. The application also provides a method for converting hydrocarbon material into synthetic gases. The method comprises: providing the hydrocarbon material to a burner inserted into a reactor, a second step of supplying ionized gases into the reactor, and a third step of subjecting the burner to a flame of the ionized gases such that molecules of the hydrocarbon material are dissociated to forming synthetic gas.

Abstract: Systems and methods based on the systems to convert a portion of thermal energy into to mechanical and/or electrical energy including a power generation subsystem (PGSS) comprising a vaporization and power generation subsystem (VPSS) including a heat recovery vapor generator (HRVG) and a turbine T1, a heating and cooling subsystem (HCSS) including three parallel configured heat exchange units HE3, HE4, and HE5, a single heat exchange unit HE2, and a first separator SP1, and a condensing subsystem (CSS) including a final condenser HE1b from a heat source subsystem (HSSS) including a heat source producing an initial heat source stream.

Abstract: A gas turbine including: a compressor that compresses air; a combustor that combusts fuel in the compressed air so as to generate combustion gas; and a turbine that is driven using the combustion gas. A plurality of cooling air coolers bleed the air from a plurality of places having different pressures in the compressor and cool the air bled from the respective places, thereby generating cooling air is provided. A waste heat recovery device that recovers waste heat from the at least two cooling air coolers among the plurality of cooling air coolers is provided.

Abstract: A device for recovery of waste heat generated during operation of an internal combustion engine includes a thermodynamic engine, which includes a working fluid circulation circuit and is configured for recovery of the waste heat a first arrangement for providing a first coolant from a first source for heat exchange with the working fluid in the working fluid circulation circuit, and at least one further arrangement for providing a further coolant from a further source for heat exchange with the working fluid in the working fluid circulation circuit, wherein the further source is at different heat level than the first source during operation of the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A vane-type, hydraulic cam shaft adjuster (1, 20) having a stator (2) and a rotor that is rotatably mounted in relation to the stator (2), wherein at least one locking bolt (10) is provided in order to limit the rotor in relation to the stator (2), in at least one direction of rotation, when the locking bolt is brought into contact with a slot guide (12) of an insert part (4, 21), wherein the insert part (4, 21) is secured in a component (2) that is secured to the stator, wherein the insert part has securing regions, between which securing regions and the component (2) that is secured to the stator there is frictional connection, and wherein the insert part (4, 21) is formed, in terms of material and geometrics, in such a way that a deformation (19) causes a change in length (18) of the insert part (4, 21), involving the friction connection.

Abstract: A valve for use in an internal combustion engine is provided. The valve includes a valve head. The valve head includes a combustion face configured to face a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine. The combustion face includes an angular side portion. The combustion face also includes a central recess portion defining an inner diameter and an outer diameter. The inner diameter and the outer diameter together define a depth of the central recess portion. The valve also includes a neck portion configured to connect the valve head with a valve stem of the valve.

Abstract: A variable valve drive for a lifting valve, such as a charge-exchange valve of an internal combustion engine, that is periodically movable between closed and open positions indirectly by way of a cam via a rocker lever. The variable valve drive includes a switchable rocker lever arrangement for the actuation of the lifting valve, having a transmission rocker lever and a valve rocker lever which are mounted pivotably on different rocker lever axles parallel to the camshaft axis. The valve rocker lever, is in operative contact with the lifting valve at a first end, and has a roller, at a second end. The transmission rocker lever, is in engagement with a cam of the camshaft and, is operatively connected to the roller of the valve rocker lever.

Abstract: A multiple variable valve lift apparatus may include a moving cam formed in a hollow cylindrical shape into which a camshaft is inserted. In particular, the moving cam rotates together with the camshaft, moves in an axial direction of the camshaft, and includes a cam guide protrusion and a plurality of cams realizing different valve lift with each other. Moreover, the apparatus includes: an operating unit selectively guiding the cam guide protrusion; a controller controlling the operating unit; a valve opening/closing unit contacting with any one cam of the cams; and at least two pins disposed at the operating unit so as to guide the cam guide protrusion. The cam guide protrusion includes an inserted portion being selectively inserted between the pins and a shift portion.

Abstract: A first swing arm of each cylinder is swung by a fixed cam of an intake camshaft, so as to operate a first intake valve according to a profile thereof. A second swing arm is swung by a second cam and its swing range is changed by a variable mechanism. Hereby, a lift amount of a second intake valve changes continuously. The second cam is selected from a plurality of cams on a cam piece provided around the intake camshaft.

Abstract: A multiple variable valve lift apparatus may include a first moving cam provided to rotate together with a camshaft and move in an axial direction of the camshaft, and configured to form a first cam guide protrusion and a plurality of cams realizing different valve lifts from each other, a second moving cam provided to rotate together with a second camshaft and move in an axial direction of the second camshaft, and configured to form a second cam guide protrusion and a plurality of cams realizing different valve lifts from each other, a first operating device operated to move the first moving cam in a first direction, a second operating device operated to move the second moving cam in a second direction, a controller configured to control operations of the first operating device and the second operating device, and a valve opening/closing device.

Abstract: A multiple variable valve lift apparatus includes a first moving cam, the first moving cam provided to rotate together with the camshaft and move in an axial direction of the camshaft, a plurality of cams realizing different valve lifts relative to each other, a second moving cam provided to rotate together with the camshaft and move in an axial direction of the camshaft, and forming a second cam guide protrusion and a plurality of cams realizing different valve lifts relative to each other, a first operating unit, a second operating unit, a controller, and a valve opening/closing unit, wherein at least two pins are respectively disposed at the first operating unit and the second operating unit so as to guide the first cam guide protrusion and the second cam guide protrusion, and an interference preventing pin formed to have a relatively large diameter in comparison with the other pin.

Abstract: A valve system is disclosed herein. The valve system, in one arrangement, may comprise: a fluid pathway for transporting a fluid; a first valve operably coupled to the fluid pathway, the first valve comprising a first resilient element; a second valve operably coupled to the fluid pathway, the second valve comprising a second resilient element that is substantially identical to the first resilient element; wherein, when the first valve is in a closed state, the first resilient element is compressed to a first length so that the first valve opens at a first pressure; and wherein, when the second salve is in a closed state, the second resilient element is compressed to a second length so that the second valve opens at a second pressure, the first length is less than the second length such that the second pressure is less than the first pressure.

Abstract: Various embodiments of valve assemblies are provided for use in connection with the fluid systems of machines such as engine-powered machines. The valve assemblies may be used for performing fluid refill operations, fluid evacuation operations, fluid purge operations, and other types of fluid operations in connection with machine maintenance.

Abstract: A method of real-time oil consumption is disclosed. A method of real-time oil consumption detection may comprise capturing a raw oil quantity, calculating a corrected oil quantity, calculating a predicted oil quantity, calculating a prediction error, and calculating an estimated oil consumption rate. Raw oil quantity may be captured from an oil quantity sensor in an engine. Corrected oil quantity may be calculated by taking raw oil quantity and applying environmental and engine operational conditions. Prediction error may be calculated by finding the difference between corrected oil quantity and predicted oil quantity. Oil consumption rate may be calculated by applying a regression algorithm to prediction error.

Abstract: A blow-by gas recirculating apparatus includes: an oil separator provided to a side surface of a cylinder block at one side of an engine; a communication part providing communication between a blow-by gas outlet port of the oil separator and an intake manifold; and a PCV valve. The PCV valve is provided to the intake manifold, and the communication part is connected to the PCV valve. The PCV valve provided to the intake manifold is positioned above the blow-by gas outlet port of the oil separator with the engine mounted on a vehicle.

Abstract: An after-treatment (AT) system for a flow of exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine includes a first AT device and a second AT device in fluid communication with and positioned in the exhaust gas flow downstream of the first AT device. The AT system also includes an exhaust passage configured to carry the exhaust gas flow from the first AT device to the second AT device. The AT system additionally includes an injector configured to introduce a reductant into the exhaust passage. The second AT device includes an inlet cone having a volute defining a spiral primary path for the exhaust gas flow into the second AT device and configured to generate a swirling motion of and turbulence in the exhaust gas flow. A vehicle employing the AT system is also disclosed.

Abstract: An exhaust gas cleaning system for an internal combustion engine is provided with, in an exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine and in order from an upstream side: a hydrocarbon supply unit; an upstream side catalyst unit of an oxidation catalyst, a NOx reduction catalyst, or the like; and a catalyst-equipped fine particle collection filter having a hydrocarbon adsorption function, wherein when a vehicle on which the engine is mounted accelerates after driving for a preset set time period at a temperature of exhaust gas equal to or less than a preset set exhaust gas temperature, the supply of hydrocarbon into the exhaust gas is started when an exhaust gas temperature becomes equal to or more than a preset first set temperature, and the supply of hydrocarbon is terminated when a preset termination condition is satisfied.

Abstract: An exhaust treatment system comprising: a first dosage device, arranged to supply a first additive into said exhaust stream; a first reduction catalyst device, downstream of said first dosage device arranged for reduction of nitrogen oxides in said exhaust stream through the use of said first additive; a particulate filter, at least partly comprising a catalytically oxidizing coating, which is downstream of said first reduction catalyst device to catch soot particles, and to oxidize one or several of nitrogen oxide and incompletely oxidized carbon compounds in said exhaust stream; a second dosage device, downstream of said particulate filter to supply a second additive into said exhaust stream; and a second reduction catalyst device, downstream of said second dosage device for a reduction of nitrogen oxides in said exhaust stream, with the use of at least one of said first and said second additive.

Abstract: A system and method are disclosed for improving the performance of an aftertreatment system by elevating its temperature above an activation temperature. According to at least one aspect of the present disclosure, the method includes injecting a quantity of a fuel into certain fueled cylinders of a plurality of combustion cylinders of an internal combustion engine, the plurality of combustion cylinders further including non-fueled cylinders. Exhaust from the fueled cylinders is directed through the aftertreatment system while uncombusted gas from the non-fueled cylinders is directed away from the aftertreatment system. In certain embodiments, the uncombusted gas may be directed into an intake manifold in fluid communication with the plurality of combustion cylinders through an orifice. The system includes an engine having exhaust valves to control flow of the exhaust and uncombusted gas and a controller configured to perform the operations of the method.

Abstract: A mixing device of an exhaust gas purification system of an internal combustion engine is disclosed. The mixing device includes swirl tube, a mixing tube arranged in the swirl tube, and an exhaust gas supply tube leading into the swirl tube such that exhaust gas can enter the swirl tube tangentially from the exhaust gas supply tube through a cut-out opening in the lateral surface of the swirl tube and forms a flow rotating around the mixing tube. The exhaust gas completely enters the mixing tube and leaves the interior of the swirl tube completely through the mixing tube. A metering device can spray urea solution into the swirl tube such that the urea solution enters the mixing tube and is entrained by the rotating flow of the exhaust gas and is discharged from the swirl tube through the mixing tube together with the exhaust gas.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide an exhaust purifier (1) which is capable of restoring a pressure difference (?P) and a purification rate (NOx removal efficiency) of a NOx catalyst (14) to the initial states thereof.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure may improve the accuracy of diagnosis in diagnosing whether an exhaust gas purification system having an SCR filter is faulty. It is determined that the exhaust gas purification system is faulty if the NOx removal rate with the SCR filter calculated using a measurement value of an NOx sensor is lower than or equal to a predetermined criterion removal rate. In the apparatus, a differential pressure change rate defined as the increase in a converted differential pressure value per unit increase in the filter PM deposition amount is calculated. The value of the criterion removal rate is set higher when the differential pressure change rate at the time when the measurement value of the NOx sensor is obtained is lower than a predetermined threshold than when the differential pressure change rate is higher than or equal to the predetermined threshold.

Abstract: Systems and methods to determine the pressure differential for selective catalytic reduction systems includes a first sensor coupled to an inlet of a selective catalytic reduction system, a second sensor coupled to an outlet of the selective catalytic reduction system, and a controller communicatively coupled to the selective catalytic reduction system. The controller is configured to interpret a first parameter indicative of a first pressure amount of the selective catalytic reduction system measured by the first sensor, interpret a secondary parameter indicative of a secondary pressure amount of the selective catalytic reduction system measured by the second sensor, determine a plurality of operating parameters based, at least in part, on the interpretation of the first parameter and the secondary parameter, and generate a selective catalytic reduction command based, at least in part, on the determination of the plurality of operating parameters.

Abstract: An integrated sensor-catalyst is disclosed for an after-treatment (AT) system used to filter an exhaust gas flow emitted by an internal combustion engine. The integrated sensor-catalyst includes a sensor element configured to detect a parameter of the exhaust gas flow. The integrated sensor-catalyst also includes a micro-catalyst element configured to filter a pollutant from the exhaust gas flow. Additionally, the integrated sensor-catalyst includes a housing configured to hold the sensor element and the micro-catalyst element and fix the micro-catalyst element relative to the sensor element such that the micro-catalyst element is arranged and maintained in the exhaust gas flow upstream of the sensor element. A vehicle including such an AT system with the integrated sensor-catalyst is also disclosed.