Abstract: A method and an associated system for in-situ decontamination of a contaminated soil region (2) which contains degradable pollutants, in which a fluid substance is introduced into the soil (1) using an injection device (4, 4?), wherein the fluid substance is introduced into the soil using a pressure injection method in a pressure-controlled manner and/or with an injection device that has a valve pipe with a pressure-controlled outlet valve.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for applying an EDT texture to an aluminum sheet has a rolling stand with at least one EDT surfaced roll capable of rolling the sheet at reductions<1%. The rolling is conducted with residual or no lubrication and imparts a texture on the scale of about 1 ?m to the surface of the sheet at low roll force.

Abstract: To increase the load-carrying capacity or rolling capacity of a roll assembly in a rolling mill, throttle elements are used, which shut off the lateral flow of the lubricating film in a partial region between the roll neck and the bearing surface of the roll neck bearing assembly, thereby bringing about an increase in pressure in the lubricating film. At least one throttle element is embodied as an annular segment, forming an angular shut-off region for the lubricant in the annular gap. The invention makes it possible for existing installations to be easily retrofitted, without the need for structural modifications. In the case of new installations, the same load-carrying capacity as before can be provided while the dimensions of the installation space are reduced. The load-carrying capacity of the bearing assembly can be flexibly adjusted based on the dimensions of the shut-off region for the flow of lubricant.

Abstract: Equipment for cold-drawing a metal wire. The equipment comprises a sequence of a sleeve and a drawing die in the advancing wire path; the sleeve comprises a hole for inserting the wire to be drawn, and the drawing die comprises a conical hole. The equipment comprises first support means of the sleeve and second support means of the drawing die coupled with each other so as to keep the sleeve and the drawing die in place to allow the wire to advance from the sleeve to the drawing die. The first support means comprises a hole for inserting the metal wire which precedes the hole of the sleeve in the metal wire path; the hole of the first support means is coaxial with the hole of the sleeve and has a smaller diameter than the initial opening of the sleeve hole in the metal wire path.

Abstract: An automatic-alignment load-detection apparatus includes: a drawing die, an adapter ring, a tapered spacer and a force sensor. An automatic-alignment load-detection method includes steps of: providing an automatic-alignment load-detection apparatus used for a wire drawing machine, and applying a pulling force, to enable a wire to pass through the drawing die, the adapter ring, the tapered spacer and the force sensor. At the same time when the wire is being pulled, the wire can pass through the drawing die and rub against the drawing die, to enable the drawing die to apply a force on the adapter ring, the tapered spacer, and the force sensor, so as to further enable the force sensor to detect an axial-direction load, so that a wear degree of the drawing die can be detected in real time by using the axial-direction load, and the quality of a wire can be determined in real time.

Abstract: A method for bending a flat workpiece is provided. The method may include applying heat or pressure to the workpiece at a range within a first width from an edge with a residual stress formed by cutting so as to reduce the residual stress, and bending the workpiece along a bending line after applying the heat or pressure.

Abstract: A method for deriving the position of a pushing roll, applied even when there is a difference between the actual processed shape and a theoretical solution (a numerical analysis solution) due to changes in a state of a processing machine or the bending characteristic of the material to be processed. The rolls have a pyramid-like shape, and the operation amount of a pushing roll is changed while continuously feeding a material, thereby bending the material. Also, for each position of the fixed pushing roll, the radius of curvature of the material is measured and the bending characteristic is grasped in advance. From the design shape, the radius of curvature and the operation amount for bringing the pushing roll into contact are obtained. The operation amount of the pushing roll is then determined.

Abstract: A stamping apparatus for stamping a blank, including a lower die defining a cavity, the lower die including a land portion surrounding the cavity; a movable upper die including a drawing punch that corresponds to the cavity; and a binder movable towards the land portion of the lower die for engaging an edge portion of the blank, wherein the land portion of the lower die includes a plurality of depressions and the movable binder includes a plurality of beads that correspond to the depressions that mate to crimp the edge portion of the blank when the movable binder engages the edge portion of the blank, each of the plurality of depressions between separated by a flat region of the land portion, and each of the plurality of depressions including a central portion that extends along the cavity and a pair of end portions that extend away from the cavity.

Abstract: A guided keeper assembly includes a base, at least one marginal fastener aperture to detachably mount the base to an associated die shoe, and a central guide aperture. A guide pin is closely received in the central aperture of the base. A first end of the guide pin has an enlarged head to positively limit travel between the die shoe and die pad, and an opposite second end with a generally flat terminal shoulder configured for close reception in a blind hole in the die pad. The shoulder has a fastener aperture at a location spaced radially offset from the central axis of the guide pin. A fastener extends through the fastener aperture in the die pad and engages in the fastener aperture in the second end of the guide pin to securely, yet detachably, connect the second end portion of the guide pin with the die pad.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method of producing cutlery and a blanking tool to be used in said method of producing cutlery. In the method a sheet metal is placed on a die. The sheet metal is held fixed on the die by means of a holder. In a blanking stroke a punch cooperates with the die to form at least a part of a circumference of a cutlery blank in the sheet metal while the holder holds the sheet metal fixed on the die. Thereafter the sheet metal is released from the die. The blanking tool comprises an upper part in the form of a punch, an intermediate part in the form of a holder and a lower part in the form of a die. The blanking tool further comprises means to move the punch and the holder together as one unit towards the die during a first part of a blanking stroke for the punch. The punching tool comprises means to move the punch in relation to the holder during a second part of the blanking stroke for the punch.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an arrangement and method for producing a reinforcement cage (100). The arrangement (1000) comprises: a control unit (700), and an assembler (500), the control unit (700) being arranged to provide reinforcement cage information relating to at least one from the group of position, order, and dimension of reinforcement bars in said reinforcement cage (100), and the assembler (500) being arranged to assemble reinforcement bars in accordance with said reinforcement cage information, thus producing said reinforcement cage (100).

Abstract: In a method of treating a material solvent, brass granules, copper granules, and carbon nanotubes are mixed, in the absence of silver, iron pyrite, and graphene, to form a first mixture. The first mixture is then added to a second mixture of brass and copper granules. The first and second mixtures are mixed until all of the granules of the second mixture of brass and copper are uniformly saturated with the first mixture, whereafter the second mixture is dried to form a treated material. The treated material can be mixed with one or more metals in a high-temperature crucible and heated until melted to form a metal alloy. Each of the one or more metals can be a ferrous and/or nonferrous metal. The melted metal alloy can be poured into a mold and allowed to cool and harden. The cooled and hardened metal alloy can be formed into a finished form via drawing through a die; continuous casting; or rolling.

Abstract: A transport device, in particular, for transporting cooling blocks (5) in a casting machine with caterpillar mold, wherein the transport device includes: a plurality of roller elements (4), which circulate endless in a caterpillar-like manner on a circulating path U and is drivable by a drive device (33); at least two parallel guide paths (20), each of which includes one or more roller running surfaces (12a, 12b) and each of which extends over the entire circulating path U; wherein each roller element (4) includes a roller element body (34), which has a first end (35) and a second end (36) in the direction of circulation; each roller element (4) includes at least one roller (10) respectively in the area of the first end (35) and in the area of the second end (36); and the rollers (10) situated in the area of the first end (35) of roller element body (34) roll on roller running surfaces (12a, 12b) different from those of the rollers (10) situated in the area of the second end (36) of the roller element body (3

Abstract: The disclosure herein relates to a method for preparing ceramic grains comprising: making a slurry comprising inorganic particles and a gelling agent; making droplets of the slurry; introducing the droplets in a liquid gelling-reaction medium wherein the droplets are gellified; deforming the droplets before, during or after gellification; drying the gellified deformed droplets, thereby obtaining dried grains and sintering the dried grains, thereby obtaining the ceramic grains. The disclosure herein further relates to ceramic grains obtainable by a disclosed method.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a vehicle part casing using a die-casting apparatus includes preparing a molten aluminum (AL) alloy by heating an Al alloy. A die-casting mold is preheated, and then, the vehicle part casing is molded by pouring the molten Al alloy into the die-casting mold. The vehicle part casing is removed from the die-casting mold and a surface of the vehicle part casing is trimmed. Burs on the vehicle part casing are removed.

Abstract: A method of casting is provided, wherein a molten material is introduced into a mould such that the molten material flows out of the mould, wherein once a desired temperature of the mould is achieved, the molten material is prevented from flowing out of the mould such that the molten material at least partially fills the mould.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for manufacturing a metallic nanowire transparent electrode, including generating a metallic nanowire and chemically reducing the metallic nanowire to connect adjacent metallic nanowires.

Abstract: A process for producing a preform by cold spray deposition, the process comprising: providing a starter substrate about a preform axis of rotation, the starter substrate having at least one axial end having a substantially flat deposition surface; rotating the starter substrate about the preform axis of rotation; depositing material onto the deposition surface of the starter substrate using cold spray deposition to form a product deposition surface, the cold spray deposition process including a cold spray applicator through which the material is sprayed onto the deposition surface; successively depositing material onto a respective top product deposition surface using cold spray deposition to form successive deposition layers of the material; and moving at least one of: the cold spray applicator; or the starter substrate and preform product, relative to the other in an axial direction along the preform axis of rotation to maintain a constant distance between the cold spray applicator and the top product depos

Abstract: A method for producing a porous shaped body may include providing a mixture of a powder including at least one of a metal, a metal alloy, and a ceramic, with a resin/activator mixture. The method may then include introducing the mixture by core shooting into a cavity formed in a forming tool, and solidifying the mixture in the forming tool to give a shaped body. The method may then include heating the shaped body to remove at least one of organic constituents and gases present in the shaped body. The method may further include resolidifying the shaped body by a sintering operation.

Abstract: An apparatus for increasing the bulk density of metal powder includes a sealed chamber, a nozzle, and a target. The sealed chamber has an inert environment. The nozzle is coupled to an inert gas source and is configured to introduce raw metal powder into a flow of the inert gas for discharge as a cold spray mixture of the raw metal powder and the inert gas into the sealed chamber. The target is housed within the sealed chamber and is configured to receive an impact of the cold spray mixture. The nozzle and the target are configured to flatten the raw metal particles into flattened metal particles in response to the cold spray mixture impacting the target.

Abstract: Methods of forming a polycrystalline element comprise disposing a first plurality of particles comprising a superabrasive material, a second plurality of particles comprising the superabrasive material, and a catalyst material in a mold. The first and second pluralities of particles are sintered to form a polycrystalline table comprising a first region having a first permeability and a second region having a second, greater permeability. Catalyst material is at least substantially removed from the polycrystalline table. The polycrystalline table is attached to an end of a substrate, the at least a second region being interposed between the first region and the substrate. Polycrystalline elements comprise a substrate. A polycrystalline table comprising a superabrasive material and having a first region exhibiting a first permeability and at least a second region exhibiting a second, greater permeability is attached to an end of the substrate.

Abstract: A silver particles manufacturing method comprises following steps: providing a silver containing compound; providing an organic solution; adding the silver containing compound into the organic solution, to perform ultrasonic vibrations or a heating process until the silver containing compound is dissolved completely into the organic solution, to form a silver ion solution; performing the ultrasonic vibrations or the heating process, and then let the solution settle down for a period, to form a silver particles synthesized solution; and placing the silver particles synthesized solution into a centrifuge to perform centrifugation and separation, to obtain ?m-scale silver particles and nm-scale silver particles. The silver particles manufacturing method has the advantages of low pollution, low cost, high yield, and mass production.

Abstract: The present application relates to colloidal chemistry, specifically to methods of synthesising silver nanoparticle colloids in a non-aqueous solvent, preferably, in dimethyl sulfoxide. In particular these silver nanoparticles have an average size of 12-20 nm and are in a biocompatible colloidal solution.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a wheel machining technology in which blank quantity is furthest removed by using a 90-degree external turning tool. Under the premise that the rotation direction of a wheel is unchanged, an upper trench of a groove is processed by using a left-handed special cutting-off cutter. Under the premise that the rotation direction of the wheel is unchanged, a lower trench of the groove is processed by using a right-handed special cutting-off cutter. The left-handed special cutter and the right-handed special cutter are added to the wheel machining technology disclosed by the present invention, so as to complete the processing of a groove of an outer wheel rim; a processing program can be pre-edited, so that processed effects conform to the design requirements of drawings of products.

Abstract: A cutting insert of one aspect includes a main body section and a cutting section located at least at the front end side of the main body section, wherein the cutting section includes a top surface and a front cutting edge disposed along a ridge line at an intersection between the top surface and a front side surface, the front cutting edge includes a first section, a second section, and a third section, and a portion of the second section is located above the first section and the third section. The front side surface includes a first region located below the first section, a second region located below the second site, and a third regions located below the third site, wherein an angle of inclination of the second region is greater than angles of inclination of the first region and the third region.

Abstract: A clamping assembly for a clamping device for clamping of a workpiece or tool or a toolholder on machine component with a clamping cone movable axially via a tension rod and several clamping elements arranged spaced from each other in the peripheral direction on the outside of the clamping cone, which can be moved between a radially outer clamped position and a radially inner released position by axial movement of the tension rod. The clamping cone includes two parts movable opposite each other in the axial direction.

Abstract: This application relates generally to a tool for drilling weight placement holes in a model car block or finished model car. The tool has a first segment and a second segment. The second segment extends from the first segment and has at least one hole extending through the second segment for drilling a least one weight placement hole into the model car block or the finished model car.

Abstract: A tool, such as a hole saw, including an open end cap geometry is provided. The end cap includes spokes extending between a hub and a rim. A plurality of openings are defined between the spokes, hub and rim. The area of the openings is substantially large relative to the area of the end cap such that the end cap is relatively lightweight and provides access into the hole saw for debris removal. The spokes are shaped and positioned to provide strength to the end cap.

Abstract: A hole cutter assembly is operable to cut a plurality of different sized diameter holes in a work piece. The hole cutter assembly includes an arbor configured to connect to a power tool for rotation about an axis, and a body coupled to the arbor for rotation with the arbor. The body defines an aperture. The hole cutter assembly includes a drill bit removably received in the aperture of the body for rotation with the arbor, an arm moveably coupled to the body, and a cutting blade coupled to the arm and moveable with the arm relative to the body. The arm is moveable relative to the body to adjust a cutting diameter of the hole cutter assembly when the drill bit is not received within the aperture. The arm is fixed relative to the body when the drill bit is received within the aperture.

Abstract: An anti-vibration damper for tools for machining of metallic work pieces is provided. For improving the damping in order to be more effective under rough includes a vibration damping device received in a hollow cylindrical space of a tool member. The vibration damping device includes a plurality of rotationally symmetrical stacked on top of each other to form a stack. A part of mutually facing upper and lower surfaces of adjacent members is spaced at a distance from each other by elastically deformable elements. The outer diameter of the stack is smaller than the inner diameter of the hollow cylindrical space of the tool member, thereby providing a cylindrical gap, which is substantially filled with spherical balls, wherein clear gap width between the inner diameter of the hollow cylindrical space and the common outer diameter of the stack deviates from any integer sum of the ball diameters.

Abstract: A cutting insert and a cutting tool having same are provided. The cutting insert includes an upper surface, a lower surface having a flat surface, side surfaces connecting to each of the upper surface and the lower surface, and cutting edges being formed by the upper surface and the side surfaces. A first cutting edge among the cutting edges is inclined downward. A major side surface among the side surfaces comprises a first major side surface connected to the upper surface so as to constitute the first cutting edge, and a second major side surface connected to the first major side surface and the lower surface. The first major side surface has a reversely positive surface, and the second major side surface has a reversely positive surface or a negative surface, and a minor side surface among the side surfaces has a positive surface or a negative surface.

Abstract: A cutting insert has: first sub cutting edges at positions corresponding to first corner portions of a polygonal top surface; second sub cutting edges at positions corresponding to second corner portions; and main cutting edges on side portions. In a side view, each of the main cutting edges has a first cutting edge adjacent to the first sub cutting edge, a second cutting edge adjacent to the second sub cutting edge, and a third cutting edge between the first cutting edge and the second cutting edge. Each of the main cutting edges inclines such that the height thereof decreases from a portion adjacent to the first sub cutting edge to a portion adjacent to the second sub cutting edge. An inclination angle of the third cutting edge is greater than inclination angles of the first cutting edge and the second cutting edge.

Abstract: A cutting apparatus includes: a supply part for supplying an object to be cut; a first cutting part for cutting the object to be cut, provided from the supply part; a carrying part arranged to be consecutive to the first cutting part to carry an intermediate cut object, cut by the first cutting part; and a second cutting part arranged to be consecutive to the carrying part to receive and cut the intermediate cut object from the carrying part, wherein the first and second cutting parts comprise saw blade parts movably and rotatably configured to cut the object to be cut or the intermediate cut object, and the saw blade part has a rotary shaft formed on the upper side of the object to be cut or the intermediate cut object.

Abstract: A hole saw includes a base member configured to secure the hole saw to a drive device; and a set of blade members extending from the base member, each blade member including a sawing portion having cutting teeth, the sawing portion having a medial portion connected to the base member, the sawing portion having oppositely extending, freestanding distal ends.

Abstract: A hole saw includes a base member configured to secure the hole saw to a drive device, and a set of blade members extending from the base member. Each of the blade members is attached to the base member at a fixed position, and each of the blade members includes a sawing portion having cutting teeth. The sawing portion has a medial portion connected to the base member where the sawing portion has oppositely extending, freestanding distal ends.

Abstract: In accordance with one embodiment, a reciprocating saw includes a housing, a plunger at least partially positioned within the housing and configured to reciprocate with respect to the housing along a plunger axis, a wobble plate assembly operably connected to the plunger and a motor, a first guide rail supported by the housing and extending longitudinally along the plunger axis, and a spherical component in contact with the first guide rail, the spherical component and the first guide rail configured to inhibit rotation of the wobble plate assembly.

Abstract: A machine for machining a workpiece having a first central longitudinal axis passing through a workpiece plane that is disposed orthogonally relative to the first central longitudinal axis is provided. The machine includes a chuck or fixture on which the workpiece is disposable, a grinding spindle having a body, a wheel supporting an abrasive and an insulator electrically isolating the wheel from the body, the wheel being operable to remove material from the workpiece, the grinding spindle having a second central longitudinal axis about which the grinding spindle rotates, the second central longitudinal axis of the grinding spindle passing through the workpiece in the workpiece plane so as to create a continuous gear tooth on the workpiece and an electrochemical grinding (ECG) element configured to execute ECG processing on the grinding spindle and the workpiece to soften the workpiece as the gear tooth is being created by the grinding spindle.

Abstract: A method of printing solder paste on a substrate through minute apertures in a mask member, in which the solder paste is supplied to the apertures of the mask member under less than atmospheric pressure and has a viscosity so that the solder paste is filled in the apertures under atmospheric pressure. It is preferable that the solder paste has a viscosity of 50 through 150 Pa·s and a thixotropic ratio of 0.3 through 0.5. Further, the solder paste is obtained by mixing a flux containing solvent having a boiling point such that volatilization thereof is suppressed under the less than atmospheric pressure and solder powders. It is preferable that in the flux, the solvent having the boiling point of 240° C. or more is used and the solvent is octanediol.

Abstract: A method of welding a ferritic stainless steel part to a carbon steel part is described. The method comprises arc welding (e.g. GTAW welding) the ferritic stainless steel part to the carbon steel part using a duplex stainless steel filler metal. Welded article made in this way is useful for industrial electrolyzers and particularly for corrosion resistant cathode and carrier plate assemblies in a sodium chlorate electrolyzer.

Abstract: An automated welding system includes a welding robot and control circuitry. The welding bug robot includes a welding torch. The welding bug robot is configured to move on a track disposed around a circumference of a first pipe and perform a root pass welding operation at a joint between the first pipe and a second pipe. The control circuitry is configured to control movement of the welding bug robot around the circumference of the first pipe, apply a high energy welding phase via the welding torch to establish a first root condition, and apply a low energy welding phase via the welding torch to establish a second root condition.

Abstract: A wire feeder includes a tensioner with a discrete number of compressive force settings for applying a desired compressive force to welding wire fed through the wire feeder is provided. The tensioner includes an adjustment knob with a discrete number of detents disposed along a helical surface adjacent an inner bore of the adjustment knob. The tensioner also includes a pin extending from an end of a tensioning post located in the inner bore, the pin being configured to align with the detents of the adjustment knob. Rotation of the adjustment knob adjusts alignment of the pin among the discrete number of detents, which correspond to the discrete number of compressive force settings.

Abstract: A method of controlling a weld penetration profile on a workpiece (306) having an outer region and an inner region is described. The method comprises the step of applying energy to the outer region of the workpiece with a welder (302) to produce a weld pool (304). The method also comprises the steps of penetrating the workpiece (306) such that the weld pool (304) spans between the outer region and inner region, and also applying a shielding gas to the inner region at a pressure that provides a force that limits weld penetration. A corresponding apparatus is also defined.

Abstract: A fastening system includes a welding stud that is weldable to a carrier and a disc that is fastened to the welding stud and has an opening. The welding stud has a weld-on portion for welding the welding stud onto the carrier, a flange and a pin-shaped portion having an external thread. The disc has an outside diameter which is greater than a diameter of the flange. The pin-shaped portion has a thread-free region which is arranged between the flange and the external thread, and the disc has a latch configured for pushing the disc over the external thread and by which the disc is latched in place in the thread-free region.

Abstract: A welding electrode suitable for resistance spot welding applications includes a first portion, a second portion, and a reduced diameter portion that extends between and connects the first and second portions. The first portion includes a weld face and the second portion includes a mounting base that opens to an internal recess having a cooling pocket. The reduced diameter portion extends between a back surface of the first portion and a front surface of the second portion such that a gap separates the back and front surfaces from each other. The gap may be vacant or filled with a low conductivity material. The disclosed welding electrode may be used in conjunction with another welding electrode to resistance spot weld a workpiece stack-up that includes an aluminum workpiece and an adjacent overlapping steel workpiece.

Abstract: A hot clamping method includes: blanking to cut a material; cold-working to cool down the cut material to produce a product having a shape of a completed product; heating the cooled product in a heating furnace; and clamping cooling to set the heated product in a clamp to clamp it so that it is in contact with the clamp to be cooled down.

Abstract: The friction stir welding apparatus includes a pin (20) on which a soft nitrided layer (50) is formed. The soft nitrided layer (50) is formed of an iron lithium oxide layer (51) and a nitrided diffusion layer (52). The atom of the iron lithium oxide layer (51) penetrates into a space between atoms at the surface of the pin (20) to form the nitrided diffusion layer (52).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for laser-based machining of a planar, crystalline substrate in order to separate the substrate into a plurality of parts, in which the laser beam of a laser is directed, for machining the substrate, onto the latter, in which, with an optical arrangement positioned in the beam path of the laser, a laser beam focal surface which is expanded, viewed both along the beam direction and viewed in precisely a first direction perpendicular to the beam direction, but is not expanded in a second direction which is both perpendicular to the first direction and to the beam direction, is formed from the laser beam radiated onto said arrangement on the beam output side of the optical arrangement, the substrate being positioned relative to the laser beam focal surface such that the laser beam focal surface in the interior of the substrate, along an expanded surface portion of the substrate material, produces an induced absorption by means of which crack formations in the substrate m

Abstract: Vision correction and tracking systems may be used in laser machining systems and methods to improve the accuracy of the machining. The laser machining systems and methods may be used to scribe one or more lines in large flat workpieces such as solar panels. In particular, laser machining systems and methods may be used to scribe lines in thin film photovoltaic (PV) solar panels with accuracy, high speed and reduced cost. The vision correction and/or tracking systems may be used to provide scribe line alignment and uniformity based on detected parameters of the scribe lines and/or changes in the workpiece.

Abstract: A laser machining apparatus includes a height controller that performs an approach operation. The height controller uses a first approach speed and a first gain when performing the approach operation in a non-peripheral-edge portion of the workpiece, and uses a second approach speed lower than the first approach speed and a second gain lower than the first gain when performing the approach operation in a peripheral edge portion of the workpiece, and to make the time required when the approach operation is performed in the non-peripheral-edge portion of the workpiece shorter than the time required when the approach operation is performed in the peripheral edge portion of the workpiece.

Abstract: The invention relates to a monitoring apparatus (10) for a processing system for processing a workpiece (W) by means of a high-energy processing beam (38), in particular in a spatially limited processing area, wherein the monitoring apparatus (10) comprises a measurement beam source (16), which is designed to supply a measurement beam (18) and a recording unit (22), which is designed to detect a component (24) of the measurement beam reflected by the surroundings, wherein the monitoring apparatus (10) is designed to input the measurement beam (18) into a processing beam optics (34) of the processing system, so that the measurement beam (18) and the processing beam (38) can be directed at common positions in the surroundings, wherein the monitoring apparatus (10) is also designed to ascertain at least one distance value (d), which enables a conclusion about a distance from the processing beam optics (34) to the region (X) of the surroundings reflecting measurement beam (18), on the basis of the reflected compo