Abstract: A test weight system includes a first assembly having a first body member and a plurality of ear members arranged about the first body member. The test weight system also includes a second assembly interlocked with the first assembly, the second assembly having a second body member defining a plurality of slots. A portion of each ear member extends through one of the plurality of slots.

Abstract: The present technology is directed to apparatuses, systems, and methods for improving the performance of non-contact vibrometers in the presence of platform motion and speckle noise. In addition, systems and methods are described that allow intentional frequency displacement of heterodyne and/or homodyne vibrometer returns to enable disambiguation of the sign of the vibration direction in the presence or absence of platform motion.

Abstract: Microelectromechanical (MEMS) sensors and control interfaces, control, interface components, protocols, systems, and methods are described. An exemplary control interface can comprise one or more predefined symbols that facilitate control of a MEMS sensor over an existing pin of a package comprising one or more MEMS sensors. Provided implementations described read/write protocols that enable reading and/or writing internal registers associated with MEMS sensors and/or other electronic components or portions thereof. Embodiments of the subject disclosure can provide flexible and reusable control interfaces for MEMS sensors and associated protocols.

Abstract: A diagnostic unit is used to align and focus individual laser sources in a spectral beam combining (SBC) laser. The diagnostic unit modifies a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor to dedicate one or more microlenses to a particular wavelength of the SBC laser using wavelength-specific filters in combination with corresponding microlenses. The diagnostic unit allows all of the laser sources to be evaluated at the same time because each wavelength has a dedicated portion of the sensor, typically a charge-coupled display. When an individual beam is centered in its dedicated portion of the sensor and has an acceptable spot size or intensity, the source for that particular beam is correctly aligned and focused. Off-center or incorrect spot-sized beams indicate incorrect alignment and focus for the laser source for that wavelength. When correctly calibrated, the sensor output can also be used to measure and correct power output levels of the individual laser sources.

Abstract: An electronic device comprising: an ultraviolet (UV) light sensor; and a processor configured to: generate a plurality of initial UV light measurements by using the UV light sensor, wherein each of the plurality of initial UV light measurements is associated with a respective orientation of the electronic device; and select a reference UV light measurement from the plurality.

Abstract: Provided an ultraviolet-sensing sheet that facilitates measurement of ultraviolet irradiance over a wide area, that is suitable in ultraviolet irradiance in a range from 1 to 1,000 mJ/cm2, a method for manufacturing such an ultraviolet-sensing sheet, and a method for sensing ultraviolet. The ultraviolet-sensing sheet has a change in reflection density ?D1 of 0.2 or more over a range of cumulative illuminance 1 mJ/cm2 or more and less than 10 mJ/cm2, a change in reflection density ?D2 of 0.2 or more over a range of cumulative illuminance 10 mJ/cm2 or more and less than 100 mJ/cm2, and a change in reflection density ?D3 of 0.2 or more over a range of cumulative illuminance 100 mJ/cm2 or more and 1,000 mJ/cm2 or less, as measured at a wavelength of 365 nm when the ultraviolet-sensing sheet is irradiated with a high-pressure mercury lamp.

Abstract: The disclosure is related systems and method for improved accuracy and precision in Raman spectroscopy. In one embodiment, a device may comprise a Raman spectroscopic apparatus configured to determine a property of a sample by directing photons at the sample and measuring a resulting Raman scattering, a positioning apparatus capable of manipulating a position of the sample, and the device being configured to selectively adjust a focus of the Raman spectroscopic apparatus to adjust an intensity of the Raman scattering. Another embodiment may be a method comprising performing a depth focus Raman spectra screening on a sample to determine a depth focus with a maximum-intensity Raman spectra, wherein the depth focus spectra screening comprises performing Raman spectra scans on the sample at a plurality of depth foci, and modifying a process based on a result of the Raman spectra scan at the depth focus with the maximum-intensity Raman spectra.

Abstract: An imaging spectrometer, covering the visible through infrared wavelengths, which disperses the light by a plane diffraction grating behind a wedged optical element. This design uses an achromatic doublet lens with a reflective coating on its convex back surface to produce the spectra on a flat detector. Spatial keystone distortion and spectral smile are controlled to less than one tenth of a pixel over the full wavelength range, facilitating the use of simple retrieval algorithms.

Abstract: Current apparatuses and methods for analysis of spectroscopic optical coherence tomography (SOCT) signals suffer from an inherent tradeoff between time (depth) and frequency (wavelength) resolution. In one non-limiting embodiment, multiple or dual window (DW) apparatuses and methods for reconstructing time-frequency distributions (TFDs) that applies two windows that independently determine the optical and temporal resolution is provided. For example, optical resolution is provided. For example, optical resolution may relate to scattering information about a sample, and temporal resolution may be related to absorption or depth related information. The effectiveness of the apparatuses and methods is demonstrated in simulations and in processing of measured OCT signals that contain fields which vary in time and frequency. The DW technique may yield TFDs that maintain high spectral and temporal resolution and are free from the artifacts and limitations commonly observed with other processing methods.

Abstract: Provided is a measuring method capable of accurately measuring the surface temperature of a surface to be measured, uninfluenced by the emissivity distribution of the surface to be measured. A surface to be measured having an emissivity distribution, a radiometer that measures a radiance distribution of the surface to be measured, and an auxiliary heat source installed in a specular reflection position from the radiometer with respect to the surface to be measured are prepared, radiances of two places having different emissivities of the surface to be measured are measured at two different auxiliary-heat-source temperatures, a reflectance ratio of the two places having the different emissivities is calculated on the basis of two measured radiances of the two places having the different emissivities, and temperature of the surface to be measured is obtained using reflectance ratio and measured radiances of the two places having different emissivities.

Abstract: Systems that enable observing celestial bodies during daylight or in under cloudy conditions.

Abstract: An infrared detection element includes a substrate, a lower electrode layer, a pyroelectric layer, and an upper electrode layer. The lower electrode layer is fixed to the substrate, and the pyroelectric layer is formed on the lower electrode layer. The upper electrode layer is formed on pyroelectric layer. The lower electrode layer contains pores therein and has a larger thermal expansion coefficient than the pyroelectric layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a time-temperature indicator system useful for monitoring the time and temperature exposure of foods, nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, chemicals and other products. The system provides improved time-temperature sensitivity, time-temperature sensitivity control and a response which better reflects that of the reactions leading to quality loss of the monitored product. Further, the invention also relates to a combination comprising a time-temperature indicator system and a product storage container or a bag closure device. A method for producing said time-temperature indicator system is also part of the present invention.

Abstract: The temperature sensor includes a voltage generator and a temperature code generator. The voltage generator includes a first temperature element having a first resistance value and a second temperature element having a second resistance value and utilizes the first and second temperature elements to generate a temperature voltage signal having a voltage level that varies according to a variation in temperature. The voltage generator generates a reference voltage signal having a substantially constant voltage level regardless of the variation in temperature. The temperature code generator compares a voltage level of the temperature voltage signal with a voltage level of the reference voltage signal to generate a plurality of temperature code signals including information on the variation in temperature based on the comparison.

Abstract: An optical fiber temperature distribution measurement device for measuring a temperature distribution along a longitudinal direction of an optical fiber is provided.

Abstract: To provide an OFDR device and an OFDR method capable of measuring a large strain distribution or a large temperature distribution within a narrow measured wavelength range by using an FBG. A measured optical fiber 13 includes a plurality of gratings that is overlappingly formed in order to reflect a plurality of different wavelengths. An OFDR device 1 measures a strain distribution or a temperature distribution of the measured optical fiber 13 on the basis of the result of detection by a measuring range non-inclusion detector 26 that detects gratings of the plurality of gratings of which the reflected wavelengths are not included in the measured wavelength range from the peak wavelengths detected by a peak wavelength detector on the basis of measured wavelength range non-inclusion detecting condition data (Ds) in which a predetermined measured wavelength range is set in the direction of the axis of the peak wavelengths.

Abstract: A handheld analyte meter, such as a blood glucose meter, has a measurement module, a rechargeable battery and a charging control to select a maximum charging current to regulate self-heating during recharging that can interfere with analyte tests. Self-heating by the meter can bias temperature measurements made inside the meter that are used to determine whether the temperature is acceptable for testing. Prior to beginning a charging session, the charging control selects the maximum charging current that does not change during the charging session based capacity of a charging source along with a first temperature measured near the battery that is compared with a first temperature range. By selecting the maximum charging current in this manner, the risk of the measurement module preventing a test under high lock-out conditions and the risk of the measurement module allowing a test when low lock-out conditions that are masked is reduced.

Abstract: The invention regards a method for estimating the temperature of a semiconductor chip accommodated in a power semiconductor device in operation, such as an IGBT power module, the method comprising the steps of; while the power semiconductor device is in operation determining a voltage drop over the power semiconductor device for a value of applied load current and; estimating the temperature of the semiconductor chip by evaluating the relationship between the determined voltage drop and the value of applied load current on the basis of a semiconductor chip temperature model. The invention also regards the corresponding apparatus for estimating the temperature of a semiconductor chip, as well as a wind turbine comprising such an apparatus.

Abstract: A temperature sensor includes a sensor body and a wedge extension. The sensor body extends from a sensor base to an opposed sensor tip along a longitudinal axis. The sensor body has a leading edge and opposed trailing edge. The sensor body also has an interior flow passage with an inlet for fluid communication of fluid into the interior flow passage and an outlet for exhausting fluid out from the interior flow passage. The wedge extension is on the sensor body between the sensor tip and the sensor base on the leading edge of the sensor body.

Abstract: A tool for use in locating a pressure measurement device between a surface and a biasing member is provided. The tool includes a first indexing member configured to couple to a first side of the pressure measurement device, and a second indexing member configured to couple to a second opposing side of the pressure measurement device. The second indexing member includes an outer surface including a recess sized to receive at least a portion of the biasing member. The first and second indexing members are configured to be pressed between the biasing member and the surface such that the first and second indexing members compress against the pressure measurement device.

Abstract: A strain transmitter for detecting strain of a structure includes a strain body, which has a strain axis with fastening devices for fastening the strain body on a structure, and a measurement element, which is arranged centrally between the fastening devices on the strain axis. The measurement element includes a metal sheet. The entire surface of a statically measuring, piezo-resistant silicon chip, which is connected to a full bridge and emits a voltage in the strained state proportional to the level of strain, is applied to the metal sheet. The measurement element includes a printed circuit board, and electric contacts are guided from the silicon chip along the printed circuit board.

Abstract: A load cell for transmitting load data of a polished rod in a rod pump system includes an outer shell having a u-shaped structure with two protrusions, the u-shaped structure configured to receive the polished rod, and the outer shell configured to be positioned between a rod clamp and a clamping bar of the rod pump system. Internal to the outer shell is a load sensor, a load signal processor, a modulator, a battery, and a charger, whereby the load cell measures a load on the polished rod and wirelessly transmits load signal data via a wireless transmitter internal to the outer shell but with an antenna that protrudes from the outer shell. Also internal to the outer shell is a battery which is charged by an external solar panel via the charger. The battery, charger, and solar panel provide power to the load cell.

Abstract: A fiber-optic force sensor, comprising an FBG fiber that has a force sensor region, to which bracing means to eliminate or decouple laterally effective forces and bending moments are assigned in such a way that the force sensor has a predominantly single-axis response characteristic to detect merely the magnitude of a force acting axially in the fiber direction.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus, including computer program products, are provided for determining rail stress. The method may include generating at least one ultrasonic guided wave to enable the at least one ultrasonic guided wave to propagate through a rail; detecting at least one of a fundamental frequency component of the at least one ultrasonic guided wave, one or more harmonics of the at least one ultrasonic guided wave, and/or a mixing component of the at least one ultrasonic guided wave; and determining a stress of the rail based on at least a nonlinearity parameter determined from the detected at least one of the fundamental frequency component, the one or more harmonics, and the mixing component. Related apparatus, systems, methods, and articles are also described.

Abstract: A torque sensor includes a first magnet fixed to a first shaft, a tubular magnetic yoke assembly in which a magnetic yoke core is molded with a resin member, and a first magnetic sensor that detects a magnetic flux from the first magnet induced by the magnetic yoke core. The torque sensor also includes a collar made of a ferromagnetic body that is fixed to an inner circumference of the magnetic yoke assembly and to which a second shaft is press-fitted and fixed, and a second magnet for an index sensor that is disposed on an outer circumference of the magnetic yoke assembly. At least a part of the collar is disposed between the magnetic yoke core and the second magnet with respect to an axial direction of the magnetic yoke assembly.

Abstract: A hole is formed in a substrate of a magnetic detection device, the hole being spaced away from an outer edge of the substrate. Magnetic detection elements of a magnetic sensor detects magnetic field formed at first and second collector portions. A mold section encapsulates the magnetic detection elements. The magnetic sensor is surface mounted such that a portion of the mold section overlaps with the hole. The first collector portion faces a front surface of the magnetic sensor. A portion of the second collector portion is positioned in the hole to face a rear surface of the magnetic sensor. Accordingly, compared to a case where a hole is not provided, a magnetic circuit gap between the first and second collector portions is reduced.

Abstract: A cutout portion is formed in a substrate of a magnetic detection device, the cutout portion opening at an outer edge of the substrate. Magnetic detection elements of a magnetic sensor detects magnetic field formed by first and second collector portions. A mold section encapsulates the magnetic detection elements. The magnetic sensor is surface mounted such that a portion of the mold section overlaps with the cutout portion. The first collector portion faces a front surface of the magnetic sensor. A portion of the second collector portion is positioned in the cutout portion to face a rear surface of the magnetic sensor. Accordingly, compared to a case where a cutout portion is not provided, a magnetic circuit gap between the first and second collector portions is reduced.

Abstract: A sensing device for detecting the amount of torque transmitted through a shaft. The device has a first and second section interconnected by a flexure arrangement to which permanent magnets are attached. Deflections of the flexures produce a repeatable and proportional change of magnetic flux which flows in a stationary annular ring that is concentrically mounted with respect to the shaft and separated from it by an air gap. The annular ring is instrumented with an array of magnetic field sensors that measure the changing magnetic flux.

Abstract: A liquid metering pump includes an intake nozzle (2) provided with an intake valve (3) communicating with a working chamber (4) in which a piston (5) can be moved in an alternating translation movement, suction being produced, with the intake valve open, when the piston moves away from the nozzle, and delivery being produced, with the intake valve closed and liquid emerging through an outlet valve, when the piston moves towards the nozzle. The pump includes, between the intake valve (3) and the working chamber (4), a device (D) for detecting the variation in pressure, the device (D) including a duct (10), which is connected at one end to the working chamber (4) and is provided at its other end with the intake valve (3), and an element (11) which is sensitive to the pressure in the duct, the element (11) being mounted in the wall of the duct.

Abstract: A pressure sensor, comprising: a substrate having a measuring membrane, and an electrically conductive cover layer, which has electrical contact elements and is electrically isolated from the substrate by an insulating layer. The cover layer is divided in such a manner that two independent measurements of the respective resistance between two contact elements are possible in two regions electrically isolated from one another. The regions of the cover layer serve to shield external electromagnetic influences from the sensor elements of the measuring membrane, to detect damage to the measuring membrane, as well as for determining exact temperature.

Abstract: A semiconductor pressure sensor for measuring an external pressure exerted on the sensor, comprises a membrane, and a bridge comprising a first and a second resistor pair, arranged on a first resp. second side portion of the membrane. The first resistor pair comprises a first and a second resistor (R1, R2) comprising elongated piezo-resistive strips connected in series, and located closely together, such that R1 and R2 have substantially the same temperature. The sensor has a reduced sensitivity to: a temperature gradient over the membrane, and optionally also a non-uniform stress gradient caused by packaging and a inhomogeneous disturbing electric field perpendicular to the sensor. The piezo-resistive strips of the first and second resistor may be oriented in orthogonal directions of maximum piezo-resistive coefficients. A second bridge may be added outside the membrane, for compensating for package pressure.

Abstract: A pressure difference sensor includes a pressure difference measuring cell, which has a measuring cell platform with pressure contactable measuring chambers in its interior, a first mounting surface and a second mounting surface. The mounting surfaces have a variable separation under pressure loading of the measuring chambers. A first reinforcement element with a first planar reinforcement area and a second reinforcement element with a second planar reinforcement area.

Abstract: A pressure transmitter connectable to a process line provides an output responsive to a pressure in the process line. The transmitter includes a housing having a base with a process end coupled to an interior cavity formed in the housing, a sensor for sensing the pressure and an isolating assembly mounted at the process end of the housing and isolating fluid in the process line from the interior cavity. The isolating assembly includes an isolation diaphragm configured to be fluidically coupled to the process pressure in the process line, and an isolator plug positioned in the process of the housing adapter.

Abstract: A pressure sensor calibration system comprises one or more pressures sensors for calibrating sensor parameters based on a membrane deflection or a membrane displacement from an electrostatic force. A measuring component measures capacitance values corresponding to applied voltages at the electrodes of the one or more pressure sensors. Sensor parameters are derived from capacitance measurements and a pressure measurement, which are utilized by a calibration component for calibration and recalibration of the one or more pressure sensors.

Abstract: A pipe section, such as a pipe elbow, coated with a ceramic coating containing a fusible link displaced within. The link includes two exposed testing leads which are connected to a sensor which sends a signal across the link. Over time, the pipe section and the coating are worn away by material flowing through the pipe. Eventually the fusible link is severed due to the wear, signaling the sensor to send an alert, notifying that the pipe section needs to be replaced. The method of manufacture includes coating a standard pipe section with a ceramic coating, displacing a fusible link therein, and curing the coating. The coating may contain any number of fusible links in any conceivable arrangement.

Abstract: An optical pulse compression reflectometer is provided, which comprises: a single wavelength continuous optical source, an optical splitter, a modulation frequency pulse generating module, an optical directional coupler, an optical fiber under test, an optical coupler, a balanced photoelectric detector, and a pulse compression processing module. The present invention, in addition to overcoming the contradictory constraint between spatial resolution and measurement range in traditional time domain reflectometry and giving to full play the super spatial resolution from frequency modulation technology, has a longer measurement range than that in the optical frequency domain reflectometry.

Abstract: A method for diagnosing abrasion of an electric oil pump rotor includes sensing a driving duty of an oil pump control unit, and determining whether the sensed driving duty of the oil pump control unit is below a set reference value, wherein as a result of the determining, when the driving duty of the oil pump control unit is below the set reference value, it is determined that the electric oil pump rotor is in a worn out state.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide a torque command generation device for generating a motor-generated-torque command that makes it possible to maximize excitation force while ensuring necessary acceleration, and the like, within a limited motor torque range. A torque command generation device is provided with: a maximum torque calculation unit for calculating, according to a motor speed, a maximum torque value for a motor-generated-torque-command signal value; a DC component limiter for calculating a DC signal value; a surplus amplitude calculation unit for calculating a surplus amplitude by subtracting the maximum torque value from the sum of the DC component value; a sine-wave transmitter for generating a sine wave having an amplitude obtained by subtracting the surplus amplitude from a base amplitude; and a summing unit for calculating the motor-generated-torque-command signal value.

Abstract: A first and/or a second electrical machine is tested using a test apparatus that includes a torque transmitter having torque connections for the first and the second electrical machine and an electrical shaft having respective electrical connections for the first and the second electrical machine. The electrical shaft is designed to transmit at least five times as much electrical power between the respective electrical connections as can be supplied by a supply apparatus of the test apparatus from an external electrical energy source to the electrical shaft. This condition is assumed to be satisfied when the test apparatus lacks such a supply apparatus. A corresponding method using such test apparatus is also disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus including a piston bore, exhibiting a longitudinal axis, and a piston, including a piston head and a piston shaft. The piston being axially displace-able within the piston bore along the longitudinal axis. The piston bore and a first surface of the piston head form a first working volume and displacement of the piston alters the first working volume. The apparatus also includes a first plurality of injectors coupled to the first working volume and a first common rail. The first plurality of injectors are configured to inject a hydraulic fluid from the common rail into the first working volume. The first common rail is configured to store the hydraulic fluid at an elevated pressure of 1,000 bar or greater. The apparatus includes a flow path between the first working volume and a reservoir for the hydraulic fluid.

Abstract: A fault detection system is disclosed for predicting bearing failure in a system with a bearing-supported shaft. A position sensor may sense a position of the shaft as the shaft rotates. A controller may receive, from the position sensor, position data indicating a plurality of sensed positions of the shaft. The controller may determine a position or velocity profile for the shaft based upon the received position data and may determine a frequency profile based upon the position or velocity profile. The controller may identify a characteristic of the frequency profile, and identify an expected bearing failure based upon the identified characteristic.

Abstract: A method of estimating a current soot output from an engine includes sensing a mass flow rate of a flow of exhaust gas from the engine, and defining a soot output base rate of the engine when the engine is operating at a reference state. A soot ratio for a current operating state of the engine is calculated. The mass flow rate, the soot output base rate, and the soot ratio are multiplied together to define an estimated value of the current soot output from the engine. The soot ratio is based on current engine operating parameters, including an air/fuel ratio of the engine, an exhaust gas recirculation ratio of the engine, a fuel injection pressure of the engine, and a fuel injection timing of the engine.

Abstract: A method for testing a tire's resistance to pressure loss following a puncture includes inserting a plurality of puncturing objects through a wall of the tire, running the tire with the puncturing objects therein over a given distance with a regulated inflation pressure, stopping the running of the tire, and determining a pressure loss resistance index for each puncture based on an estimate of a leak rate of the puncture. In a first phase of the method, the puncturing objects are made up of pointed smooth-walled objects, such as nails, and the running is performed in such a way that the puncturing objects are not ejected during running. In a second phase of the method, the puncturing objects are made up of objects that are pointed but have walls bearing a screw thread, such as screws, and the running is performed at speeds of below 80 km/h.

Abstract: A single-use coring probe for collecting a frozen aliquot from a frozen biological sample includes a hollow coring bit and an ejector adapted. The ejector is operable to eject a frozen sample core from the bit as it moves from a retracted position to an extended position. Use of the ejector converts the probe to a disabled configuration to discourage reuse of the coring probe to obtain another sample. The probe may include a locking mechanism adapted to prevent re-use of the single-use coring probe by locking the ejector in the extended position. A hand-held coring device can be used to take frozen sample cores from frozen samples. A tissue container is suitable for holding a frozen tissue sample in frozen storage and also for holding the sample while the sample is sectioned and/or a full-depth frozen sample core is extracted from the frozen tissue.

Abstract: Sample taking device for extracting a fluid sample from a vessel comprising: a cover portion for closing the vessel such that, in use a headspace is defined between the cover portion and fluid held in the vessel, a sampling chamber comprising a sampling inlet and a sampling outlet, a cannula adapted to provide, in use, fluid communication between the fluid held in the vessel and the sampling chamber through the sampling inlet, and ports to operate the device in at least two operating conditions: a sample preparing condition in which a pressure in the headspace is greater than that of the sampling chamber such that fluid flows through the cannula towards the sampling chamber and can be retained therein, and a sample dispensing condition in which fluid retained in the sampling chamber can be delivered through the sampling outlet and fluid remaining inside the cannula can return to the vessel.

Abstract: An automated small particle distribution system is provided for transferring small particles from source tubes to destination tubes. The system includes a loading deck that is structured and operable to store and provide a plurality of source tube trays and a plurality of destination tube trays. Each source tube tray includes a plurality of source tubes stored therein, and each destination tube tray includes a plurality of destination tubes stored therein. The system additionally includes a work deck is structured and operable to receive selected source tube trays and selected destination tube trays from the loading deck, aspirate various specified amounts of small objects stored in selected source tubes, and deposit the aspirated small objects into selected destination tubes without cross-contamination of small objects.

Abstract: A Z-axis test coupon structure and method for additive manufacturing process are disclosed. An example method of fabricating Z-axis test coupons for additive manufacturing processes, includes fabricating tensile specimens, the fabricating of the tensile specimens including providing a web between adjacent ones of the tensile specimens, and the fabricating of the tensile specimens including using an additive manufacturing process, removing the web from between the adjacent ones of the tensile specimens, and testing a tensile strength of one of the tensile specimens.

Abstract: A device (100) of characterization of the elastic properties of a friction material, comprising: —a support yoke (1) having a body (2) with a monoblock structure surrounding an inner chamber (3); —said inner chamber (3) being defined superiorly by a first monoblock body portion (2) or upper crossbar (4); —said inner chamber (3) being defined inferiorly by a second monoblock body portion (2) or lower crossbar (5); —said upper (4) and lower (5) crossbars being mutually connected by two side columns (6, 7) formed by a third and a fourth monoblock body portions (2); —said monoblock body comprising at least one access opening (8) to the inner chamber (3); —said upper crossbar comprising a threaded through hole (9) defining a device axis (X-X) arranged substantially orthogonal to said upper crossbar (4) and said lower crossbar (5) fully passing through the inner chamber (3); —said support yoke <(1) houses, substantially completely in said inner chamber (3), a measuring column (10); said measuring column (10) com

Abstract: Disclosed is a metal oxide semiconductor gas sensor having a nanostructure, the metal oxide semiconductor gas sensor including: a substrate; a first electrode formed on the substrate; a gas sensing layer provided on the first electrode, made of a metal oxide semiconductor which has a nanostructure and of which electrical conductivity changes when the metal oxide semiconductor reacts with gas to be sensed, and formed by oblique angle deposition; a second electrode formed on the metal oxide semiconductor; and a control unit for measuring the electrical conductivity of the gas sensing layer to sense the gas by applying a predetermined amount of current through the first and the second electrodes.

Abstract: A method for determining the size distribution of a mixture of molecule or particle species including the steps of: injecting a sample of the mixture to be analyzed inside a capillary in which an eluent is flowing; transporting the sample injected along the capillary from an injection section to a detection section thereof, in experimental conditions suitable to generate a Taylor dispersion phenomenon that is measurable at the level of the detection section; generating, by a suitable sensor included in the detection section, a signal characteristic of the Taylor dispersion of the transported sample; processing the detection signal in order to obtain an experimental Taylor signal S(t); and analyzing the experimental Taylor signal ?(t), wherein the step of analyzing an experimental Taylor signal ?(t) of a sample of the mixture consists of searching an amplitude distribution P(G(c)) that allows the experimental Taylor signal ?(t)? to be broken down into a sum of Gaussian functions.