Abstract: A system and method to detect the fundamental frequency of an electric input signal using a feedback control loop including a phase error detector, a loop controller, and a digitally controlled oscillator. The frequency detector may detect the fundamental frequency of an electric input signal and produce an output signal representing the fundamental frequency of the electric input signal. The frequency detector may further include a filter that may be coupled to the frequency detector output signal in order to remove spurious tones or noise from the output signal.

Abstract: Methods and devices are disclosed for testing an acoustic probe having transducing elements for converting between acoustic and electrical signals. An electrical signal is generated at a frequency with a testing device capable of generating electrical signals over a range of frequencies. The electrical signal is transmitted to at least some of the transducing elements to measure a complex impedance and thereby evaluate a performance of the transducing elements.

Abstract: A method measures a resistance of an element that is operably coupled to receive an AC line voltage. The method includes obtaining a first voltage measurement value V1A from a first side of the element at a first time, and obtaining a second voltage measurement value V2A from a second side of the element at the first time. The method also includes obtaining a first current measurement value IA through the element at the first time, and obtaining a second current measurement value IB through the element at the second time. The method further includes obtaining a third voltage measurement value V1B from the first side of the element at a second time, and obtaining a fourth voltage measurement value V2B from the second side of the element at the second time. The processing device determines the resistance at least in part based on the values V1A, V2A, V1B, V2B, IA and IB. The determination based on an adjusted difference of V2B and V2A.

Abstract: A method for detecting the presence of a receiver in an inductively coupled power transfer system having a transmitter and receiver. The method includes switching on a transmitter converter at a first frequency, measuring the inrush current and determining whether there is a receiver present. In another method, the inrush current is measured for a range of transmitter frequencies, and the variation in current is used to determine where there is a receiver present. In another method, the inrush current is measured when there is a change in voltage in the transmitter, and the variation in current is used to determine where there is a receiver present. In another method, the current supplied to the transmitter converter is measured over two transmitter frequencies, and the variation in current is used to determine where there is a receiver present.

Abstract: A method of measuring phase noise (PN). A PLL frequency synthesizer is provided including a first phase frequency detector (PFD) receiving a reference frequency signal coupled to a first charge pump (CP) coupled to a VCO having an output fedback to the first PFD through a feedback divider that provides a divided frequency signal to the first PFD which outputs an error signal, and PN measurement circuitry including a replica CP coupled to an output of a second PFD or the first PFD. The error signal is received at the replica CP or the divided and reference frequency signal are received at the second PFD, wherein the replica CP outputs a scaled phase error current which is current-to-voltage converted and amplified to provide an amplified phase error voltage, and digitized to provide a digital phase error signal. The digital phase error signal is frequency analyzed to generate a PN measurement.

Abstract: A sump, ejector, or other pump monitor configured to monitor the amperage of electric current power supplied through the pump monitor to a pump and communicate one or more signals regarding the amperage or variations in amperage to a remote signal receiving device which indicate a predicted failure or actual failure of the pump. In various embodiments, the pump monitor operates with a remote pump failure warning system. The remote signal receiving device or remote pump failure warning system provides suitable warnings to one or more user access devices.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and other embodiments associated with testing a cable are described. According to one embodiment, an integrated circuit device includes a transmitter, a receiver, cable tester logic and a cable test control logic. The transmitter is configured to transmit signals to a cable. The receiver is configured to receive signals from the cable. The cable tester logic includes an echo tester configured to identify peaks corresponding to echo canceller coefficients that model an impulse response of reflected signals received by the receiver and a power-based cable tester configured to determine a power-based cable length based on an attenuation of a signal received from the link partner. The cable test control logic is configured to selectively activate one or both of the echo tester and the power-based tester and to determine a cable length based, at least in part, on the power-based cable length and the identified peaks.

Abstract: A clamp meter configured to receive a removable and rechargeable battery pack. The clamp meter includes a main body having a first axis, a handle, a clamp, a trigger, and a display. The handle has a second axis and includes a first recess configured to receive the battery pack. The first recess includes at least first and second electrical terminals which are exposed when the battery pack is not inserted into the first recess. The second axis forms an oblique angle with the first axis, and the battery pack is inserted into the first recess along the second axis. The clamp is coupled to the main body, aligned with the first axis, and operable to measure an electrical characteristic of a conductor based on an induced current. The trigger is operable to selectively open and close the clamp, and the display configured to display an indication of the electrical characteristic.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure include a method of operating an arc fault detection system, an arc fault detection system, and a system. An embodiment is a method of operating an arc fault detection system coupled to a power line, the method including determining one or more arc fault detection windows in power line signals on the power line, the power line signals comprising a communication signal and an alternating current (AC) power signal. The method further includes receiving the power line signals from the power line during the one or more arc fault detection windows, and performing arc fault detection processing on the received power line signals.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an apparatus and method for detecting a fault in a digitizer. The apparatus includes a function generator for generating test signals, a transmitting switch for transmitting the test signals generated by the function generator to a selective part or all of X- and Y-channels of a transmitting digitizer, a receiving digitizer arranged in a shape identical to that of the transmitting digitizer to be adjacent to the transmitting digitizer, the receiving digitizer receiving reception signals produced by the transmitting digitizer, a receiving switch for receiving resulting signals, generated by the receiving digitizer in response to the reception signals, from a selective part or all of X- and Y-channels of the receiving digitizer, a channel controller for controlling the transmitting switch and the receiving switch, a data collection unit for collecting the resulting signals, and an analysis unit for analyzing the collected resulting signals.

Abstract: An electric leak detector (108) for a vehicle includes a coupling capacitor (210) that has a terminal (A) connected to an on-vehicle high voltage device (110) and a terminal (B) connected to a repetitive signal output circuit (212). The coupling capacitor (210) repeatedly performs a charge operation and a discharge operation in response to a repetitive signal (PLS). Determination thresholds are calculated based on a voltage applied to the terminal (A) of the coupling capacitor (210) and an atmospheric temperature. A detected charge period and a detected discharge period are compared with the determination thresholds, to thereby determine a leakage state.

Abstract: A terminal testing device provides an adapter customized to a port of a connector being tested so that force applied to the adapter identifies loose and fixed terminals in the connector. The adapter includes springs and push pins that correspond in number to the number of terminals being tested and has a face plate that corresponds to the type of connector being tested. The push pins provide force against the terminal end. Specifically, the device seats the adapter and connector to align both and permit force to be in line with terminal ends. The force applied to the terminal ends is uniform and controlled by means of the adapter and is obtained by a single driving means.

Abstract: A distance from a measurement point to a fault in a three-phase circuit is determined. The measurement point is located at an output of a power sub-station and the three phase circuit has a loop circuit having an associated net fault line current and a ground current. A derivative of the net fault line current of the loop circuit as measured from the measurement point is calculated. An uncompensated distance to the sub-cycle fault using at least the derivative of the net fault current is determined, and configured, to compensate for the ground current of the loop circuit. The compensation is applied to the uncompensated distance to produce a compensated distance to the sub-cycle fault.

Abstract: On an EP substrate 1, an EP layer 2 having a conductivity type different from that of the EP substrate 1 is grown. With ion implantation, a well 5 having the same conductivity type as the EP layer 2 is formed, and a channel stop layer 10 is also formed. A dopant having a conductivity type different from that of the well 5 is diffused in the well 5 to form a pn junction 7 in the well 5. A plurality of cells 20 each having the diffusion layer 6 as one electrode and a rear surface 1a as the other electrode are formed as a TEG. Using the TEG, junction leakage currents from two depletion layers, a depletion layer 8 in the well and a depletion layer 4 at an interface between the EP layer 2 and the EP substrate 1, are measured.

Abstract: A wafer test apparatus includes a probe station comprising a probe card that contacts a wafer positioned on a chuck during a wafer test. A test head is disposed on the probe card and tests electrical characteristics of a semiconductor chip positioned on the wafer. A probe card horizontality adjustment unit is positioned between the test head and the probe card and adjusts horizontality of the probe card during the wafer test.

Abstract: Provided is a probe station system which can measure thermal distribution and thermographic images. More particularly, a probe station is provided which can detect an electrical characteristics change according to the supply of heat to an element, for example a thermoelectric element to measure the characteristics of the element. The probe station for the simultaneous measurement of thermal and electrical characteristics of a thermoelectric element includes: a chamber, a base, a platform, a probe unit, a heat source, and an infrared image detection unit and the thermographic image and the voltage signal of the element are synchronized in real time.

Abstract: A test method and system for cut-in voltage. The method comprises: coarse scanning of the cut-in voltage: a grid voltage, i.e., the cut-in voltage, is quickly determined when a drain terminal current is greater than a target current for the first time (100); accurate scanning of the cut-in voltage: a scanning step length is shortened continuously until the scanning step length is shorter than a preset step length, and each time the scanning step length is shortened, the scanning is conducted according to the current shortened scanning step length on the basis of the cut-in voltage determined in the former time, and then the cut-in voltage under the condition of the current shortened scanning step length is determined again (200). The scanning voltage is automatically increased or decreased by the test method and system through adding high resolution and high precision test conversion into a second scanning test, and therefore the testing of the cut-in voltage becomes more efficient and more accurate.

Abstract: Multiple planes within the sample are exposed from a single perspective for contact by an electrical probe. The sample can be milled at a non-orthogonal angle to expose different layers as sloped surfaces. The sloped edges of multiple, parallel conductor planes provide access to the multiple levels from above. The planes can be accessed, for example, for contacting with an electrical probe for applying or sensing a voltage. The level of an exposed layer to be contacted can be identified, for example, by counting down the exposed layers from the sample surface, since the non-orthogonal mill makes all layers visible from above. Alternatively, the sample can be milled orthogonally to the surface, and then tilted and/or rotated to provide access to multiple levels of the device. The milling is preferably performed away from the region of interest, to provide electrical access to the region while minimizing damage to the region.

Abstract: A circuit is designed to be executed in a predeterminable operating mode of a plurality of operating modes. The circuit includes a first functional unit and a second functional unit. The first functional unit is designed as a static functional unit that in each of the plurality of operating modes of the circuit carries out a consistent function. The second functional unit is designed as an adaptable functional unit that is designed to be configured, prior to the circuit being put into service, according to a first configuration of a plurality of different configurations and during the operating time of the circuit to maintain the first configuration so that the first configuration of the second functional unit defines the predeterminable operating mode of the circuit. This makes it possible to reduce the verification expenditure for the circuit because verification can be limited to the adaptable functional unit.

Abstract: A software code operates with a circuit interrupting device having an auto-monitoring circuit including a controller for automatically testing various functions and structures of the device. The auto-monitoring circuit initiates the software code which includes an auto-monitoring routine which, among other things, establishes a self-test fault during the positive or negative half-wave of an AC power cycle and determines whether the detection mechanisms within the device properly detect the self-test fault. Moreover, the software code executed by the controller compares sensed voltages from test signals with a determined or set maximum voltage value and compares the sensed voltages with a set or determined minimum voltage value. The sensed voltages must be greater than the maximum voltage value or lower than the minimum voltage value for a predetermined number of counts before an end-of-life state is determined for the circuit interrupting device.

Abstract: A capacitive sensor that includes at least one capacitive element and a switched-capacitor readout circuit part for detecting at least one signal capacitance that results from motions of the capacitive element. The self-test bias voltage of the actuation circuit part is coupled to the capacitive element during a first period that is synchronized to the front end reset period and occurs when the self-test of the capacitive sensor is enabled by the self-test controller.

Abstract: A test configuration for testing a leakage current of a device under test (DUT) of an integrated circuit is provided including a logarithmic transducer electrically connected to the DUT and a voltmeter electrically connected to the logarithmic transducer.

Abstract: A broadcaster, system, and method for reducing test data volume and test application time in an ATE (automatic test equipment) in a scan-based integrated circuit. The scan-based integrated circuit contains multiple scan chains, each scan chain comprising multiple scan cells coupled in series. The broadcaster is a combinational logic network coupled to an optional virtual scan controller and an optional scan connector. The virtual scan controller controls the operation of the broadcaster. The system transmits virtual scan patterns stored in the ATE and generates broadcast scan patterns through the broadcaster for testing manufacturing faults in the scan-based integrated circuit. The number of scan chains that can be supported by the ATE is significantly increased. Methods are further proposed to reorder scan cells in selected scan chains, to generate the broadcast scan patterns and virtual scan patterns, and to synthesize the broadcaster and a compactor in the scan-based integrated circuit.

Abstract: The disclosure describes a novel method and apparatus for providing a shadow access port within a device. The shadow access port is accessed to perform operations in the device by reusing the TDI, TMS, TCK and TDO signals that are used to operate a test access port within the device. The presence and operation of the shadow access port is transparent to the presence and operation of the test access port. According to the disclosure, the shadow access port operates on the falling edge of the TCK signal while the test access port conventionally operates on the rising edge of the TCK signal.

Abstract: A method is provided for maintaining system state in semiconductor device having a first chip and a second chip, which are physically conjoined to form a stacked structure, wherein the first chip includes functional circuitry, and the second chip includes control circuitry for capturing and restoring a microarchitecture state of the functional circuitry of the first chip. The method includes initializing a system state of the semiconductor device and entering a wait state for a state capture triggering event. In response to an occurrence of a state capture triggering event, state data representing a current system state of the functional circuitry on the first chip is captured. The captured state data is transferred to the second chip through a system state I/O (input/output) interface of the second chip under control of the control circuitry on the second chip. A copy of the captured state data is then stored in a memory.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a relay control system and a control method thereof, and more particularly, to a relay control system and a control method thereof capable of determining whether an unrecoverable failure of a relay due to an unexpected environment, namely, whether the relay is fused, by measuring a voltage on a relay in real time while a battery unit operates in a secondary cell battery using DC power.

Abstract: In a method for testing a bar winding of a rotor of a rotating electrical machine, a rotor temperature is detected by a thermal radiation sensor, which is arranged in a stator of the rotating electrical machine. A thermal radiation sensor is used with a resolution suitable for the thermal detection of individual bars of the bar winding. The rotor is rotated at a speed that is lower than a limit frequency of the thermal radiation sensor divided by the number of bars of the bar winding, and the thermal radiation of the rotor is detected by the thermal radiation sensor. The thermal radiation sensor is sampled at a sampling frequency that is higher than the speed of the rotor multiplied by the number of bars and the sampled values of the thermal radiation sensor are evaluated.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for estimating the maximum power of a battery, which can inexpensively perform an estimation of the maximum power of a battery in a relatively simple manner of using the internal resistance of the battery, which has a correlation with and a largest effect on the maximum power of the battery. The method includes the steps of: measuring an internal resistance and a temperature of the battery and estimating a state of charge, if an estimation of the maximum power of the battery is requested; and reading a value of the maximum power of the battery, which corresponds to the measured temperature, the estimated state of charge, and the measured internal resistance, from a table in which the internal resistances and the maximum powers of the battery are mapped according to the temperatures and states of charge.

Abstract: A battery monitoring system includes a plurality of battery monitoring devices connected to a battery formed by connecting a plurality of battery cell groups in series, and monitor a state of the battery for the respective battery cell groups, each of the plurality of battery cell groups being of one or a plurality of battery cells connected in series, and a controller that performs wireless communication with the plurality of battery monitoring devices. First identification information portions which are different from each other are set in the plurality of battery monitoring devices in advance, and second identification information corresponding to an order of potentials of the battery cell groups in the battery, to which the battery monitoring devices are connected, is assigned to each of the plurality of battery monitoring devices. The controller stores a relationship between the first and second identification information for each battery monitoring device.

Abstract: A system and method of simultaneously calculating an isolation resistance and a y-capacitance of a RESS may include the steps of: injecting a first signal into a RESS; recording an output signal from the RESS in response to the injection of the first signal; multiplying the first signal with the output signal to determine a first product; multiplying a second signal with the output signal to determine a second product wherein the second signal is orthogonal to the first signal; filtering the first product to determine a first constant; filtering the second product to determine a second constant; processing the first constant to determine a y-capacitance value; and processing the second constant to determine an isolation resistance value.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting the state of a checkable storage battery in a vehicle having at least two vehicle onboard power supply systems of different operating voltages is provided. The vehicle onboard power supply systems are coupled by a DC/DC converter, which converts a first DC voltage of a first vehicle onboard power supply system into a second DC voltage of the storage battery in the second vehicle onboard power supply system. The vehicle onboard power supply systems have a control device that includes a test signal module configured to supply a test signal via the DC/DC converter to the checkable storage battery, a measured value detection module configured to measure the reaction values of the checkable storage battery, and an evaluation module configured to detect the state of the storage battery from the measured reaction values.

Abstract: A system and method to test integrity of an electricity power supply network in an aircraft is disclosed. The system comprises: a current injector for connection to an output point of one or more phase line forming a test circuit with an electricity generator, the current injector configured to inject a test signal through the electricity generator in the test circuit; a current measurement test probe for installation in the test circuit to measure intensity of the injected test signal current; and a processing unit to connect to the current measurement test probe and to a set of input and output current measurement probes associated with the phase line to acquire current intensity measurement signals output by the current measurement test probe and by the set of input and output current measurement probes, and to determine electricity indicators representative of the integrity of the electricity power supply network.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to a method and apparatus for determining one or more cumulative effects of an application of transcranial magnetic stimulation to the brain of a subject, as well as a method and apparatus of representing same. According to an aspect of certain embodiments of the invention there is provided a method for determining one or more cumulative effects of an application of transcranial stimulation to one or more locations in a brain of a subject comprising the steps of applying multiple transcranial magnetic stimulation pulses to the brain, determining a dose of each of said stimulation pulses, measuring a physical response of the user and determining or approximating an accumulation of said response of said brain for each of said one or more locations in the brain of said subject.

Abstract: A magnetic sensing apparatus and a magnetic sensing method thereof are provided. The magnetic sensing apparatus includes a reference magnetic field (MF) generating unit, a MF sensing unit, a signal processing unit, a calibration unit and a frequency generating unit. The MF sensing unit senses an external MF and a reference MF to provide a MF sensing signal. The signal processing unit receives and transfers the MF sensing signal into an output signal. The calibration unit calibrates the output signal according to the MF sensing signal. The frequency generating unit provides an operating frequency. The reference MF generating unit provides the reference MF according to the operating frequency, and the MF sensing unit senses the external MF and the reference MF according to the operating frequency.

Abstract: A differential magnetic field sensor system (10) is provided, in which offset cancelling for differential semiconductor structures in magnetic field sensors arranged close to each other is realized. The system (10) comprises a first, a second and a third magnetic field sensor (100, 200, 300), each of which is layouted substantially identically and comprises a, preferably silicon-on-insulator (SOI), surface layer portion (102) provided as a surface portion on a, preferably SOI, wafer and having a surface (104).

Abstract: A precision high-speed shuttle device for transporting samples between different positions of a superconducting magnet with different magnetic field strength is provided. The sample equilibrated at the center of the magnet, where the magnetic field is the highest and homogeneous, is shuttled to a higher position above, where the fringe field is lower, for a defined period of time and shuttled back to the center for detection. By shuttling the sample to different positions in the magnet in different experiments one can obtain a field-dependent profile of particular physical parameters. The position and timing of the sample are precisely under the experimental controlled. In this way various magnetic field-dependent nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments can be conducted in a single high-field NMR spectrometer.

Abstract: A method of data acquisition at a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system is provided. The system receives at least a portion of raw data for an image, and detects anomalies in the portion of raw data received. When anomalies are detected, the system can correct those anomalies dynamically, without waiting for a new scan to be ordered. The system can attempt to scan the offending portion of the raw data, either upon detection of the anomaly or at some point during the scan. The system can also correct anomalies using digital correction methods based on expected values. The anomalies can be detected based on variations from thresholds, masks and expected values all of which can be obtained using one of the ongoing scan, previously performed scans and apriori information relating to the type of scan being performed.

Abstract: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) receiver includes a receiver coil on a substrate. The receiver coil includes one or more capacitors. The construction of the capacitors allows for the use of very flexible substrates and allows the capacitors themselves to be highly flexible. The increased flexibility permits the MRI receiver to be conformed to the body of a patient and accordingly improves the MRI process.

Abstract: A controller of a magnetic resonance system outputs a low frequency base signal to a conversion device. While outputting the base signal to the conversion device, the controller outputs an oscillator control signal to an oscillator. The oscillator outputs a frequency signal corresponding to the oscillator control signal to the conversion device. The conversion device converts the frequency signal into a high frequency transmit pulse with the aid of the base signal and outputs the transmit pulse to a magnetic resonance transmit antenna. The magnetic resonance transmit antenna applies a high frequency field corresponding to a transmit pulse to an examination volume of the magnetic resonance system. The controller varies the oscillator control signal output to the oscillator while outputting the base signal to the modulator. The transmit pulse) has a larger bandwidth than the base signal.

Abstract: Provided are apparatuses and methods for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method includes applying radio frequency (RF) pulses to an object in a magnetic field, the RF pulses having different frequency bands for each of at least two types of nucleus in the object; applying predetermined pulse sequences for each type of nucleus to the object; receiving magnetic resonance signals emitted by each nucleus in response to the RF pulses and the predetermined pulse sequences; and generating an image of the object based on the received magnetic resonance signals.

Abstract: A method (10) for acquiring magnetic resonance data from a sample (50) to be analyzed through a fixed geometry configuration coil suitable for transmitting radiofrequency signals ‘suitable for exciting said sample and/or detecting magnetic resonance signals from the sample (50) is described. The coil (100) comprises a plurality of current elements (20,21,22) and exhibits a frequency response comprising a plurality of resonant modes (M1, M2, M3) each associable to a respective resonant frequency (f1,f2,f3) depending on electrical features of the current elements (20,21,22), the current elements (20,21,22) comprising at least one current element having electrical features that may be regulated based on a respective control signal (S_CV0, S_CV1, S_CV2). The method provides for synthesizing the control signal such as to obtain magnetic resonance data from a same sample for a given first resonant frequency of interest sequentially using resonance modes having different spatial field distributions.

Abstract: Detection and recognition of taggant substances having predefined zero external field magnetic resonance signatures. An object comprising taggant substance(s) is irradiated with a sequence of specific excitation pulses of electromagnetic radiation within a predetermined time and frequency scanning pattern, responsive nuclear spin echo signals are received from the object with a predetermined time and frequency acquisition pattern and data indicative thereof is generated. The scanning and acquisition patterns used permit successive transmission of pulses of multiple frequencies using a two-pulse spin-echo excitation technique, or a steady state-spin echo excitation technique, and successive acquisition of multiple nuclear spin echo response signals, within a time slot between two successive excitation pulses of a specific excitation frequency.

Abstract: Provided is a magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography (MRI-PET) system. The MRI-PET system includes a PET unit and a radiofrequency (RF) coil disposed within a gradient coil assembly.

Abstract: In a method and magnetic resonance apparatus for image acquisition using a magnetic resonance sequence in which k-space corresponding to the imaging area is scanned, a first region of k-space, which does not include the center of k-space, is scanned radially along a number of spokes emanating from the k-space center, and at least two phase coding gradients are completely ramped up before the excitation pulse. A second central region of k-space, which remains without the first region, is scanned in a Cartesian manner. For contrast increase a pre-pulse is provided before a predetermined number of individual measurements. The number of spokes is selected so a measurement point nearest to the k-space center is measured at a predetermined point in time after the pre-pulse, which is optimal for signal-to-noise ratio and/or contrast.

Abstract: A method and a pulse sequence optimization device to optimize a pulse sequence for a magnetic resonance system, wherein the pulse sequence includes at least one refocusing pulse, one slice selection gradient pulse, and one gradient spoiler pulse. The pulse duration of the refocusing pulse is shortened, and the pulse duration of the slice selection gradient pulse is adapted to the shortened pulse duration of the refocusing pulse. The amplitude of the slice selection gradient pulse is increased so that the same slice thickness is selected as before the shortening of the pulse duration of the refocusing pulse.

Abstract: In a magnetic resonance imaging system, MRI data acquisition sequences are repeatedly and alternately executed for (a) a diagnostic image and (b) a navigator image that is an image for motion detection. Each subsequent navigator image is analyzed to detect the position of a mark indicating the position of a slice excited by the prior execution of a diagnostic imaging sequence. The respiratory motion of a portion of the subject is estimated based on the detected position of the mark.

Abstract: Provided is a probe card inspection apparatus including: a substrate; a first insulating layer which covers the substrate; and a first detection unit which is formed on the first insulating layer and detects physical defects of a probe of a probe card. The first detection unit includes: a ground detection unit including a first conductive pattern which defines a plurality of openings which expose a portion of the first insulating layer and detect defects of a ground probe of the probe card and; and a signal and power detection unit including a second conductive pattern which defines a plurality of openings which expose another portion of the first insulating layer and detect defects of a signal and power supply probe of the probe card.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for a replaceable internal open-short-load (OSL) calibrator and power monitor. A calibration system can include a test port; and a replaceable module including a first lookup table corresponding to an open-short-load (OSL) component and a second lookup table corresponding to a power measuring component.

Abstract: A new apparatus and method for tracking a moving object with a moving camera provides a real-time, narrow field-of-view, high resolution and on target image by combining commanded motion with an optical flow algorithm for deriving motion and classifying background. Commanded motion means that movement of the pan, tilt and zoom (PTZ) unit is “commanded” by a computer, instead of being observed by the camera, so that the pan, tilt and zoom parameters are known, as opposed to having to be determined, significantly reducing the computational requirements for tracking a moving object.

Abstract: A system and method for detecting the trajectory of a projectile is presented. One system includes a flash detection sensor, an acoustic sensor, an optical sensor and a processor logic mounted on a vehicle. The flash detection sensor detects a flash of a projectile being launched. The acoustic sensor detects when a blast wave associated with the firing of the projectile reaches the vehicle. The optical sensor takes two or more images of the same projectile. The images are typically not in the visible light spectrum. The processor logic calculates a trajectory of the projectile based on the images and data collected by the acoustic sensor associated with the blast wave. The processor logic may generate a warning signal to warn an operator of the vehicle about the projectile.