Abstract: A developer container, which includes an opening and is configured to store developer therein, includes a developer conveyance plate configured to convey the developer. The developer conveyance plate includes a vibration target unit configured to receive a vibration, and conveys the developer in a first direction in which the developer is conveyed toward an opening side, and in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction. The developer is conveyed by the vibration transmitted from the vibration target unit with use of a resultant force generated by adding a conveyance component in the first direction and a conveyance component in the second direction. A maximum acceleration a1 (max) in the first direction that is provided to the developer conveyance plate by the vibration transmitted from the vibration target unit is set to a lower acceleration than a maximum acceleration a2 (max) in an opposite direction from the first direction.

Abstract: A developing apparatus includes a first auger and a second auger for respectively conveying a developer in a first direction and a second direction, an opening for delivering the developer from the first auger to the second auger, a discharger located in the first direction from the opening to discharge the developer conveyed by the first auger, and a retention member provided on at least one of the first auger and the second auger to retain the developer circulated by the first and second augers.

Abstract: A toner cartridge includes a cylinder having an opening and accommodating carbon powder, a transmission member having a pipe portion sleeved onto the cylinder, an end portion and at least one outlet communicating with the opening, a powder guiding member having a main body disposed at the end portion and blades extended from the main body radially, and a powder storing cover having a cover body sleeved onto the pipe portion and a powder exit located under the powder guiding member. As a result, the carbon powder can leave the cylinder through the opening, enter the powder storing cover through the outlet, and be driven by the rotation of each blade of the powder guiding member to move to the powder exit, thereby discharged for usage in an electronic imaging device. The toner cartridge is simple in structure, convenient and fast in assembly, and less possibly has false actions.

Abstract: A method of operating an imaging device is disclosed. The imaging device is designed to start the imaging process before picking a sheet. During a pick retry, the device waits to start the imaging process until after the sheet is picked successfully. This method improves pick reliability and reduces wasted toner. Other systems and methods are disclosed.

Abstract: A cleaning device includes an upstream cleaner, an upstream cleaner, and a collection member. The upstream cleaner is configured to remove toner from a surface of a cleaning target. The downstream cleaner is disposed downstream from the upstream cleaner in a direction of movement of the surface of the cleaning target. The downstream cleaner is configured to remove toner from the surface of the cleaning target. The collection member is configured to collect toner from the downstream cleaner.

Abstract: Provided is an image forming apparatus in which an electrostatic latent image is developed using developer to which externally added particles have been added. In the image forming apparatus, a cleaning operation in which the developer borne by an intermediate transfer member is transferred to an image bearing member and removed from the surface of the image bearing member with a cleaning member can be executed in a non-image-formation period in which the development of the electrostatic latent image is not performed. The image bearing member is in contact with a developer bearing member and the intermediate transfer member at least within a period in which the cleaning operation is executed within the non-image-formation period.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a second cleaning section, an image formation control section configured to control an image forming section to form a high-coverage patch on a transfer belt, and a cleaning control section configured to control the second cleaning section to perform cleaning of the patch on the transfer belt.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an apparatus main body, a drum unit, an intermediate transfer unit, a waste toner container, and a first guide portion. The drum unit includes a photoconductor drum. The intermediate transfer unit includes a transfer belt and a belt cleaning portion. The belt cleaning portion removes waste toner remaining on the transfer belt and conveys the waste toner toward one side in a width direction of the transfer belt. The waste toner container is provided below an end of the drum unit on the one side and includes an introduction port that introduces waste toner to an inside of the waste toner container. The first guide portion guides the waste toner conveyed by the belt cleaning portion to the one side, from the introduction port to the inside of the waste toner container.

Abstract: In an image forming apparatus including a pressing member arranged on an inner circumferential surface of an intermediate transfer belt, configured to correct a position of the intermediate transfer belt in the width direction to be fit within a movable region, positions of both ends of the pressing member in the width direction are respectively arranged outside positions of both ends of the movable region.

Abstract: A constraining mechanism includes a porous member that is in contact with a rotating body, which rotates about a rotation axis, and restrains foreign objects from moving in an axial direction of the rotating body and a covering portion that covers a portion of the porous member including an end portion of the porous member located upstream in a direction of rotation of the rotating body and that is in contact with the rotating body as a result of being pressed by the porous member.

Abstract: A fixing device includes a fixing member; a heater to heat the fixing member; a nip forming member to contact the fixing member; and a pressure member, disposed opposite the nip forming member to press against the fixing member to form a fixing nip portion together with the nip forming member. The fixing device applies heat and pressure to fix an image transferred to a recording sheet when the recording sheet passes through the fixing nip. The nip forming member includes a first and second planar portions disposed at an upstream end and a downstream end, respectively, of the fixing nip portion, and the first planar portion and the second planar portion are continuous with a curved portion of the nip forming member. A guide member guides the recording sheet to bend in a direction opposite a back curl of the recording sheet generated in the fixing nip portion.

Abstract: A fuser device is provided with a first endless belt, a heat application member that is enclosed by the first endless belt and heats the first endless belt, a fuser member enclosed by the first endless belt, a second endless belt of which rigidity is higher than that of the first endless belt, a pressure application member that is enclosed by the second endless belt and applies a pressure to developers on a carried recording medium in the contact part with the fuser member, and a support part forming part that forms a support part of the first endless belt and the second endless belt.

Abstract: A fixing device includes a fixing unit that fixes a developer on a recording medium, a first heating unit, and at least one second heating unit. The first heating unit is disposed at an upstream side of the fixing unit in a transport direction of the recording medium, and heats the recording medium so that a temperature of the recording medium is set at a first temperature that is equal to or lower than a temperature of the fixing member and is equal to or higher than a thermal deformation temperature at which the recording medium is deformed. The at least one second heating unit comes into contact with the recording medium at a downstream side with respect to the first heating unit and at an upstream side with respect to the fixing unit, and heats the recording medium at a second temperature that is lower than the first temperature.

Abstract: This invention discloses a polyimide fuser belt incorporating synthetic graphite or expanded synthetic graphite as a filler. The resulting fuser belt has increased thermal diffusivity without sacrificing mechanical strength. Fuser belts made with synthetic or expanded synthetic graphite enable electrophotographic printers to exhibit superior fuse temperatures and better print speeds across a range of different media types.

Abstract: A drive transmission unit transmits driving force to a driven unit including a driven rotator coupled to the drive transmission unit via a unit coupler. The drive transmission unit includes a driving source, a drive transmission member to transmit driving force from the driving source to the driven rotator by engaging the driven rotator, and a basal plate with a turning shaft portion at one end thereof. The basal plate supports the driving source and the drive transmission member thereon. The drive transmission unit is turned around the turning shaft portion together with the driven unit in a direction substantially orthogonal to a direction of a driving reaction force applied to the drive transmission member when the driven rotator receives the driving force from the drive transmission member.

Abstract: The image forming apparatus controls each laser scanner by setting the writing start timing in the sub-scanning direction to form the color registration correction image for correcting color registration at position according to the detection result of the image detection sensor. When forming the image on the sheet, the image forming apparatus sets the writing start timing in the sub-scanning direction according to the detection result of the image detection sensor and the amount of skew of the sheet to control each laser scanner. When forming the density detection toner image for correcting the density, the image forming apparatus sets the writing start timing in the sub-scanning direction to form the image at a position shifted by a pixel unit from the image forming position on the sheet.

Abstract: An optical sensor includes a light source; and an optical detector detecting intensity of light that is reflected by a recording medium, the light from the light source and irradiated onto the recording medium. Further, when an incident angle of the light incident the recording medium from the light source relative to a normal line of the recording medium is given as ?1, a formula 75°??1?85° is satisfied.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus or an image forming system, includes a control section to control, at the time of forming an image by using a long sheet with a conveying direction sheet length longer than that of a sheet with a fixed paper size, so as to perform image formation by arranging multiple images on the long sheet, and the control section controls so as to form images repeatedly with a predetermined cycle on the long sheet, detects a margin region being a region where images are not formed on the long sheet, and controls image formation so as to dispose a patch image on the margin region.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a main body, a sheet supply tray, and a restriction member configured to restrict movement of the sheet supply tray to outside of the main body and including an arm configured to move between a restriction position and a withdrawal position, and a restriction release surface. One of the main body and the sheet supply tray includes the restriction member. The other one includes a first inclined surface and a contact surface. The restriction release surface is configured to, when the sheet supply tray moves from an inside position toward outside of the main body, contact the restriction member to cause the restriction member to move from the restriction position to the withdrawal position by that the sheet supply tray located at the outside position pivots around a downstream end of the sheet supply tray in the attachment direction.

Abstract: A sheet conveyance apparatus includes a housing, a rotationally driven conductive shaft, a conveyance roller, a drive transmission unit, a conductive bearing member, a conductive discharging member, a cover member, and a conductive grounding member. The bearing member rotatably supports one end side of a shaft in a sheet width direction. The conductive discharging member is disposed in the openings. The discharging member discharges sheets by contacting the sheets. The cover member is secured to the sidewall along the one end side of the housing in the sheet width direction. The cover member includes a conductive grounding portion for electrical grounding. The conductive grounding member contacts the bearing member and the one end side of the discharging member along the sheet width direction. The grounding member conducts the bearing member and the discharging member to the grounding portion of the cover member.

Abstract: The sheet feeding apparatus of the invention includes a sheet stacking portion, a rotating body, a contact member, a conveyance guide, a driving source, a shutter member and a torque limiter. The torque limiter is disposed between the rotating body and the driving source, transmits a driving force of the driving source to the rotating body in a state that a load in the sheet feeding direction of less than a predetermined torque is applied to the rotating body, and not transmit the driving force of the driving source to the rotating body in a state that the load in the sheet feeding direction of more than the predetermined torque is applied to the rotating body.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a fixing device and an image forming apparatus body. The fixing device includes a pressure unit, a heating unit, a pressure adjuster that adjusts a pressure between the pressure unit and the heating unit, and a fixing-device-side connecting device. The image forming apparatus body to which the fixing device is detachably attached includes an electrical power unit, a drive device to which electrical power is supplied from the electrical power unit so as to drive the pressure adjuster, and a body-side connecting device connected to the electrical power unit. When the fixing device is detached from the image forming apparatus body, the body-side connecting device and the fixing-device-side connecting device are disconnected from each other and electrical power supply to the drive device is interrupted.

Abstract: A transfer-section contamination prevention device includes: a powder housing section that is disposed on an upstream side relative to a transfer section in a sheet conveyance direction, and is capable of holding powder at a position near an end portion of a sheet in a sheet width direction orthogonal to the sheet conveyance direction or capable of guiding the powder to the position near the end portion of the sheet, the sheet including a base material layer, a release layer and an adhesive layer containing adhesive agent disposed between the base material layer and the release layer, the transfer section being configured to transfer a toner image to the sheet; and a powder adhesion facilitation section configured to facilitate adhesion of the powder to the lateral end portion of the sheet from the powder housing section.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a photosensitive drum and a brush roller. The photosensitive drum has a circumferential surface on which a toner image is to be formed. The brush roller rotates while in contact with the circumferential surface of the photosensitive drum to charge the photosensitive drum. The brush roller removes toner remaining on the circumferential surface of the photosensitive drum.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus, comprising: a body casing, a drum unit movable between an inside position and an outside position, and a waste toner storage unit, and wherein the drum unit comprises a photosensitive drum, a cleaning unit to remove toner remaining on a surface of the photosensitive drum, and a conveying unit including a conveying member to convey the toner in a moving direction of the drum unit, and a conveying tube to accommodate the conveying member and to have a discharging outlet through which the toner is discharged to the waste toner storage unit, and wherein the conveying tube comprises: a first conveying tube to extend in the moving direction and to accommodate the conveying member, and a second conveying tube to be connected to the first conveying tube and to extend in a direction intersecting with a direction in which the first conveying tube extends.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a front cover and a maintenance cover. The front cover has a support section, an interference section, and a projection. The support section is supported by a housing of the image forming apparatus so as to be pivotable about a pivot axis. The interference section extends rearward from an edge of the front cover. The projection is located on a contact surface that comes in or out of contact with a specific section of the maintenance cover as the front cover is closed or opened with the maintenance cover in a closed state. The specific section of the maintenance cover has a hole. The projection fits in the hole.

Abstract: A process cartridge includes a photosensitive drum; a developing roller; a developer supplying roller, provided in contact with the developing roller; a driving force receiving portion provided at a shaft end of the supplying roller; a first driving force transmitting portion; a second driving force transmitting portion; flexible sheets provided adjacent to an engaging portion between the first portion and the second portion to intermittently contact the second portion with rotation of the second portion, wherein a rotational direction of the roller is opposite to that of the roller, and a peripheral speed of the roller is larger than that of the roller.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes: a main body; a first cartridge; a second cartridge; and a retaining member. The main body includes a first power-supplying part; and a second power-supplying part. The first cartridge includes a first power-receiving part. The second cartridge includes a second power-receiving part. The first and second power-receiving parts are configured to contact with the first and second power-supplying parts respectively. The retaining member is configured to retain the first and second cartridges and includes one side wall having a frame formed of a resin material and a reinforcing member formed of a metal material. A top edge of the frame is positioned lower than top edges of the first and second power-receiving parts. A top edge of the reinforcing member is positioned at a same vertical position as or lower than the top edge of the frame.

Abstract: A method for automatic focusing of a microscope with a microscope objective on a selected area of a specimen, in which a digital hologram of the selected area of the specimen is generated in an off-axis mode and a microscope with which the method is implemented. The digital hologram is used to determine, on the optical axis of the microscope objective, a focus position to be set in which the selected area of the specimen is optimally in focus. Subsequently, a control system is used to set the microscope to the focus position determined and thus is focused on the area selected.

Abstract: Provided are a complex spatial light modulator and a three-dimensional (3D) image display apparatus. The complex spatial light modulator includes a spatial light modulator configured to modulate a phase of light, a first prism array which is disposed after the spatial light modulator along a path of the light, and including prism units each having a first prism surface and a second prism surface, and a hologram optical device configured to diffract the light that has passed through the first prism array independently from a polarization of the light, where the first prism array and the hologram optical device are configured to modulate the phase and an amplitude of the light.

Abstract: A smartwatch assembly may include a dial portion having a plurality of apertures extending therethrough and a circuit board having a plurality of LED modules disposed thereon. The plurality of LED modules may be oriented to emit light toward the plurality of apertures of the dial portion. The circuit board may include a control module configured to illuminate the plurality of LED modules in response to an alert and a communication module configured to interface with an electronic device wirelessly and to receive the alert. Methods of making a smartwatch assembly may include disposing a dial portion having a face plate and a plurality of hour-mark apertures extending through the face plate in a watch casing and disposing a circuit board having a plurality of LED modules disposed thereon in a watch casing, the plurality of LED modules corresponding to the plurality of hour-mark apertures.

Abstract: An electronic timepiece including: a clocking unit which counts current date and time; a daylight saving time application unit which applies daylight saving time information corresponding to positional information to the date and time counted by the clocking unit; a radio wave reception unit which receives radio waves including daylight saving time implementation information of a predetermined area; a daylight saving time information acquisition unit which acquires the daylight saving time implementation information from the received radio waves; a storage unit in which a daylight saving time implementation rule of each area in the world is stored in advance; and an information selection unit which selects, as the daylight saving time information, one of the daylight saving time implementation information and the daylight saving time implementation rule corresponding to a current position on the basis of the current position and the daylight saving time implementation information.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and computer program product are provided to facilitate the use of a multi-segment wearable accessory. In this regard, methods, apparatus and computer program products are provided for controlling and, in some instances, interacting with a multi-segment wearable accessory. Each screen presented on or capable of being presented on the display of a segment of the multi-segment wearable accessory may be considered a virtual segment, and the number of virtual segments may be greater than the number of physical segments of the accessory. One or more of the virtual segments may be associated with one or more of the segments in an overlaid configuration, such that a topmost virtual segment is presented for viewing while another virtual segment lies below the topmost virtual segment, hidden from the user's view. A virtual segment may be replaced with presentation of another virtual segment in response to rotation of the accessory.

Abstract: The invention relates to an access key (1) for unlocking a motor vehicle, comprising: —a communication interface (112) configured so as to communicate according to an NFC protocol; —a support containing data constituting service provision rights; —a monitoring circuit (111) able to process a transaction by way of said communication interface (112) on the basis of said data constituting the service provision rights; characterized in that it comprises a housing (106) for receiving a support containing data constituting service provision rights of removable type (2), and in that it comprises a read and/or write interface (113) in the removable support placed in the housing, the monitoring circuit (111) being configured so as to allow an exchange of data between the communication interface and the read/write interface.

Abstract: One or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media having program instructions stored thereon for enhancing an automation environment is provided. When executed by a processor, the program instructions direct the processor to at least identify at least a primary data verification value generated by a primary control process that provides control in an industrial automation environment, and to identify at least a secondary data verification value generated by a secondary control process associated with the primary control process. The program instructions also direct the processor to compare the primary data verification value with at least the secondary data verification value to determine if an error has occurred with respect to the primary control process.

Abstract: The present invention is an apparatus, system, method, computer program, and computer program product for controlling window coverings to adjust admitted daylight. More particularly, the present disclosure plates to a control system for controlling the amount of daylight admitted through adjustable window coverings. In an embodiment of the present invention, the system includes a stand-alone open loop proportional control subsystem including a calculation or algorithm that is operable to convert a sunlight sensor signal to a blind slat position based on a predetermined curve stored in memory. In another embodiment of the present invention, the system is operable to transmit the sunlight sensor information, for example, such as in Lux, to an external system, which may then provide blind slat position requests based on some other curve, algorithm, or user need. The blind slat position may be controlled by the system to avert undesirable solar heat gains and also achieve significant daylight harvesting.

Abstract: A technique that allows determination of appropriate control parameter values automatically. A constraint evaluation indicator setting unit sets, to each of a plurality of additional constraints, a third evaluation indicator obtained by combining a first evaluation indicator that indicates a level of influence on other control parameters when a control parameter is changed, and a second evaluation indicator that indicates weight according to a property including importance and the like. A constraint satisfaction solution retrieve unit retrieves a combination of control parameter values that satisfies constraints. When the constraint satisfaction solution retrieve unit fails to retrieve the combination of control parameter values, a constraint relaxing unit relaxes the additional constraints in accordance with the third evaluation indicator.

Abstract: Provided is a battery control system including a power generation unit that generates electric power from renewable energy as an energy source, a battery storing the electric power, a power generation amount estimation unit that estimates a generation amount of electric power generated by the power generation unit, based on estimation information in which a renewable energy amount available to the power generation unit is estimated, a power consumption amount estimation unit that estimates power consumption, a determination unit that determinates whether or not electric power is to be stored in the battery, based on a storage amount of the battery, the generation amount of electric power and the amount of power consumption, and a power acquisition unit that acquires electric power to be stored in the battery, when, as a result of determination by the determination unit, electric power is to be stored in the battery.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments provide substation automation systems for operating a high or medium voltage substation for an electric power transmission or distribution network. The substation automation system includes a multitude of secondary devices, which transmit and receive data from/to each other via multicast packets. The secondary devices include packet filters, which are adapted to be set up dynamically during the runtime of the substation automation system, in order to update the rules for forwarding multicast packets received from the station bus system to the application running on the secondary devices.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure relate to automatic switching of HMI (human-machine interface) screens based on process, task, and abnormal deviation in a power plant. According to one embodiment, a method is provided. The method can include monitoring one or more processes occurring during the operation of a turbine power plant in a steady state monitoring sequence, in which a plurality of overview screens are monitored, and at least one process state is determined. If the at least one process state indicates a predefined condition has occurred, at least one human interface screen can be presented to a user for troubleshooting, based at least in part on the severity of the predefined condition. If the determined process state does not indicate the predefined condition is present, and the at least one determined process state indicates an automated task sequence, the method present a sequence of preconfigured task screens to a user.

Abstract: We add a new entity Production Parameter History to the ISA-95 Production Schedule Model, thereby extending the model. The new entity stores the recent history of the values assumed by a subset of batch parameters most relevant for production control and resource planning, thus without the ERP system being charged with retrieving the historian from a log or from a warehouse in order to schedule the plant production. Putting together the batch information present in the ISA-95 Segment Requirement and the new Production Parameter History, the MES creates and stores a fully Electronic Batch Record close to a real situation found during product manufacturing. The MES system can provide the Electronic Batch Record to the ERP system through the ISA-95 Production Performance model extended thereof, since a production performance report is made up of a set of one or more Production Responses associated with Production Requests.

Abstract: A Self-Organizing Process Control Architecture is introduced with a Sensing Layer, Control Layer, Actuation Layer, Process Layer, as well as Self-Organizing Sensors (SOS) and Self-Organizing Actuators (SOA). A Self-Organizing Sensor for a process variable with one or multiple input variables is disclosed. An artificial neural network (ANN) based dynamic modeling mechanism as part of the Self-Organizing Sensor is described. As a case example, a Self-Organizing Soft-Sensor for CFB Boiler Bed Height is presented. Also provided is a method to develop a Self-Organizing Sensor.

Abstract: A mechanical teleoperated device for remote manipulation includes a slave unit having a number of slave links interconnected by a plurality of slave joints; an end-effector connected to the slave unit; a master unit having a corresponding number of master links interconnected by a plurality of master joints; and a handle connected to a distal end of the master unit. The device further includes first device arranged to kinematically connect the slave unit with the master unit, second device arranged to kinematically connect the end-effector with the handle, and a mechanical constraint device configured to ensure that one master link of the master unit is guided along its longitudinal axis so that the corresponding slave link of the slave unit always translates along a virtual axis parallel to the longitudinal axis of the guided master link in the vicinity of the remote manipulation when the mechanical teleoperated device is operated.

Abstract: An occupancy sensing load control system is disclosed. The occupancy sensing load control system includes a detector unit, an occupancy/vacancy signal generator and a load control circuit. The detector unit detects RF signals emitted by cell phones or similar mobile communication devices within an area being monitored. The occupancy/vacancy signal generator generates a control signal for the load control circuit based on the detection of a qualified RF signal or the absence of such signal within a predetermined time interval. The occupancy sensing load control system may also include a signal-generating unit for generating a pseudo base station signal based on zone information of neighboring base stations for transmission to a mobile phone in the detection area.

Abstract: Included are embodiments for wireless control and management. Some embodiments include receiving a first signal regarding a device condition of a service device in an environment, determining a condition type of the device condition, and sending a first request for to correct the device condition, based on the condition type. Some embodiments also include receiving a second signal indicating whether the device condition was corrected.

Abstract: A method for wirelessly controlling a working device using a handheld unit, the method comprising: connecting the working device to a central server by a network, wherein the working device is uniquely identified on the network by an assigned network address, and further wherein the working device and the central server are configured so that the central server can receive data concerning operation of the working device, and control operation of the working device, via the network; positioning a device-specific identification marker at the working device, wherein the device-specific identification marker is linked to the assigned network address of the working device; scanning the device-specific identification marker with the handheld unit, whereby to identify the working device and the assigned network address linked to the working device; and using the handheld unit to cause the central server to communicate with and control the working device at the assigned network address, whereby to allow the user to c

Abstract: A motor control system is provided that includes a communication gateway that facilitates connection of components, such as a motor starter, an operator interface, and a terminal block, through a digital communication link. The communication gateway includes control logic designed to discover interface and operational components connected to the digital communication link upon start-up of the motor control system. The control logic may then set up an operational profile for the motor control system based on the discovered components. For example, the control logic may retrieve and load an operational profile that corresponds to the set of discovered components from a storage of the communication gateway. The operational profile can then be used during operation of the motor control system to govern the functionality of the motor control system.

Abstract: A component control system includes a component. At least one component element is included in the component. A component controller is included in the component, coupled to the at least one component element, and operable to couple to an Information Handling System (IHS) controller. The component controller is operable to receive a normalized component performance (NCP) value from the IHS controller. The NCP value is associated with at least one component output range. The component controller is also operable to provide a control signal that is associated with the NCP value to the at least one component element. In response to receiving the control signal, the at least one component element operates such that the component produces at least one component output, and each component output produced by the component is within a corresponding component output range.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for controlling the movement of portable receptacles within a materials handling facility are described. The materials handling facility utilizes at least one linear induction motor (LIM) to move the portable receptacles having conductive elements from a first location to a second location within the facility. The LIMs may be configured such that most, if not all, of the movement of the receptacles is controlled by the application of energy from the LIMs to the conductive elements of the receptacles. This energy may cause the receptacles to move from one LIM to another LIM, where each LIM in sequence can apply force to the receptacle to pass it to the next LIM in the sequence. In some implementations, the portable receptacles are configured such that at least a base portion of the receptacle includes a conductive element to interact with the LIMs, while maintaining an overall light-weight configuration.

Abstract: A method for performing a milling operation includes providing a milling cutter and a workpiece having an non-machined workpiece surface; receiving a set of milling cutter geometry parameters; creating a curvilinear profile from the workpiece surface; extracting a radius parameter from the curvilinear profile; determining an initial step-over value in response to the set of milling cutter geometry parameters; determining a surface roughness value in response to the set of milling cutter geometry parameters, the curvilinear profile of the workpiece surface, the radius parameter, and an initial tool inclination angle; determining a minimum surface roughness value in response to the cutter inclination angle value; and adjusting a calculated step-over value in response to the minimum surface roughness value where the calculated step-over value and the calculated inclination angle value are applied to operating the milling cutter.