Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the preparation of a solution of immunoglobulins based on an initial solution of immunoglobulins with a purity greater than or equal to 96% in the presence of a polyether or polymer of glycol, characterised in that it comprises the steps of: a) adding caprylic acid or salts of the same to the initial solution; b) adjusting the pH of the solution obtained in step a); c) incubating the solution obtained in step b) for the time and at a temperature necessary for the inactivation of enveloped viruses; d) performing a step of ultrafiltration/diafiltration on the solution obtained in step c).
Type:
Application
Filed:
September 26, 2016
Publication date:
July 13, 2017
Inventors:
Pere Ristol Debart, Salvador Grancha Gamon, Juan Ignacio Jorquera Nieto, Maria Mercedes Faro Tomas, Nuria Jorba Grifols
Abstract: The present invention provides isolated peptides or the fragments derived from SEQ ID NO: 42, which bind to an HLA antigen and induce cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). The peptides may include one of the above mentioned amino acid sequences with substitution, deletion, or addition of one, two, or several amino acids sequences. The present invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions including these peptides. The peptides of this invention can be used for treating cancer.
Abstract: Disclosed is a pharmaceutical composition comprising a Smad6-derived peptide as an active ingredient. Having ability to specifically bind to Pellino-1, the Smad6-derived peptide is effectively useful in the treatment of the sepsis mediated by excessively activated TLR. The peptide effectively reduces the expression of inflammatory cytokines, protects cells from sepsis-induced apoptosis, and exhibits high bacterial clearance in animal models of sepsis.
Type:
Application
Filed:
November 5, 2015
Publication date:
July 13, 2017
Applicant:
Medpacto, Inc.
Inventors:
Seok Hee PARK, Youn Sook LEE, Yoe-Sik BAE, Seong-Jin KIM
Abstract: Provided in the invention is a solvate of a cyclic peptide compound, represented by formula I is the structural formula of the cyclic peptide compound, and, also disclosed are a preparation method for same and uses thereof.
Abstract: Disclosed is a novel polymorph of a cyclic peptide compound, the structure whereof is represented by formula I; also disclosed are a preparation method for same and uses thereof.
Type:
Application
Filed:
May 29, 2015
Publication date:
July 13, 2017
Inventors:
Shidong LIU, Xiusheng WANG, Jicheng HU, Xiaoming JI
Abstract: Provided herein are scaffold polypeptides, fusion proteins of the scaffold polypeptides and hemagglutinin (HA) binding proteins, and methods for using the fusion proteins for treating and diagnosing influenza infections.
Type:
Application
Filed:
August 26, 2015
Publication date:
July 13, 2017
Inventors:
Eva-Maria STRAUCH, William H. SHEFFLER, David BAKER
Abstract: Protein indicators useful for calcium imaging, in particular, red genetically-encoded calcium indicators (GECIs) disclosed herein rival best-of-class green GECIs in terms of sensitivity for detecting neural activity, and can be monitored in vivo. The presently-disclosed subject matter further includes a method of monitoring cell activity comprising stimulating a cell comprising a red GECI polypeptide; and detecting fluorescence emitted by the cell.
Type:
Application
Filed:
March 17, 2017
Publication date:
July 13, 2017
Inventors:
Douglas S. KIM, Loren L. LOOGER, Eric R. SCHREITER, Karel SVOBODA
Abstract: A non-naturally occurring porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is provided herein, and methods of making and using the non-naturally occurring PRRSV also are provided.
Type:
Application
Filed:
March 25, 2015
Publication date:
July 13, 2017
Inventors:
Hiep Lai Xuan Vu, Fernando Osorio, William W. Laegreid, Asit K. Pattnaik, Fangrui Ma
Abstract: The invention provides polynucleotides and methods for expressing light-activated proteins in animal cells and altering an action potential of the cells by optical stimulation. The invention also provides animal cells and non-human animals comprising cells expressing the light-activated proteins.
Type:
Application
Filed:
March 1, 2017
Publication date:
July 13, 2017
Inventors:
Karl Deisseroth, Feng Zhang, Viviana Gradinaru
Abstract: Described are HCBI (Healthy Cattle Blood Isolate), MSBI (Multiple Sclerosis Brain Isolate), MSSI (Multiple Sclerosis Serum Isolate) and CMI (Cow Milk Isolate) nucleotide sequences as well as probes and primers comprising part of said nucleotide sequences and antibodies against polypeptides encoded by said nucleotide sequences. Said compounds are useful as early markers for the future development of cancer and diseases of the CNS (Multiple sclerosis MS, Prion-linked diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, transmissible spongiforme encephalitis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer disease) and should represent targets for treatment and prevention.
Type:
Application
Filed:
January 10, 2017
Publication date:
July 13, 2017
Inventors:
Ethel-Michele DE VILLIERS-ZUR HAUSEN, Harald ZUR HAUSEN, Karin GUNST, Corinna WHITLEY, Iranzu Lamberto PEREZ
Abstract: The present invention relates to providing improved cell-permeable (iCP)-SOCS3 recombinant protein and uses thereof. Preferably, the iCP-SOCS3 recombinant protein may be used as protein-based anti-lung cancer agent by utilizing the platform technology for macromolecule intracellular transduction.
Abstract: Isolated polypeptides that are endogenously expressed from nucleotide repeat expansions are disclosed. In some cases, the polypeptides include polypeptide repeats. In some cases, the polypeptide repeats include at least five contiguous repeats of a single amino acid. In other cases, the repeats include at least six contiguous amino acids of a tetra- or penta-amino acid repeat block.
Abstract: A composition of matter is disclosed which comprises isolated oligomers of human islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP). Antibodies recognizing same are also disclosed. Use of the composition of matter and the antibodies are also disclosed.
Abstract: A family of novel feline bitter taste receptors, referred to as feline TAS2R (fTAS2R), are disclosed herein. Isolated polynucleotides encoding the novel feline bitter taste receptors and chimeric polypeptides are also disclosed, as are expression vectors and host cells for expression of the novel feline bitter taste receptors. Methods of identifying compounds that bind to the novel feline bitter taste receptors and modulate their activity are disclosed.
Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition includes a synthetic peptide consisting of about 10 to about 50 amino acids and having an amino acid sequence substantially homologous to consecutive amino acids of a portion of the cytoplasmic doman of at least one of ?v?3 integrin or VEGFR2 that includes a tyrosine residue, the amino acid sequence of the peptide including a phosphorylated tyrosine residue or a ?-carboxyglutamic acid residue that is substituted for a corresponding tyrosine residue of the portion of the cytoplasmic domain of ?v?3 integrin or VEGFR2.
Type:
Application
Filed:
March 13, 2017
Publication date:
July 13, 2017
Inventors:
Tatiana Byzova, Ganapati H. Mahabaleshwar, Weiyi Feng
Abstract: The present invention relates to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists and corresponding nucleic acids derived from tumor necrosis factor receptors (TNFRs) and their use in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. These proteins are soluble secreted decoy receptors that bind to TNF and prevent TNF from signaling to cells. In particular, the proteins are mammalian TNFRs that lack exon 7 and which can bind TNF and can act as a TNF antagonist.
Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for promoting virus infection and increasing virus production, by using a cell line having lost Bst2 gene functions and, more specifically, to a method for promoting target virus infection and increasing target virus production, in addition to promoting virus budding and inhibiting host cell apoptosis by removing the Bst2 gene from a cell line having the ability to produce a virus. According to the present invention, the method for promoting target virus infection and increasing target virus production, by using an animal cell line having lost Bst2 gene functions, can improve production yields of a target virus and an antigen protein, and thus can be useful for the preparation of vaccines for treating and preventing viral diseases.
Abstract: This present invention provides compositions and methods for treating cancer and immune inflammatory disorders by modulating EMR2 signaling pathway.
Abstract: Manufacturing and purification processes of proteins, KH 1-through KH-52, and more KH proteins are being discovered in good healthy cells—named KH CELLS. KH CELLS are good healthy cells in which the RNA synthesizes good proteins that: 1) Send signal to the damaged, sick, and bad cells that triggers that synthesis of good proteins that transform these cells to become GOOD healthy cells; 2) Send signal to the other currently undamaged cells to synthesis of good proteins to protect them from being damaged, infected and prone to DNA and other cellular alterations; and 3) Send signal to the body to produce new cells that are healthy and forbid them from being affected by intra- and extracellular damaging signals. The mechanism that governs these processes is that the KH good healthy cells provide innate good signals that make good proteins to boost the immune system.
Abstract: The present invention relates to a single chain antigen recognizing construct (scARC), which is composed of stabilized variable domains by the introduction of novel disulfide bonds, in order to prevent residual mis-pairing with endogenous ARC chains. The invention further discloses a method for the design of a novel structurally stabilized scARC, the method being based on the visual inspection of the crystal structure of the underlying scARC and the selection of appropriate amino acid substitutions to generate a novel disulfide bond in the protein structure. Furthermore, the invention discloses a method for the production of a cell which expresses the scARC of the invention. Also described are nucleic acids encoding an inventive scARC, as well as DNA and RNA constructs that allow for the expression of the inventive scARC.
Type:
Application
Filed:
March 7, 2017
Publication date:
July 13, 2017
Inventors:
RALF-HOLGER VOSS, SHAO-AN XUE, MATTHIAS THEOBALD, HANS STAUSS
Abstract: Methods of treating Alzheimer's Disease (AD) in patients suffering from mild to moderate AD, including ApoE4 positive patients and patients suffering from mild AD are provided. Also provided are methods of selecting or identifying patients for treatment with an anti-Abeta antibody. Methods include the use of prognostic and/or predictive biomarkers.
Abstract: The present invention relates to Notch-binding agents and Notch antagonists and methods of using the agents and/or antagonists for treating diseases such as cancer. The present invention provides antibodies that specifically bind to a non-ligand binding region of the extracellular domain of one or more human Notch receptor, such as Notch2 and/or Notch3, and inhibit tumor growth. The present invention further provides methods of treating cancer, the methods comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of an antibody that specifically binds to a non-ligand binding region of the extracellular domain of a human Notch receptor protein and inhibits tumor growth.
Type:
Application
Filed:
October 20, 2016
Publication date:
July 13, 2017
Applicant:
OncoMed Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Inventors:
Austin L. GURNEY, Timothy Charles HOEY, Edward Thein Htun van der HORST, Aaron Ken SATO, Yuan Ching LIU, Maureen Fitch BRUHNS, John A. LEWICKI
Abstract: Provided are antibodies that bind to: a sulfonated epitope of the protein Sclerostin, to Sclerostin portions comprising a sulfonated amino acid and to dimerized forms of Sclerostin. Further provided are compositions and peptides comprising a sulfonated epitope of sclerostin. Also provided by this invention are methods for production of such antibodies, both active and passive, and methods for identifying antibodies specific for sulfonation sites in Sclerostin and other antibodies which discriminate between sulfonated and unsulfonated forms of sclerostin. Physical and virtual screening processes are provided in this invention for identifying compounds which disrupt or inhibit sulfonation and the interaction between Sclerostin and binding partners. The antibodies and compositions of the present invention are useful in diagnostic and therapeutic applications directed to Sclerostin-related disorders.
Abstract: The instant invention relates to the field of protein production and in particular to controlled protein heterogeneity compositions and processes for controlling the heterogeneity of proteins expressed in host cells.
Type:
Application
Filed:
December 2, 2016
Publication date:
July 13, 2017
Inventors:
Lisa M. Rives, Cornelia Bengea, Xiaobei Zeng
Abstract: The present disclosure relates to antibodies and proteins comprising an antigen-binding portion thereof that specifically bind to the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-17 A. The disclosure more specifically relates to specific antibodies and proteins that are IL-17 A antagonists (inhibit the activities of IL-17 A and IL-17 AF) and are capable of inhibiting IL-17 A induced cytokine production in in vitro assays, and having an inhibitory effect in an antigen-induced arthritis model in viva The disclosure further relates to compositions and methods of use for said antibodies and proteins to treat pathological disorders that can be treated by inhibiting IL-17A or IL 17AF mediated activity, such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), lupus nephritis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma or cystic fibrosis or other autoimmune and inflammatory disorders.
Type:
Application
Filed:
March 22, 2017
Publication date:
July 13, 2017
Inventors:
Franco E. Di Padova, Thomas Huber, Jean-Michel Rene Rondeau
Abstract: The present invention is directed to therapeutic methods using antibodies and fragments thereof having binding specificity for IL-6 to prevent or treat cachexia, fever, weakness and/or fatigue in a patient in need thereof. In preferred embodiments these patients will comprise those exhibiting (or at risk of developing) an elevated serum C-reactive protein level. In another preferred embodiment, the patient's survivability or quality of life will preferably be improved.
Type:
Application
Filed:
December 15, 2016
Publication date:
July 13, 2017
Inventors:
Jeffrey T.L. SMITH, Randall C. Schatzman, Mark Litton, John Latham
Abstract: The present invention is directed to bi-specific diabodies that comprise two or more polypeptide chains and which possess at least one Epitope-Binding Site that is immunospecific for an epitope of PD-1 and at least one Epitope-Binding Site that is immunospecific for an epitope of LAG-3 (i.e., a “PD-I×LAG-3 bi-specific diabody”). More preferably, the present invention is directed to bi-specific diabodies that comprise four polypeptide chains and which possess two Epitope-Binding Sites that are immunospecific for one (or two) epitope(s) of PD-1 and two Epitope-Binding Site that are immunospecific for one (or two) epitope(s) of LAG-3 (i.e., a “PD-1×LAG-3 bi-specific, tetra-valent diabody”).
Type:
Application
Filed:
June 19, 2015
Publication date:
July 13, 2017
Applicant:
MacroGenics, Inc.
Inventors:
Ezio Bonvini, Leslie S. Johnson, Kalpana Shah, Ross La Motte-Mohs, Paul A. Moore, Scott Koenig
Abstract: Multispecific proteins that bind and specifically redirect NK cells to lyse a target cell of interest are provided without non-specific activation of NK cells in absence of target cells. The proteins have utility in the treatment of disease, notably cancer or infectious disease.
Type:
Application
Filed:
June 23, 2015
Publication date:
July 13, 2017
Inventors:
Laurent GAUTHIER, Nadia ANCERIZ, Ariane MOREL, Benjamin ROSSI
Abstract: The present invention provides methods of treating cancer, particularly cancers that had developed resistance to PD-1 and PDL-1 blockade. Also included are methods of identifying therapeutic targets for the treatment of cancer.
Abstract: The present invention relates to isolated antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof which selectively bind human CD32b. Also provided herein are compositions comprising the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof, methods of using the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof, and methods of making the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof.
Type:
Application
Filed:
December 16, 2016
Publication date:
July 13, 2017
Applicant:
Novartis AG
Inventors:
Nicole BALKE, Thomas CALZASCIA, Stefan EWERT, Alan HARRIS, Heather Adkins HUET, Isabelle ISNARDI, Haihui LU, Matthew John MEYER, Nicholas WILSON, Fangmin WU
Abstract: Antibody molecules that specifically bind to TIM-3 are disclosed. The anti-TIM-3 antibody molecules can be used to treat, prevent and/or diagnose immune, cancerous, or infectious conditions and/or disorders.
Type:
Application
Filed:
February 14, 2017
Publication date:
July 13, 2017
Inventors:
Catherine Anne Sabatos-Peyton, Barbara Brannetti, Alan S. Harris, Thomas Huber, Thomas Pietzonka, Jennifer Marie Mataraza, Walter A. Blattler, Daniel J. Hicklin, Maximiliano Vasquez, Rosemarie H. DeKruyff, Dale T. Umetsu, Gordon James Freeman, Tiancen Hu, John A. Taraszka, Fangmin Xu
Abstract: The present invention relates to anti-TIGIT antibodies, as well as use of these antibodies in the treatment of diseases such as cancer and infectious disease.
Type:
Application
Filed:
March 22, 2017
Publication date:
July 13, 2017
Applicant:
Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.
Inventors:
Sybil M. G. Williams, Drake LaFace, Laurence Fayadat-Dilman, Gopalan Raghunathan, Linda Liang, Wolfgang Seghezzi
Abstract: The present invention generally relates to novel bispecific antigen binding molecules. In addition, the present invention relates to polynucleotides encoding such bispecific antigen binding molecules, and vectors and host cells comprising such polynucleotides. The invention further relates to methods for producing the bispecific antigen binding molecules of the invention, and to methods of using these bispecific antigen binding molecules in the treatment of disease.
Type:
Application
Filed:
October 20, 2016
Publication date:
July 13, 2017
Applicant:
Roche Glycart AG
Inventors:
Johannes Auer, Peter Bruenker, Tanja Fauti, Christiane Neumann, Christian Klein, Wolfgang Schaefer, Claudio Sustmann, Pablo Umana
Abstract: This invention relates to methods and compositions that are useful for the treatment of various diseases, including inflammatory diseases. The invention relates to, in part, doses and regimens for safer immunotherapy in the treatment of these diseases, including, for example, safe treatments with anti-CD28 antibodies.
Abstract: The present invention relates to Tri-Specific Binding Molecules, which are multichain polypeptide molecules that possess three Binding Domains and are thus capable of mediating coordinated binding to three epitopes. The Binding Domains may be selected such that the Tri-Specific Binding Molecules are capable of binding to any three different epitopes. Such epitopes may be epitopes of the same antigen or epitopes of two or three different antigens. In a preferred embodiment, one of such epitopes will be capable of binding to CD3, the second of such epitopes will be capable of binding to CD8, and the third of such epitopes will be capable of binding to an epitope of a Disease-Associated Antigen. The invention also provides a novel ROR1-binding antibody, as well as derivatives thereof and uses for such compositions.
Type:
Application
Filed:
May 29, 2015
Publication date:
July 13, 2017
Applicant:
MacroGenics, Inc.
Inventors:
Leslie S. Johnson, Ling Huang, Gurunadh Reddy Chichili, Kalpana Shah, Chia-Ying Kao Lam, Stephen James Burke, Liqin Liu, Paul A. Moore, Ezio Bonvini, Bhaswati Barat
Abstract: A composition-of-matter comprising an antibody or antibody fragment including an antigen-binding region capable of specifically binding an antigen-presenting portion of a complex composed of a human antigen-presenting molecule and an antigen is disclosed.
Type:
Application
Filed:
March 23, 2017
Publication date:
July 13, 2017
Applicant:
Technion Research & Development Foundation Limited
Abstract: The present invention relates to the seminal discovery that P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) modulates the immune system and immune responses. Specifically, the present invention provides PSGL-1 agonists and antagonists which increase the survival of multifunctional T cells and viral clearance. The present invention further provides methods of treating infectious diseases, cancer and immune and inflammatory diseases and disorders using a PSGL-1 modulator.
Abstract: The present invention provides agents comprising or consisting of a binding moiety with specificity for interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein (IL1RAP) for use in inducing cell death and/or inhibiting the growth and/or proliferation of pathological stem cells and/or progenitor cells associated with a neoplastic hematologic disorder, wherein the cells express IL1RAP. A related aspect of the invention provides agents comprising or consisting of a binding moiety with specificity for interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein (IL1RAP) for use in detecting pathological stem cells and/or progenitor cells associated with a neoplastic hematologic disorder, wherein the cells express IL1RAP. Further provided are pharmacological compositions comprising the agents of the invention and methods of using the same.
Abstract: Provided herein is are methods of reducing exacerbations of asthma in an asthma patient, comprising administering to the patient an effective amount of the anti-interleukin-5 receptor (IL-5R) antibody benralizumab or an antigen-binding fragment thereof.
Type:
Application
Filed:
September 2, 2016
Publication date:
July 13, 2017
Inventors:
Christine Ward, Lorin Roskos, Bing Wang, Donald Raible
Abstract: This invention relates generally to molecules that specifically engage 41BB, a member of the TNF receptor superfamily (TNFRSF). More specifically, this invention relates to multivalent and multispecific molecules that bind at least 41BB.
Type:
Application
Filed:
January 11, 2017
Publication date:
July 13, 2017
Inventors:
Brendan P. Eckelman, John C. Timmer, Chelsie Hata, Kyle S. Jones, Abrahim Hussain, Amir S. Razai, Bryan Becklund, Rajay Pandit, Mike Kaplan, Lucas Rason, Quinn Deveraux
Abstract: This invention relates generally to molecules that specifically engage OX40, a member of the TNF receptor superfamily (TNFRSF). More specifically this invention relates to multivalent and multispecific molecules that bind at least OX40.
Type:
Application
Filed:
January 11, 2017
Publication date:
July 13, 2017
Inventors:
Brendan P. Eckelman, John C. Timmer, Chelsie Hata, Kyle S. Jones, Abrahim Hussain, Amir S. Razai, Bryan Becklund, Rajay Pandit, Mike Kaplan, Lucas Rason, Quinn Deveraux
Abstract: Provided herein are tetravalent antibodies that specifically bind to human PSGL-1. Unlike bivalent antibodies, these tetravalent antibodies contain a dimer of two monomers, with each monomer comprising two light chain variable (VL) domains and two heavy chain variable (VH) domains. This format allows for cross-linker/FcR-expressing cell-independent tetravalent antibodies against PSGL-1 that show enhanced efficacy as compared to bivalent PSGL-1 antibodies. These tetravalent antibodies can be used in a variety of diagnostic and therapeutic methods, including without limitation treating T-cell mediated inflammatory diseases, transplantations, and transfusions.
Abstract: Provided herein are methods for alleviating symptoms in a subject having a neurodegenerative disorder, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of an isolated binding molecule which specifically binds to semaphorin-4D (SEMA4D) or to its Plexin-B1 or Plexin-B2 receptors.
Type:
Application
Filed:
March 21, 2017
Publication date:
July 13, 2017
Inventors:
Ernest S. Smith, Maurice Zauderer, William J. Bowers, Alan Jonason
Abstract: Disclosed is a method for determining the likelihood of the presence or progression of a hepatocellular carcinoma in a subject, comprising determining the level of extracellular form of Agrin in an extracellular fluid obtained from the subject. Also disclosed are the use of anti Agrin agent for therapy, a pharmaceutical composition comprising anti-Agrin agent, a method of treating cancer comprising an anti-Agrin agent, a use of anti-Agrin agent and a kit thereof.
Abstract: The present invention provides: an antibody exhibiting specificity for MUC1, the antibody having a glycan structure expressed at high levels in cancer cells; a method for manufacturing this antibody; and a novel means and method for the diagnosis and prevention and/or treatment of cancer using this antibody. The present invention is a monoclonal antibody to human MUC1, wherein the antibody specifically recognizes a glycopeptide having a human MUC1 tandem unit and furthermore having an O-linked glycan core (0(Tn)) in any one of the threonine and serine in the amino acid sequence of this human MUC1 tandem unit. A method for detecting MUC1 in a human body-fluid sample. A kit including this monoclonal antibody. A pharmacological composition for the prevention and/or treatment of a malignant tumor, the pharmacological composition containing this monoclonal antibody as an active ingredient.
Abstract: Inhibition of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, human epidermal growth factor receptor 3, or of the heterodimerization of these proteins has presently been found to mitigate mechanically-induced lung injury or a lung-stretch injury. Provided are methods for treating a mechanically-induced lung injury or a lung-stretch injury, for increasing lung compliance, moderating alveolar epithelial permeability, or both in a subject having a mechanically-induced lung injury or a lung-stretch injury, for protecting a subject against a decrease in lung compliance, an increase in alveolar epithelial permeability, or both, as a result of a mechanically-induced lung injury or a lung-stretch injury, such methods involving the administration of an inhibitor of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) or human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3), or an inhibitor of the heterodimerization of HER2/HER3.
Abstract: Described herein are anti-PCSK9 antibody crystals, methods of making such antibody crystals and formulations comprising the antibody crystals.
Type:
Application
Filed:
July 13, 2015
Publication date:
July 13, 2017
Inventors:
Twinkle R. CHRISTIAN, Christi L. CLOGSTON, Timothy David OSSLUND