Abstract: A method for predicting selective performance of an adsorbent is disclosed. The adsorbent is selected from a list of metals and/or metal cations for use in removing contaminants as thiophene derivatives in hydrocarbon feed. The metals or metal cations are identified from a list having a positive value for Erel, wherein the metal or metal cation having the largest value for Erel is the most selective adsorbent.

Abstract: An oxidative desulfurization process is provided in which gaseous oxidant required for oxidative desulfurization reactions is dissolved in the feedstock upstream of the oxidative desulfurization reactor. Gaseous oxidant is mixed with a generally liquid phase feedstock (and in certain embodiment peroxide precursors are also mixed) in a mixing zone under conditions effective to dissolve the gaseous oxidant in the liquid feedstock. The gaseous oxidant dissolved in the hydrocarbon feedstock provides a gaseous oxidant-enhanced feedstock which is charged to the oxidative desulfurization reaction zone thereby permitting substantially liquid phase operation.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are scavenging compounds and compositions useful in applications relating to the production, transportation, storage, and separation of crude oil and natural gas. Also disclosed herein are methods of using the compounds and compositions as scavengers, particularly in applications relating to the production, transportation, storage, and separation of crude oil and natural gas.

Abstract: TiO2-supported catalysts include at least molybdenum or tungsten as active components for hydrotreating processes, in particular for the removal of sulfur and nitrogen compounds as well as metals out of crude oil fractions and for the hydrogenation of sulfur oxides.

Abstract: In the hydrocarbon oil production method, mixed oil containing atmospheric residue and deasphalted oil is brought into contact with a demetallizing catalyst in the presence of a hydrogen gas, and the mixed oil subjected to the demetallizing process is brought into contact with a desulfurizing catalyst in the presence of a hydrogen gas. The demetallizing catalyst optionally includes a low-reactivity catalyst. A part of a metallic composition contained in the mixed oil is a decomposable metallic composition. The amount of vanadium in the decomposable metallic composition is x % relative to the amount of vanadium in a whole vanadium-containing compound, the volume of the low-reactivity catalyst is y vol % relative to the total demetallizing catalyst: 0<x100, 0<y?100, and x?50?y2.6x?99.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a process to produce para-xylene and, optionally, ortho-xylene, including coupling two in-series xylenes separation systems with two parallel isomerization systems for energy savings and/or productivity increases.

Abstract: Methods are provided for processing a gas oil boiling range feedstock, such as a vacuum gas oil, in a single reaction stage and/or without performing intermediate separations. The methods are suitable for forming lubricants and distillate fuels while reducing or minimizing the production of lower boiling products such as naphtha and light ends. The methods can provide desirable yields of distillate fuels and lubricant base oils without requiring separate catalyst beds or stages for dewaxing and hydrocracking. The methods are based in part on use of a dewaxing catalyst that is tolerant of sour processing environments while still providing desirable levels of activity for both feed conversion and feed isomerization.

Abstract: Corrosion induced by the presence of naphthenic acids in hydrocarbon fluids, particularly where such fluids are at elevated temperatures, may be inhibited or controlled through use of corrosion inhibiting compositions comprising a combination of a minor portion of a phosphorus-based constituent and a major portion of a sulfur-based constituent, nitrogen-based constituent, or combination thereof. In another embodiment the sulfur-based constituent and/or nitrogen-based constituent may be used without any phosphorus-based constituent. Where the compounds are appropriately selected, the compositions may inhibit corrosion to a degree comparable or nearly comparable to the inhibition provided by an equal amount of some conventional phosphorus-based compounds alone, but are significantly less likely to impair catalyst activity in downstream cracking and refinery operations.

Abstract: Apparatus for pyrolyzing or gasifying the organic content of material, including organically coated waste, biomass, industrial waste, municipal solid waste and sludge, having organic content; the apparatus comprising: an oven having a rotatable portion comprising a treatment chamber adapted to receive material for treatment; a plurality of gas inlets in at least one wall (5) of the treatment chamber through which hot gases are introduced to the treatment chamber to heat the material therein so as to cause the organic components thereof to pyrolyze or gasify; and a plurality of pockets (8) having open faces turned inwardly towards the inside of the treatment chamber on at least one wall of the rotatable portion such that, in use, material being pyrolyzed or gasified can be received from the treatment chamber into the plurality of pockets (8) via said open faces, and be substantially retained therein through an initial rotation of the oven of less than 90 degrees.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for the production of terephthalic acid and derivatives thereof using ethylene oxide, carbon monoxide and furan as feedstocks. The process is characterized by high yields and high carbon efficiency. The process can utilize 100% biobased feedstocks (EO via ethanol, CO via biomass gasification, and furan via known processes from cellulosic feedstocks).

Abstract: A gasifier start-up method for a gasifier capable of preventing or inhibiting a temporary occurrence of black smoke when a gasifier is started-up. A gasifier start-up method for a gasifier, in which a gasifying agent and a solid carbonaceous fuel are supplied and gasified, includes a start-up burner igniting step of supplying a start-up fuel and oxygen-containing gas to a start-up burner and igniting the start-up fuel and oxygen-containing gas, under an inert atmosphere in which an inside of the gasifier around the start-up burner is filled with inert gas; and an oxygen-containing-gas supply adjusting step of adjusting the supply of the oxygen-containing gas such that combustion gas obtained after the combustion reaction of the start-up fuel and the oxygen-containing gas becomes the inert gas, which contains little oxygen.

Abstract: A system and method for a constituent rendering of biomass and other carbon-based materials is provided. The system can be configured for receiving a feedstock material to be rendered into its constituent components, grinding the feedstock to a desired size and/or consistency, and placing the feedstock in contact with a hot mix heat transfer medium within a pressure chamber. Pyrolysis of the feedstock can lead to a breakdown of the feedstock into constituent components that can then be collected.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a binder-free product and process for making the product. The product is a mechanically stable, water resistant torrefied biomass product that does not comprise an extrinsic binder additive. The product is made using a combination of appropriate pre-treatment steps and compressing the conditioned biomass feedstock into a thermally managed compaction device comprising at least one modified die. The modified die allows for differential cooling/heating modifications so as to control the temperature near the entrance to the compaction device and passing the formed torrefied biomass into a post-formation curing zone.

Abstract: A composition that includes one or more compounds represented by the formula R1—O—R2 wherein R1 is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl or polyaryl group having from about 4 to about 40 carbon atoms, and R2 is the residue of a substituted or unsubstituted glycol ether having from about 4 to about 40 carbon atoms. The composition has a viscosity (Kv100) from about 1 to about 10 cSt at 100° C. as determined by ASTM D-445, a viscosity index (VI) from about ?100 to about 300 as determined by ASTM D-2270, and a Noack volatility of no greater than 50 percent as determined by ASTM D-5800. The disclosure also relates to a process for producing the composition, a lubricating oil base stock and lubricating oil containing the composition, and a method for improving one or more of oxidative stability, solubility and dispersancy of polar additives of a lubricating oil by using as the lubricating oil a formulated oil containing the composition.

Abstract: A lubricant composition including: tungsten disulfide having a particle size of 4 to 160 nm; an alkali metal borate; a borate ester; and a base oil.

Abstract: A lubricant composition of (a) an oil of lubricating viscosity; (b) a dispersant comprising the condensation product of a carboxylic functionalized polymer with an aromatic amine having at least 3 aromatic rings and at least one primary or secondary amino group; and (c) an overbased metal detergent comprising an oil-soluble neutral metal salt component and a metal carbonate component, provides good seal and corrosion performance. Desirably, the total amount of neutral metal salt component in the lubricant composition is at least about 0.75 percent by weight and the sulfated ash level of the lubricant composition is less than about 1.1 percent.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition for refrigerating machines contains a base oil and an additive in a form of a hydrocarbon compound having a biphenyl structure or a stilbene structure. When the present lubricating oil composition for refrigerating machines is used in refrigerating equipment such as an open-type automobile air-conditioner, an electric automobile air-conditioner, a gas heat pump, other air-conditioning equipment, a refrigerating machine, a vending machine, a showcase, a water-heating system and a refrigerating/heating system, it is possible to detect the leakage of a refrigerant with a long-lasting stability. Therefore, when an unsaturated chlorofluorocarbon refrigerant with a poor stability is used in the above-listed equipment, the present lubricating oil composition for refrigerating machines is significantly advantageous.

Abstract: The invention provides a grease composition for rolling bearings of automotive electrical equipment or automotive auxiliaries, containing a base oil that includes as an essential component an alkyldiphenyl ether oil; a diurea thickener represented by formula (1); an anti-flaking additive including an organic sulfonate rust inhibitor and a load carrying additive; and an antioxidant. In the formula (1), R2 is a bivalent aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 15 carbon atoms; and one of R1 or R3 represents cyclohexyl group and the other represents cyclohexyl group, an alkyl group having 8 to 22 carbon atoms or an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A lubricating grease composition for extra heavy duty extreme pressure applications comprises a major amount of a synthetic base oil a lithium complex thickener, at least one extreme pressure agent; and at least 5 wt. % of molybdenum disulfide, based on a total weight of the lubricating grease composition.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a process for refining of crude tall oil (CTO). The process comprises fractionation under vacuum of a refined CTO into at least one stream of refined tall diesel (RTD) or tall oil fatty acids (TOFA), the RTD or TOFA comprises from 2-30% by volume of resin acids and from 20-90% by volume of fatty acids, and at least one stream of resin acid(s) (RA) comprising less than 5% by volume of fatty acids. The stream of RTD or TOFA is deoxygenated forming hydrocarbon compounds in a subsequent step. This invention also relates to a refined tall diesel. Furthermore, a process for the production of a refined tall diesel (RTD) composition, wherein crude sulphate turpentine(s) (CST) is added to the refined tall diesel (RTD) composition, is described.

Abstract: A method and arrangement for separating tall oil products from a black liquor-containing boiling liquid that has been drained off, was produced within a kraft mill chip digester, and includes a fibrous cellulose material in a mixture with the black liquor and tall oil products, and where the boiling liquid is separated in a separation unit arranged to mechanically separate the boiling liquid into a fibrous cellulose material and a mixture of mixed black liquor and tall oil products, where the mixture of boiling liquid and tall oil products is brought to a separation tank, the separation tank being a gravity separation tank, and adapted to be emptied in a discontinuous manner of the tall oil product collected and concentrated therein, the tall oil products being floated on top of and above a fraction of mixed black liquor, where the tall oil products is brought to a centrifugal separator.

Abstract: A surfactant solution of the present invention includes a component (a): an ?-sulfonated fatty acid ester salt; a component (b): an alkanolamine; a component (c): an aromatic sulfonic acid; and a component (d): water, wherein the content of the component (a) is within a range from 30 to 45 mass %, the molar ratio represented by (b)/(a) is within a range from 0.05 to 0.5, and the molar ratio represented by (b)/(c) is within a range from 0.5 to 2.

Abstract: The present application relates to anti-foam compositions and methods of making and using such compositions as well as consumer products that comprise such compositions and the use of same. Such anti-foam compositions have low viscosities yet are effective antifoamers.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods and compositions for treating non-trans fats with a souring composition that acts as both a souring agent and a chelating agent. The invention also relates to methods for reducing the frequency of laundry fires with acidic GLDA.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to cleaning compositions and, more specifically, to cleaning compositions containing a polyetheramine that is suitable for removal of stains from soiled materials.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a hard surface cleaning and treatment composition with a synergistic combination of mild surfactants that makes the composition particularly suited for leather, synthetic leather, vinyl and stainless steel. The composition is gentle and non-damaging to leather and synthetic leather, and leaves no sticky residue. The composition can clean food soils such as mustard, ketchup, shortening and grease and requires no personal protective equipment when being used. In addition, a method of preserving a leather surface or article by contacting said surface with said substrate is disclosed as well as specific methods associated with making the composition to form a stable water in oil emulsion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new metalloproteases derived from Alicyclobacillus and the use thereof in cleaning processes, such as laundry and dish wash, and in particular to the use in low temperature wash and in removal of egg stains. The invention also relates to detergent compositions and cleaning compositions comprising Alicyclobacillus sp. metalloproteases.

Abstract: A liquid cleaning agent containing: a) 20 to 70 wt % water, b) at least one amylase preparation, c) at least one Ca2+-ion source, d) lactic acid or a lactic acid salt, is notable for elevated amylase stability and improved cleaning performance.

Abstract: This invention relates to bis-azo colorants for use as bluing agents, laundry care compositions comprising bis-azo colorants that may serve as bluing agents, processes for making such bluing agents and laundry care compositions and methods of using the same. The bluing agents are generally comprised of at least two components: at least one chromophore component and at least one polymeric component. These bluing agents are advantageous in providing a whitening effect to fabrics, while not building up over time and causing undesirable blue discoloration to the treated fabrics.

Abstract: A biocidal composition is provided, which comprise a mixture of the biocides Poly-(hexamethylene-guanidium chloride) and N,N-didecyl-N-methyl-poly(oxyethyl) ammonium propionate, which biocides have a synergistic biocidal effect against bacteria and fungi. Specifically, the provided composition can be as disinfectants and general biocidal products; preservatives; pest control; control; preservatives for food or feedstocks; antifouling products; embalming and taxidermist fluids; and control of other vertebrates; vermin control on domestic animals, livestock or pets; alga control; and products for use in spas or swimming pools.

Abstract: The invention relates to microcapsules having a particle size distribution that has at least two maxima, wherein the main maximum of the particle size lies in the range of 5 to 100 ?m and wherein the volume assumed by the microcapsules that have a particle size less than ¼ of the particle size of the main maximum is greater than approximately 20% of the total volume of the microcapsules.

Abstract: The present invention provides a multi-compartment laundry detergent water-soluble pouch, wherein the pouch comprises a first compartment and a second compartment, wherein the first compartment comprises a benefit delivery composition, wherein the second compartment comprises a detergent ingredient, wherein the benefit delivery composition comprises a lamellar phase composition and a viscous hydrophobic ingredient, wherein the lamellar phase composition comprises a mixture of surfactant and fatty amphiphile in lamellar phase, wherein the viscous hydrophobic ingredient comprises silicone and/or petrolatum.

Abstract: A brewing system for fermenting beer when isolated from any possible micro-biological contamination comprises a first holding frame in a fermentation tank, a second holding frame in a bright beer tank, a water supply subsystem that is effective to measure, filter, and expose incoming water to UV light, a mixing subsystem that is effective to connect fittings or glands clamped onto manifolds of the fermentation and bright beer tanks, and aseptic dry, sealed bags containing dry ingredients of powdered malt extract, beer mixes, hops, and yeast. The brewing system includes a valve for connecting the water supply subsystem to the fermentation tank, and a mechanism for transferring the powdered malt into a disposable second aseptic dry, sealed fermenter bag for fermentation in the fermentation tank to form fermented beer. The disposable fermenter bag has ports on a bottom manifold and is designed to fit into the first holding frame that is insulated and custom controls its temperature.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an assembly for selectively aerating a liquid including a base member a reservoir adapted to receive the liquid. The assembly also includes a support member non-rotatably coupled to the base member and a diverter member coupled to the support member and rotatable between a first diverter position and a second diverter position. The diverter member has at least one primary aperture and at least one secondary aperture. The assembly additionally includes an aerator member non-rotatably secured to the diverter member, the aerator member having an aeration aperture. In the first diverter position, a portion of the liquid in the reservoir flows through the primary aperture. In the second diverter position, a portion of the liquid in the reservoir flows through the secondary aperture, and though the aeration aperture.

Abstract: A first system includes a feedstock load port and a feedstock discharge port. The first system also includes a tank configured to retain biomass feedstock for aerobic biodegradation. The first system further includes a mechanical ventilator in fluid communication with the tank. The mechanical ventilator is configured to supply air to facilitate the aerobic biodegradation of the biomass feedstock. The first system also includes an exhaust port configured to receive gas generated during the aerobic biodegradation. A second system includes a feedstock load port and a feedstock discharge port. The second system also includes a pressure vessel configured to retain biomass feedstock for anaerobic biodegradation. The second system further includes a gas release device to facilitate migration of gas within the pressure vessel. The second system also includes a water cycler configured to cycle water within the pressure vessel. The second system further includes an exhaust port.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system to separate, enrich, and/or purify a cellular population from a biological tissue, such as a tissue sample. For example, an adipose tissue sample can be acquired and disrupted. The disrupted tissue sample can then be separated and purified. The separated components can include multipotent, pluripotent, or other cell populations.

Abstract: The present invention describes the DNA-sequence of the wild type genome as well as all genetic modifications which were introduced into the wild type—and further developed strains, based thereon. Thereby the first genotypic characterization of the developed strains, including the latest production strain, has been accomplished, accounting for the major part of the invention. Furthermore, on the basis of the determined DNA-sequences, potential genes were identified and account, combined with their functional annotation, for another part of the invention. In particular, the gene- and DNA-sequences, as well as protein-sequences derived there out, contribute to the invention which were affected by mutagenic modifications throughout the strain development process, potentially contributing to the increased production yield.

Abstract: A method of forming a multilayer aggregate of objects in a channel including a liquid, the method including: a) providing objects at first and second superposed regions of the channel, b) obtaining first and second aggregates of objects, optionally by applying transverse acoustic waves, preferably stationary waves, within each region to objects, and c) bringing the first and second aggregates into contact to form the multilayer aggregate of objects by submitting the first and second aggregates to: gravity in absence of acoustic waves, or to acoustic waves, optionally stationary waves, inducing displacement of the first and second aggregates toward each other.

Abstract: The present disclosure is related to methods for forming a stem cell bank. The methods include obtaining a first stem cell from a multi-cell fertilized embryo, expanding the first stem cell into two or more descendant stem cells, and storing at least one of the descendant stem cells to form the stem cell bank. Also disclosed is a kit that can be used for making the stem cell bank during in vitro fertilization. If desired, the HLA serotype of the stem cells can be determined prior to storage.

Abstract: The invention is directed to in vitro methods of inducing differentiation of anterior foregut endoderm and the enriched populations of anterior foregut endoderm produced by such methods. Such enriched populations are useful for studies of the molecular events that occur during differentiation and for generating cells for cell replacement therapy.

Abstract: The generation of complex organ tissues from human embryonic and pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) remains a major challenge for translational studies. It is shown that PSCs can be directed to differentiate into intestinal tissue in vitro by modulating the combinatorial activities of several signaling pathways in a step-wise fashion, effectively recapitulating in vivo fetal intestinal development. The resulting intestinal “organoids” were three-dimensional structures consisting of a polarized, columnar epithelium surrounded by mesenchyme that included a smooth muscle-like layer. The epithelium was patterned into crypt-like SOX9-positive proliferative zones and villus-like structures with all of the major functional cell types of the intestine. The culture system is used to demonstrate that expression of NEUROG3, a pro-endocrine transcription factor mutated in enteric anendocrinosis is sufficient to promote differentiation towards the enteroendocrine cell lineage.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions and methods that relate generally to viruses, and more particularly to the agents and their identification and use of anti-HIV agents which cause latently infected cells to reactivate.

Abstract: Methods are described for predicting ancestral sequences for viruses or portions thereof. Also described are predicted ancestral sequences for adeno-associated virus (AAV) capsid polypeptides. The disclosure also provides methods of gene transfer and methods of vaccinating subjects by administering a target antigen operably linked to the AAV capsid polypeptides.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides engineered ketoreductase enzymes having improved properties as compared to a naturally occurring wild-type ketoreductase enzyme. Also provided are polynucleotides encoding the engineered ketoreductase enzymes, host cells capable of expressing the engineered ketoreductase enzymes, and methods of using the engineered ketoreductase enzymes to synthesize a variety of chiral compounds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to isolated polypeptides having peroxygenase activity, and polynucleotides encoding the polypeptides. The invention also relates to nucleic acid constructs, vectors, and host cells comprising the polynucleotides as well as methods of producing and using the polypeptides. A polynucleotide encoding a peroxygenase was isolated from Thielavia hyrcaniae.

Abstract: Provided are compositions comprising recombinant DNA polymerases that include amino acid substitutions, insertions, deletions, and/or exogenous features that confer modified properties upon the polymerase for enhanced single molecule sequencing. Such properties can include enhanced metal ion coordination, reduced exonuclease activity, reduced reaction rates at one or more steps of the polymerase kinetic cycle, decreased branching fraction, altered cofactor selectivity, increased yield, increased thermostability, increased accuracy, increased speed, increased readlength, and the like. Also provided are nucleic acids which encode the polymerases with the aforementioned phenotypes, as well as methods of using such polymerases to make a DNA or to sequence a DNA template.

Abstract: The present invention provides, among other things, methods and compositions for production of recombinant I2S protein with improved potency and activity using cells co-express I2S and FGE protein. In some embodiments, cells according to the present invention are engineered to simultaneously over-express recombinant I2S and FGE proteins. Cells according to the invention are adaptable to various cell culture conditions. In some embodiments, cells of the present invention adaptable to a large-scale suspension serum-free culture.

Abstract: Mutated Staphylococcus sp. RLH1 ?-glucuronidase enzymes with enhanced enzymatic activity and thermostability as compared to wild type enzyme are provided. The enzymes of the invention advantageously allow for accurate analysis of bodily samples for the presence of drugs in 30 minutes or less, as compared to the several hours needed using prior enzyme preparations. Methods of using the mutated enzymes for hydrolysis of glucuronide substrates, including opiates and benzodiazepines, are also provided.

Abstract: Rapid, animal protein free, chromatographic processes and systems for obtaining high potency, high yield botulinum neurotoxin for research, therapeutic and cosmetic use.

Abstract: The present invention relates to protease variants and methods for obtaining protease variants. The present invention also relates to polynucleotides encoding the variants; nucleic acid constructs, vectors, and host cells comprising the polynucleotides; and methods of using the variants.