Abstract: A system and method for producing graphene includes a heating block, substrate, motor and collection device. The substrate is arranged about the heating block and is configured to receive heat from the heating block. A motor is connected to the substrate to rotate the substrate about the heating block. A cathode and anode are configured to direct a flux stream for deposit onto the rotating substrate. A collection device removes the deposited material from the rotating substrate. A heating element is embedded in the heating block and imparts heat to the heating block. The heating block is made of cement or other material that uniformly disperses the heat from the heating element throughout the heating block. The flux stream can be a carbon vapor, with the deposited flux being graphene.

Abstract: A two-dimensional film (such as graphene) is formed on a surface of a growth substrate. A first surface of the two-dimensional film adheres to the growth substrate, and a second surface of the two-dimensional film is then coated with a conforming carrier layer comprising ethylene vinyl acetate. The surface of the growth substrate is etched to release the two-dimensional film with the conforming carrier layer from the growth substrate, wherein the conforming carrier layer maintains the integrity of the two-dimensional film during and after its release from the growth substrate. The first surface of the two-dimensional film with the conforming carrier layer coating is then applied onto a target substrate to form a graphene coating on the target substrate. The conforming carrier layer is then removed from the two-dimensional film by exposing the conforming carrier layer to a solvent while the two-dimensional film is coating the target substrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for removing carbon from a char product that is formed by heating a silica-containing rubber compound in an inert atmosphere or under vacuum. The method includes heating the char product in an oxidising atmosphere to remove the carbon material leaving a silica-containing product. The methods are particularly applicable to vehicle tyre rubber compositions. Silica-containing products obtained by these methods and rubber compositions incorporating such silica-containing products are also aspects of the invention.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for readily and inexpensively producing zeolite without using an organic structure-directing agent (organic SDA). Specifically disclosed is a method whereby a gel containing a silica source, an alumina source, an alkaline source and water is reacted with zeolite seed crystals, to produce a zeolite with the same kind of skeletal structure as the zeolite. The gel used is a gel of a composition whereby, when a zeolite is synthesized from this gel only, the synthesized zeolite comprises at least one of the kinds of composite building units of the target zeolite.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a process for obtaining the purest form of Himalayan pink salt. The purest form of Himalayan pink salt is preferably in crystal in form and is substantially clear and colorless. The disclosure provides a purification process that identifies and removes solid impurities affording the purest form of Himalayan pink salt. The system may machine vision algorithms that process feedback from one or more sensors to detect and identify color or clarity, and may use one or more host controllers to remove solid impurities. The controller may identify the color or clarity and ensure consistent removal of the solid impurities.

Abstract: Particles for a monolithic refractory are made of a spinet porous sintered body which is represented by a chemical formula of MgAl2O4, wherein pores having a pore size of 0.01 ?m or more and less than 0.8 ?m occupy 10 vol % or more and 50 vol % or less with respect to a total volume of pores having a pore size of 10 ?m or less in the particles, and the particles for a monolithic refractory have grain size distribution in which particles having a particle size of less than 45 ?m occupy 60 vol % or less, particles having a particle size of 45 ?m or more and less than 100 ?m occupy 20 vol % or more and 60 vol % or less, and particles having a particle size of 100 ?m or more and 1000 ?m or less occupy 10 vol % or more and 50 vol % or less.

Abstract: Process for manufacture of purified alkaline earth metal carbonate The invention concerns a process for the manufactore of a purified alkaline earth metal carbonate, the purified alkaline earth metal carbonate obtainable by said process, and its use in the manufacture of products and devices in the field of electronics and glass. The process comprises the steps of calcinating the alkaline earth metal carbonate with an aqueous phase comprising a salt. The alkaline earth metal carbonate might be barium carbonate or strontium carbonate.

Abstract: Disclosed is a compound semiconductor material with excellent performance and its utilization. The compound semiconductor may be expressed by Chemical Formula 1 below: M1aCo4Sb12-xM2x ??Chemical Formula 1 where M1 and M2 are respectively at least one selected from In and a rare earth metal element, 0?a?1.8, and 0?x?0.6.

Abstract: A fluorescent material has a composition represented by (Gd1??????R?Ce?Tb?)3+a(Al1?u?vGauScv)5?bO12, wherein: R is at least one of Y and Lu; a, b, ?, ?, ?, u and v satisfy ranges below: 0?a?0.1, 0?b?0.1, 0???0.8, 0.0003???0.005, 0.02???0.2, 0.27?u?0.75, and 0?v?0.02; a relative density is 99% or more; and an effective atomic number is 35 or more and 60 or less.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatus related to inorganic halide perovskite nanowires. In one aspect, a first solution comprising cesium oleate or rubidium oleate in a first organic solvent is provided. A second solution comprising a lead halide and a surfactant in a second organic solvent is provided. The halide is selected from a group consisting of chlorine, bromine, and iodine. The first solution and the second solution are mixed. A reaction between the cesium oleate or the rubidium oleate and the lead halide forms a plurality of nanowires comprising an inorganic lead halide perovskite.

Abstract: A method for producing metal carbonate is disclosed. The method includes the following steps of providing a first mixture of metal and a catalyst containing iron, NO groups, and N-containing ligands first; then introducing carbon dioxide to the first mixture to form a second mixture and obtaining a product. The method described here can improve the yield and decrease the cost of metal carbonate production.

Abstract: A modular liquid waste treatment system is disclosed. In accordance with some embodiments, the system includes a central distribution unit and one or more treatment fins in flow communication therewith. The distribution unit may be configured to receive liquid waste from a given source and distribute that waste, at least in part, to one or more treatment fins. In turn, bacteria present in a given treatment fin treat the liquid waste, and the resultant treated liquid may drain from the fin to the surrounding environment. In some embodiments, a given treatment fin may include porous media providing a large surface area on which bacteria may grow to facilitate treatment. The system may be installed in and/or above the ground, and in some cases may be surrounded, at least in part, with treatment sand and/or other treatment media. The system may be used in aerobic and/or anaerobic processing of liquid waste.

Abstract: A water supply management system for managing a water supply having one or more water processing or control devices is disclosed. The system comprises: one or more sensors (201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206), each sensor taking measurements of one or more parameters of a water supply passing through the water supply system; a communication module (103) connected to the sensors (201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206) to receive the measurements in the form of data from the sensors (201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206); and at least one computing device (106) remotely connected to the communication module (103) to receive the data from the communication module (103), thereby to allow a user to use the computing device (106) to remotely monitor in real-time a status of one or more of the processing or control devices based on the data. Also disclosed is a water processing or control device for use in such a system.

Abstract: The hybrid desalination system is a desalination system for seawater which uses both filtering and treatment from a reverse osmosis filter system as well as evaporative distillation for the production of potable water. The hybrid desalination system includes a recovery system, which may be a reverse osmosis system, a forward osmosis system, or a combination thereof, for at least partially desalinating a volume of saltwater and outputting a treated fluid. A boiler is in fluid communication with the recovery system for receiving the treated fluid and producing pure water by evaporative desalination. The boiler includes an internal heating coil for passing a heated working fluid therethrough. A collection tank is in communication with to the boiler for receiving the pure water. At least one solar parabolic trough is in fluid communication with the internal heating coil of the boiler for heating the heated working fluid.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a treatment system for removing dissolved contaminants (e.g., arsenic) from a contaminated fluid (e.g., water) utilizes in-situ generation of adsorption filtration media or reactive components. Corrosion materials (e.g., iron oxide complexes) that serve as the adsorption filtration media or reactive components are generated by supplying a flow of contaminated fluid, and injecting air, into a generator vessel containing pieces of an oxidizable source (e.g., zero-valent iron spheres). The pieces of the oxidizable source are agitated to release particulates of corrosion materials from their surface into solution with the contaminated fluid. Simultaneous to the ongoing generation of corrosion materials, dissolved contaminants in the contaminated fluid are adsorbed on the corrosion materials.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a method, system and apparatus for the treatment fluids. An apparatus for the treatment of a fluid comprises a fluid chamber and at least one ultraviolet light unit arranged at a periphery of the fluid chamber. The at least one ultraviolet light unit comprises at least one ultraviolet light emitting diode and an ultraviolet light directing element. The ultraviolet light directing element is configured to collimate at least a portion of the light emitted from the at least one ultraviolet light emitting diode in use such that the ultraviolet light rays emitted from each ultraviolet light unit are parallel in a first plane. Also described is a method for the cooling a light emitting diode in a fluid treatment system.

Abstract: A laser ablation and filtration process and apparatus wherein liquid containing hydrocarbons or other contaminates is purified. The liquid is exposed to laser energy at one or more selected wavelengths wherein the laser energy travels through the liquid and reaches the hydrocarbons or other contaminates and vaporizes, denatures, breaks down, neutralizes, renders inert and/or separates the hydrocarbons or contaminates from the liquid. A laser source is positioned in or on a vessel based on pre-set parameters to maximize exposure of the liquid to the laser energy, including sizing parameters, angle and inclination of the laser, retention time for the laser process to be applied and geometry of the containment for proper inclination. One or more collection chambers, which may include perforated membranes may be included to collect gases, separated hydrocarbons or contaminates and other by-products of the process. The vessel utilized may be submergible in water to pull or flow contaminated water therethough.

Abstract: An article includes a layer including a melt processable fluoropolymer, wherein the fluoropolymer includes a copolymer of a tetrafluoroethylene and a perfluoroether, wherein the article has an ultraviolet transmittance of at least about 50% at a thickness of about 0.040 inches to about 0.062 inches when exposed to ultraviolet radiation of about 200 nm to about 280 nm. Further provided is a method of making the article and an apparatus for purifying water including an article, such as a flexible tube.

Abstract: Separation of particles or droplets from a host fluid may be achieved using a transducer and/or reflector that is a thin, non-planar structure. The thin non-planar structure improves operation of an acoustic standing wave generated by an acoustic transducer. The structure may operate as a pressure release boundary and may be constructed as plastic film.

Abstract: A skimmer for removing a layer of oil floating on a surface oil contaminated water which subsequently concentrated and separated in an oil water separator which removes tramp oils or other fluids, such as hydraulic oils, with specific gravity less than that of the operating fluid are required to be removed from operating fluid such as water, lubri-coolants or other liquids. The skimmer supplies concentrated oil water composite fluid to a separator apparatus designed for use in industrial applications in which unwanted tramp oils or other fluids, such as hydraulic oils, with specific gravity less than that of the operating fluid are required to be removed from operating fluid such as water, lubri-coolants or other liquids.

Abstract: Methods for extracting lithium from solutions containing lithium ions via reversible cation exchange with H+ are provided. The methods utilize metal oxide or metalloid oxide cation exchange materials having an active sublattice that preferentially bind Li+ cations, relative to both H+ and Na+, in a sample solution and preferentially bind H+, relative to Li+, in an acidic solution.

Abstract: A method for converting a salt-based ion exchange water softener into a brine-based system. The system includes a resin tank containing an ion exchange media, a batch tank containing crystalline salt, a master valve for directing water flow through selected portions of the softener system, a brine conduit connecting the batch tank to the master valve, and a controller for managing the master valve position to define at least operating, brine fill, and brine draw cycles. A control valve is installed in the brine conduit to prevent fresh water flow from the master valve to the batch tank and the crystalline salt in the batch tank replaced with a quantity of liquid brine. It is preferable to adjust the duration of the brine draw cycle to limit the brine draw cycle to the minimum time necessary to provide sufficient brine to the resin tank to recharge the ion exchange media.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a system, in which impurities are removed from an aqueous solution by an electroflotation method in a substantially horizontal flow channel (20) by using lamellae (1 to 4) as electrodes. When compared to prior art methods and systems, the invention provides the advantages of a simple construction, scalability and inexpensive operating costs.

Abstract: An electrolyzed water-manufacturing apparatus comprises: a flow-through-type electrolysis tank, having a pair of electrodes disposed parallel to each other, obtained by forming an anode chamber and a cathode chamber with a diaphragm stretched between the electrodes parallel therewith, and through which water flows through the anode chamber and the cathode chamber sequentially; a electrolysis starting water supply tube connected to the inlet of the anode chamber for supplying electrolysis starting water only to the anode chamber; an electrolyzed water extraction tube connected to the outlet of the cathode chamber for extracting the electrolyzed water; a circulation tube connecting the anode chamber outlet to the cathode chamber inlet; a free chlorine-removing filter disposed in the circulation tube; and a circulation tube formed downstream of the free chlorine-removing filter.

Abstract: A nitrate reduction method includes the step of reducing at least one type selected from a group of nitrates and nitrites at an active site included in a defect of graphene in a reduction reaction, wherein the graphene is a reduced product of graphene oxide, and the defect of the graphene is derived from a defect of the graphene oxide.

Abstract: A method and system for injecting a pulsed radio frequency signal into a fluid-containing system in order to create and propagate an electromagnetic field throughout the fluid-containing system. The electromagnetic field may be used to prevent the formation and build-up of scale in the fluid-containing system and/or to prevent the proliferation of bacteria within the fluid-containing system. The method and system may also be used to inject a pulsed radio frequency signal at a number of points in a fluid-containing system, or to inject a pulsed radio frequency signal to a number of independent fluid-containing systems.

Abstract: A method of removing barium and naturally occurring radioactive material from produced water. The method includes pretreating the produced water having a pH in a range of from about 4.0 to about 10.0 with a sulfate source to form a suspension of barium sulfate, radium sulfate, or a combination thereof, treating the pretreated produced water with an anionic flocculant and gravitational])? separating the treated produced water from the barium sulfate, radium sulfate, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: A redox water treatment method comprises first determining the composition of water and whether water treatment requires either oxidation or reduction, or both to optimize nitrogen removal by a bioreactor. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is injected into the water to be treated to provide H+, SO2, SO3=, HSO3?, dithionous acid (H2S2O4), and other sulfur intermediate reduction products forming a sulfur dioxide treated water, which behaves either as a reducing agent or an oxidizing agent depending on the strength of the acid concentration, which alters sulfurous acid from a reducing agent to a more powerful oxidizing agent.

Abstract: A method of treating water includes directing a stream of water towards a lateral side of a water treatment substance body contained within a holder. The water stream serves to abrade the water treatment substance body, thereby to dose the water with the water treatment substance. Dosed water is thus formed. The dosed water is allowed to pass through at least one opening in the holder.

Abstract: A fiber bundle for bearing microorganisms. Fiber filaments are wound into a ring shape or have two ends bound into a bundle, or wires, ropes or bands made of staple fibers or fiber filaments are wound into a ring shape or have two ends bound into a bundle or are woven into a strip. A filter layer formed by fiber bundles for bearing microorganisms is characterized in large specific surface area and high porosity, and the unit capacity of bearing the microorganisms may be several times that of a granular filter material.

Abstract: Aerobic processes are disclosed for the treatment of wastewater which contains at least one substrate comprising at least one of organocarbon component and ammonium cation. A bioreactor is used for the treatment which contains ME biocatalysts to provide high bioreactor bioactivity density. The processes reduce sludge generated and are capable of effecting the metabolic oxidation at low dissolved oxygen concentrations.

Abstract: The invention relates to wastewater treatment systems with decentralized disposal of treated wastewater and methods of using the same. The invention further relates to methods of converting existing septic systems to a wastewater treatment plant system.

Abstract: Provided is a biological treatment method and an apparatus that allow organic wastewater from a manufacturing process of electronic devices to be neutralized efficiently during its biological treatment with a less neutralizer in contrast to excessive use thereof in the conventional biological treatment and thereby make it possible to reduce an amount of an inorganic coagulant used in the downstream coagulation step and to reduce salt loads in RO membrane separation and ion exchange treatment. Wastewater from a process of manufacturing electronic devices is passed sequentially through two or more biological treatment tanks that include at least two aerobic biological treatment tanks including the final-stage aerobic biological treatment tank while adding a neutralizer to the biological treatment tank or tanks except the final-stage biological treatment tank so that an M-alkalinity of the liquid in the final-stage biological treatment tank is maintained at not more than 50 mg/L as CaCO3.

Abstract: Provided are systems and methods for treating wastewater with a continuous-process mobile station. The mobile station may include one or more mobile units configured to receive a feed of wastewater. The one or more mobile units may include: a mobile ozonation unit configured to treat the received feed of wastewater with ozone gas to breakdown impurities in the wastewater, a pH control unit may be configured to raise pH of the treated wastewater, a mobile electrocoagulation unit configured to separate solids and metals from the treated wastewater, a mobile flocculation unit configured to cause suspended particles to form flocs and to remove the flocs from the received treated water.

Abstract: A methane fermentation system which can efficiently generate methane gas is provided. The methane fermentation system decomposes an organic waste with an anaerobic microorganism to cause methane fermentation so as to generate the methane gas. The methane fermentation system includes a wet bead mill which finely pulverizes the organic waste. The methane fermentation system also includes a methane fermentation chamber in which the organic waste finely pulverized in the wet bead mill is decomposed with the anaerobic microorganism to cause the methane fermentation so as to generate the methane gas.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods and apparatuses for adding thermal energy to a glass melt. Apparatuses for generating a thermal plasma disclosed herein comprise an electrode, a grounded electrode, a dielectric plasma confinement vessel extending between the two electrodes, and a magnetic field generator extending around the dielectric plasma confinement vessel. Also disclosed herein are methods for fining molten glass comprising generating a thermal plasma using the apparatuses disclosed herein and contacting the molten glass with the thermal plasma. Glass structures produced according to these methods are also disclosed herein.

Abstract: A prefmer (28) is described and includes a chamber (34) for receiving molten glass exiting a submerged combustion melter. The prefmer (28) also includes a foam breaker (36) and an exit conduit (38). The molten glass holding chamber includes a top portion (42), a bottom portion (40), and an enclosing sidewall (44). The top portion (42) includes an opening to accommodate the foam breaker (36), which is positioned to break the glass bubbles within the chamber. The exit conduit (38) resides within the chamber (34) and is in fluid communication with an outlet (68) in the sidewall (44) The exit conduit (38) is positioned to permit molten glass to flow from the lower section of the chamber to the outlet (68) and to the next stage of processing, typically a finer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a heat exchanger for the supply of oxygen or of a gas mixture containing at least 50% oxygen, the temperature at the outlet of the exchanger not being below 300° C., it preferably being above 400° C., the oxygen or the oxygen-rich gas feeding one or more burners of a glass melting furnace, the heat of the combustion gases being used directly or indirectly to heat the oxygen or the oxygen-rich gas in the exchanger, in which the exchange power is between 20 and 300 kW, preferably between 40 and 250 kW and particularly preferably between 80 and 170 kW.

Abstract: A method for producing a blank from titanium-doped, highly silicic-acidic glass having a specified fluorine content for use in EUV lithography is described, in which the thermal expansion coefficient over the operating temperature remains at zero as stably as possible. The course of the thermal expansion coefficient of Ti-doped silica glass depends on a plurality of influencing factors. In addition to the absolute titanium content, the distribution of the titanium is of significant importance, as is the ratio and distribution of additional doping elements, such as fluorine. In the method, fluorine-doped TiO2—SiO2 soot particles are generated and processed further via consolidation and vitrifying into the blank, and, by flame hydrolysis of input substances containing silicon and titanium, TiO2—SiO2-soot particles are formed, exposed to a reagent containing fluorine in a moving powder bed, and converted to the fluorine-doped TiO2—SiO2-soot particles.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus provide for an ultra-thin glass sheet having a thickness of less than about 0.3 mm, being of a non-developable 3D shape, and including at least one bend having a radius of curvature of less than about 200 mm.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a vacuum plate and a method for manufacturing it. The vacuum plate comprises at least two layers of plate, a plurality of support structures with different heights, and an organic film. The plates in adjacent layers are separated by a plurality of the support structures with different heights, peripheries of the at least two layers of plate are connected and sealed via a sealing mixture; and the peripheries of the at least two layers of plate and the outside of the sealing mixture are covered with the organic film.

Abstract: A method is provided for aligning scoring tools and for scoring glass, in particular thin glass, along predetermined scoring lines in preparation for breaking along the score. Glass substrates, in particular thin glass substrates, produced by such method are also provided. The method includes the determination of the actual orientation of the cutting edge of the scoring tool and aligning of the cutting edge to a target orientation of the cutting edge.

Abstract: The method includes tracing a score line on the surface of the glass, using a scoring tool, and breaking out using a local pressure system applied on the opposite face and opposite the score line, the local pressure system being moved and pressed along the score line on the opposite face.

Abstract: The process relates to the manufacture of a plurality of glazings of complex shape from a rectangular sheet of float glass of large dimensions. The process includes at a first station for cutting the glass sheet, scoring at least one cutting line corresponding to at least one ready-to-shape edge of the glazings; a first breaking operation; at a second cutting station, scoring at least one cutting line corresponding to at least one other ready-to-shape edge of the glazings, and a second breaking operation.

Abstract: A tool for holding at least one glass pane by means of suction in a bending process, comprising a frame-like, convex contact surface and a cover having a peripheral air guide plate that surrounds the contact surface at least in regions is described. The tool is suitable for generating a first, reduced pressure in a first pressure region between the air guide plate and the contact surface; a second pressure in a second pressure region, which is arranged in a central region inside the contact surface, wherein the second pressure is greater than the first pressure.

Abstract: A method of controlling the temperature of an optical fiber is provided that includes the steps of: providing an energy transfer member configured to accept or provide thermal energy, the energy transfer member defines an energy transfer surface; passing an optical fiber proximate the energy transfer member such that a gap is defined between the optical fiber and the energy transfer surface; and transferring thermal energy between the optical fiber and the energy transfer member via conduction across the gap.

Abstract: An optical fiber manufacturing method includes: melting and drawing an optical fiber preform to form a glass fiber; cooling the glass fiber while inserting the glass fiber into a tubular slow-cooling device from an inlet end toward an outlet end thereof, and lowering an inner wall temperature of the slow-cooling device below a temperature of the glass fiber and providing a pressure gradient in which a pressure increases in a direction from the inlet end toward the outlet end inside the slow-cooling device when cooling the glass fiber, wherein the average pressure change dP/dL in a moving direction of the glass fiber inside the slow-cooling device satisfies the following Formula (1) when the tube inner diameter of the slow-cooling device is defined as D [m] and the length of an internal space of the slow-cooling device in the moving direction of the glass fiber is defined as L [m]. (?D2/4)×dP/dL?0.

Abstract: An X-ray and gamma-ray shielding glass, including the following components in weight-%: 10-35% SiO2; 60-70% PbO; 0-8% B2O3; 0-10% Al2O3; 0-10% Na2O; 0-10% K2O; 0-0.3% As2O3; 0-2% Sb2O3; 0-6% BaO; and 0.05-2% ZrO2.

Abstract: The present invention provides a cover glass for a display, having high durability to slow cracking and strong abraded strength even though a compressive stress is large and a depth of a compressive stress layer is deep. The present invention relates to a cover glass for a display, in which a depth of a compressive stress layer (DOL) is 30 ?m or more, a surface compressive stress is 300 MPa or more, a position (HW) at which a compressive stress is half of a value of the surface compressive stress is a position of 8 ?m or more from a glass surface, and the depth of the compressive stress layer (DOL) and the position (HW) at which the compressive stress is half of the value of the surface compressive stress satisfy the following formula: 0.05?HW/DOL?0.23??(1).

Abstract: A cover member includes at least a chemically strengthened glass. The chemically strengthened glass has a Young's modulus of 60 GPa or higher. The chemically strengthened glass includes a first surface and a second surface facing the first surface. The chemically strengthened glass has a thickness t of 0.4 mm or less.