Abstract: Provided is a non-alkali glass having a strain point of 680° C. or higher, having an average thermal expansion coefficient of from 30×10?7/° C. to 45×10?7/° C. at from 50° C. to 350° C., containing, indicated by mass % on the basis of oxides: SiO2: 54% to 66%, Al2O3: 10% to 27%, B2O3: 0.2% to 5.5%, MgO: 0% to 10%, CaO: 0% to 15%, SrO: 0% to 15%, BaO: 0% to 15%, and MgO+CaO+SrO+BaO: 8% to 25%, containing 600 mass ppm or less of Na2O, and satisfying a mass ratio (Na2O/B2O3) between Na2O and B2O3 being from 0.001 to 0.3.

Abstract: A compositional range of high strain point and/or intermediate expansion coefficient alkali metal free aluminosilicate and boroaluminosilicate glasses are described herein. The glasses can be used as substrates or superstrates for photovoltaic devices, for example, thin film photovoltaic devices such as CdTe or CIGS photovoltaic devices or crystalline silicon wafer devices. These glasses can be characterized as having strain points ?600° C., thermal expansion coefficient of from 35 to 50×10?7/° C.

Abstract: The invention relates to phosphate-based glasses suitable for use as a solid laser medium, doped with Er3+ and sensitized with Yb, in “eye-safe” applications. In particular, the invention relates to improving the physical properties of such phosphate-based laser glass composition, particularly with regards to strength of the glass structure and improved thermal shock resistance.

Abstract: A glass coating composition for a fuel cell gasket is described. The coating comprises: a glass component effective to form an alkaline solution in the presence of an equivalent amount of water by weight, a binder component, a liquid carrier which is greater than 50% by volume: water, and a retarder effective to inhibit hardening of the composition. The glass coating composition is particularly useful in fuel cell gaskets and provides improved resistance to solidification in an aqueous dispersion.

Abstract: Provided is a process for producing a wavelength conversion member which can suppress the reaction between inorganic nanophosphor particles and glass to suppress the deterioration of the inorganic nanophosphor particles, and the wavelength conversion member. The process for producing a wavelength conversion member includes the steps of: preparing inorganic nanophosphor particles 1 with an organic protective film formed on respective surfaces thereof; and mixing the inorganic nanophosphor particles 1 with glass powder and firing a resultant mixture in a temperature range where the organic protective films remain as retained films 3.

Abstract: Embodiments of an article including a substrate and a patterned coating are provided. In one or more embodiments, when a strain is applied to the article, the article exhibits a failure strain of 0.5% or greater. Patterned coating may include a particulate coating or may include a discontinuous coating. The patterned coating of some embodiments may cover about 20% to about 75% of the surface area of the substrate. Methods for forming such articles are also provided.

Abstract: A transparent glass or ceramic or glass-ceramic substrate, coated with a functional layer or with a stack of at least two functional layers, the functional layer or at least one of the functional layers of the stack being porous and made of an inorganic material M1, wherein the or at least one of the porous functional layer(s) of inorganic material M1 has, at the surface of at least one portion of the pores thereof, at least one inorganic material M2 different from M1.

Abstract: Provided is a transparent substrate with a coating film having excellent ultraviolet absorbing ability and scratch resistance while maintaining visible light transmittance at high level. The transparent substrate with the coating film includes a transparent substrate, and a coating film formed at least at a part of a surface of the transparent substrate. The coating film contains a silicon oxide matrix and a specific ultraviolet absorbent, and has a thickness of 3 to 10 ?m. The transparent substrate with the coating film has a transmittance of light with a wavelength of 400 nm of 10% or less, and a visible light transmittance of 50% or more, no scratch is visually recognized by a specific scratch resistance test for surface of the coating film, and a value where YI of the transparent substrate is subtracted from YI of the transparent substrate with the coating film is 10 or less.

Abstract: A reinforcing fiber and reinforced material, which includes a fiber having a first radical wave therein, wherein said first radical wave includes an amplitude of between about 0.5 to 1 cm and a wave run width of about 0.05 to about 0.3 cm, and a leading run and trailing run of at least about 0.75.

Abstract: The present invention relates to stretched polyolefin fibers comprising a polymer comprising at least one polymeric modifier selected from olefinic polymers modified with an acid and/or an acid anhydride, the use of these fibers in the reinforcement of cementitious compositions, and cementitious composition containing these fibers.

Abstract: An aggregate includes a polymeric foam present in a range of about 80 vol % to about 85 vol % of the aggregate. A cementitious matrix is present in a range of about 10 vol % to about 13 vol % of the aggregate. One or more resins are present in an amount of less than about 2 vol % of the aggregate, and one or more reinforcing fibers are present in an amount of less than about 1 vol % of the aggregate.

Abstract: A process for producing a refractory material for use in the superstructure of glass melting tanks contains, as main components, SiO2, SiC and a binder or binder mixture. A particulate substance, which in the spectral range from 1 ?m to 5 ?m and at temperatures above 1000° C. has a spectral emission capability which is higher than the spectral emission capability of the matrix of the refractory material, is incorporated into the matrix of the refractory material. A method of increasing the spectral emissivity of shaped, fired, refractory materials, is also provided.

Abstract: A hard material which, when used as a material of a sintered material, makes it possible to obtain a sintered material with excellent abrasion resistance, a sintered material, a cutting tool including the sintered material, a method for manufacturing the hard material and a method for manufacturing the sintered material are provided. The hard material contains aluminum, nitrogen, and at least one element selected from the group consisting of titanium, chromium, and silicon, and has a cubic rock salt structure.

Abstract: A composite composed of one or a plurality of principal strengthening compounds and at least one principal cemented refractory metal that is prepared by combining a suitable binary to senary borides and/or carbides with a unitary to binary principal refractory metal is disclosed. As compared with the conventional sintered cemented carbides, the composite of the disclosure not only possess high hardness and high toughness but also has various ratios of principal components since it is not prepared with equal mole during the process.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for uniformly coating metal nanoparticles without a carbon impurity on an oxide ceramic powder surface, which includes the steps of putting grinded and mixed a metal organic material and oxide ceramic powder into a rotational reaction chamber, then bubbling oxidizing gas under a rotational and heating condition to oxidize the metal organic material into a metal oxide, and finally bubbling reducing gas to reduce the metal oxide into nanoparticles in a metallic state, so as to implement the uniform coating of the nanoparticles in the metallic state, and avoid coarsening and growing problems of nanoparticles led by a long-term coating reaction under a high temperature. The present invention has a simple method and a short preparation period, and the metal nanoparticles prepared are uniformly dispersed and have wide application prospects in multiple fields like catalytic materials and conductive ceramics.

Abstract: The objective of the present teaching is to provide a porous material including carbon nanohorns. The porous material includes carbon nanohorns and has a predetermined three-dimensional shape.

Abstract: A production method for a ceramic matrix composite is comprised of: compounding an aggregate powder including a ceramic and a binder including at least one of thermoplastic resins and waxes to form a composition of the aggregate powder and the binder; pressing the composition to form sheets; accumulating fabrics of reinforcement fibers including the ceramic and the sheets alternately; pressing an accumulated body of the fabrics and the sheets; and generating a matrix combining the reinforcement fibers together.

Abstract: A fibrous preform (1) is produced, provided with a sandwich structure comprising an intermediate flexible core (4) and two outer fibrous frames (2, 3), respectively arranged on opposing outer faces of said flexible core (4) and assembled by sections of wire (8, 9) passing through said fibrous frames (2, 3), said preform (1) being impregnated with resin. Said preform is then hardened and the core (4) is removed, preferably by pre-densification with chemical vapour infiltration, and the structure produced is then densified with liquid-phase infiltration.

Abstract: A method of creating a component comprises forming a substrate and depositing a template material within the substrate, such that there are a plurality of template member. The component is heated to a temperature above a melting point of the template material, such that the template material wicks into a porosity of the substrate and forms a component with voids. An average hydraulic diameter of the voids is less than 1 millimeter.

Abstract: Procedure for controlling the chemical reaction in multi-layer ceramic decorations, according to interfacial and surface properties, in which the ceramic coating formulation is broken down into two separate compounds: on the one hand, a bottom layer formed by a glaze with part of the necessary oxides to obtain the ceramic effect, applied in the conventional manner over the ceramic substrate, and on the other hand, a top layer formed by an ink with the other necessary part of the oxides, applied by injection over the previous layer. The ceramic product is finished off with a firing process. This procedure has the advantage of regulating the penetration of the oxides of the top layer throughout the profile of the bottom layer, thus achieving an adequate concentration of oxides in the zone nearest to the surface, which permits optimization of the chemical reaction and thus, of the ceramic effect obtained.

Abstract: A method employing a composition of bioavailable minerals directed at supplementing nutritional intake of a living plant. The composition includes the ionic mineral(s) copper and zinc in a ligand complex and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier including water, H2SO4 and (NH4)2SO4. The composition for use in the method may also include other supporting plant nutrients such as botanical extracts, urea, plant hormones, vitamins and mineral supplements necessary for plant health.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a method for controlling nutrient depletion and reducing nitrogen and phosphorus run-off in agricultural applications. It is contemplated that the methods described herein maintain more available nitrogen and phosphorus in the plant root zone and minimize premature leaching and loss of the plant nutrients into surface waters and the subsurface ground water. The nutrient depletion-restricting substance includes a liquid formulation comprising one or more of the following components: (1) a plant extract from algae, seaweed, or their derivatives; (2) a liquid plant growth modification composition (3) a humic extract from a genuine humic source, e.g., leonardite.

Abstract: A method and system is provided for using biochar in composting environments to control temperature, moisture, acid and pH levels, odors and bacterial cultures. The method further includes treating the biochar prior to combining it with the compost to further control such parameters.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing sulphate of potash granulates, wherein 0.1 to 7.5 wt % of a sodium salt selected from among sodium chloride, sodium sulphate, sodium sulphate hydrates, sodium hydroxide and mixtures thereof are added to the sulphate of potash during the granulation process, the percentage by weight being in relation to the sulphate of potash used. In addition, 0.1 to 2.5 wt % of water are added prior to or during the granulation process. The invention also relates to the granulates obtained by said method as well as the use of sodium salts and glaserite and mixtures thereof for improving the mechanical properties of sulfate of potash granulates. The sulphate of potash granulates produced by the method of the invention have significantly greater bursting strength and significantly greater abrasion resistance than granulates known from the prior art.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of carrying out an organic reaction in aqueous solution in the presence of a hydroxyalkyl(alkyl)cellulose or an alkylcellulose.

Abstract: A catalyst composition containing cobalt manganese oxide which is modified with silicon in the form of a hydrophilic silica, the catalyst also containing at least one of lanthanum, phosphorus, Fe, Zr, and Zn, and optionally one or more basic elements selected from the group of alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, and transition metals. Also, methods for preparing and using the catalyst composition for producing aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons using the catalyst composition.

Abstract: A catalyst system and a process for methanol to light olefin conversion with enhanced selectivity towards propylene. The catalyst system comprises a honeycomb monolith catalyst support coated with aluminosilicate nanozeolite catalysts on the edges and inside the channels of the support structure. The aluminosilicate nanozeolite catalysts have not been pre-modified with a promoter metal. The catalyst system gives higher hydrothermal stability to the catalyst compared to randomly packed pellet catalysts and allows methanol to be converted to predominantly propylene at a low temperature, with decreased selectivity towards C2, higher olefins and paraffinic hydrocarbons.

Abstract: There is provided a method for producing an optionally substituted olefin, comprising the steps of: dehydrogenating an optionally substituted alcohol in a first reaction zone comprising a first catalyst supported on a porous silica-based particle to form an optionally substituted carbonyl at a first set of reaction conditions; converting the optionally substituted alcohol and the optionally substituted carbonyl from the first reaction zone in a second reaction zone at a second set of reaction conditions that is different to the first set of reaction conditions and is selected to form the optionally substituted olefin, wherein the second reaction zone comprises a second catalyst supported on a porous silica-based particle. There is also provided a system for producing the optionally substituted olefin.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a chromium compound represented by Formula 1a or 1b and a catalyst system including the same, exhibiting superior catalytic activity in an olefin trimerization reaction: [{CH3(CH2)3CH(CH2CH3)CO2}2Cr(OH)]??[Formula 1a] [{CH3CH2CH(CH2CH3)CO2}2Cr(OH)]??[Formula 1b].

Abstract: A novel process and a novel catalyst for the production of light olefins. 1-butene is cracked in the presence of an acid- or base-modified silicalite-1 catalyst bed, wherein the modified silicalite-1 has a SiAl ratio of greater than 1000. The modification procedures described herein increase the selectivity of the silicalite-1 catalyst toward light olefins such as ethylene and propylene. The catalytic cracking of 1-butene may be carried out in a fixed bed reactor or a fluidized bed reactor.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to chemical catalysts and methods that may be used for the production and/or interconversion of olefins. In some embodiments, methods for producing propylene from ethylene and butene comprising, (a) obtaining a catalyst composition comprising an isomerization catalyst and a disproportionation catalyst, wherein the weight ratio of the isomerization catalyst to the disproportionation catalyst is from 10:1 to 1:10; and (b) reacting butene with ethylene at a temperature from about 500° F. (260° C.) to about 650° F. (350° C.) in the presence of the catalyst composition under conditions sufficient to produce propylene are provided.

Abstract: Methods and systems for the dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons include a direct contact condenser to remove compounds from an offgas process stream. The reduction of compounds can decrease duty on the offgas compressor by removing steam and aromatics from the offgas. The dehydrogenation reaction system can be applicable for reactions such as the dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to produce styrene, the dehydrogenation of isoamiline to produce isoprene, or the dehydrogenation of n-pentene to produce piperylene.

Abstract: The invention relates to zeolitic absorbents based on at least one zeolite with hierarchical porosity, containing barium or barium and potassium, to the uses thereof for separating para-xylene from aromatic fractions containing 8 carbon atoms, and to the method for separating para-xylene from aromatic fractions containing 8 carbon atoms.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for stably producing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene for a long period of time wherein unreacted materials are reused after distillation without liquid-liquid separation to suppress catalyst deactivation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing a fluorine-containing haloolefin compound, said method being able to reduce the generation of overly fluorinated compounds as by-products in the production of the fluorine-containing haloolefin compound and produce the target product of high purity at a high yield. The invention also provides a halogenated hydrocarbon composition. The method for producing a haloolefin compound through the step of fluorinating a starting material containing at least one of a pentachloropropane or a tetrachloropropene in the presence of a fluorinating agent in a reactor, according to the present invention, includes the step of adding hydrogen chloride to the reactor. The composition according to the present invention contains: at least one member selected from the group consisting of a pentachloropropane and a tetrachloropropene; and hydrogen chloride.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for separation of colloidal suspension from a solution of organic compound, wherein the solution of organic compound includes but is not limited to hydrocarbon based solution. More particularly the method provides for removal of colloidal suspension from the solution to obtain clarified hydrocarbon based solution including but not limiting to the compound(s) from the diol family such as mono ethylene glycol (MEG), wherein said removal is achieved by contacting the solution with at least one flocculant followed by chemicals including but not limiting to precipitants. The disclosure also provides a system for carrying out the method of separating colloidal suspension from a solution of organic compound.

Abstract: The present invention is a method for producing a cyclopentyl alkyl ether compound comprising reacting substituted or unsubstituted cyclopentene with an alcohol compound represented by a formula (2): R1OH in the presence of an acidic zeolite, the cyclopentyl alkyl ether compound being represented by a formula (1): R1—O—R2, wherein R1 represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, and R2 represents a substituted or unsubstituted cyclopentyl group. The present invention provides a method that can produce a cyclopentyl alkyl ether with high reaction efficiency through a liquid-phase reaction even when the raw material feed rate (amount) is increased.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel compounds containing fluorinated end groups, to the use thereof as surface-active substances, and to compositions comprising these compounds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved method for producing of 1-(5,5-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)ethanone and 1-(5,5-dimethylcyclohex-6-en-1-yl)ethanone.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a compound of formula (I) wherein R1 is hydrogen, fluoro or chloro; which process comprises: a) reacting a compound of formula (II) wherein R1 is hydrogen, fluoro or chloro; with a nitration agent to the compound of formula (III) wherein R1 is hydrogen, fluoro or chloro; b) reacting the compound of formula (III) with trichloroisocyanuric acid in the presence of sulfuric acid or fuming sulfuric acid to the compound of formula (IV) wherein R1 is hydrogen, fluoro or chloro; and c) reacting the compound of formula (III) with chlorine gas at a temperature from 180° C. to 250° C. to the compound of formula (I).

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of making and using a titania supported palladium catalyst for the single step synthesis of 2-ethylhexanal from a feed of n-butyraldehyde. This titania supported palladium catalyst demonstrates high n-butyraldehyde conversion but also produces 2-ethylhexanal in an appreciable yield with maintained activity between runs. This method provides a single step synthesis of 2-ethylhexanal from n-butyraldehyde with a catalyst that can be regenerated that provides cleaner downstream separations relative to the traditional caustic route.

Abstract: A commercially available anatase titania catalyst is shown to be catalytically active towards the formation of methacrolein from formaldehyde and propionaldehyde with conversions and selectivities close to 90%. This titania catalyst is readily available, non-toxic, and can be used with formaldehyde and a variety of other aldehyde compounds to make ?,?-unsaturated aldehyde compounds. This process benefits from low raw material costs and is economically advantaged due to the elimination of catalyst separation. An additional advantage of this method involves the ability of the catalyst to be fully regenerated after a calcination step at 450° C. in air. This process shows promising stability and selectivity during lifetime studies, particularly when performed in the presence of a hydrogen carrier gas.

Abstract: A process is described that uses a silver catalyst to convert methanol into formaldehyde in the presence of less than a stoichiometric amount of oxygen. The resulting formaldehyde is reacted without isolation with propionaldehyde over a commercially available anatase titania catalyst that is shown to be catalytically active towards the formation of methacrolein from formaldehyde and propionaldehyde with conversions and selectivities close to 90%. This titania catalyst is readily available, non-toxic, and can be used with formaldehyde and a variety of other aldehyde compounds to make ?,?-unsaturated aldehyde compounds. This process benefits from low raw material costs and is economically advantaged due to the elimination of catalyst separation. This process shows promising stability and selectivity during lifetime studies, particularly when performed in the presence of a hydrogen carrier gas.

Abstract: Catalytic process for preparing an ?,?-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid salt, comprising reacting an alkene and carbon dioxide in the presence of a carboxylation catalyst and releasing the ?,?-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid salt with a base, the carboxylation catalyst being a transition metal complex, which comprises a structurally constrained bidentate P,X ligand, wherein X is selected from the group consisting of P, N, O, and carbene, the P and X atom are separated by 2 to 4 bridging atoms, and wherein the bridging atoms are part of at least one 5- to 7-membered cyclic substructure. A further catalytic processes for preparing ?-?ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid derivatives from CO2 and an alkene is provided.

Abstract: A catalyst system includes a complex having formula I which advantageously has a sterically protecting N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) carbene-pyridine ligand to handle harsh reactions conditions than many prior art catalysts: wherein M is a transition metal; o is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4; R1 is a C1-6 alkyl, a C6-18 aryl, or an optionally substituted C5-18 heteroaryl. In a refinement, R1 is methyl, ethyl, butyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, or t-butyl; R2, R3, R3? are independently an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, halo (e.g., Cl, F, Br, etc), NO2, an optionally substituted C6-18 aryl, or an optionally substituted C5-18 heteroaryl; R4, R4? are independently an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, halo, NO2, an optionally substituted C6-18 aryl, or an optionally substituted C5-18 heteroaryl; and X? is a negatively charge counter ion and L1, L2 are each independently a neutral ligand.

Abstract: A method for concentrating and crystallizing fermentable carboxylic acids, salts, and mixtures thereof may involve the use of carboxylic acids that have a defined temperature dependence of the solubility and of the osmotic pressure. The carboxylic acids may be concentrated by a membrane method and subsequently crystallized out by a cooling crystallization and isolated. In some examples, the membrane method may involve nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, and/or membrane distillation for separation into a concentrate and a permeate. Similarly, an apparatus for implementing such methods may include a nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, and/or membrane distillation unit for concentrating the carboxylic acid, and at least one cooling crystallization unit for crystallizing the carboxylic acid.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for the preparation of regioisomerically pure intermediates which are useful for the preparation of carboxy-fluorescein-type compounds. Such compounds have broad applications within bio-conjugation and/or fluorescent imaging.

Abstract: The object is to prevent deterioration and loss of dicyanobenzene in producing dicyanobenzene by ammoxidation of xylene to thereby achieve industrial and economical advantage in producing of dicyanobenzene.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for purifying ethylenediamine (EDA) by distillation, wherein the process comprises the steps a) and b). In step a), a mixture (G1) comprising water, EDA and N-methylethylenediamine (N-MeEDA) is fed into a distillation apparatus (D1), and the major part of the water comprised in the mixture (G1) is separated off overhead at a pressure of greater than 4.8 bara. From the bottom of (D1), the water-enriched mixture (G2) is fed into a distillation apparatus (D2) in step b). At the top of (D2), the major part of the N-MeEDA is distilled off. The stream (S3) obtained from the bottom of (D2) comprises EDA, with the components water and N-MeEDA comprised in the mixture (G1) having been largely or completely removed. Further distillation steps can optionally be carried out in order to obtain pure EDA, for example when diethylenetriamine (DETA) is additionally comprised in the mixture (G1).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of (1R,2R)-3-dimethylamino-1-ethyl-2-methyl-propyl)-phenol.