Abstract: Designs and methods of construction for an implantable medical device employ an internal support structure. The single-piece support structure holds various electronic components such as a communication coil and a circuit board, and further is affixed to a battery, thus providing a subassembly that is mechanically robust. The support structure further provides electrical isolation between these and other components. A method of construction allows for the subassembly to be adhered to a case of the implantable medical device at the battery, and possibly also at the support structure. The battery includes an insulating cover having holes. An adhesive is used consistent with the location of the holes to affix the battery to the case without electrically shorting the battery to the case.

Abstract: A system and method to deliver a therapeutic quantity of energy to a patient. The system includes a capacitor having a rated energy storage capacity substantially equal to the therapeutic quantity of energy, a boost converter coupled with the capacitor and constructed to release energy from the capacitor at a substantially constant current for a time interval, and an H-bridge circuit coupled with the boost converter and constructed to apply the substantially constant current in a biphasic voltage waveform to the patient. The method includes storing a quantity of energy substantially equal to the therapeutic quantity of energy in a capacitor, releasing the quantity of energy at a relatively constant current during a time interval using a boost converter coupled with the capacitor, and delivering a portion of the quantity energy in a direction to the patient using an H-bridge circuit coupled with the boost converter.

Abstract: A rescue cell apparatus used for cardiac defibrillation of a patient, the apparatus comprising: a hand held device for sending and receiving communication signals and configured to be used as a remote control to administer a defibrillation pulse to the patient for cardiac defibrillation; a defibrillator unit having a sensor electronic pad positionable on the patient, the sensor electronic pad adapted to deliver the defibrillation pulse; and a second electronic pad, connectable by an electrical wire to the defibrillator unit, the second electronic pad positionable on the patient and adapted to detect ECG signals and to deliver the defibrillation pulse to the patient; and an image recognition module configured in the handheld device, and adapted to verify positioning of the sensor electronic pad and the second electronic pad on the patient before defibrillation.

Abstract: A hermetically sealed capacitor and method of manufacturing are provided. The hermetically sealed capacitor includes an anode element having an anode wire and a feed through barrel, a cathode element, a first case portion having a first opening portion and a second case portion having a second opening portion. The first and second opening portions form an opening configured to mate with the feed through barrel. The first opening portion may include a slot portion configured to receive the feed through barrel. The hermetically sealed capacitor may also include electrolytic solution disposed between the first and second case portions.

Abstract: Apparatuses, systems and methods of treating a vertebrate organism via application of signals in a manner that enhances biological function. The signals applied can be produced by an electronic circuit, and can comprise magnetic fields emitted via one or more coil emitter devices.

Abstract: A magnetic coil system featuring a multi-layer structure (312a, 312b), a spherical shape, or both allows for efficient generation of a gradient magnetic field that induces an electric field in air in a region proximate to the coil. By subjecting at least a portion of a person's brain to the induced electric field various psychiatric disorders can be treated.

Abstract: Various embodiments are described herein that generally relate to a low-level laser therapy (LLLT) device to aid in at least one of the prevention and treatment of hair loss, rejuvenation of hair, and stimulation of hair regrowth for a certain percentage of users. In at least one embodiment, a plurality of emitters and bristles may be arranged in rows on a concave active surface of a housing for facing a treatment surface of the user. In some embodiments, the device is a laser therapy helmet device, wherein a portion of the device rotates relative to the treatment surface during use. In at least some embodiments, the device may further comprise a plurality of modes of operation for delivering different amounts of energy to the treatment surface.

Abstract: A method of treating mammalian skin tissues for causing a predetermined physiological change in the mammalian skin tissues. A treatment composition of matter is applied onto the mammalian skin. The mammalian skin is irradiated with a first pulse having a power density above an activation threshold power density and with a second pulse. The first pulse is emitted for a duration of from about 1 femtosecond to about 1 hour, and the first pulse is separated from the second pulse by an inter-pulse interval of from about 1 microsecond to about 10 seconds. The treatment composition of matter includes a photoreactive substance and is applied in an amount sufficient to cause physiological changes within the mammalian skin tissue upon the mammalian skin tissue being irradiated.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a modular applicator for enabling a brachytherapy treatment, comprising a central core and an outer sleeve, wherein the central core is adapted with a fixation mechanism for affixing the outer sleeve to the central core, wherein the outer sleeve is manufactured from a substantially rigid or shapeable material.

Abstract: The invention designs a segmented short-arc VMAT plan, modified from the original VMAT plan, to fit the breath-hold interval. The modified VMAT of the invention has the advantages of its applicability to different planning systems for variously long arcs and its preprogrammed arc segmentation for summated dose consistency. The present invention provides a method and a system for use in administering radiation therapy to patients using a radiotherapeutic apparatus with gantry rotation, and also meets the requirements for dose planning and accurate delivery, as well as coordinates patient's breath-hold level.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and apparatus of control and/or determination of energy and/or velocity of a beam of a charged particles extracted from a synchrotron, the synchrotron using a radio frequency field to redirect the charged particles through an extraction material. The method and apparatus for extracting a group of charged particles at a known and controlled energy is optionally used in conjunction with any apparatus and/or technique coupled to a synchrotron, such as a charged particle cancer therapy system. For example, the knowledge/control of the charged particle beam delivery energy is used in conjunction with a multi-axes and/or a multi-field tumor irradiation system in combination with a tumor treatment plan to accurately ablate or irradiate a tumor.

Abstract: A fluorescing marker is used in order to mark (for example) a leaf of a multi-leaf collimator and/or the reference points within the field of view. The markers are illuminated with light tuned to cause the markers to fluoresce at a wavelength different to that of the illuminating light. The fluorescence is then detected by a camera. This method allows the image to be captured by the camera with increased contrast. Accordingly, the present invention provides a multi-leaf collimator for a radiotherapeutic apparatus, comprising at least one leaf having a fluorescent marker. The fluorescent marker will usually emit light of a wavelength longer than the incident light, allowing suitable filters to be provided in order to distinguish the light emitted by the markers. A suitable material for use in the fluorescent markers is ruby. The present invention also provides a radiotherapeutic apparatus comprising a multi-leaf collimator as defined above, and a camera arranged to view the fluorescent markers.

Abstract: The invention comprises a system for determining the state of a charged particle beam, such as beam position, intensity, and/or energy. For example, the charged particle beam state is determined at or about a patient undergoing charged particle cancer therapy using one or more film layers designed to emit photons upon passage of a charged particle beam, which yields information on position and/or intensity of the charged particle beam. The emitted photons are used to calculate position of the treatment beam in imaging and/or during tumor treatment. Optionally and preferably, updating a tomography map uses the same hardware with the same alignment used for cancer therapy at proximately the same time.

Abstract: The invention comprises a system for patient specific control of charged particles in a charged particle beam path using one or more trays inserted into the charged particle beam path, such as at the exit port of a gantry nozzle in close proximity to a tumor of a patient. Each tray holds an insert, such as a patient specific insert for controlling the energy, focus depth, and/or shape of the charged particle beam. Examples of inserts include a range shifter, a compensator, an aperture, a ridge filter, and a blank. Trays in a tray assembly are optionally retracted into an output nozzle of a charged particle cancer treatment system. Optionally and preferably, each tray communicates a held and positioned insert to a main controller of the charged particle cancer therapy system.

Abstract: Ultrasound surgical apparatus are disclosed, including: medical ultrasound handpieces with proximally mounted ultrasound radiators configured to create a distally-focused beam of ultrasound energy, in combination with distal guide members for control of focal point depth; medical ultrasound handpieces with proximally mounted ultrasound radiators configured to create a distally-focused beam of ultrasound energy, in combination with distal rolling members for manipulability and control of focal point depth; medical ultrasound handpiece assemblies with coupled end effectors providing a probe with a probe dilation region configured to have an average outside diameter that is equal to or greater than the average outside diameter of a probe tip and neck; as well as junctions to an ultrasonically inactive probe sheath; medical ultrasound handpiece assemblies with coupled end effectors having positionable, ultrasonically inactive probe sheath ends slidably operable to both cover and expose at least a probe tip; and u

Abstract: A fall arrest harness having a primary arrest attachment attached to a dorsal portion of a harness by a dorsal release strap, a releasable friction device positioned at a hip location of the harness and a repositioning tether releasably connected to the primary fall arrest attachment. The harness provides manual and controllable transfer of a suspension point from a dorsal location by letting out the dorsal release strap through the releasable friction device until tension from a user's weight is transferred from the dorsal release strap to the repositioning tether.

Abstract: A body belt for use by linemen and others engaged in operations on poles or similar structures having a secondary set of D-rings, typically disposed slightly rearward of the primary D-rings on the belt or an auxiliary belt or attachment above or below the primary D-ring of the belt. The secondary D-rings which may differ in size from the primary D-rings, allow a wearer to separate devices that are normally attached to the primary D-rings. This allows less crowding of the primary D-rings, thereby making detachment and reattachment of one or more ancillary safety devices from the body belt as a lineman encounters an obstacle during his or her work on a pole or other elevated structure, thereby improving safety. An add-on D-ring assembly is provided for retrofitting body belts of the prior art. In another embodiment of the invention, an auxiliary body belt is detachably connected to the primary body belt, the auxiliary body belt having its own set of D-rings.

Abstract: A fall protection apparatus includes a heavy support base with a pivotal mast having a top member for rotation around the axis of the mast carrying a series of booms pivotal about respective vertical axes, each having an end coupling member for receiving a fall restraint harness. Each boom is formed by a tube which fractures on a fall and an elongate stainless steel strap inside the tube which bends without fracturing. The mast includes a series of telescopic rectangular mast sections with a winch driven cable and pulley arrangement for extending the first section which acts to pull the second inner section to the extended position as the first inner section moves out of the outer section. Each section includes first and second pulleys mounted at the same face of the section with the cable located between the face of the section and the face of the next section.

Abstract: A fall protection apparatus includes a heavy support base with a pivotal mast having a top member for rotation around the axis of the mast carrying a series of booms pivotal about respective vertical axes, each having an end coupling member for receiving a fall restraint harness. Each boom is formed by a tube which fractures on a fall and an elongate stainless steel strap inside the tube which bends without fracturing. The mast includes a series of telescopic rectangular mast sections with a winch driven cable and pulley arrangement for extending the first section which acts to pull the second inner section to the extended position as the first inner section moves out of the outer section. Each section includes first and second pulleys mounted at the same face of the section with the cable located between the face of the section and the face of the next section.

Abstract: A temperature-control and fire-suppression system is provided for a system space, which optionally houses IT equipment. The system space has a ventilation system for providing controlled temperature air, for example to the IT equipment. A store of a fire-suppressing gas in liquid form is coupled to a supply means for supplying the fire-suppressing gas in liquid form to the system space, such that evaporation of the fire-suppressing gas in liquid form cools, or absorbs energy, from, the air in the system space. A temperature sensor is provided for sensing a temperature in the system space and a controller is responsive to the sensed temperature for controlling the supply means, to supply the fire-suppressing gas in liquid form while maintaining the sensed temperature above a predetermined lower temperature.

Abstract: A fire-suppression technology system has a tank with outlet and inlet orifices. A reservoir has a dispensing orifice. The tank receives water. The reservoir receives a quantity of powder adapted to be converted to a fire-suppressing fluid when mixed with water. A pump operatively couples the tank and the reservoir. A hose is operatively coupled to the pump. A spool is supports the hose. A primary path of travel constitutes a closed loop path between the tank and the pump and the reservoir to create a fire-suppressing fluid. A secondary path of travel constitutes an open path for dispensing the fire-suppressing fluid from the tank and the pump toward a region to be controlled.

Abstract: A dry sprinkler is provided that includes a structure, a fluid deflecting structure, a locator, a metallic annulus and a shield. The structure defines a passageway extending along a longitudinal axis between an inlet and an outlet. The structure has a rated K-factor defining an expected flow of fluid in gallons per minute from the outlet divided by the square root of the pressure of the flow of fluid fed into the inlet of the passageway in pounds per square inch gauge. The fluid deflecting structure is proximate the outlet. The locator is movable along the longitudinal axis between a first position and a second position. The locator supports the metallic annulus. The metallic annulus includes first and second metallic surfaces spaced apart along the longitudinal axis between an inner and outer circumference with respect to the longitudinal axis. The shield has a first face exposed to the inlet and a second face confronting the first metallic surface to define a gap there between.

Abstract: Provided is a method of asbestos detoxification including: preparing asbestos which is a treatment target for detoxification and carbon dioxide; and pressing the asbestos and the carbon dioxide with a pressure of 1 to 5 GPa and treating the asbestos and the carbon dioxide at a temperature of 100 to 250° C., wherein since the asbestos is not subjected to chemical pre-treatment, as compared to the existing technologies in which the chemical pre-treatment is necessary, treatment cost may be reduced, and another concern for environmental contamination may be prevented in advance, and accordingly, the asbestos is appropriate for recycling through detoxification as well as waste treatment.

Abstract: There is accordingly provided a flexible sheet assembly for stretching exercises. The assembly has a longitudinal axis. The assembly includes an elongate flexible sheet having a pair of spaced-apart longitudinally extending sides. The sheet has a pair of spaced-apart ends that extend between the sides. The sheet has a first longitudinal portion extending from a first one of the ends towards a second one of the ends. The sheet has a second longitudinal portion extending from the second one of the ends towards the first one of the ends. At least a first one of the longitudinal portions of the sheet has an aperture extending therethrough. Portions of the first one of the longitudinal portions of the sheet adjacent to the aperture are curved.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a dynamic pendula stool possessing a foot, a leg secured to the foot, and a seat secured to the top end of the leg. The leg has a telescopic column that includes a lower part secured to a spherical foot with a diameter of 20-cm or less and an upper part with a free end having an articulation. The articulation has three degrees of freedom and is secured to the underside of the seat so that when a user rests against the seat, the leg forms an angle between 30 and 90 degrees with respect to the horizontal, thereby allowing an isometric contraction of the muscle groups of the lower limbs and of the abdominal girdle in the seated position. The stool is further provided with one or more sensors configured to send data signals to a remote electronic device.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to power an exercise machine are disclosed herein. An example exercise machine includes a generator to convert movement of a moveable part of the exercise machine into electric power. The example exercise machine includes a generator power receiver to measure the power output by the generator, and to calculate a rotations per minute of the moveable part. A mode controller is to calculate a power supply duty cycle based on the power output by the generator, the rotations per minute of the moveable part, and a user selected wattage. A power output controller is to control power provided to a console of the exercise machine based on the power supply duty cycle.

Abstract: A resilient rod that provides adjustable directional resistance is disclosed. In one aspect of the invention, a resistance level may be determined based on a thickness of the rod and a position of an applied force with respect to a fulcrum point. In another aspect of the invention, at least one spine may be attached to the beam to increase a diameter of the beam along one axis. The resistance level may be determined based on the thickness of the rod, the position of the applied force and an orientation of the at least one spine with regard to the direction of the applied force. In other aspects of the invention, the resilient rods may be incorporated into a golf club that provides for adjustable resistance levels.

Abstract: A low friction rehabilitation board having an integral band retaining feature is described. The rehabilitation board may have a coefficient of static friction of no more than about 0.5 and in some embodiments no more than about 0.06. A non-slip material may be attached to the bottom surface of the rehabilitation board. A band retaining feature is described as being integral to the rehabilitation board such that it is attached to the board, or may be fastened to the board. Additionally, in some embodiments, the board comprises range markings for the determination of the degree or amount of exertion or extension. Furthermore, the range markings may be calibrated to specific resistance band types. In other embodiments, the rehabilitation board may be configured with interlocking features to provide a modular option for combining boards when more extension is required.

Abstract: A modular fitness device includes a fitness equipment and a receiving box. The fitness equipment has a power demand side. The receiving box is disposed at one side of the fitness equipment. A counterweight is disposed in the receiving box. The counterweight is connected to the power demand side via at least one follower. At least one connecting member is disposed between the fitness equipment and the receiving box. The receiving box is formed as a module disposed at one side of the fitness equipment. The production and assembly convenience of the modular fitness device is improved.

Abstract: The invention relates to a bench, which is designed for performing hip extensions in such a way as to prevent damage to the back of the user, and can be adapted to different sizes. To this end, the bench consists of an H-shaped frame having a middle beam (7) that is slightly shorter than the distance established between the disks (6) of the bar (5) to be lifted, and on which a back rest or seat (14) is provided, comprising height-regulating means, characterized in that the height of the side beams is such that the bar (5) can be rolled over the surface of the beams above the stretched-out body of the user, while the large disks are flush with the ground so as not to limit the range of movement.

Abstract: A bodyweight exercise apparatus includes a tower assembly, at least one handle coupleable to the tower assembly, and an exercise ball retainer. A user may grasp the at least one handle to perform one or more bodyweight exercises. The exercise ball retainer may be configured to receive an exercise ball in roll-inhibiting engagement and may be configured to support the exercise ball in a spotting position relative to the at least one handle. With the exercise ball in the spotting position, the user is able to customize and/or modify the one or more bodyweight exercises, thus facilitating the proper performance of the one or more bodyweight exercises.

Abstract: An adjustable training apparatus includes a harness that is worn over an upper torso of a person training, and two tensioning devices that are secured to the harness. Each tensioning device includes a cord that extends from the device, with an outer end of the cord being configured to be secured to a body part of the person training. A method of conducting anaerobic resistance training is further disclosed.

Abstract: A stepper includes a base, a linking rod, two pedals and two adjusting mechanisms. The linking rod is disposed on the base and includes two ends that are concentrically rotated with each other. Each of the adjusting mechanism includes a blocking member and a blocking block. The blocking member includes a first blocking surface. The blocking block includes at least one second blocking surface resisting the first blocking surface of the blocking member. When one of the pedals is lowered along a gravity direction, one of the first blocking surfaces and one of the second blocking surfaces are inclined along the gravity direction to link up one end of the linking rod thereby concentrically rotating the other end of the linking rod, and the other first blocking surface is resisted by the other second blocking surface thereby swinging and raising the other pedal.

Abstract: A stepper includes a base, a linking rod, two pedals and two mechanisms. The linking rod is disposed on the base. Each of the adjusting mechanism includes a blocking member, an adjusting base and an eccentric member. The blocking member includes a first blocking surface. The adjusting base is disposed on the base. The eccentric member is rotatably disposed on the adjusting base and includes at least two second blocking surfaces. The two second blocking surfaces selectively resist the first blocking surface. When one of the pedals is lowered, one of the first blocking surfaces and one of the second blocking surfaces are inclined to link up one end of the linking rod, and the other end of the linking rod is concentrically rotated, and the other first blocking surface is resisted by the other second blocking surface, thereby rotating and raising the other pedal.

Abstract: An exercise device may comprise at least one joint. The at least one joint may comprise at least one first surface positioned adjacent to at least one second surface, the at least one second surface movable relative to the at least one first surface at at least one interface. A damping grease having a dynamic viscosity greater than about 100 Pascal seconds at standard temperature and pressure may be positioned at the at least one interface between the at least one first surface and the at least one second surface of the at least one joint.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising a base, support and resistive band to provide consumers a method for conditioning, preventing or rehabilitating injuries from running, sports and fitness activities.

Abstract: A golf ball launch monitor is disclosed that may be used with an alignment stick. The monitor has a default alignment and an image sensor adapted to capture an image of the alignment stick and communicate that image to a processor. The processor is configured to perform the following steps: (a) detect a horizontal edge within the image representative of the alignment stick by detecting large contrast changes; (b) convert each edge to a vector that starts at the sensor's focal point and projects into space based on the sensor's calibration; (c) locate the plane formed by the vectors by applying standard outlier removal and best fit analysis (d) determine the intersection of the plane and an earth tangential plane; and (e) calculate an azimuth alignment angle offset based on the line and the monitor's default alignment. The calculated azimuth alignment angle can then be used to adjust ball flight trajectory calculations.

Abstract: A method for profiling an athlete is discloses. The method comprises storing force-time data for a population of athletes; wherein said force-time data is generated by a sensor system in respect of each of said plurality of athletes in response to the said athlete performing an athletic movement, and comprises values for a concentric net vertical impulse (CON-IMP), an average eccentric rate of force development (ECC-RFD), and an average vertical concentric force (CON-VF); performing a normalization of the force-time data for each athlete based on values of the force-time data within the population of athletes; and generating a profile comprising an athletic signature for each athlete in the population, wherein said profile comprises the normalized values for the concentric net vertical impulse (CON-IMP), the average eccentric rate of force development (ECC-RFD), and the average vertical concentric force (CON-VF) for the athlete.

Abstract: An automatic application-based exercise tracking system and methods comprising: i) voice-transcribed or typed text natural language processing and automatic tracking to record exercises, comprehensive exercise quantities, and calories burned data, and ii) multi-exercise administration to record multiple exercises and related data in a single user voice-transcribed or typed text submission. Further, such automatic application-based exercise tracking system is usable through computers, tablets, mobile phones, smart watches, wearables and other similar devices.

Abstract: A treadmill ergometer for therapeutic applications and/or intense running training is connected to one or more force pull-out units. The force pull-out units can be connected at the free end area thereof to limbs and/or the body of a training person in such a way that a force is applied to the limb(s) or the body when the limb and/or the body moves.

Abstract: A system and method for adaptive fitness testing is provided. A fitness testing application manages fitness tests on a fitness testing apparatus by collecting physiological data and calculating various performance metrics. The fitness testing application automatically reconfigures fitness tests to adopt to a user's improving fitness level.

Abstract: A first flipper has a base, a deformable fin connected to the base, and a first spreader that imposes a first force on the fin that causes the fin to spread in response to relative movement between the first spreader and the fin caused by a first longitudinal deflection of the fin relative to the base. A second flipper has a fin and a foot coupling portion connectable to a foot holding portion of a boot to couple a foot in the foot holding portion to the flipper. A first system includes the flipper and the boot. Methods of using the flippers, the boot, and the system are also disclosed.

Abstract: A swim fin includes a blade and a foot pocket separate from the blade that can be coupled and released. The blade extends in a rearward direction Y2 at both side portions of a rear end of the blade, and has both coupling arms spaced apart in a lateral direction X and both first transverse engaging portions positioned on mutually faced inner surfaces of both coupling arms. A first intermediate engaging portion is positioned between both transverse engaging portions. The foot pocket has both second transverse engaging portions positioned on both side portions of a front end of the foot pocket and detachably engaged with both first transverse engaging portions. A second intermediate engaging portion is detachably engaged with the first intermediate engaging portion.

Abstract: Golf ball incorporating core consisting of: a solid inner core layer consisting of a peroxide cured polybutadiene rubber composition and having a diameter of 1.25 inches or less and a center Shore C hardness (Hcenter) of 50 or less; and an outer core layer consisting of a thermoplastic composition Tc as defined herein and having a thickness of 0.400 inches or greater and an outer surface Shore C hardness (Houter surface) of 70 or greater, wherein Houter surface>Hcenter, and Houter surface?Hcenter?40. The peroxide cured polybutadiene rubber composition may comprise a reaction product of polybutadiene and a sufficient amount of peroxide to form the solid inner layer having the center Shore C hardness (Hcenter) of 50 or less. In one embodiment, 100 phr polybutadiene and from about 0.05 phr to about 3.0 phr of peroxide are mixed with at least one of 5 phr or less of a metal oxide; 5 phr or less of a metal coagent; or 5 phr or less of a metal carbonate.

Abstract: A golf ball comprising a core comprising an inner core center and an outer core layer disposed over the inner core center. The inner core center has a deflection of greater than 0.210 inch under a load of 100 kilograms, and the entire the core has a deflection ranging from 0.130 inch to 0.105 inch under a load of 100 kilograms. A mantle layer is disposed over the core and a cover is disposed over the mantle.

Abstract: Golf balls comprising a multi-layer core and a cover are disclosed. The multi-layer core comprises a zero or positive hardness gradient center that is hard relative to an intermediate core layer.

Abstract: According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided an adjustable connector including at least two parts, each having a main body with a bore having a longitudinal axis therein, wherein an external surface of the main body of a first part is configured to bear against an internal surface of the bore of a second part when the first part is at least partially inserted into the bore of the second part to form a connection, characterized in that the positioning of the bores with respect to the main bodies is such that when the parts are connected to each other, rotation of one part with respect to the other changes the inclination of the longitudinal axes of the bores with respect to one another.

Abstract: Disclosed are systems and methods of adjusting the playing orientation of the head of a golf club. An adjustment to the axis of the shaft in reference to the vertical plane is constrained within minimum and maximum limits, so as to conform to current and proposed changes to the United States Golf Association (USGA) rules of play. The fine adjustment within these constraints cannot be readily made, and all adjustable parts are firmly fixed, so there is no reasonable likelihood of them working loose during a round. The adjustments to the club are designed such that during a stipulated round, the playing characteristics of a club cannot be purposely changed by adjustment or by other means.

Abstract: A golf club includes a club head having a volume of greater than about 360 cm3 and a mass less than 200 g. A shaft attachable to the club head has a tip end, a butt end, and a shaft balance point distance, BPs, as measured from the butt end, of no more than 19 inches. And the golf club has a mass less than 300 g.

Abstract: A golf club head is provided with a body that has an address position with a zero degree bounce portion on the sole and a center sole position with a multi-relief surface of the sole having a negative bounce portion. The negative bounce portion may comprise a negative 0.5 to a negative 4.0 degree surface. In one embodiment, the multi-relief surface may comprise the negative bounce portion and a cutaway portion extending to the back of the sole, which may have a depth of about 0.05 to 0.5 inch from a regular sole surface. In another embodiment, the golf club head includes a weight system to adjust the center of gravity. In one embodiment, the weight system is a tube having a weight at one end that may be inserted into the golf club head to move the center of gravity at least forward and backward within 6 mm and up and down within 6 mm. Preferably, the tube is angled downward toward the face by at least 3 degrees.